Annals of the Smithsonian Institution

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Annals of the

Smithsonian Institution

1998

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Annals of the

Smithsonian Institution

1998

Contents

Smithsonian Institution 4
Statement by the Secretary 6
Report of the Provost 10

Report of the Under Secretary 12
Report of the Board of Regents 18
Chronology 20

Reports of the Bureaus and Offices of the
Smithsonian Institution for Fiscal Year 1998

44

Members of the Smithsonian Councils, Boards, and
Commissions, September 30,1998 93

Visits to the Smithsonian Institution Museums and
Galleries in Fiscal Year 1998 101

Academic, Research Training, and Internship
Appointments and Research Associates in Fiscal
Year 1998 102

Award Activity at the Smithsonian Institution in
Fiscal Year 1998 140

Publications of the Smithsonian Institution Press
in Fiscal Year1998 — 151

Publications of the Staff of the Smithsonian
Institution and Its Subsidiaries in Fiscal Year

1998 154

The Smithsonian Institution and Its Subsidiaries,
September 30, 1998 217

Donors to the Smithsonian Institution in Fiscal
Year 1998 233

Contributing Members of the Smithsonian
Institution in Fiscal Year 1998 264

Financial Report 277

Notes: The arrangement of bureau and office listings within is not alphabetical but rather follows as closely as possible the

organization of the Smithsonian Institution as shown on page 4.

The contents of Annals were produced from electronic files provided by the bureaus and offices.

Smithsonian
Institution

Establishment, Board of Regents, Executive Committee,

and the Secretary

Office of the Secretary

Office of the Under Secretary

Office of the Provost

Office of Inspector General

Office of Planning, Management, and Budget
Office of General Counsel

Office of Government Relations

Office of Communications

Secretary

Inspector General

Secretariat

Planning, Management, and Budget
Membership and Development

Provost

Museums and Research Institutes

Anacostia Museum and Center for African American
History and Culture

Archives of American Art

Arthur M. Sackler Gallery/Freer Gallery of Art

Center for Folklife Programs and Cultural Studies

Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum

Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden

National Air and Space Museum

National Museum of African Art

4

National Museum of American Art

—Renwick Gallery

National Museum of American History

National Museum of the American Indian

National Museum of Natural History

—Museum Support center

National Portrait Gallery

National Postal Museum

National Zoological Park

Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory

Smithsonian Center for Latino Initiative

Smithsonian Center for Materials Research and
Education

Smithsonian Environmental Research Center

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute

Education, Museum, and Scholarly Services

Center for Museum Studies

Exhibits Central

Fellowship and Grants

International Relations

National Science Resources Center
Program for Asian Pacific American Studies
Smithsonian Institution Archives
Smithsonian Institution Libraries
Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service
Smithsonian Office of Education

Sponsored Projects

Other Support Services

Accessibility Program
Institutional Studies
Scientific Diving Program

Under Secretary

Operations Directorate

Chief Financial Officer

Comptroller

Contracting

Treasurer

Senior Executive Officer

Equal Employment and Minority Affairs
Human Resources

Ombudsman

Senior Facilities Officer

Environmental Management and Safety
Physical Plant

Protection Services

Senior Information Officer

Imaging, Printing, and Photographic Services : :
Brame isp tet Affiliated Organizations

John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts

Business Advancement Directorate National Gallery of Art
Reading Is Fundamental, Inc.
Smithsonian Associates Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
Smithsonian Businesses
—Rerail
—Concessions

—Product Development and Licensing
—Smithsonian Press/Productions
Smithsonian Magazine

Statement by the
Secretary

I. Michael Heyman

A few years ago, a number of scholars at the Smithsonian
convened a meeting at the National Zoo that they titled
“What About Increase?” They were concerned that the
research function of the Smithsonian had become the hidden
part of the Institution’s dual mission to promote “the increase
and diffusion of knowledge.”

Ir is not, of course, surprising that most Americans think of
the Smithsonian principally in terms of our museums and their
exhibitions and programs. They are the public face of the
Institution and represent our vital commitment to education. But
there is another Smithsonian—the Smithsonian of research
institutes in Massachusetts, Panama, and Maryland, of field
expeditions throughout the world, of scholarly investigations
into vanishing technologies, historical traditions, and artistic
expression. It is that Smithsonian, committed to expanding the
boundaries of knowledge, thar we celebrate here.

At the time James Smithson made his generous and
mysterious bequest to the people of the United States in the
1820s, America was far from the research giant it has become
in our century. While we will never know Smithson's exact
intentions for the new institution he imagined, the
Smithsonian’s first Secretary, Joseph Henry, argued that since
Smithson had himself been a scientist (with more than 200
scientific papers to his name), it must have been his intention
to found in the New World “an organization which should
promote original scientific researches.” Henry, known for his
experiments with electromagnetism, was in the vanguard ofa
rising generation of American scientists and saw in Smithson’s
bequest an opportunity to create, in the unlikely precincts of
the capital city, a place devoted to pure research: in his words,
a “college of discoverers.”

So devoted was Henry to his vision that he downplayed the
potential for public education in the use of Smithson’s funds.

6

The notion of a national museum left him cold, and even the
construction of a great building on what is now the National
Mall struck him as a diversion of monies more usefully spent
in the support of investigations in all branches of knowledge
and the dissemination of findings in publications and other
forms of scholarly exchange.

Happily for us today, Henry was not entirely able to stop
the Smithsonian from undertaking responsibility for the care
of national collections, nor, for that matter, could he stop the
creation of a tradition of great buildings on the Mall to
present them. His enduring legacy to the Smithsonian,
though, was to underscore and establish the importance of a
research agenda of the highest standard.

Within two years of the Institution’s founding in 1846,
Henry had already demonstrated the potential of his stubborn
vision. At a time when only two other U.S. institutions
sponsored the publication of research results, he initiated the
series Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, which
continues to the present day as the Smithsonian Contributions
and Studies Series Program. The first volume, Azcient
Monuments of the Mississippi, a stady of Indian mounds, has
been described as a “milestone in the development of
American anthropology.” Henry also saw the Smithsonian's
potential as a catalyst and coordinator of scientific inquiry
throughout the nation and the world. Using the hot new
technology of the telegraph, he set up a network of hundreds
of observers to chart weather conditions throughout the
United States and as far away as South America. This
innovation created a base for the new science of meteorology,
grounded in the accumulation of long-range data, and led to
the establishment of the U.S. Weather Bureau in 1869.

Henry's interest in the emerging field we now call
anthropology bore spectacular fruit when he persuaded John

Wesley Powell, a national hero after his explorations of the
Colorado River, to add human studies ro his interest in
geology. In time, Powell established the Bureau of American
Ethnology, predecessor to the Department of Anthropology
and its National Anthropological Archives in the National
Museum of Natural History. The bureau documented the
languages and customs of what were then assumed to be
vanishing American Indian cultures (later augmented by
materials associated with other global communities) in a
series of studies, field notes, photographs, and eventually
sound recordings. This remarkable and still developing body
of materials has been called by the great French
anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss a “living inspiration.”

Research at the Smithsonian has another “godfather” from
its early years, Henry’s assistant and successor as Secretary,
Spencer Fullerton Baird. Baird never saw a contradiction
between the Smithsonian's research and museum functions
and committed himself, at first discreetly, to the
accumulation of extensive collections for study and public
display. Henry might have guessed at Baird's intentions when
the young man arrived in 1850 to take up his new position
with two railroad boxcars filled with his personal collections.

In time, Baird’s determination added to the Smithsonian's
research goals a commitment to collection-based
investigations. Inspired by Henry's own strategy of recruiting
a network of scientific observers, Baird established
connections to individuals throughout the country—farmers
and soldiers, as well as committed naturalists—who were
inspired to send to the Castle in Washington, D.C., a range of
items, from Indian artifacts (which have grown to the
Smithsonian's unequaled collections of well over 2 million
items today) to specimens of plant and animal life (now well
over 100 million in the National Museum of Natural History
alone). Participants in the government's explorations of the
West were encouraged to collect for the Smithsonian as well,
instructed by Baird, as were all in his army of volunteer
collectors, in the proper preparation and documentation of the
specimens.

Baird’s Smithsonian took a leadership role that the
Institution continues to maintain in systematics research,
which builds systems of classification of plants and animals
derived from the study of their physical characteristics. The
National Museum of Natural History's Laboratory of
Molecular Systematics, for example, uses molecular biology to
examine an organism’s DNA as additional aids to
classification. In the scientific sense, fossils have taken on new
life. And, in another example of new uses for old collections,
scientists have used the Smithsonian's vast collection of North
American bird eggs, collected in the nineteenth century, to
assess damage done to the eggs of bird populations exposed in
our own time to DDT.

Neither Henry nor Baird could have imagined the
enormous scope of activities of the modern-day Smithsonian,
bur elements of their research philosophies have shaped much
of its development. Henry’s ideal of a research institute has

been realized in such units as the Smithsonian Astrophysical
Observatory and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
(STRD, both ranked among the top centers of their kind in
the world. Baird’s ideal of museum-based research has
expanded from the activities of the single National Museum
he presided over to the proliferation of great museums
devoted to individual fields in science, history, and art, each
with their community of scholars.

While the many hundreds of researchers in the modern
Smithsonian cover an extraordinary range of topics, they share
the impulse at the heart of all research: to know what has
never been known before. The astrophysicist, the natural
scientist, the anthropologist, the historian, and the art
historian keep in mind the fundamental questions of their
particular field—whether about the origins of the cosmos, the
interrelationship of life on Earth, the patterns of human
behavior and events, or the brilliance of individual
creativity—while devoting themselves to the process of
uncovering in their own work one piece of a larger puzzle.

One example in the sciences is the painstaking work done
by Anthony Coates, deputy director of STRI, and his
colleagues in an eight-year project to study the
10-million-year geological and biological record represented
by an isolated archipelago in Panama. In the end their work
will produce maps of rock layers and a time range of fossil
species among other measures of environmental and
biological change. The period covered is one that saw the
creation of the Isthmus of Panama, separating the Atlantic
and Pacific Oceans and, by changing ocean currents, possibly
providing the moisture that triggered an Ice Age.

A fascinating example of Smithsonian research in history is
provided by the work of Paul Johnston, maritime curator in
the Division of Transportation at the National Museum of
American History, who conducted 211 dives in two years in
Lake Superior to recover artifacts and gain information about
a propeller steamship wrecked in 1858. One of the earlier ships
to travel the Great Lakes, the Indiana, well preserved by the
cold water, gives modern researchers a way to document
mid-nineteenth-century propulsion machinery and to
understand better, in Johnston's words, the role of the steamer
“in the development of maritime trade, travel, and rhe
settlement of the Great Lakes region.”

Late-twentieth-century research in art history has provided
new strategies to answer questions about the creative process.
One of the most remarkable examples is provided by a
collaboration undertaken a few years ago berween Elizabeth
Broun, director of the National Museum of American Art,
and Ingrid Alexander, an art research historian specializing in
technical analysis at the Smithsonian Conservation Analytical
Laboratory (now the Smithsonian Center for Materials
Research and Education). In preparation for her
groundbreaking exhibition and publication on Albert
Pinkham Ryder, who is counted among America’s greatest
artists, Broun sought to understand with Alexander's help the
nature of Ryder's experimentation with color and materials,

often obscured by the deterioration and restoration of his
paintings. The autoradiographs (similar to x-radiographs) that
Alexander produced enabled new insights into the reclusive
artist’s technique and sophistication.

These are, of course, just snapshots from the remarkable
range of research activities pursued by our professional staff
within the Institution and around the world. While it would
be impossible here to describe them all, certain frameworks
capture the spirit of inquiry across the modern Smithsonian
and reveal our particular strengths as a research institution.

The recent creation at the Smithsonian of an Institute for
Conservation Biology, involving work pursued across many of
our units, reflects recognition of the need for an integrated
approach encompassing many scientific fields to understand
the complex interdependence and fragility of the natural
world. At the National Zoo, for example, researchers draw
upon insights provided by the study of genetics, physiology,
behavior, evolutionary biology, and ecology to support its
breeding and conservation efforts around the world, with
special attention to the preservation of threatened animals.
The Smithsonian Environmental Research Center in the
Chesapeake Bay region devotes its long-term program to the
goal of gaining a landscape ecology perspective on air, land,
and water interactions in its coastal zone; while at the Center
for Earth and Planetary Studies at the National Air and
Space Museum, researchers are involved in studies of arid
environments around the world as a way of evaluating climate
changes.

Other scientists, at our National Museum of Natural
History, work to trace the evolutionary relationships that
connect all plants and animals, living and extinct; those
involved with the many research projects at the Smithsonian
Tropical Research Institute cope with the mystery of how
little we know about the nature and multimillion number of
species, most of them in the tropics, that make up the
diversity of life on Earth.

From the start, much of Smithsonian scientific research has
been driven by a sense of urgency. The establishment of the
National Zoo in 1889, for example, had its roots in the
concern of Smithsonian naturalist William T. Hornaday and
the third Smithsonian Secretary, Samuel Pierpont Langley,
that the population of American bison had been dangerously
reduced. So concerned were they over the disappearance of this
distinctly North American ungulate that Langley and
Hornaday penned a few behind the Castle, sought land and
funds from Congress, and founded the National Zoo as the
Smithsonian's first step in species conservation.

Modern Smithsonian researchers are in the forefront of
those addressing, in the words of a recent statement, such
pressing issues of environmental and ecological concern as
“acid rain, global warming, deterioration of the ozone layer,
clear-cutting of tropical forests, desertification, and pollution
of the oceans.” On an individual level, an activist research
agenda is typified by the work of scientists like Ronald Heyer,
curator of amphibians and reptiles at the National Museum of

8

Natural History, whose concern about declining global frog
populations has led him to chair an alliance of 1,000 volunteer
scientists around the world to monitor the problem.

Another way in which certain research interests throughout
the Institution complement each other is within the broad
category of the exploration of “material culture,” the
interpretation of objects as documents of human and natural
history. As a repository of “things” of all sorts (141 million
in our collections at last count), the Smithsonian offers
advantages over the university in providing scholars with
the opportunity to examine directly and debate the various
meanings objects reveal across disciplines. One example was
a discussion held about the Hope Diamond, in which a
geologist provided a perspective on its natural formation
across millions of years, a decorative arts specialist described
its role as a cut and polished gemstone in the history of
jewelry, and a folklorist revealed the pattern of its ownership
from India to Europe and the United States and the legends
that have added so much to its mystery and attraction.

Some of the most interesting discussions of this sort take
place under the auspices of the Smithsonian Forum on
Material Culture, which invites to its meetings any scholar
with an interest in cross-cultural and cross-disciplinary
interpretation. One meeting asked forum members
representing the history of technology, art history, and
archaeology to interpret three African chairs owned by the
National Museum of African Art. Another took on the
imaginative theme of “Captured Water,” in which a curator
from the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery showed the ways in which
the culture of India has ritualized the human relationship to
water and a curator from the Cooper-Hewitt, National Design
Museum explained the many purposes fountains serve in
European life. Then a scientist, Michael Robinson, director of
the National Zoo, joined in with a description of his planned
exhibition on the centrality of water to life on the planet. This
is the multifaceted Smithsonian at its best, sharing knowledge
across the full range of arts and sciences.

Although the Smithsonian is its own community of
research, the Institution is as committed to the creation of
resources available to researchers throughout the world. No
scholar of American art can do without the extraordinary
range of materials collected and catalogued by our Archives of
American Art, with centers in California and New York, as
well as Washington, D.C. Other researchers have available to
them such documentary collections as the advertising history
materials in the Archives Center of the National Museum of
American History, the Catalog of American Portraits at the
National Portrait Gallery, and the more than 200,000
photographs and nearly 2 million pages in unpublished
materials at the National Anthropological Archives. Add to
this the enormous resources of the Smithsonian Institution
Libraries system and the Smithsonian Institution Archives,
among hundreds of collections of documents and objects too
numerous to mention, and the Institution becomes a resource
of vast proportions.

There was a reason why James Smithson coupled the
“increase” with the “diffusion” of knowledge. The
Smithsonian's commitment to “discovery” can mean at the
purest level of research the expansion of human knowledge
beyond anything grasped before, bur “discovery” also happens
whenever any one of us encounters and understands
something we did not know before. That process is repeated
millions of times in exhibitions at the Institution and in those
presented by the Smithsonian Institution Traveling
Exhibition Service, at programs provided by The Smithsonian
Associates and by Smithsonian Productions, in the wealth of
articles in Smithsonian magazine, and in the expanding world
of the electronic Smithsonian, which now welcomes millions
of visitors each month to our home page on the World Wide
Web, bitp://www.st.edu.

Bur to return to the concerns expressed at the “What
About Increase?” conference, very few of our visitors associate
the process of research with the exhibitions and programs
they enjoy. In her address to that meeting, Maxine Singer,
president of the Carnegie Institution in Washington, D.C.,
and chair of the Smithsonian’s Commission for the Future,
explained that researchers themselves have “failed to convey to
people . . . how we come to know things and what the
standards of knowing are.”

I find thar a very fair observation. Very often exhibitions
and programs provide the fruits of investigation but little
about the process itself. What were the questions posed? How
were conclusions reached? Do questions remain? If the
information is groundbreaking, we need to know that. If it is
a synthesis of what is already known, tell us that as well.

Some of our most exciting programs are now geared exactly
to do that—to let the public in on the workings of research.
One of my favorites ina scientific field is “Think Tank,” a
complete reworking of the small mammal house at the
National Zoo. “Our goal,” according to the head of the team
that produced it, Ben Beck, “is to engage the public ina field

of study that has challenged scientists for 2,000 years.”
Visitors are exposed to monitors showing various aspects of
animal behavior such as a group of beavers building a dam
and asked, “Is this thinking?” The answers are not clear-cut
and point to questions about how we define thinking and its
component elements of planning and flexibility. At the heart
of the installation is the opportunity to observe behavioral
scientists interacting with orangutans in a language project
based on communication through touch-screen computer
technology and a new symbolic language created at the
National Zoo.

Unlike research in the sciences, research in the humanities
does not proceed through experimentation as much as
through the search for meaning in human history and
expression. Because the process is more subjective, it is less
easily demonstrated to our visitors, but two curators at the
Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden are at work on a
groundbreaking exhibition that might just do the trick. To
mark the museum's 25th anniversary in October 1999, Neal
Benezra and Olga M. Viso are examining what has happened
to the idea and ideal of beauty in the art of the twentieth
century. By reviewing how, in Benezra’s words, “time-honored
aesthetic standards” had come to be considered by many
artists and critics “no longer valid,” the curators will show
through the juxtaposition of various works of art changing
visions of the beautiful but draw no absolute conclusions.
“Our question to viewers,” Benezra says, “will be the same
one that we have been struggling with: ‘What could beauty
in art be at the end of the twentieth century?’”

These two exhibitions, one in the sciences and one in the
humanities, point the way to the Smithsonian of the future, a
place committed to sharing with the public not only what
we know, but what we do not yet know, sharing the questions
we ask and the approach we take to answering them. That
Smithsonian will be a “college of discoverers” for the
twenty-first century.

Report of
the Provost

J. Dennis O’Connor

When the Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO) is launched
from the Kennedy Space Center aboard the space shuttle
Columbia \ater in 1999, the Smithsonian will be there. The
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO), a pioneer in
X-ray astronomy, played a major role in developing the
orbiting observatory and is the site of the Chandra Science
Center, which will receive and analyze information from the
spacecraft's sophisticated instruments and make it available to
the scientific community. SAO will also manage the Chandra
Operations Control Center.

The Chandra Observatory takes the Smithsonian in new,
but not surprising, directions. Since its founding, the Instirution
has been on the leading edge of research. The first Secretary,
Joseph Henry, one of the most eminent scientists of his time,
believed that the importance of the Institution was measured
by the knowledge it sent out into the world. Under his
successor Spencer Fullerton Baird, a respected naturalist and
the quintessential collector, the national collections began to
grow. The next Secretary, Samuel Pierpont Langley, an early
investigator of variable solar temperatures and the sun's corona,
was an astronomer who was also intrigued by aeronautics. The
fourth Secretary was Charles Doolittle Walcott, a geologist
and paleontologist best known for one of the greatest finds in
paleontology, the Burgess Shale.

The fact that this remarkable quartet of scientists shaped
the Smithsonian during its first century is a significant
statement about the Institution’s fundamental purpose. The
Smithsonian of Henry, Baird, Langley, and Walcott was on the
leading edge of the scientific disciplines of its time:
electricity, astronomy, aeronautics, evolution, comparative
zoology, and comparative botany.

Headed toward the millennium, the Smithsonian remains
on the leading edge. Research brings about paradigm

10

shifts—changes in the fundamental theoretical framework of a
discipline or a body of knowledge. As a result of research, a
paradigm is initiated, sustained, or refuted, or existing
observations are tested and reinterpreted based on a new
perspective.

In our museums and research institutes and in the field,
Smithsonian researchers advance knowledge in dramatically
different areas, Hundreds of intriguing examples could
illustrate the research that distinguishes the Institution. Here
are a few that suggest the immense range of interests being
pursued under its aegis:

Melinda Zeder of the National Museum of Natural
History’s Department of Anthropology has studied museum
collections of modern and archaeological bones to develop a
new technique for identifying the earliest stages of animal
domestication. She has used accelerator mass spectrometry
radiocarbon dating to directly date the earliest evidence for
the domestication of a herd animal (the goat) to 9,900 years
ago at the archaeological site of Ganj Dareh in highland
western Iran.

Wendy Wick Reaves's inquiry into early-twentieth-century
caricature in America defined a new art form closely related to
the emerging celebrity culture. Her research, which evaluated
artists’ fresh approaches to traditional caricature, resulted in
the National Portrait Gallery exhibition “Celebrity Caricature
in America” and the well-received book of the same title.

For a book manuscript titled Lost Revolutions: The South in
the 1950s, Pete Daniel, curator in the History of Technology
Division at the National Museum of American History, has
analyzed agricultural transformation, the environment, stock
car racing, music, and civil rights.

Jenny So, curator of ancient Chinese art at the Freer and
Sackler Galleries, is looking at some 1,000 pieces of jade

dating from 4000 B.C. to A.D. 1900. She is trying to determine
the location, function, and cultural uses of those pieces and
place them in a taxonomy of use throughout that period to see
what changes occurred.

Reproductive research by research veterinarian Steven
Monfort at the National Zoo’s Conservation and Research
Center in Front Royal, Virginia, could contribute to saving
the endangered scimitar-horned oryx, a species of African
antelope that is extinct in the wild. Monfort’s research team
developed new sperm freezing and artificial insemination
techniques to enhance the global genetic management of this
rare antelope.

The reports from museums and research institutes on the
following pages describe more research highlights. Together,
these reports communicate the extent and the significance of
the Smithsonian research enterprise.

In the decades ahead, rhe Smithsonian must remain on the
leading edge. The Chandra X-ray Observatory is an especially
striking example because it could change our view of the

cosmos through the power of X-ray astronomy. In other
realms, the opportunities are also compelling: the National
Museum of American History's research on the Teodoro Vidal
Collection of Puerto Rican Material Culture, the Hirshhorn
Museum and Sculpture Garden's analysis of the complex
questions of beauty in late-twentieth-century art, the
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute's important
interdisciplinary research in tropical paleontology,
archaeology, and geology.

How fortunate we are to have the legacy of Henry, Baird,
Langley, and Walcott. The Smithsonian's extraordinary research
resources are of great value in the “increase” of knowledge and in
sharing it with scholarly communities. Of equal value, however,
is the potential to carry that knowledge to the public. Using the
results of research by Smithsonian scholars in the arts, the
humanities, and the sciences, the Institution can demystify the
unfamiliar, challenge assumptions, and stimulate new ways of
thinking and understanding. That is the ultimate power of our
research tradition.

Il

Report of the
Under Secretary

Constance Berry Newman

A great strength of the Smithsonian is its emphasis on
collaboration. Many collaborative relationships join its diverse
museums, research institutes, and offices in their efforts to
fulfill a common mission. Through these relationships, each
organization preserves its distinctive qualities, while our
shared purpose becomes the driving force. Sometimes these
linkages happen with great ease, and sometimes they are hard
won. Each of them, however, enriches the Institution's
contributions to exploring new frontiers of knowledge and
sharing what is learned with scholarly communities and the
public.

Since the time of Joseph Henry, the Smithsonian's first
Secretary, the Institution has been a world-renowned center of
research, dedicated to pursuing new discoveries and expanded
knowledge, first in the sciences and later in the humanities.
The work of Smithsonian scientists and scholars is immensely
important to their colleagues throughout the world. This
annual report reviews some of their accomplishments in
wide-ranging fields of study—the revelation that Indian
forest owlets are not extinct, new knowledge about a painting
by Willem de Kooning, the recovery of a piece of the Star-
Spangled Banner, and new evidence that a black hole the size
of 3 million Suns anchors the heart of the Milky Way. The
reports on the following pages review the efforts of
Smithsonian organizations to share some of this intriguing
work with the public and to provide essential operational
support to their colleagues who are pursuing research in other
parts of che Institution.

Another important initiative underscores the sense of unity
that is so essential to the Smithsonian’s mission. Over the past
fiscal year, staff members from across the Smithsonian, under
the leadership of the director of communications, were
involved in an interesting and challenging undertaking: the

12

creation of a cohesive visual identity for the Instirution. As
the Smithsonian, like so many other institutions, faces the
challenging reality of competition for funding and for public
recognition, our success will depend in part on presenting a
unified public image. As Secretary Heyman explained, “The
Smithsonian needs to encourage greater understanding of the
totality of its activities and its mission. And this requires the
use of a uniform graphic presentation.”

On the surface, this was a design and communication
project—creating a new logo, eveloping guidelines for its use,
and then implementing the complete program in every unit.
But che project really had a larger symbolic meaning. Today's
Smithsonian—a remarkably varied group of organizations
with substantial reputations of their own—is quite different
from the Smithsonian of Joseph Henry's time. The visual
identity that emerged reminds us all that we have important
common pursuits, and that the linkages we form among
ourselves are vital to the Smithsonian's future.

The Smithsonian Associates

On the National Mall, across the nation, and around the
world, The Smithsonian Associates (TSA) offers stimulating
educational opportunities for Smithsonian members and the
larger public. This year, more than 250,000 people
participated in nearly 1,800 programs and learned directly
from experts about developments in most areas of scholarship,
from music history to astronomy, from genetics to the Civil
War.

TSA's Resident Associate Program offerings presented a
rich variety of research and scholarship to audiences in the
greater Washington area. Among the highlights was an
evening with historian John Hope Franklin, who spoke with

the Smithsonian’s Marc Pachter and Franklin’s son John
Whittington Franklin of the Center for Folklife Programs and
Cultural Studies about his research into the remarkable life
and times of his father, Buck Colbert Franklin. Culrural
historian Tad Szulc drew on his study of rare correspondence
and journals to provide new insights into Fryderyk Chopin's
years in Paris as part of a vibrant intellectual community. The
evening culminated in a performance of three of Chopin's
shorter works by concert pianist Eugene Istomin.

Two thought-provoking lectures reflected the public's
growing interest in the work of geneticists: lan Wilmut
discussing the social implications of his sheep-cloning
research and Dean Hamer explaining his exploration of the
links among genetics, personality, and behavior. Mario Livio
of the Space Telescope Science Institute conducted rwo all-day
seminars on the latest discoveries about the universe made
possible by the Hubble Space Telescope. A seminar on Ikat
textiles in Asia, held in conjunction with an exhibition at the
Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, placed these distinctive textiles in
historical context.

In Resident Associate children’s workshops, young
participants learned from scientists about their work. Dave
Bohaska of the National Museum of Natural History, for
example, led young paleobiologists on an expedition along
the Chesapeake Bay to find and analyze fossils, shark teeth,
and other treasures. The popular Smithsonian Summer Camp
opened a world of possibilities for young explorers. Sessions
included Summer Splash!, in which campers examined the
properties of liquids and their various states, and A Shocking
Good Time!, which introduced youngsters to the concepts of
electricity.

Associates expanded their study through more than 500
Smithsonian Study Tours in the United States and abroad.
This year's offerings included a one-week seminar based at the
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory’s Whipple
Observatory and the National Observatories on Kitt Peak
near Tucson, Arizona. Civil War historians Edwin C. Bearss
and A. Wilson Greene led several tours illuminating the
strategies and campaigns that determined the war's outcome
and shaped northern and southern political life into our own
time. Associates on a 10-day study voyage in Panama boarded
a small vessel to visit indigenous peoples in island
communities and explore the rainforest ecosystem with
Stanley Heckadon of the Smithsonian Tropical Research
Institute.

TSA's National Outreach Program introduced the public to
the research of Smithsonian scholars and taught graduate
students new research techniques. A Smithsonian Voices of
Discovery Program in Scottsdale, Arizona, for example,
featured the work of Gillian Moss, curator of textiles at the
Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum; James
Zimbelman, geologist at the Center for Earth and Planetary
Studies, National Air and Space Museum; Jeremy Adamson,
curator at the Renwick Gallery, National Museum of
American Art; and Andrew Connors, curator of painting at

the National Museum of American Art. Some 5,000 people
attended these events, while thousands more watched a
cablecast to classrooms and homes in the region. In addition,
TSA's Master's Degree Program in the History of Decorative
Arts, established in 1996 with the Cooper-Hewitt, National
Design Museum and Parsons School of Design, graduated its
first class this year.

Radio Theatre Live! —A Lively Partnership

In what has become an annual event, the Smithsonian's
Resident Associate Program again joined in rich partnership
with L.A. Theatre Works and Voice of America (VOA) to
present Radio Theatre Live'—three classic American dramas
thac were taped live for later broadcast on VOA worldwide
and on public radio in the United States. Under the guidance
of the artistic directors of three distinguished Washington
theater companies, the plays were performed by some of the
country’s most talented actors. Smithsonian audiences had the
added thrill of observing live radio drama in production.

The plays included Arthur Miller's A// My Sons, starring
the great Julie Harris and James Farantino and directed by
Nick Olcort of Arena Stage. Henry James's The Heiress,
starring Amy Irving, was directed by Michael Kahn of The
Shakespeare Theatre. And the musical Working, based on a
Studs Terkel book, starred Tyne Daly and was directed by Eric
Schaeffer of Signature Theatre.

Additional cosponsors of Radio Theatre Live! were the
Capital Group Companies, Inc.; J.W. Marriott; Dr. Sidney
Harman, chairman of Harman International Industries, Inc.;
The Luxury Collection/ITT Sheraton; and La Colline.

Smithsonian Press/Smithsonian Productions

Through books for general and academic audiences,
exhibition films and videos, and broadcast projects,
Smithsonian Press and Smithsonian Productions (SP/SP)
build on the strengths of Smithsonian research and collections.

This year, Smithsonian Institution Press (SIP), an SP/SP
division, issued approximately 65 new books and sold about
330,000 individual copies. Books from SIP received nine
important editorial awards, many design awards, eleven
reviews in the Washington Post Book World, and three reviews
in the New York Times Book Review.

Continuing the successful Smithsonian Answer Book series,
Bats in Question was included on the New York Public
Library’s annual list of best books in the teenage category.
Author Don Wilson is director of the National Museum of
Natural History's Biodiversity Programs Office. Other books
for a general audience included Anthropology Explored: The Best
of Smithsonian AnthroNotes, a lively selection of essays from the
Smithsonian's acclaimed serial publication edited by Ruth
Selig and Marilyn London, in which the world’s leading
anthropologists explore fundamental questions humans ask
themselves as individuals, as societies, and as a species. The

13

elegant exhibition catalogue Twelve Centuries of Japanese Art
from the Imperial Collections, copublished with the Freer
Gallery of Arc and the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery,
elaborates on the curatorial research behind the exhibition.
In collaboration with the Bureau of Land Management,
SIP published the first recreational guide to the bureau's
enormous land holdings, Beyond the National Parks: A
Recreation Guide to the Public Lands in the West.

Books for academic audiences included a posthumously
published book by Martin H. Moynihan, founding director of
the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, The Social
Regulation of Competition and Aggression in Antmals. Ecology and
Management of the North American Moose received the annual
book award in the edited book category from the Wildlife
Society. The Society of American Archaeology gave its annual
book award to volume 2 of Monte Verde: A Late Pleistocene
Settlement in Chile, by Tom Dillehay, part of the Smithsonian
Series in Archaeological Inquiry. Continuing its tradition of
excellence as a publisher in museum studies, SIP issued an
extensively revised and expanded edition of Marie Malaro’s
classic Legal Primer on Managing Museum Collections.

Many of the exhibition programs that Smithsonian
Productions developed during 1998 grew out of the
research efforts of Smithsonian museums. Highlights
include a video of Ella Fitzgerald's best performances for
“Ella Fitzgerald: First Lady of Song” at the National
Museum of American History; Poetics of Line: Seven Artists
of the Nsukka Group, a profile of contemporary African
artists produced for the National Museum of African Art;
and three videos for “Speak to My Heart: Communities of
Faich and Contemporary African American Life,” organized
by the Anacostia Museum and Center for African American
History and Culture.

Several broadcast projects also drew on solid research. “Jazz
Smithsonian,” the nationally broadcast radio series chat fearures the
Smithsonian Jazz Masterworks Orchestra and host Lena Home,
celebrated its sixth season by expanding to 13 programs. “Guitar:
Electrified, Amplified, and Deified,” produced for the National
Museum of American History's Jerome and Dorothy Lemelson
Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation and aired
nationwide on public radio, traced the musical impact of the
electric guitar.

Smithsonian Contributions and
Studies Series Program

In scholarly communities, it is firmly held that individual
research has little benefit to society unless it is published.
This fundamental principle was wisely reflected in the
Institution's original mandate not only to increase knowledge
but, equally important, to diffuse it.

The Smithsonian's first Secretary emphasized publication as
a means of diffusing knowledge. In his formal plan for the
Institution, Joseph Henry proposed to “publish a series of
reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science,

14

and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of
knowledge.”

This commitment to publishing has been honored through
the years in the publication of thousands of titles issued in
various serial publications under the Smithsonian imprint,
beginning with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in
1848 and continuing today with the nine monograph series
published by the Smithsonian Contributions and Studies
Series Program.

Highly regarded in this country and around the world, the
nine series include reports on the results of scientific,
technical, and historical research conducted by Smithsonian
staff, as well as reports on the Institution's collections. This
program is one of the few avenues in which Smithsonian
researchers and their collaborating colleagues can publish
large monographs and major revisionary works, which are
often profusely illustrated. Most of these works are too large
to be considered by journals, which typically publish short
articles. The nine series are Anthropology, Botany, Earth
Sciences, Marine Sciences, Paleobiology, Zoology, Folklife
Studies, Air and Space, and History and Technology. The
publications in each series are distributed by mailing lists to
libraries, research institutions, government agencies, and
individual scholars throughout the world.

In addition to providing high-quality editorial assistance,
the program's staff editors typeset and design the monographs
and provide camera-ready pages to the printer. This year, the
program published 18 monographs, including a Thesaurus of
Sponge Morphology and a two-volume work on the Systematics
and Biogeography of Cephalopods.

Smithsonian Magazine

For 2 million readers, Smithsonian magazine is a respected link
to the multifaceted world of the Smithsonian. Articles about
research in the sciences, the arts, and the humanities, both inside
and outside the Institution, are regular features in the magazine.
This year, readers leamed about the Smithsonian Astrophysical
Observatory’s creation of an X-ray sensor for the new space
telescope known as the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility
(later renamed the Chandra X-ray Observatory) and curator
Wendy Wick Reaves’ work on the National Portrait Gallery
exhibition “Celebrity Caricature in America.” Other articles
focused on subjects as varied as freshwater mussels, the history of
fountains, the causes of back pain, coral reefs, and objects from
the California gold rush. Michael Kernan, who explores the
Smithsonian in his column “Around the Mall and Beyond,” took
readers behind the scenes for, among other things, a look ar
collection storage and laboratories at che Museum Support
Center, a visit to the archives of the National Museum of
American History's Engineering and Industry Collection; a
conversation with Richard Fiske, director of the Global
Volcanism Program at the National Museum of Natural History;
and a visit to the archives of the National Museum of American
History's Engineering and Industry Collection.

Smithsonian Businesses

A Smithsonian Frog Lab, a piece of Art Nouveau glass, a
CD-ROM on American art—each says something to the
consumer about the Smithsonian’s mission as a leading
research and educational instirution. In turn, merchandise
like this—sold in museum shops, through the Smithsonian
Catalogue, or in retail stores through licensing
agreements—generates revenue that is critical to the
Institution's financial base and benefits its many programs,
including research.

This year, Smithsonian Museum Shop sales exceeded
$36 million, a 9 percent increase over fiscal year 1997.
Exhibition-related shops remained popular, especially at the
National Air and Space Museum, where “Star Wars: The
Magic of Myth” inspired the most successful temporary shop
ever. The “Jewels of Lalique” shop in the International
Gallery featured glass jewelry and giftware from Lalique and
an assortment of products that reflected René Lalique’s
influence in art and nature.

The Smithsonian Catalogue enjoyed record sales of nearly
$35 million, a Io percent increase over last fiscal year. In
April, the Catalogue opened its new 125,000-square-foot
fulfillment center near Dulles Airport in Chantilly, Virginia.
Sales resulting from the mailing of 18 million catalogues last
year overwhelmed the capacity of the previous, much smaller,
location. With the move, the Catalogue plans to increase the
number of packages shipped annually from 442,000 to
740,000.

The new facility is home to the Catalogue’s call center, as
well as purchasing, accounting, human resources, information
systems, shipping, receiving, and inventory control
operations. The large inventory of holiday ornaments,
neckties, furniture, and other items inspired by Smithsonian
collections is received and processed there and then shipped to
customers around the world.

Licensing agreements also help fund research initiatives. In
1998, more than 65 percent of the available royalties revenue
went to collection or programmatic endeavors, including
research. As a result of the revenue-sharing system, for example,
the Smithsonian Institution Libraries supplemented its
General Support Endowment, which addresses the Libraries’
needs and strengthens its capacity as an accessible research
resource.

Some of the children’s retail products developed by
licensees reflect the Smithsonian's position as a leading
research institution. With the Smithsonian Anatomy Lab and
the Smithsonian Frog Lab, for example, young scientists
explore anatomical systems and their interaction with their
environments. The labs, sold in stores throughout North
America, were created by Product Development and
Licensing and Natural Science Industries in conjunction with
the National Museum of Natural History's Department of
Anthropology and the National Zoological Park's
Department of Pathology.

Office of Public Affairs

This year, Director of Communications David J. Umansky
and staff in the Office of Public Affairs (OPA) began
implementing the Secretary's new visual identity program,
designed by Ivan Chermayeff of Chermayeff & Geismar in
New York City. The foundation of the program is a new logo,
used with a sunburst symbol, that links the Smithsonian
name with each museum, research institute, and office.

A major effort in implementing the visual identity was the
preparation, printing, and distribution of the Smithsonian
Design Guidelines, which governs use of the logo by staff and
outside designers and printers. By the end of the fiscal year,
the new identity was in place on many Smithsonian products,
including stationery, Web sites, brochures, and reports.

A public service ad campaign put the Smithsonian in the
public eye this year. The ad featured Larry Fuente’s colorful
Game Fish, from the Renwick Gallery's collection, with the
line “Ever wonder who decides what the Smithsonian keeps?”
Ic ran in TV Guide, Latina, the New Yorker, Elle Decor, and
other magazines in free space provided to nonprofit
organizations such as the Smithsonian. The ad received the
Addy 98 Citation of Excellence from the Advertising Club of
Washington, D.C.

Extensive media coverage followed the announcement of
a three-year conservation project for the Star-Spangled
Banner. The project is part of the White House
Millennium Council’s Save America’s Treasures initiative,
launched at the National Museum of American History
on July 13 by President Bill Clinton and First Lady Hillary
Rodham Clinton. OPA handled all media for the event and
videotaped the ceremony.

OPA produced a 16-minute video for television news
producers with exterior views of the museums and the
National Mall, as well as shots of famous artifacts, including
the Star-Spangled Banner. The staff also developed and
produced a seven-minute film about education at the
Smithsonian to be used by the Office of Membership and
Development and other offices.

Two brochures in OPA’s Resources series were updated this
year: Native American Resources at the Smithsonian and African
and African American Resources at the Smithsonian. The
brochures are intended for teachers, students, and researchers
interested in exploring Smithsonian collections, databases,
publications, and other resources.

OPA also reestablished a full-time staff position this year to
publicize and promote research at the Institution.

A Unified Visual Identity for the Smithsonian

The Smithsonian's first logo, in 1847, was James Smithson’s
profile. Symbols of enlightenment followed: a globe and
torches of knowledge in the late nineteenth century and then,
in 1966, the sunburst. Over the years, the museums, research
institutes, and offices developed their own visual identities.

15

After the 15oth anniversary celebration and looking toward
the new century, Secretary I. Michael Heyman felt the time
was right to create a unified visual identity for the Institution.
It was clear, he wrote in Smithsonian magazine, that “knowing
who we are and being able to communicate that identity
clearly and confidently to the public is best achieved in a
single graphic representing both our sum and our parts.”

The choice was the sunburst, linking the Smithsonian's
history with its fucure. Chermayeff & Geismar, Inc., of New
York designed the updated sunburst and logotype and created
design guidelines to help implement the new visual identity
program throughout the Institution.

Building a strong corporate identity is standard practice in
the business world. For the Smithsonian, the challenges are
similar. “If we are to be successful in attracting the support we
need, now and into the next century, to sustain our multiple
departments, activities, and service to our audiences,” the
Secretary wrote, “the Smithsonian must express those needs
with one voice, with one image.”

As the sunburst logo continues to appear on stationery,
Web sites, publications, and product packaging, a stronger
public image of a multifaceted institution dedicated to
knowledge is emerging.

Visitor Information and Associates’ Reception Center

The Visitor Information and Associates’ Reception Center
(VIARC) supports both public access to Smithsonian research
and the work of the Insticution’s scholars and scientists. This
year, 5,684 volunteers contributed 495,541 hours of service as
docents, volunteer information specialists, and staff assistants
behind the scenes, as well as in other volunteer activities that
help the Smithsonian fulfill its mission.

An important example of VIARC’s contributions is the
Behind-the-Scenes Volunteer Program, which places
volunteers as research assistants to staff on subjects as varied as
the Smithsonian itself. VIARC also administers the Public
Inquiry Mail and Telephone Information Service, which
provides a central point for public contact about the
Institution's work. Collectively, mail and phone inquiries
number 400,000 annually, many of which are specific to the
Institution's research activities.

Hundreds of thousands of visitors are exploring the
Institution's research resources online through the electronic
“Encyclopedia Smithsonian” (http://www. si.edu/resourcelfaq/
start.btm), developed and maintained by VIARC on the
Smithsonian Web site. “Encyclopedia Smithsonian” also
presents fact sheets and recommended reading lists prepared
by the Public Inquiry Mail Service in cooperation with
curatorial and research divisions.

Research Volunteers

Working with museum and research institute staff on
everything from aviation history to threatened plants of Latin

16

America, volunteers in the Visitor Information and Associates’
Reception Center's Behind-the-Scenes Volunteer Program
actively contribute to the Smithsonian's research efforts. At
the National Portrait Gallery, the range of volunteer research
projects illustrates just how valuable volunteer participation
can be.

In the Painting and Sculpture Department, Philippe
Newton, a retired engineering executive and a painter, has
spent the past four years doing research for assistant curator
Brandon Fortune in preparation for the exhibition “Franklin
and His Friends: Portraying the Man of Science in
Eighteenth-Century America,” which opens in April 1999.
“He has researched everything from the transits of Venus to
bee keeping,” Fortune says, even taking time during a
personal trip to London to study some 18th-century
manuscripts at the Natural History Museum.

For an exhibition of portraits by photographer Hans
Namuth, also opening in April, volunteer Christopher Saks
searched the National Archives, locating information that
other researchers had not found. “He deserves a lot of credit
for his diligence and perseverance, and especially for his skill
at using the Archives,” says Carolyn Carr, exhibition curator
and the gallery's deputy director.

Elsewhere in the Portrait Gallery, Mary Skow and Joseph
Phillips volunteer with the Charles Willson Peale Papers
project. Their research runs the gamut from tracking down
basic biographical information to more complex activities.
They summarize and transcribe manuscript letters of Peale
family members, for example, and then research specific
aspects of the letters’ contents. For the Catalog of American
Portraits, Sylvia Lee is involved in a variety of tasks, from
verifying information about portraits in public and private
collections, to data entry, to answering research requests.

Volunteers working on research-related projects are among the
1,240 behind-the-scenes volunteers who contributed 176,128
hours of their time to the Smithsonian during fiscal year 1998.

Office of Government Relations

The Office of Government Relations, with Donald L. Hardy
as its new director, oversaw a successful legislative agenda to
enact personnel protections for Smithsonian employees and
secure funding to update and expand the Institution's
transportation collections, exhibitions, and public
programming. Supporting the Smithsonian's priority to make
its collections and programs more accessible to the public,
Government Relations staff coordinated discussions,
demonstrations, and tours for members of Congress and their
staffs. The goal was to enlist their support for making the
Smithsonian the nation’s virtual museum and research
complex.

In collaboration with educators and with Smithsonian
museums, research instirutes, and offices, the Office of
Government Relations placed special emphasis on bringing
Smithsonian resources to the classroom.

Operations

Those involved in the Smithsonian’s research activities on the
Nationa! Mall and around the world depend on the
centralized services provided by Washington-based finance,
administration, facilities, and information technology staff.
This year was no exception, as offices in the administrative
area continued to provide a reliable, effective support system
for their colleagues throughout the Institution.

A number of activities recognized the Smithsonian's
dedicated staff. The annual Unsung Heroes awards,
coordinated by the Ombudsman, honored employees
nominated by their colleagues for their exemplary service.
The Office of Equal Employment and Minority Affairs
presented the fourth annual Excellence in Equal Opportunity
awards to four employees for their accomplishments in
making equal opportunity a reality. The Office of Human
Resources introduced open houses for Smithsonian employees
who work outside Washington, beginning with an event in
New York City at the National Museum of the American
Indian.

Two major construction projects were completed this year:
the National Museum of the American Indian's (NMAI'’s) new
Cultural Resources Center in Suitland, Maryland, and the
renovation and expansion of the Cooper-Hewitt, National
Design Museum. The 145,000-square-foot NMAI facility is a
support center for the museum and its collection. Ic features a
resource center, conservation laboratories, repatriation offices,
indoor and outdoor ceremonial areas, and collection storage.
Objects now stored in the museum's Research Branch in the
Bronx, New York, will be moved to the center over the next
five years. At the Cooper-Hewitt, a multiphase project to
transform the museum's landmark structures into an
accessible museum facility involved renovating three historic
buildings, installing an upgraded climate control system, and
creating the new Design Resource Center linked to the

museum's historic Andrew Carnegie Mansion by the new
Agnes Bourne Bridge Gallery.

Other renovation and expansion projects moved ahead this
year throughout the Institution, coordinated by the Facilities
division. They included the East and West Court projects at the
National Museum of Natural History; plans for renovation of the
historic U.S. Patent Office Building, home of the National
Museum of American Art and the National Portrait Gallery; the
renovation of the National Air and Space Museum and planning
for the museum's Dulles Center; and the design of the Narional
Museum of the American Indian's Mall museum. Ground was
broken for a major research laboratory for the Smithsonian
Marine Station in Fort Pierce, Florida.

Several offices analyzed and improved the efficiency of
systems that serve the entire Smithsonian. The Finance
division, for example, led an Institution-wide team to study
indirect cost issues, resulting in a 50 percent reduction in the
indirect cost rate used in financial planning and management.
The division also initiated several projects to improve
financial systems, including a new time-and-attendance data
entry system and more flexible software for developing and
issuing financial reports. The Office of Planning,
Management, and Budget continues to develop and refine its
automated system for improving resource planning and
management. The office has also developed an integrated
electronic budget management database.

Technical assistance from the Office of Information
Technology (OIT) helps the Smithsonian keep pace with
rapid developments in information and communication
technology. This year, for example, OIT advised Smithsonian
art museums in the selection and installation of a new
collections information system known as The Museum System
(TMS). With the Office of the Provost, OIT is designing a
system to provide searchable public access to collections
information from the museums, the Smithsonian Institution
Libraries, and the Smithsonian Institution Archives.

Report of the
Board of Regents

Secretary Heyman and the Regents’ committees contributed
substantially to the Board of Regents’ accomplishments ar its
three meetings on January 26, May 11, and September 14,
1998. At the Seprember meeting, the board voted to designate
Esteban E. Torres as a Regent Emeritus, with all the rights
and responsibilities thereof, effective upon his retirement from
the U.S. House of Representatives.

The Regents continued their practice of meeting as a
Committee of the Whole on the afternoons preceding each
meeting. In these sessions, they reviewed selected museum
operations and advisory board activities, consulting with the
directors and board representatives of the Freer and Sackler
Galleries, the National Museum of the American Indian, and
the National Museum of American History. In addition, the
Regents discussed in depth such issues as Smithsonian
capital campaign planning, Smithsonian business
initiatives, and strategies for fulfilling facilities needs. Our
of these discussions, the Regents authorized undertaking a
national fund-raising campaign, establishing a special business
organization within the Smithsonian, and appointing an ad
hoc Committee on Facilities.

The Audit and Review Committee met three times during
the year and continued to exercise its primary responsibility
for oversight of the Smithsonian’s financial operations. The
committee discussed KPMG Peat Marwick’s report on fiscal
year 1997 transactions and considered the Smithsonian
Inspector General's semiannual reports to Congress. The
committee also considered a study on enhancing business
activities, reviewed cash management and pledge collection
policies and procedures, and discussed both Year 2000
computer problems and the Regents’ policy on the rotation
of independent auditors.

18

The Investment Policy Committee also met three times.
The committee monitored the investment managers’
development of the Institution's endowment, rebalanced the
portfolio, and evaluated the managers’ performance. In
addition, the committee recommended a total-rerurn payout
rate for fiscal year 1999 and proposed a plan for meeting the
financial needs of the first two years of the Smithsonian's
capital campaign out of endowment funds. The Regents
appointed Smithsonian National Board vice-chair Frank A.
Weil to the Investment Policy Committee, and the committee
was saddened by the passing of irs member Thomas Keresey.

At each of their meetings, the Regents considered
comprehensive financial reports. They approved the trust and
federal expenditures for fiscal year 1999 and the request to the
Office of Management and Budget for fiscal year 2000
appropriations.

The Regents also discussed how exhibition topics are
selected and developed at the Smithsonian and were briefed
on the Institution's highly respected security operations that
safeguard collections and people.

Through the Secretary's reports at their meetings, the
Regents were informed about the design and implementation
of a uniform visual identity for the Smithsonian. In
accordance with the new institutional logo, the Regents
adopted a new seal effective August 10, 1998. The Secretary's
reports also informed the Regents about the Star-Spangled
Banner Preservation Project and the difficulties emanating
from the contract for architectural services for the National
Museum of the American Indian. Under the Secretary's
initiative, congressional members of the board supported
legislation to gain coverage for the Institution under Title VII
of the Civil Rights Act, the Rehabiliration Act, and the Age

Discrimination Act. The congressional Regents also sought
statutory authority for the Board of Regents to enlarge the
membership of its advisory boards for the purpose of
increasing their ability to raise support for the Smithsonian's
museums.

Among their many actions, the Regents affirmed their
intention to construct the National Air and Space Museum
Dulles Center as soon as possible, approved the acquisition of
land in support of Smithsonian research programs, and agreed
to endow Smithsonian marine research out of the Seward
Johnson Trust for Oceanography.

The Regents established two advisory bodies: the board of
the National Air and Space Museum Dulles Center and an
advisory board for the Anacostia Museum and Center for
African American History and Culture. In addition, the
Regents approved bylaws for the Visiting Committees of the
Arthur M. Sackler Gallery and the Freer Gallery of Art and
bylaws amendments for the Smithsonian National Board.

The Board of Regents made the following appointments
and reappointments to Smithsonian advisory boards: Carolyn S.
Blount, Sylvia A. Earle, Jane B. Eisner, Patricia Frost,

Nely Galan, Bert Getz, Paul Hertelendy, Dona Kendall,
Marie L. Knowles, Marc E. Leland, John D. Macomber,
Elizabeth S. MacMillan, Holly Madigan, Michael McBride,
Kenneth B. Miller, John M. Nelson, Joan Noto, Clemmie
Dixon Spangler, and Kelso Sutton to the Smithsonian
National Board; Rita Fraad, William G. Kerr, Henry Luce II,
Peter Lunder, Richard J. Schwartz, Ferdinand T. Stent, and
Wesley S. Williams Jr. to the Commission of the National
Museum of American Art; David C. Driskell, Frances
Humphrey Howard, and Robert H. Nooter to the Commission
of the National Museum of African Art; Todd Axelrod,
Richard Carrion, Thad Cochran, Jerry Florence, Dorothy
Lemelson, and James Mellor to the National Museum of
American History Board; Kenneth E. Behring, William H.
Frist, Arthur Gray Jr., John S. Hendricks, Stanley Ikenberry,
Jean Lane, Robert Malott, Jeffery W. Meyer, Nancy R. Morin,
David Pilbeam, Paul G. Risser, Alan Spoon, and Milton H.
Ward to the National Museum of Natural History Board;
James Block, Ellsworth Brown, Eloise Cobell, Jorge Flores
Ochoa, Catherine Fowler, Doug George, Luci Tapahonso,
Bernie Whitebear, and Phyllis Young to the Board of Trustees
of the National Museum of the American Indian; Robert A.
Bartlett, Edith A. Cecil, Jeannine Smith Clark, Elizabeth
Frazier, Laura Howell, Alberta Kelly, William Ramsey,
Jeffrey R. Short Jr., and Henry Strong to the Advisory Board
of the National Zoological Park; Thomas Alexander and
Henry Hartsfield Jr. to the Council of Philatelists of the
National Postal Museum; Charlotte N. Castle, Shirley M.
Gifford, Rosemary Livingston Ripley, and Frank A. Weil to
the Smithsonian Institution Libraries Board; Agnes Bourne,

Anne Ehrenkranz, Barbara Riley Levin, Richard Meier, Enid
Morse (Honorary Life Trustee), and Harry G. Robinson III to
the Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum Board of
Trustees; James R. Cargill II, Dollie A. Cole, Morton Funger,
Robert James, Walter H. Leimert Jr., Adrienne Bevis Mars,
Thomas G. Morr, Donald B. Rice, Clive Runnells, John Safer,
Carrington Williams, and Daniel W. Yohannes to the
National Air and Space Museum Dulles Center National
Board; Kurt Gitter and Elizabeth ten Groetenhuis to the
Freer Gallery of Art Visiting Committee; and Robert
Feinberg to the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Visiting
Committee.

Staff Changes

Government Relations Director M. John Berry left the
Smithsonian during fiscal year 1998 to become assistant
secretary for management and budget at the U.S. Department
of the Interior. In January, after an extensive search, the
Institution was pleased to welcome Donald L. Hardy as
director of government relations. Hardy had served as chief
of staff to Senator Alan K. Simpson (R-Wyoming) and
became well acquainted with the Institution during

Senator Simpson's tenure as a Smithsonian Regent.

In August, Refugio I. (“Will”) Rochin, former director of
the Julian Samora Research Institute at Michigan Strate
University, became the founding director of the Smithsonian
Center for Latino Initiatives. Earlier in the year, counselor to
the Provost Franklin S. Odo established the Program for
Asian Pacific American Studies.

Ross B. Simons was named director of the Smithsonian
Environmental Research Center in addition to his duties as
associate director for research and collections at the National
Museum of Natural History. Michael Sofield was appointed
director of the Office of Physical Plant, and Rex Ellis left his
position as director of the Center for Museum Studies to
become chairman of the Division of Cultural History in the
National Museum of American History. Regrettably, Leslie
Casson Stevens resigned from her position as comptroller to
pursue other interests, and Daniel H. Goodwin retired from
the directorship of Smithsonian Press/Smithsonian
Productions.

The Smithsonian was supported throughout the year by a
loyal and dedicated staff. While some may go and will be
missed, the Institution has always been fortunate to attract
highly talented individuals to serve in their stead. The result
is an ever-productive group of professionals, aided in almost
every endeavor by spirited volunteers and guided by
increasingly involved members of the advisory boards and the
Board of Regents.

19

Chronology

Fall and Summer 1997

@ Rediscovery Unraveling a tangle of falsified
scientific data from the early twentieth century,
Natural History ornithologist Dr. Pamela Rasmussen
and two colleagues found and videotaped a pair of
Indian forest owlets from a species long believed
extinct. Rasmussen videotaped that encounter—the
first between Athene blewitti and scientists in 113
years—and later returned to India to record its dis-
tinctive call. Rasmussen and her colleagues have
helped launch a project with the Bombay Natural
History Society to survey and study the

owlet.

October

@ Publication An umbrella case statement for the
Institution’s first-ever national capital campaign
was drafted and distributed for review by the Office
of the Executive Director for Development to board
members, museum directors, and SI development
professionals.

October

@ Meeting The Office of Membership and Develop-
ment welcomed the Smithsonian National Board to
Washington, D.C., for the board’s annual meeting. The
board also held its spring meeting April 1998.

20

October

@ Collections System With the five other Smithsonian
art museums, the National Museum of African Art ac-
quired a collections information system. The software,
known as The Museum System, allows staff to manage
transactions and information and, ultimately, to give
scholars and the public electronic access to the collection.

October

@ Exhibition
Traditions” opened at the George Gustav Heye Center
on October 19. Presenting 40 North American and

“To Honor and Comfort: Native Quilting

Hawaiian quilts together for the first time, the exhibi-
tion illustrated the similarities and differences in the
history and meaning of quilts within diverse Native
communities.

October

@ Special Event The Office of Equal Employment and
Minority Affairs orchestrated the fourth annual
Secretary's Award Program for Excellence in Equal Op-
portunity in collaboration with the Secretary's Office
and the SI Equal Opportunity Advisory Council. Several
outstanding managers and employees were recognized
for exceptional contributions to the Smithsonian’s Equal
Opportunity goals and honored before their peers and
hundreds of Smithsonian employees.

October

™ Construction The Office of Contracting negotiated
and awarded a contract to William V. Walsh to replace
the roof of the Patent Office Building. (NMAA/NPG)
This is one of the early contracts for the total restoration
of the Patent Office Building.

October

= Exhibition/Sponsorship “The Art of Jack Delano”
premiered—to critical accolades—in October 1997 at
the Rafael Carrion Pacheco Exhibit Hall in the Banco
Popular headquarters in Old San Juan. Banco Popular,
also the exhibition national corporate sponsor, made pos-
sible the exhibition’s mainland debut at the Smithson-
ian International Gallery by sponsoring the exhibition's
opening reception. Following its showing in Washing-
ton, the exhibition traveled to the Museo del Barrio in
New York City.

October 1

B Exhibit Opens The Zoo’s refurbished Great Cats
exhibit opened October 1. Second-graders from
Alexandria’s Bucknell School cut the ribbon. A
grant from Save the Tiger Fund paid in part for
the renovations.

October 1

= Electronic Journals
Libraries brought 177 full-text journals online and

The Smithsonian Institution

made them available to its users in the Institution
through an agreement between Academic Pub-
lishers and the Chesapeake Information and Research
Library Alliance, of which the Libraries is a founding
member.

October 1

® Curators Installed Leslie K. Overstreet assumed the
position of Smithsonian Institution Libraries’ Curator of
Natural History Rare Books scheduled to open in 2001.
Ms. Overstreet is involved in the planning and develop-
ment of the new Natural History Rare Book Library. Mrs.
Jefferson Patterson contributed funds to support this posi-
tion for the first three years. In June 1998 Ron Brashear be-
came the Curator of Rare Books in the History of Science
and Technology. Mr. Brashear serves researchers working
in the Dibner Library of the History of Science and Tech-
nology. Both Ms. Overstreet and Mr. Brashear are in the
Libraries’ Special Collections Department.

October 7

§ Public Program “Smithsonian Honors Queen of
Salsa” —Celia Cruz, the undisputed Queen of Salsa,
received the National Museum of American History
Programa Latino Lifetime Achievement Award for Excel-
lence in Music. Ms. Cruz donated one of her world-
renowned costumes to the museum and during a public
oral history session, reflected upon her career, the chang-
ing nature of the Latin music business, and the role of
women in the Latin music business.

October 7

B Exhibition
“As Precious As Gold” exhibition examining the gold

The National Postal Museum opened the

rush and the struggle of the Post Office Department to
ensure that stampeders received adequate mail service.

October 9

@ Exhibition
plores the three categories of crimes investigated by the
US. Postal Inspection Service, the nation’s oldest con-

“Mayhem by Mail,” an exhibition that ex-

sumer protection agency, opened at the National Postal
Museum.

October 9

@ Exhibition and Programs Introducing biblical scenes,
nudes, portraits, allegories, and landscapes by a mid-
twentieth-century British artist (1891-1959) whose paint-
ings are highly celebrated in England but little
exhibited or studied abroad, “Stanley Spencer: An
English Vision” opened at the Hirshhorn Museum and
Sculpture Garden. Coorganized by Hirshhorn Director
James T. Demetrion and Andrea Rose of the British
Council in London, the show generated a Sunday-after-
noon lecture series (October 12~-November 16) exploring
Spencer's work from four distinct perspectives: an over-
view by Director Duncan Robinson of the Fitzwilliam
Museum in Cambridge; the artist’s milieu by curator
Judith Collins of the Tate Gallery in London; his
religious themes by Professor Nicholas P. Woltersdorff
of the Yale University Divinity School; and his impact
on later artists by Director Hugh Davies of the Museum
of Contemporary Art in San Diego. British writer Fiona
MacCarthy contributed an essay to a fully illustrated
195-page catalog, and the show received major funding
support from Howard and Roberta Ahmanson,
Fieldstead and Company. After closing in Washington
on January 11, 1998, the exhibition traveled to the
Centro Cultural/Arte Contempordneo in Mexico City
(February 19—May 10, 1998) and the California Palace of
the Legion of Honor, Fine Arts Museums of San Francis-
co (June 8-September 6, 1998).

October 11-December 7
@ Exhibition “Wade in the Water: African American
Sacred Music Traditions’—Collaboratively developed
between the National Museum of American History
and the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibit Ser-
vice, “Wade in the Water” examined how the legacy of
music sung during slavery and the development of the
worship practices of America’s black churches during
the nineteenth and twentieth centuries has contributed

2I

to the African American heritage and to making this
music a worldwide cultural force.

October 14

@ Public Program Justice Sandra Day O’Connor, the
first woman appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court,
spoke about her life, personal philosophy, and hoped-for
legacy in an interview program conducted by veteran
Washington broadcast journalist Maureen Bunyan and
presented by The Smithsonian Associates’ Resident As-
sociate Program.

October 18

@ Special Event The Office of Membership and
Development organized the Smithsonian Benefactors
Circle Dinner to recognize and honor those individuals
whose gifts, over their lifetimes, have preserved the
traditions of the Smithsonian and furthered its vision.
At the October 1997 dinner, Herbert and Evelyn Axel-
rod received the Circle’s annual award for their support
including endowment gifts for a revolving chair in the
Department of Fishes at the Natural History Museum,
and for the Chamber Music Program of the American
History Museum’s Cultural History Department.

October 19

= Exhibition and Publication The SITES exhibition
“Seeing Jazz” premiered at the International Gallery.
The book, also entitled Seeing Jazz, published for the
premiere, complemented and expanded on the themes
of the exhibition, including more artworks and literary
selections. As part of its national tour, select works from
the exhibition were shown at The Jazz Gallery in New
York City on February 22, 1998. The New York City
Host Committee brought the exhibition there as part of
city-planned events for the Grammy Awards. Support
for the exhibition was provided by America’s Jazz
Heritage, A Partnership of the Leila-Wallace-Reader's
Digest Fund and the Smithsonian Institution.

October 20-23

® Collecting The Archives of American Art held a four-
day meeting of all regional collectors from around the
country at the Washington Center. The meeting
provided an opportunity for Washington staff to meet
and discuss a wide variety of Archives’ issues with collec-

22

tors from New York, New England, the Southeast, and
the West Coast.

October 22-April 26

w Exhibition The National Museum of African Art
opened the Sylvia H. Williams Gallery, the first per-
manent gallery to be devoted to modern African art in a
U.S. museum, reflecting the museum’s expanded mis-
sion to collection and display of modern African art.
The gallery's inaugural exhibition, “The Poetics of Line:
Seven Artists of the Nsukka Group,” featured 64 paint-
ings, drawings, prints, wood sculptures, and mixed-
media works by seven Nigerian artists connected to the
Department of Fine and Applied Arts at the University
of Nigeria. In conjunction with the exhibition, the
museum organized a symposium with the seven
fearured artists and leading scholars from Africa,
Europe, and the United States who explored Nsukka
art and related the artists’ work to the larger contem-
porary art scene in Nigeria and throughout the world.

October 23-May 12

= Exhibition “Oil from the Arctic: Building the Trans-
Alaska Pipeline” at the National Museum of American
History examined the engineering, economic, cultural,
and environmental issues involved in building the 800-
mile-long Trans-Alaska Pipeline. A 21-foot section of
the pipeline was placed on display.

October 23

§ Outreach The National Science Resources Center par-
ticipated in the 1998 Smithsonian Office of Education’s
Teachers Night. Staff handed out thousands of informa-
tion packets about the curriculum materials and out-
reach and leadership developments programs of the
National Science Resources Center.

October 23

The Smithsonian Accessibility Pro-
gram presented a training session titled “Service
Animals Welcome at the Smithsonian.” The session was

8 Training Seminar

offered to accessibility liaisons, Office of Protection Ser-
vices staff, and all staff responsible for working with the
public. Presenting the session were speakers from the
Delta Society National Service Dog Center and the U.S.
Department of Justice’s Disability Rights Section.

October 24

= Public Program The Smithsonian Associates, in as-
sociation with the Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz,
presented the Thelonious Monk International Jazz
Trumpet Competition. British musician Darren Barrett
took first prize in the contest.

October 25

= Donation The National Zoo receives a $32,400
donation from Enron Corp. to support Asian elephant
research. The funds will support to Malaysian Elephant
Satellite Tracking System, run jointly by the Conserva-
tion and Research Center and the Malaysian Wildlife
Department.

October 26—January 31

= Exhibit “About Faces” at the National Museum of
American History explored how the application of
medical research to everyday life in the past 50 years has
changed our perception and understanding of the way
we look.

October 29

= Endowment Established The Smithsonian Institution
Libraries established The Wineland Research Library
Endowment in conjunction with the purchase of the
Lloyd and Charlotte Wineland Collection of Native
American and Western Exploration Literature. Income
from this endowment will support projects, exhibitions
and public outreach, and study and research in collec-
tions relating to the fields of Native American and
Western Exploration literature. A reception was held to
recognize the establishment of the endowment.

October 29

= Special Event The Smithsonian Associates awarded
the James Smithson Bicentennial Medal to filmmaker
George Lucas for his contributions to the advancement
of the art of motion pictures.

November and May

§ Acquisitions Several major acquisitions will be the
focus of further research and future exhibitions. They in-
clude a selection of 14 sculptures from Central and East
Africa and a rare Mbete reliquary figure from Gabon;

two fine Urhobo and Igbo figures from Nigeria; the
artist's book Emandulo, Re-Creation, created in Johannes-
burg, South Africa; and a sculpture, The Ancestors Con-
verged Again, by Ghanaian artist El Anatsui.

November

8 Film Festival The National Museum of the
American Indian presented its biennial Native
American Film and Video Festival at the Heye Center.
The festival offered free screenings of 70 films, videos,
tadio programs, and multimedia products by in-
digenous media makers from North America and Latin
America.

November

= Program The Center for Museum Studies, in col-
laboration with the Fundacion Antorchas and the
University of Buenos Aires, concludes a professional
development training project, based in Argentina,
designed to ensure that the cultural patrimony of South
American museums will not disappear as a result of
neglect or lack of resources.

November 2

= Program The 1997 Mordes Lecture in Contemporary
Art, made possible by Board of Trustees member Mar-
vin Mordes of Baltimore and his wife, Elayne, featured
the observations of New York Times art critic Roberta
Smith, who titled her talk “On Becoming and Remain-
ing a Critic.” The annual Mordes lecture was one high-
light in a year of stimulating public programs,
including ongoing “First Friday,” “Young at Art,”
“Young Artists,” and “New Voices” talks and programs,
writers’ workshops, and the popular independent film
series. With the arrival in June of Linda Powell, former-
ly of the Kimbell Museum in Fort Worth, Texas, as
Education Program Director, the Hirshhorn looked
ahead to further expansion and innovation in its public
programs.

November 3-14

8 International Workshop The Smithsonian Center for
Materials Research and Education staff organized and
conducted a two-week course on “Preservation of Paper-
Based Collections and Archives,” at the Museo de Bellas
Artes in Caracas, Venezuela. Financially supported by
the U.S. Information Agency and the SI-150 Commit-

tee, and organized in collaboration with the Galeria de
Arte Nacional and the Bibliotheca Nacional in Caracas,
the course attracted 17 Venezuelan museum professionals.

November 6

The Smithsonian Ac-
cessibility Program presented information on the ap-
plication of Universal Design principles in museums to

® International Technical Assistance

a group of accessibility professionals from Yamaguchi
Prefecture in Japan.

November 7—July 12

a Exhibition “George C. Marshall: Soldier of Peace”
was on view at the National Portrait Gallery. The show
was organized to mark the soth anniversary of the Mar-
shall Plan to restore stability and prosperity to Europe.
It traced the career of George Marshall from his
childhood and entry into the military to his distin-
guished service as Harry Truman's Secretary of State and
following its viewing at the Gallery, traveled to the
George C. Marshall Foundation in Lexington, Virginia.
Curator for the show was historian James G. Barber.

November 7

8 Exhibition “Vida y Costumbres de un Pueblo
Precolombino” (“Life and Customs of a Pre-Columbian
Village”), an exhibit produced by the Tropical Research
Institute with the collaboration of Panama’s Institute of
Culture, opened at the Museo de la Nacionalidad, in la
Villa de Los Santos, Panama.

November 8

"Gift Californian businessman and philanthropist
Kenneth E. Behring and his family made a gift of $20
million to the National Museum of Natural History, at
that time the largest donation made to a Smithsonian
museum. The Behring gift will enable the museum to
update its Rotunda and Hall of Mammals and create
two new programs to promote the understanding of
mammals and how they live in the wild.

November II

= Exhibition “Blue Guitars”—An exhibit opens at the
National Museum of American History of 22 blue
archtop guitars selected from the collection of Scott
Chinery. Each guitar was commissioned by the collector

24

who challenged the world’s leading luthiers to expand
their limits, become more innovative, and move in new
directions in constructing guitars.

November 12

8 Special Event The Smithsonian Associates awarded
the James Smithson Bicentennial Medal to John Hope
Franklin in recognition of his outstanding achievements
as a historian of American life.

November 13

@ Publications Awards The Office of Public Affairs was
presented the following awards in the National Associa-
tion of Government Communicators’ Blue Pencil com-
petition for 1997: First Place for the quarterly newsletter
Smithsonian Institution Research Reports; First Place (tied)
for The Torch, the employee newspaper; and Third Place
for the annual report, Smithsonian Year 1996.

November 18

= Exhibition The Tropical Research Institute’s exhibi-
tion “Parting the Green Curtain: The Evolution of
Tropical Biology in Panama” returned to Panama to

be displayed at the Smithsonian’s Marine Exhibition
Center.

November 20

= Exhibition “Directions—Toba Khedoori” opened at
the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, present-
ing three floor-to-ceiling wax-covered paintings on
paper by this Los Angeles—based Australian-born artist
(b. 1964). Organized by Associate Curator Olga M.
Viso, who discussed Khedoori’s work ina gallery talk on
December 4, the show revealed the artist’s dexterous
approach to “phantom figuration,” as one critic has
coined a current trend, in enormous floating images of a
rooftop railing, a cutaway view of a house, and a section
of empty theater seats.

December

= Endowment Herbert and Evelyn Axelrod made a gift
of $1.5 million to the National Museum of Natural His-
tory to create a chair of ichthyology, the first endowed
chair in the Smithsonian’s 102-year history. Curator of
fishes Dr. Victor Springer, whose research has been a

continuing interest of the Axelrods’, will hold the chair
for the initial three-year term.

December

= New Wing Construction began on the new Dis-
covery Center of the National Museum of Natural His-
tory. Designed to complement the museum’s original
Beaux Arts architecture and tucked into its West Court,
the center will add 80,000 square feet of public space to
the Natural History Building and will house a 600-seat
cafe and Washington's only 3D IMAX theater.

December

= NZP Medal Presentation Director Michael Robinson
presented the NZP Medal for Outstanding Service to
Biological Sciences and Conservation to Knut Schmidt-
Nielsen. The award was made in recognition of
Schmidt-Nielsen’s distinguished career in biology and
his untiring quest for answers to complex questions of
animal physiology.

December

@ Special Event Smithsonian Institution Archives and
its Joseph Henry Papers Project (JHPP) commemorate
the 200th anniversary of the birth of the Smithsonian's
first Secretary, Joseph Henry, with a series of articles,
interviews, presentations and media events. The cele-
bration includes the launching of the project’s home
page on SIA’s Web site on October 10, 1997.

December

8 Award and Giving Fund The Smithsonian Libraries
received $47,600 from the Atherton Seidell Endow-
ment Fund for a digital camera and other computer
equipment necessary to produce high-resolution digital
scans. The Libraries will establish a digital imaging cen-
ter where important rare books will be scanned and
made available to large audience on the Internet. The
same month, the Smithsonian Libraries’ Cooper-Hewitt,
National Design Museum Branch benefitted more than
$20,000 from the Parsons School of Design Graduate
Program Annual Giving Fund, which allocates 25 per-
cent of the total received to the branch library.

December

8 Annual Audit
qualified opinion on its audited statements.

The Smithsonian received an un-

December

@ Latino Outreach The Office of Public Affairs ran the
first of four print advertising campaigns for the year in
a number of Washington, D.C., Spanish-language
newspapers. The campaigns were geared toward the
December holidays, spring events, summer events
around the time of the Smithsonian Folklife Festival,
and Hispanic Heritage Month. The Institution-wide
advertisements highlight exhibits and activities of
special interest to the community.

December

® Construction Smithsonian Marine Station—The
Office of Contracting negotiated and awarded a contract
to Associated Construction for the building of the
laboratory/office facility at Fort Pierce, Florida. This is
the beginning building of a research campus for Marine
Biology.

December

The Office of Contracting
negotiated and awarded food service agreements for the
Smithsonian Mall to Sodexho Marriott and Compass
Group USA, Inc. These agreements produce about one

@ Food Service Agreements

quarter of the trust fund revenues for the Smithsonian
Business Activities.

December

@ Publication The Office of Equal Employment and
Minority Affairs published and distributed the fifteenth
Smithsonian Institution Equal Opportunity Report in
response to a 1989 request from the House and Senate
Committees on Appropriations. This report described
the composition of the work force in terms of gender,
racial/ ethnic identity, grade, and occupational categories.
It also contains a summary of the Institution's efforts to
ensure that programs reflect the nation’s diversity and
pluralism. It covered the period September 1997 to
September 1998.

December and March

The Office of Contracting
negotiated and awarded Smithsonian-wide consignment

| Consignment Agreements

agreements to Christie’s and Sotheby’s auction houses
for auction sales of deaccessioned works of art. These

25

agreements provided a simple standard for the sale of
art and a discounted fee for services.

December 1

@ Exhibition The Tropical Research Institute traveling
exhibition “Our Reefs: Caribbean Connections” opened
in Jamaica, where it was on view at three sites: Negril,
Montego Bay, and Kingston, as part of its travels
through the Caribbean area.

December 4

@ Training Seminar The Smithsonian Accessibility
Program presented a training session titled “An
Accessibility Critique of NASM’s ‘How Things Fly”
exhibition. The session was offered to accessibility
liaisons, exhibition designers, and exhibit team mem-
bers, as well as all staff responsible for working with the
public. Presenting the session was a group of people
with disabilities who critiqued the exhibition from both
a personal and consumer advocacy perspective.

December 8-12
® Course The course “Preserving Natural History Col-
lections” was an introduction to an integrated approach
to managing and preserving natural history collections,
including risk assessment, categorizing collection
specimens, and collection profiling applied to collec-
tions-care strategic development, and sponsored by the
Smithsonian Center for Materials Research and Educa-
tion. The course included a full-scale exercise using
Smithsonian Institution collections.

December 10

= Ceremony Inaceremony on December 10, National
Air and Space Museum Director Donald D. Engen ac-
cepted into the collection a backup “Iridium”
spacecraft. This is one of the few “production” models
in the collection, and represents achievements in space
communications and applications for the public.

December 15

m Meeting The Office of Membership and Development
and the Office of the Secretary convened five meetings of
the executive committee of the Smithsonian Washington
Council. The Washington Council is chaired by
Washington attorney and philanthropist R. Robert

26

Linowes. Four more meetings were held during the
year, on January 28, 1998, April 14, June 9, and Septrem-
ber 17. The group of Washington-area business and
philanthropic leaders was formed to extend and deepen
Smithsonian services to local residents.

January 1998

@ Program The Center for Museum Studies initiates a
collaboration with Montgomery Community College,
Rockville, Maryland, to establish the Montgomery
College Humanities Institute. The institute will host a
wide range of scholarly and community-focused
activities, including an annual faculty seminar led by a
Smithsonian scholar-in-residence; museum-based
faculty research fellowships; student internships at the
Smithsonian; public lectures and symposia; and an
enhanced humanities honors program.

January

® Construction The Office of Contracting negotiated and
awarded a contract to Tompkins Builders for skylight
window, wall replacement and miscellaneous work at the
National Air and Space Museum. All the walls and
skylights in the Museum will be replaced over 48 months
at a cost of $25 million. The museum will remain open
throughout the entire construction period, and the build-
ing envelope will remain secure and watertight at all times.

January-March

= Exhibition Horticulture Services Division col-
laborated with the U.S. Botanical Gardens to mount the
fourth annual orchid exhibition in the Ripley Center.
The display of over 5,000 orchids attracted more visitors
to the Quadrangle than any single previous exhibit.

January 5-9

@ Collecting Dr. Liza Kirwin, Curator of Manuscripts
for the Archives of American Art traveled to Tesuque,
New Mexico (north of Santa Fe), to collect the papers of
Chuck and Jan Rosenak. For the past two decades, the
Rosenaks have devoted their energies to studying and
collecting twentieth-century American folk art. Their
papers consist of their research material gathered in the
course of writing three books: Museum of American Folk
Art Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century American Folk Art
and Artists (1991), The People Speak: Navajo Folk Art
(1994), and Contemporary American Folk Art: A Collector's
Guide (1996).

January I5-I6

= Presentation In San Juan and Humacao, Puerto Rico,
National Science Resources Center Executive Director
Douglas Lapp and Deputy Director Sally Goetz Shuler
presented workshops to government, business, and
education leaders. They discussed science education
reform and presented workshops on inquiry-centered
science teaching.

January 17

= Exhibition “We Shall Overcome: Photographs from
America’s Civil Rights Era” began its national tour
with a very successful opening at the National Museum
of American History. The tour, which continues
through the year 2004, includes stops in California,
Georgia, New York, and Pennsylvania. The exhibition
explores the role of several prominent African American
photographers—Bob Adelman, Bob Fitch, Leonard
Freed, Matt Heron, Charles Moore, and Gordon Parks—
in documenting one of the most decisive eras in
American history. The 80 black-and-white photographs
focus on key events and personalities in the civil rights
era (1954-1968).

January 23

§ Oxtreach The National Collections Program of the
Smithsonian Institution Archives launches its home
page, featuring guidelines, publications, and other
resources of use to museums and collections managers.

January 26

= Radio Advertising Campaign The first radio advertise-
ment ran in the Office of Public Affairs’ Black History
Month campaign, one of three radio advertising
campaigns this year aimed at local African American
audiences, ages 25 to 45. Another campaign was run in the
spring for spring break and a third in the summer for the
Smithsonian Folklife Festival. The following stations were
used in the three campaigns in different combinations:
WHUR, WMMJ, WKYS, WPGC, WYCB, and WTOP.

January 26-31

™ Meeting Seventy-five scholars from 15 countries
gathered for the meetings of the International Byozool-
ogy Association held at the Tropical Research Institute's
Earl S. Tupper Conference Center.

February

a Publication A strategic plan for implementing the
capital campaign was drafted and distributed by the
Office of the Executive Director for Development.

February

® Oxtreach In observance of Black History Month, the
Archives of American Art inaugurated online access to
the second, revised edition of its guide The Papers of
African American Artists (1992). The guide includes
photographs and other illustrations.

February

§ Publication With the Australian Biological Resources
Study and the Department of Environment, Canberra,
the museum helped produce The Darwin Declaration, a
blueprint for incorporating taxonomy into the goals of
the International Convention on Biological Diversity.
Although the discovery, description, naming, and clas-
sification of individual species has been well carried out
for some groups, little is known about the taxonomy,
biology, distribution, and genetics of the vast majority
of plant and animal species. The Darwin Declaration
explains the importance of collections-based research to
understanding the environment and the threats it faces.
The declaration also outlines actions to be taken to sup-
port taxonomic research. The International Convention
on Biological Diversity was developed by leaders of key
natural history museums and research institutions,
policy makers, funders, and ecologists and conserva-
tionists, with major financial support from the
Smithsonian, the MacArthur Foundation, the Global
Environment Facility, and the U.S. Department of the
Interior.

February
™ Grant The Smithsonian Libraries was awarded a
grant of $3,780 by the Smithsonian Women’s Commit-
tee to preserve nineteenth-century bindings on a collec-
tion of horticultural works. The grant provides money
to clean the books and to purchase protective bindings
for several hundred books.

February

@ Web Site Redesign SITES launched its redesigned
Web site: www.st.edu/SITES. The new design provides

te

N

easy access to information. Visitors will find it easier to
locate exhibitions within their regions by clicking on a
map of the United States linked to tour information.
The site also features more extensive educational
resource and activity material based on current and
past SITES’ exhibitions. Materials include “Diversity
Endangered,” “The Good the Bad and the Cuddly,”
“Frank Lloyd Wright,” “Jazz Age in Paris,” “Moscow
Treasures and Traditions” and “Tropical Rainforests.”
The inclusion of the new educational materials was
made possible by grants from the Smithsonian Women’s
Committee and the Educational Outreach Fund.

February

The Office of Contracting
negotiated and awarded an affinity credit card with

@ License Agreement

Novus Services, Inc. This business arrangement was the
continuation of financial support from Novus, which
began, with the sponsorship of the 1soth-anniversary
“America’s Smithsonian” traveling exhibition.

February—April

= Public Program The Smithsonian Associates offered
the second season of Radio Theatre—Live!, produced by
the L.A. Theater Works and presented in collaboration
with the Voice of America. The plays, The Heiress, A//
My Sons, and Working, were recorded in front of live
audiences for subsequent broadcast across the United
States on public radio and around the world on the
Voice of America.

February, September

& Architecture/Engineering and Exhibit Design The Office
of Contracting negotiated and awarded a contract to
Polshek, Tobey & Davis to restart the National Museum of
the American Indian Mall Museum design project. The
office directed the project team for design and construc-
tion to continue the effort during litigation of the previous
design contract. Also, the Office of Contracting awarded
negotiated contracts to Howard-Revis Design, Staples &
Charles, and Design Communications to design the ex-
hibits for the Mall Museum. These exhibitions will show-
case the Museum's collections on opening day 2002.

February 6-7

@ Public Program “Between Slavery and Freedom: Free
People of Color and the Coming of the Civil War’—An

28

outgrowth of the African American Communities
Project, begun at the National Museum of American
History in 1981, “Between Slavery and Freedom” was a
landmark gathering of scholars and community repre-
sentatives designed to analyze and synthesize new infor-
mation about the experiences of free people of color in
the antebellum South.

February 6-May 28

w Exhibition The Archives of American Art presented
the exhibit “El Movimiento: Selections from the Tomas
Ybarra-Frausto Research Material on Chicano Art” in
the gallery space of the New York Regional Center. The
archival display from the papers of Tomas Ybarra-Fraus-
to illustrated the major phases of the Chicano art move-
ment from its inception in the 1960s to the present.

February 10
@ Presentation Tropical Research Institute scientist
Nancy Knowlton gave a presentation on “Basic science:
key to the management of the oceans” at “An Evening
at the Smithsonian,” an annual event organized by the
Fundacion Smithsonian de Panama and held at STRI’s
Earl S. Tupper Conference Center.

February 12

The Coordinator of the
Smithsonian Accessibility Program lectured on accessible

® Professional Presentation

design of museum-based security systems during the
National Conference on Cultural Property Protection.

February 18

@ Public Program nan illustrated lecture presented by
The Smithsonian Associates, embryologist Dr. Ian Wil-
mut of the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, dis-
cussed the background, controversy, and possible
implications of his world-famous experiment: Dolly the

sheep, the first adult mammal ever to be successfully
cloned.

February 19

= Exhibition and Programs “George Segal, A Retrospec-
tive: Sculptures, Paintings, Drawings,” a four-decade
retrospective honoring an American artist (b. 1924)
whose evocative sculptures of everyday people in urban
environments have become signature works of modern

art, opened at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture
Garden. The show, on tour from the Montreal Museum
of Fine Arts in Canada, included such landmark works
of the Pop Art era as Cinema, 1963, as well as single-
figure reliefs, boldly expressive paintings and pastels,
and the original, mixed-media version of Depression
Bread Line, 1991, recently cast in bronze for Washing-
ton’s new Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial. As a
barometer of Segal’s popularity, his auditorium talk on
March 9 was so popular that 200 people had to be
turned away. In an unprecedented arrangement, the
Washington Metropolitan Transit Authority donated
advertising for the show in its subways and buses as a
public service. After closing on May 17, 1998, the exhibi-
tion traveled to the Jewish Museum in New York and
the Miami Art Museum in Florida.

February 23

= Benefit The Detroit Council of the Archives of
American Art presented its annual black-tie gala, Lundi
Gras XX XVIII, “An Evening of Elegance,” on February
23, 1998. Traditionally held on the Monday preceding
Mardi Gras, this is the longest-running fund-raising
event for the Archives.

February 23-27

= Program The Center for Museum Studies collabor-
ates with George Mason University and Historic
Alexandria to offer a one-week workshop for small
museums, “Introduction to Museum Management.”

February 25

® Award Smithsonian Folkways’ six-CD recording
Anthology of American Folk Music received Grammy
Awards for best historical album and best album notes
at the 40th Annual Grammy Awards Ceremony in New
York City.

Spring

= Professional Program The Smithsonian Associates’ Na-
tional Outreach program formally introduced the
Smithsonian Institutes for Professionals. Geared to cor-
porate audiences, the institutes include the Smithsonian
Creativity Institute, which takes participants into
Smithsonian collections, laboratories, and research
facilities for customized hands-on workshops designed
to introduce participants to new ways of seeing, think-
ing, and understanding; the Smithsonian Signature In-

stitute, which provides a unique behind-the-scenes look
at the Smithsonian; and the Smithsonian World Affairs
Institute, which uses Smithsonian connections within
the Washington international community to examine a
selected region of the world.

Spring-Summer

8 Educational Program The National Museum of
American Art held its first high school poster competi-
tion and award ceremony in conjunction with the
“Posters American Style” exhibition. The poster designs
were so popular that the U.S. Department of Veterans
Affairs reproduced several of them to display at their
facilities in Veteran's hospitals nationwide.

March

@ Award The Archives of American Art received a
grant from the Smithsonian Latino initiatives Fund
administered by the Office of the Provost in the amount
of $42,984. This grant funded Spanish-to-English
translations of 12 oral history interviews with Cuban-
American artists. The award allowed the Archives to
broaden its current survey of art-related manuscript
material in Puerto Rico.

March

8 Special Event The National Museum of American
Art celebrated the final weekend of “Ansel Adams, A
Legacy: Masterworks from the Friends of Photography”
with extended evening hours on March 27 and 28, a
first for any Smithsonian museum. Both nights featured
live jazz, café dining, and screenings of a video on
Adams'’s career. More than 11,500 people took advantage
of this opportunity, made possible by the generous sup-
port of the Monsanto Corporation, to see the most
popular exhibition in the museum's history, which at-
tracted some 285,000 visitors in 18 ¥2 weeks.

March

@ Public Program Legal Problems in Museum Administra-
tion Conference—OGC in conjunction with the American
Law Association—American Bar Association hosted the
annual seminar in Chicago.

March

@ Exhibition To highlight the Archives of American
Gardens Collection, Horticulture Services Division
recreated the Lanes End estate at the New England

29

Flower Show. The exhibit received five awards, includ-
ing the Boston G/obe’s People’s Choice Award for being
the show's most popular exhibic.

March

8 Fellowship The Center for Museum Studies, in col-
laboration with the Inter-University Program for Latino
Research (IUPLR) develops a new Rockefeller Humanities
Fellowship Program with the theme “Latino Cultural Re-
search in a National Museum Context: Issues of Repre-
sentation and Interpretation.” The fellowships, a mix of
residencies for scholars and museum professionals, will be
interdisciplinary and will support Latino/a focused scholar-
ship using the extensive cultural, archival, historical, and
professional resources that only the Smithsonian can offer.

March 5

@ Exhibit Opening and Lecture
ogy, Archaeology, and History of Hawaii's Leeward Is-

Remote Oceania: Biol-

lands, a lecture by Sheila Conant, professor of zoology at
the University of Hawaii, focused public attention on
the Zoo's new exhibit at the Bird House, “The Birds of
Paradise Lost.”

March

@ Seminar In March, the National Air and Space
Museum’s annual “Mutual Concerns of Air and Space
Museums” seminar, cohosted by the American Associa-
tion of Museums, brought more than 130 Air and Space
museum directors, curators, and other staff together for
three days of trading ideas and information concerning
their museums.

March 7

® Outreach Archives of American Art Catalog Manager
Karen Weiss delivered a paper at the national Art
Librarians Society of North America (ARLIS) conference in
Philadelphia for the panel “Collection Level Records: Ar-
chivists and Librarians Share Solutions.” She was joined by
colleagues from the Frick Art Reference Library, the Na-
tional Gallery of Canada, and the university archivist at
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey.

March 13

@ Professional Collaboration The Smithsonian Accessibility
Program began a four-month technical assistance pro-

30

gram with the Missouri Historical Society (MHS) in
St. Louis. The accessibility program collaborated with
the MHS to develop accessible exhibits for the Society's
new wing. These exhibits, on the history of St. Louis,
were not only to be fully accessible to people with
disabilities but were also to include this group's par-
ticipation in the development of the city’s history.

March 15-September 7

@ Exhibition The exhibition “Olowe of Ise: A Yoruba
Sculptor to Kings” at the National Museum of African
Art celebrated the work of one of Africa’s greatest tradi-
tional sculptors, introducing visitors to Olowe’s distinc-
tive style of carving wood. The exhibition presented
more than 30 major works including the museum's
palace dooe and bowl with figures, as well as shrine
figures, veranda posts, and a mask.

March 16-20

= Program The Center for Museum Studies offers the
annual “Awards for Museum Leadership” diversity semi-
nar. The program explores diversity issues in museums
and provides training opportunities for enhancing
leadership skills and competencies.

March 18-21

™ Collecting Archives of American Art Director

Dr. Richard J. Wattenmaker, and Southeast Regional
Collector Dr. Liza Kirwin traveled to Puerto Rico to
meet with directors of museums and archives. The
purpose of the trip was twofold: To explore a potential
microfilming project documenting art in Puerto Rico
and to underscore the significance of the Archives’
current survey of art-related manuscript material in
Puerto Rico as the foundation for future research and
microfilming.

March 19

= Exhibition In “Directions—Kiki Smith: Night”
(March 19—June 21, 1998), an American artist (b. 1954)
who energized figurative sculpture in the late 1980s
with her expressively anatomical images of the human
body revealed a new direction focused on nature. The
show, organized by Associate Curator Phyllis
Rosenzweig, featured a metaphorical, nocturnal ecosys-
tem consisting of a diorama-like photo-etching of
animals interacting at night and, filling the Directions

Gallery’s center, long platforms displaying literally
dozens of silhouetted and three-dimensional sculptures
of birds, stars, flowers, rabbits, cats, snowflakes,
raindrops, eggs, and other natural elements.

March 19

8 Outreach The Institutional History Division of
Smithsonian Institution Archives produces “Historic
Pictures of the Smithsonian Institution,” a site on its
home page that provides a comprehensive visual tour of
Smithsonian museums and research centers.

March 20-August 2

= Exhibition “Faces of TIME: 75 Years of Time
Magazine Cover Portraits” was on view at the National
Portrait Gallery. Organized to mark the 75th anniver-
sary of Time, this exhibition was drawn primarily from
the Gallery's collection of original Time cover artwork
and represented some of the finest and most interest-
ing moments in the magazine’s newsmaker-of-the-
week cover tradition. Among the most eye-catching
pieces was a life-size papier-maché caricature of The
Beatles. The show’s curator was Senior Historian
Frederick S. Voss.

March 23-27
§ Presentation In San Juan, Mayaguez, and Ponce, Puer-
to Rico, National Science Resources Center Executive
Director Douglas Lapp and Deputy Director Sally

Goetz Shuler presented workshops to government, busi-
ness, and education leaders. They discussed science
education reform and presented workshops on inquiry-
centered science teaching.

March 26

™ Ecologist Dies Dr. James Lynch died. A Terrestrial
Animal Ecologist at SERC since 1974, Dr. Lynch pub-
lished more than 70 scientific articles on the ecology of
salamanders, ants, and birds, with special emphasis on
habitat fragmentation and conservation.

March 26

§ Training Seminar The Smithsonian Accessibility
Program presented a training session titled “An Acces-
sibility Critique of ‘American Encounters.” The session
was offered to accessibility liaisons, exhibition desig-

ners, and exhibit team members, as well as all staff
responsible for working with the public. Presenting the
session was a group of people with disabilities who criti-
qued the exhibition from both a personal and consumer
advocacy perspective.

March 29-April 3

@ Meeting The First International Workshop on Sus-
tainable Cocoa Growing organized by the Tropical Re-
search Institute, the Migratory Bird Center, and the
Institute for Conservation Biology was held at STRI’s
Earl S. Tupper Research and Conference Center. The
meeting gathered more than 80 international par-
ticipants, both chocolate manufacturers and repre-
sentatives from cacao-producing countries.

March 31

B Special Event The U.S. Postal Service launched a new
form of computer-generated postage at the National
Postal Museum. PC-based postage, created by E-Stamp
Corporation, enables mailers to electronically mail let-
ters and documents through the Postal Service without

affixing postage stamps.
April
§ Grant A $500,000 challenge grant awarded to the

NMAI by the Kresge Foundation in July 1997 was
successfully completed in April thanks to the generous
support of individuals, corporations, and foundations.
Funds raised through the Kresge challenge grant
totaled $1.6 million.

April

@ Panda Studies NZP’s panda conservation team
returned from China. Scientific specialists from three
USS. zoos worked with colleagues at Chinese zoos to
carry out the first health and reproductive survey of
giant pandas in China's zoos.

April

@ School Envirothon SERC served as one of three hosts
for the Anne Arundel County Envirothon, a program to
teach middle-school students basic environmental prin-
ciples and ways to apply them to real-world problems
in their communities.

April

@ Exhibition “Between a Rock and a Hard Place: A
History of American Sweatshops, 1820—Present,” an
exhibition that opened at the National Museum of
American History in April, represented an ambitious
intellectual and design treatment of a complex and
controversial topic. The Office of Exhibits Central
designer's innovative use of materials, media, design,
and lighting to express distinct time periods and diverse
content issues enhanced the exhibition's intellectual
content and facilitated the understanding of challeng-
ing subject matter.

April

8 Online Exhibition In partnership with ASTC, SITES
launched the online exhibition “Rotten Truth (About
Garbage).” The exhibition provides information to
educators, students, and home users regarding the
complex environmental issues surrounding daily trash
disposal. Links to related Web sites give users easy
access to wide ranging information and opinions on the
topic. As visitors review the exhibition, they will find
suggestions for activities they can do at home or in the
classroom. “Rotten Truth (About Garbage)” was made
possible in part by support from Rodale Press Inc.

April

@ National Meeting SERC hosted a national meeting
on invasive species for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Ser-
vice. The meeting brought together the leading re-
searchers in biological invasions of marine and aquatic
ecosystems to develop national guidelines for long-term
monitoring of species introductions.

April 3-6

® Outreach At the National Science Teachers Associ-
ation’s annual convention in Boston, the National
Science Resources Center exhibited its programs,
conducted presentations, and gave workshops on its
Science and Technology for Children curriculum.

April 10-August 23

@ Exhibition “Celebrity Caricature in America” was on
view at the National Portrait Gallery. This landmark ex-
hibition reintroduced an inventive form of portraiture
that captured the spirit of the modern era in the first

32

half of the twentieth century. Highlighting such per-
sonalities as Mae West, Will Rogers, and Josephine
Baker, the more than 200 caricature objects explored

the intersection of wit, stylized design, and mass media—
generated celebrity. Along with many virtually unknown
original drawings, the show featured caricature on a silk
dress, on a theater curtain, on the walls of Sardi’s restau-
rant, and in a series of animated cartoons. The exhibition
will travel to the New York Public Library in April 2000.

April 13
8 African American Family Day The Zoo’s annual
African American Family Day featured performances of

jazz and gospel music along with African storytellers,
drummers, and special animal demonstrations.

April 15

The Office of Public Affairs issued its
general information brochure in six languages—Arabic,

8 Publications

Chinese, French, German, Japanese, and Spanish—for
distribution from information desks in each museum.

April 16-19

8 Study Tour
The Smithsonian Associates, offered the first in a series

Smithsonian Study Tours, a division of

of tours called “American Snapshots” during a four-day
program on Amelia Island, Florida. Snapshots feature
smaller towns and regions known for their unique
heritage, such as Amelia Island's well-preserved Vic-
torian architecture. Other planned Snapshots featured
the Amish community in Holmes County, Ohio, and
the maritime heritage of Puget Sound, Washington.

April 22—November

@ Exhibition “Between a Rock and a Hard Place: A His-
tory of American Sweatshops, 1820—Present"—This Nation-
al Museum of American History exhibition was designed
to help the public understand the history of sweatshops in
the United States and efforts to reform and control their
proliferation. The exhibition looked at global competition,
government regulation, immigration, business practices,
and racial, ethnic, and gender discrimination.

April 23

® Anniversary Barro Colorado Island, the Smithson-
ian’s oldest field station and one of the oldest in all the

New World tropics, celebrated its 75th anniversary as a
reserve.

April 23-26

= Public Program The Smithsonian Women’s
Committee’s Annual Craft Show was held again at the
National Building Museum, and featured 120 artisans
from across the country. Proceeds from the show are used
to fund SI projects in the Women’s Committee's competi-
tive grant program. The committee is under the umbrella
of the Office of Membership and Development.

April 24-May 30

= Exhibition and Public Programs “Duke Ellington
Youth Festival and Art Exhibition’—Produced in
collaboration with the District of Columbia Public
Schools, this National Museum of American History
exhibition featured dynamic artwork done by students
from the Washington, D.C. area depicting Edward
Kennedy “Duke” Ellington during his career. Elling-
ton’s life and career was also celebrated in art, poetry,
and musical performances.

April 30

= Exhibition “Natural Selections: Museum Photography”
by Chip Clark opened at the National Museum of
Natural History. This exhibition presented 30 photo-
graphs that capture life at Natural History and the
special skills science photography, like scientific
research, demands: curiosity, knowledge, and great
patience.

April 30

The Smithsonian Accessibility
Program presented a training session titled “Parents +
Kids +Disabilities+Museums.” The session was offered

§ Training Seminar

to accessibility liaisons, museum educators, exhibition
designers, and staff responsible for working with the
public. Presenting the session were two parents, one
who herself has a disability and one whose child has a
disability.

May
= Public Program n May, the NMAI launched the first

annual Children’s Festival at the George Gustav Heye
Center. Staff from many museum departments includ-

ing public programs, education, film and video, and the
resource center joined together to create a museum-
wide event that was attended by a record number of
visitors.

May

@ Exhibition
paintings, photographs, sculptures, and mixed-media

“Indian Humor,” an exhibition of 87

works opened at the George Gustav Heye Center in
May. The exhibition used humor, sarcasm, and irony
to dispel the stereotype of the stoic Indian. “Indian
Humor” was developed by the American Indian
Contemporary Arts of San Francisco.

May

B Lecture
annual Dibner Library Lecture featured Professor

The Smithsonian Institution Libraries’

Katharine Park of Harvard University who delivered an
illustrated lecture on “Visible Women: Anatomical
Illustration and Human Dissection in Renaissance
Italy.” The lecture is supported by The Dibner Fund.

May

@ Furniture The Office of Exhibits Central's design
and fabrication of the Arts and Industries Building infor-
mation desk was inspired by the materials and motifs of
the nineteenth-century building’s original interior
finishes. Reflecting contemporary office planning require-
ments, the ergonomic and accessible casework meets the
needs of volunteer staff and visitors while housing publica-
tions, telephones, and computer equipment. The ash-and-
faux-granite desk presents a gracious and inviting focal
point for visitors entering from the Mall, enhancing their
visit and fulfilling their quest for information.

May 1

@ Concert Smithsonian Folkways Recordings
celebrated its oth anniversary with a concert in Car-
negie Hall. Participants and performers included Ossie
Davis, Theodore Bikel, Pete Seeger, Ella Jenkins, Lucin-
da Williams, Ralph Stanley, and the SNCC Freedom
Singers.

May 1

@ Exhibition “Our Town: Post Office Murals of the
New Deal Era,” a beautiful art exhibition featuring 17

33

mural studies and three sculptures created during the
Great Depression as decorations for post offices, opened
at the National Postal Museum.

May I-4

@ Exhibition Restaging The 1997 “Mississippi Delta”
program was restaged in Greenville, Mississippi, and
featured traditions created daily in the homes, churches,
rivers, fields, and juke joints of the Delta. The “Missis-
sippi Delta” program was produced for the Center for
Folklife Programs and Cultural Studies’ annual
Smithsonian Folklife Festival.

May 5

w Exhibition Seventy-five decorative envelopes were
displayed as part of the National Postal Museum's fifth
“Graceful Envelope” exhibit. The 75 envelope designs
were selected from the more than 260 entries received
by the museum as part of its fifth annual calligraphy
contest.

May 6-9

= Program The Center for Museum Studies, with the
Program for Asian Pacific American Studies, presents
“Diversity, Leadership, and Museums: The Repre-
sentation of Asian Pacific American Communities,” at
the Japanese American National Museum (JANM) in
Los Angeles, California. The seminar, a pilot program
funded by the Anheuser-Busch Companies and the
Smithsonian Institution Educational Outreach Fund
with additional support from the Hawaii Museums
Association, explored diversity issues in museums and
examined current issues affecting Asian Pacific
Americans in the museum profession.

May 10

® Award The Smithsonian Board of Regents induct
Kenneth E. Behring into the Order of James Smithson
in recognition of his $20 million gift to the National
Museum of Natural History. The Office of Membership
and Development assisted in coordination of the event.

May 1

@ Special Event The Office of Membership and Devel-
opment’s Smithsonian Corporate Membership Program
held its Annual Luncheon Meeting, which was attended

34

by 120 corporate representatives. Attendees joined
Secretary Heyman, Regents Dr. Hannah H. Gray and
Rep. Sam Johnson for a luncheon to discuss the theme
“Education at the Smithsonian.” Smithsonian National
Board Member Marie L. Knowles gave the keynote
address, and The Smithsonian: America’s Classroom, a
video detailing Smithsonian education programs, was
premiered. NOVUS Services, Inc. (now Discover Finan-
cial Services, Inc.) received the Corporate Leadership
Award for its support of the “America’s Smithsonian”
traveling exhibition and creation of an affiliate credit
card agreement with the Smithsonian.

May I-15

= Public Program The Office of Membership and
Development's “Smithsonian Treasures,” the annual

tour for Contributing Members, brought 70 people to
Washington, D.C., for behind-the-scenes tours of
exhibitions, as well as the Office of Exhibits Central,

the Smithsonian Institution Libraries, and other SI units.

May 14-15

= Program The Center for Museum Studies collabor-
ates with the Smithsonian Associates Creativity Insti-
tutes to offer “New Ways of Seeing, Thinking and
Understanding,” an interactive exhibit production
workshop designed for independent stockbrokers
affiliated with Commonwealth Equity.

May I5

= Publication The magazine Science published a land-
mark paper by Dr. Doug Erwin, curator of paleobiology
at the National Museum of Natural History, and col-
leagues from MIT and Nanjing, China, narrowing the
time frame for mass extinctions at the end of the Per-
mian period 250 million years ago. By dating volcanic
ash beds in South China, Erwin and his colleagues deter-
mined that the extinction of many insects, 85 percent of
all marine species, and 70 percent of all terrestrial
genera worldwide took place within less than 1 million
years, far shorter than the 8-to-10-million-year period
previously suggested.

May 15-16

® Symposium The National Portrait Gallery and the
Library of Congress jointly sponsored a two-day sym-
posium, “Caricature and Cartoon in Twentieth-Century

America.” Friday’s session at the National Portrait
Gallery included Wendy Wick Reaves, “The Celebrity
Caricature Vogue”; Thomas P. Bruhn, “The Life and
Times of Al Frueh”; Bruce Kellner, “Ralph Barton:
Affectionate Insults”; and Edward Sorel, “Anything
Goes: Caricature after 1960.”

May Is-16

= Special Event The Office of Membership and Devel-
opment welcomed the James Smithson Society to
Washington. The Society, the highest circle of Con-
tributing Membership, gave its Founder Medal to
Shirley Sichel for her generous support of the National
Zoo and the work of the Conservation and Research Cen-
ter. Sir Christopher Meyer, KCMG, British Ambassador
in Washington, and Lady Meyer attended the dinner
and were made honorary Smithson Society members.

May 19-22

= International Workshop The “Preservation of Santos”
was a three-day conference sponsored by the Smithson-
ian Center for Materials Research and Education held at
the Universidad del Sagrado Coraz6n, San Juan, Puerto
Rico, for an estimated 123 attendees. It included a sur-
vey of the history of polychrome Hispanic religious
artifacts, their materials, techniques of fabrication and
decoration, and preservation and restoration. Following
the three-day workshop, which included intensive
lecture and laboratory sessions, a unique one-day free
gathering was convened at the Museo de Arte de Ponce,
Ponce, Puerto Rico, for practicing santo makers to
engage the presenters in thoughtful discussions of
history, materials, and techniques.

May 20

§ Board Established The Smithsonian Institution
Libraries established a Board, following approval by the
Board of Regents. The Libraries’ Board, which held its
inaugural meeting with the initial seven members,

will provide leadership during the Institution's capital
campaign and help to develop new constituencies and
generate support for the Libraries’ services and
programs nationwide.

May 28

§ Outreach Director Richard J. Wattenmaker pre-
sented a talk on the role of the Archives of American

Art in scholarly research as a part of the Second Biennial
Smithsonian-Westminster Symposium, “Public Institu-
tions: Access and Cultural Identity,” organized conjointly
by the University of Westminster London and the
Smithsonian Institution.

May 28

The Coordinator of the
Smithsonian Accessibility Program lectured on acces-

& Professional Presentation

sible exhibition design to members of the society for
Environmental Graphic Design.

Summer

The National Museum of American Art
premiered David Hockney’s 24-foot painting of the
Grand Canyon, titled “A Bigger Grand Canyon.” The
work, composed of 60 small canvases mounted as one

= Installation

continuous image, presents a sweeping, colorful view of
one of America’s most extraordinary topographical
wonders.

Summer

® Construction Construction of the NMAI Cultural
Resources Center continued during 1998. With the
completion of the concrete work and the installation of
the dramatic, nautilus-shaped roof, the profile of the
building became visible during the summer of 1998.

Summer

§ Training Program Thirty undergraduate students
from 18 states and 6 foreign countries took part in the
Research Training Program of the National Museum of
Natural History. The program, supported by the Na-
tional Science Foundation, the Smithsonian Women’s
Committee, and the director's discretionary fund, brings
science students to Washington to do original research
projects under the direction of museum scientists.

June

= Award Scott Weidensaul’s article “The Belled
Viper” (Smithsonian, December 1997) won first prize in
the Conservation/Environment Contest and the President's
Choice award (“best of the best” for all winning
magazine entries) in a competition sponsored by the
Outdoor Writers Association of America, Inc.

35

June

8 Award “Ranchers Form a Radical Center to Protect
Wide-Open Spaces” by Jake Page (Smithsonian, June
1997) won the Western Writers of America’s Spur Award
for Best Western Short Nonfiction.

June

8 Awards Program Finance recognition awards recog-
nized Finance staff contributions.

June

8 Minority Leadership Program The Smithsonian
Institution Libraries’ Valerie Wheat, Librarian of the
Museum Reference Center, one of the Libraries’ 18
branches, participated in a program designed to prepare
librarians from a racial minority group for top leader-
ship positions in research and academic libraries. The
program, which is sponsored by the Association of
Research Libraries, a group whose membership includes
the 120 largest research libraries in North America,
offers two training institutes and a mentoring network.
Ms. Wheat was one of 21 librarians chosen from a highly
competitive pool. The Department of Education
awarded ARL a grant to establish this program.

June

8 Award The Smithsonian Libraries was awarded
$10,000 by the Latino Initiative Fund to purchase Latino
newspapers, magazines, and journals in print and
microform formats for its collections.

June 2

§ Training Seminar The Smithsonian Accessibility Pro-
gram presented a training session titled “Accessibility
Critiques of Several SI Web Sites.” The session was
offered to accessibility liaisons, web designers, museum
educators, and staff responsible for working with the
public. Presenting the session was an expert on creating
Web sites accessible to people who are blind.

June 4

@ Exhibition “The Collection in Context: Henry Moore’s
Stringed Figure No. 1, 1937,” opened at the Hirshhorn
Museum and Sculpture Garden, continuing a series that
uses an interdisciplinary approach to deepen under-

36

standing of an art object. To demonstrate the central
source of a carved-wood, stringed sculpture by British
artist Henry Moore (1898-1986), Valerie J. Fletcher,
curator of Sculpture, borrowed nineteenth-century
mathematical models from the Smithsonian's Museum
of American History, matching those that inspired the
artist 60 years ago. The impact of Moore's innovation—
in which organic form is imbued with the logic of
engineering—was exemplified in other sculptures from
the permanent collection by Constantin Brancusi, Naum
Gabo, Barbara Hepworth, Alexander Calder, and others.

June 6, June 11

@ Awards Program The National Science Resources
Center, in partnership with the White House Office of
Science and Technology Policy and the National Science
Foundation, hosted programs for teachers who received
the 1997 Presidential Awards for Excellence in Elemen-
tary and Secondary Mathematics and Science Teaching.

June 16

@ Exhibition opening Colombia exhibition featuring
Jose Mutis botanical illustrations opens at Amazonia
Science Gallery.

June 17

8 Purchase agreement The Tropical Research Institute
formalized a purchase agreement of a six-hectare lot of
land on Isla Colon, Bocas del Toro, where it will estab-

lish a research and educational center.

June 18

& Exhibition and Programs Associate Curator Olga M.
Viso of the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden
organized “Triumph of the Spirit: Carlos Alfonzo, A
Survey, 1975-1991” for the Miami Art Museum, an
exhibition that opened in Washington ina slightly
abridged version. The show went far in establishing an
international context for Alfonzo, a Havana-born,
Miami-based painter (1950-1991) who died of AIDS at
age 40. A scholarly catalog with an essay by Viso and
contributions from Giulio V. Blanc, Dan Cameron,
Julia P. Herzberg, and Cesar Trasobares accompanied
the show, and Hilton Kramer of The New York Observer,
among others in the local and national press, praised
Alfonzo’s expressive, symbol-laden imagery. The
exhibition’s Washington presentation received major
support from the Smithsonian Latino Initiatives Fund,

and for the Smithsonian’s “Art Night on the Mall”
program of extended summer hours on Thursdays, a
concert series titled “Latin Music on the Plaza,” cospon-
sored with the Prince George's Arts Council, attracted
some 8,000 visitors.

June 18

= Exhibition/Partnership SITES began a strategic
relauonship with Silver Dollar City, a theme park located
in Branson, Missouri a popular midwestern vacation spot.
The first exhibition to be shown at Silver Dollar City was
“Earth to You, Exploring Geography,” sponsored by
Nissan Motor Corporation U.S.A. In September 1998,
“American Glass: Masters of the Art,” an exhibition that
examined the work of 13 American glass artists, opened as
a part of Silver Dollar City’s National Crafts Festival. The
alliance berween SITES and Silver Dollar City is impor-
tant because of the park’s large visitorship—1.8 million
visitors a year, all ages, drawn mostly from the South and
Midwest—generates high visibility for the Smithsonian
and its exhibitions. Over 400,000 people visited each
exhibition during its run in Branson. In addition, Silver
Dollar City has provided financial support to SITES in
conjunction with these exhibitions.

June 20

= Elephant Birthday Ambika, one of the Zoo’s Asian
elephants, was feted in honor of her soth birthday.
Nancy, Shanti, Tony, and Ambika showed their training
routine to the public in a series of interpretive demon-
strations. Historic photo displays and panels on elephant
conservation provided the public with information on the
role of elephants in the Zoo’s history. Visitors also had a
chance to add handmade cutout fabric decorations to an
elephant blanket made for Ambika.

June 23-27

" Seminar The Center for Folklife Programs and Cul-
tural Studies held its fifth annual seminar for teachers,
“Bringing Folklife into Your Classroom: A Multi-
cultural Learning Experience.” The teacher seminar
drew upon the Smithsonian Folklife Festival as a
“living laboratory” for using multicultural resources

and folklife techniques in the K-12 classroom.

June 24-28 and July 1-5

= Folklife Festival The Center for Folklife Programs
and Cultural Studies produced the 32nd annual

Smithsonian Folklife Festival featuring “Wisconsin,”
“Pahiyas: A Philippine Harvest,” “The Rio Grande/Rio
Bravo Basin,” and “The Baltic Nations: Estonia, Latvia,
and Lithuania.” The Office of Public Affairs developed a
local and national publicity campaign for the festival.
Media coverage included network and local morning
shows, a number of articles in the Washington Post, and
coverage in the New York Times, USA Today, and
Washingtonian magazine.

June 26 and June 28

® Concerts Smithsonian Folkways Recordings cele-
brated “Folkways at 50” with three concerts. A
children’s matinee featured Ella Jenkins, Larry Long,
and children from rural schools in Alabama. “Folkways
Founders” featured Arlo Guthrie, Toshi Reagon, the
Willie Foster Blues Band, and Josh White, Jr., who
have carried on the traditions of Folkways artists
Woody Guthrie, Lead Belly, Josh White, and Sonny
Terry—honored with stamps issued by the U.S. Postal
Service. And “Heartbeat” honored Native American
women singers from across the continent and celebrated
the release of a new Smithsonian Folkways album.

June 29-July 10

= Program The Center for Museum Studies and the
Inter-University Program for Latino Research (IUPLR)
host the annual seminar, “Interpreting Latino Cultures:
Research and Museums.” This program offers hands-on
training in methods of researching and interpreting
museum and archival collections. This year’s program
challenged students to develop strong research skills while
exploring issues of interpretation and representation of
cultural materials and traditions in museums.

June 30

The Office of Public Affairs issued an
updated version of “Native American Resources at the

= Pxublication

Smithsonian,” one in its series of Institution-wide “Resour-
ces” brochures. The “Resources” brochures encourage
readers to participate in and partake of cultural activ-
ities as well as research, employment, internship, and
fellowship opportunities at the Smithsonian.

July

@ Research Curator of Paintings Judith Zilczer presented
a striking discovery regarding the subject of a Willem

37

de Kooning painting in the collection of the Hirshhorn
Museum and Sculpture Garden; her research was pub-
lished in a scholarly article for the summer 1998 issue of
American Art, the journal of the Smithsonian's National
Museum of American Art. Based on a comment from a
colleague, Zilczer had pieced together evidence that
proved that a painting by de Kooning depicting a male
with shock of brown hair, heretofore known as Reclining
Man with the date 1964, was not a simple figure study
but instead the artist’s impassioned response to the
assassination of John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963.
The work was consequently retitled Reclining Man

(John F. Kennedy) and redated 1963.

July

@ Special Event First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton
helped launch the second phase of SOS! (Save Outdoor
Sculpture), a $1.4 million public-sculpture conservation
program funded by generous grants from Target Store
and the National Endowment for the Arts. SOS! is a
nationwide public program cosponsored by the National
Museum of American Art and the Heritage Preservation.

July

8 Award Smithsonian won Best Overall External
Magazine in the 1998 Clarion Awards, sponsored by
The Association for Women in Communications.

July

w Web site Redesign A new look for Smithsonian's home
page on the World Wide Web (http://www. smithsonian-
mag.si.edu) made its debut with the July 1998 issue. The
new design provides expanded promotion of editorial
coverage each month, as well as easier navigation to
popular contests, image galleries of photographers’
work, and a powerful search engine.

July

@ Teacher Training SERC hosted a two-day intensive
training session on the ecology of Chesapeake Bay for deaf
teachers and teachers of deaf students. The training was
carried out by Gallaudet University as part of the National
Science Foundation’s Summer Institute in Biology.

July I

@ Special Event The National Postal Museum served as
the site for the First Day of Issue ceremony for the 1998—
1999 Federal Duck Stamp.

38

July I

@ Exhibition The permanent exhibition in the National
Postal Museum's Jeanette Cantrell Rudy Gallery
reopened with a new presentation of rare and valuable
Federal Duck Stamps from Dr. Rudy’s collection.

July 2

® Concert The Center for Folklife Programs and Cultural
Studies held the fourth annual Friends of the Festival
Ralph Rinzler Memorial Concert, featuring “Klezmer!
The Triumphant Return of Yiddish Music.”

July 2

@ Exhibition and Programs “Directions—Tony Oursler:
Video Dolls with Tracy Leipold,” which opened at the
Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden as the first
solo museum show in Washington for this New York—
based artist (b. 1957), continued through September 7.
Organized by Public Affairs Head Sidney Lawrence, the
show presented six of Oursler’s unusual doll-like cloth
figures—from puppet- to effigy-size—wherein “talking
heads” in the form of live-action video projections of
expressive, loquacious, anguished faces confront and
amuse the viewer. The artist’s most frequent model and
collaborator, performer Tracy Leipold, was the focus of
this group of works. In a series of public programs,
Oursler’s interest in film, the media, and psychology
(specifically a condition known as multiple personality
disorder) was explored.

July 4

@ Exhibition An exhibit of more than 40 rare state,
local, and tribal waterfowl stamps opened in the Nation-
al Postal Museum's Rarities Gallery. This exhibit was
loaned to the museum from the prize-winning collec-
tion of David Torre of Santa Rosa, California.

July 13-17

= Program The Center for Museum Studies col-
laborates with the Institutional Studies Office to offer
“Introduction to Visitor Studies,” a five-day workshop
for staff at small museums in the United States.

July 15

@ Pxzblication The publication of A Garden for Art: Out-
door Sculpture at the Hirshhorn Museum by the Hirshhorn

Museum and Sculpture Garden with Thames and Hud-
son was announced by the museum. The 96-page,
copiously illustrated guide, researched and written by
Valerie J. Fletcher, Curator of Sculpture, provides a
clear, in-depth overview of the subjects, styles,
materials, and conservation issues presented by the
museum’s comprehensive collection of modern and con-
temporary sculpture, with particular emphasis on foster-
ing understanding and appreciation of each work. The
book was made possible by a generous gift from Board
Chairman Robert Lehrman and supported by a grant
from the Smithsonian Women’s Committee.

July 18-23 and July 25-30

@ Institutes The National Science Resources Center
conducted two K-8 Science Education Leadership Insti-
tutes for 29 teams from school systems in 18 states, and
Sweden. Most teams included a school superintendent
or assistant superintendent, a science coordinator or
director of curriculum and instruction, an experienced
teacher, and a senior scientist representing a company or
academic institution. The teams worked with nationally
recognized experts to develop strategic plans to improve
the teaching of science in their elementary and middle
schools.

July 20-24

® Courses Three courses, “Humidity,” “Mold and Mil-
dew,” and “Pests,” held at the Smithsonian Center for
Materials Research and Education, were grouped
around the theme of “Preservation Fundamentals.” Each
course dealt in depth with a particular environmental
issue that has been highlighted by recent conservation
developments in North America. “Humidity” reviewed
the measurement of moisture in the air, psychrometric
values, and the control of moisture in buildings with and
without HVAC units. With the instructor, the class
toured Smithsonian facilities containing recently installed
humidity controls. “Mold and Mildew” divided fungal
damage between organic materials and inorganic sub-
strates so that participants could gain a broader under-
standing of the issues and so that the speakers could focus
attention on the particular test methods and research
associated with specific museum materials. In addition,
the susceptibility for museum staff to potential pathogenic
microorganisms was discussed. The third course was
devoted to pest control in museums, including changes in
the regulations of pesticides and of fumigants, as well as
the development of alternative treatments.

July 23

8 Publication The Smithsonian Accessibility Program
wrote and delivered to the Provost the annual report on
the Institution's progress in improving access to people
with disabilities in the areas of programs, publications,
and exhibitions.

July 26-30

@ Scientific Meeting The National Museum of Natural
History hosted the first world conference on mollusks—
squids, oysters, and snails. The two largest mollusk-
studying societies in the world—the American
Malacological Union and Unitas Malacologica—met
together for che first time and discussed their findings
on biodiversity and conservation issues. The museum
houses the world’s largest collection of mollusks, more
than 10 million specimens, and the preeminent collec-
tion of North American mollusk species.

July 30—Present

@ Exhibition “A Collector's Vision of Puerto Rico”—
This National Museum of American History exhibit
contained art, photographs, and other artifacts that offer
insight into Puerto Rico's distinctive history and cul-
ture from the 1700s to the present. The artifacts are part
of a vast collection created over 40 years by Puerto
Rican philanthropist and businessman Teodoro Vidal
Santoni.

July 30

@ Special Event The National Postal Museum cele-
brated its fifth anniversary with a party that included
more than 2,400 well-wishers.

July 30

@ Exhibition The creativity of everyday Americans was
celebrated at the National Postal Museum with the
opening of “Rural Routes: Folk Art Mailboxes of Amer-
ica.” This exhibition featured 11 unusual and whimsical
mailboxes chosen through a nationwide contest.

August

= Symposium SERC organized a special symposium at
the annual meeting of the Ecological Society of America
and the American Institute of Biological Sciences in Bal-

39

timore, Maryland. The symposium focused on the ecol-
ogy of Chesapeake Bay and featured presentations from
four SERC scientists.

August

@ Sponsorship SITES secured a pledge for funding from
Lockheed Martin as the sole corporate sponsor of an
exhibition on the Hubble Space Telescope. The pledge
from Lockheed completes the funding needed for the
project, which includes a highly interactive large exhibi-
tion (3,000 square feet) designed to travel to science
museums and centers in large urban areas; a small-
format version of the exhibition designed for museums,
space centers, and educational institutions with smaller
facilities; and a museum education trunk that will in-
clude hands-on classroom lessons on the Hubble Space
Telescope, astronomy, and mathematics. To create the
exhibition SITES has partnered with the Space Tele-
scope Institute. The exhibition is also generously
supported by a grant from NASA.

August

8 Exhibition Design The Office of Contracting
negotiated and awarded a contract to Douglas Gallagher
to redesign the Mammal Hall exhibit in the National
Museum of Natural History. The Kenneth E. Behring
Gift supports this design effort.

August 20-23

a Exhibition Restaging The 1998 “Wisconsin” program
was restaged in Madison, Wisconsin, and presented
music, crafts, foodways, work, recreational, and religious
traditions to celebrate Wisconsin's 150th anniversary of
statehood. The “Wisconsin” program was produced for
the Center for Folklife Programs and Cultural Studies’
annual Smithsonian Folklife Festival.

Fall

= Exhibition The National Museum of American Art’s
exhibition “Eyeing America: Robert Cottingham
Prints” celebrated the acquisition of a set of the artist's
photorealist prints spanning three decades that focus on
signs, storefronts, and marquees, the emblematic details
of the urban American landscape.

Fall

= Exhibitions The Renwick Gallery, a department of
the National Museum of American Art, introduced the

40

work of a relatively unknown artist working with pure
gold, steel, fossil ivory, and precious gems to create
extraordinary objects featured in “Daniel Brush: Gold
without Boundaries.” Beautifully installed at the
Renwick Gallery, it drew unusually large attendance
(almost 50,000 in four months).

September

8 Repatriation During 1998, the NMAI continued its
commitment, under federal law and museum policy, to
repatriate human remains and objects of religious and
cultural patrimony to Native groups throughout the
hemisphere. Among the most significant recurns this
year was to the Haudenasavnee (Ironquois Confederacy)
in September.

September

= Exhibition “The Art of Being Kuna: Layers of Mean-
ing Among the Kuna of Panama” opened in September
at the George Gustav Heye Center with Kuna tribal
leaders in attendance. The exhibition featured approx-
imately 300 works of art, including vibrant molas—
colorful, richly decorated appliques that express all
aspects of Kuna culture. “The Art of Being Kuna” was
organized by the UCLA Fowler Museum and included
molas from the NMAI collection. The Smithsonian
Center for Latino Initiatives provided additional support
for the Heye Center venue.

September

SERC and the National
Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research of New

8 International Agreement

Zealand signed a memorandum of understanding to
formally facilitate research collaborations between the
two organizations. Their cooperative programs and
professional training will focus on global change, land-
scape ecology, and coastal ecosystems at land-sea inter-
faces in both the United States and New Zealand.

September

@ National Meeting SERC hosted a national meeting
on global change for the U.S. UV Monitoring Work
Group. Present at the meeting were representatives
from several universities and all federal agencies in-
volved in measuring changes in the penetration of
ultraviolet solar radiation to the Earth’s surface.

September

= Publication Smithsonian Institution Archives issues
the brochure, Research Resources at the Smithsonian Institution
Archives, featuring an overview of many little-known but
highly useful ready-reference collections at SIA.

September

8 Exhibition The Smithsonian Institution Libraries
opened the yearlong exhibition “Frontier Photographer:
Edward S. Curtis” in the Libraries’ exhibition gallery
(located in the National Museum of American History).
Curtis's own Reversible-back Premo camera and tripod
were displayed with gold- and silver-tone prints Curtis
made in his studio along with 13 original photogravures
and two copper-plates. Curated by William E. Baxter,
head of the Libraries’ Special Collections Department,
the exhibition was accompanied by an educational
brochure prepared for high school curricula, as well as
large-print and Braille versions of the brochure's text.

September

® Public Program Environmental Law Seminar—OGC
in conjunction with the American Law Association—
American Bar Association and the Environmental Law
Institute hosted this annual seminar in Washington, D.C.

September

= Web Site Addition In September 1998, “Kids’ Castle”
made its debut on the Smithsonian Web site. The new
educational area gained immediate popularity through
“kid-worthy” articles drawn from Smithsonian editorial,
interactive message boards, a “facts and photos” section,
and a free monthly newsletter. Additional content for
the site is provided through Smithsonian's partnership
with Cricket Magazine.

September

= Special Event The Smithsonian Associates’ National
Outreach program facilitated a three-day residency of
the Smithsonian Jazz Masterworks Orchestra for the
Public Corporation for the Arts in Long Beach, Califor-
nia. Members of the orchestra presented master classes,
an open rehearsal, and an improvisation workshop for
students and teachers in the California community, and
it sponsored a youth concert. The event culminated
with a public concert for an audience of 2,000 people

that also launched Long Beach's celebration of October
as the city’s arts month.

September

Publicity Campaign The Office of Public Affairs’
publicity campaign for Hispanic Heritage Month in-
cluded news releases, radio advertisements on a Spanish-
language station, ads in three local Spanish-language
newspapers, and Spanish-language telephone recordings
at the Smithsonian Information Center. In addition, the
office produced 15,000 post cards advertising Smithson-
ian activities for Hispanic Heritage Month and had
them placed in racks throughout the Washington area
from September 13 through 30.

September 8

8 Reorganization The Center for Museum Studies
begins a reorganization, merging with the Smithsonian
Office of Education. The new alignment will preserve
the center's mission to advance and enrich knowledge
about museum theories and practices. It will also serve
to enhance the capabilities of both offices to build a rich
mix of constituencies for the Smithsonian.

September r5

= Public Event The National Portrait Gallery, with the
Hispanic Heritage Month Planning Committee of the
Smithsonian Office of Education, presented the Latino
Film Festival Opening Celebration. The opening
celebration was made possible with major support from
Home Box Office and a generous contribution from the
Washington Post and the Embassy of Argentina. Wel-
come and opening remarks were given by Alan Fern
and I. Michael Heyman. Panels included “Immigration
and Public Education” and “Latino Images in Film and
Television.”

September 15-16
® Course The two-day course “Just in Time: Disaster
Preparedness for Paper-Based Collections,” part of the
Smithsonian Center for Materials Research and Educa-
tion’s RELACT program, focused on developing a dis-
aster plan, as well as preservation management of
collections before, during, and after emergencies. A
workshop included a hands-on exercise for rescuing
water-damaged documents.

41

September 18-November 29

@ Exhibition “Andy Warhol's Flash—November 22,
1963” was on view at the National Portrait Gallery.
Warhol's portfolio of 14 silkscreen prints reinterprets
the assassination of President John F. Kennedy and the
barrage of print and broadcast coverage that ensued.
The color prints, manipulating the photographic images
that the public saw repeatedly in the press and on tele-
vision, cover the four days between the shooting and the
funeral. Accompanied by a stark narration based on tele-
type reports, the portfolio combines verbal and visual ele-
ments to capture the overwhelming public experience of
the assassination.

September 19

© Special Event The Smithsonian Associates’ Young Bene-
factors produced its ninth annual black-tie gala ar the National
Air and Space Museum. This glittering event raises more
than $100,000 each year for the Smithsonian Institution.

September 19 and October 17

@ Public Programs National Museum of American His-
tory launched a new series of family programs under the
name “OurStory” as part of an effort to bring history to life
for museum visitors from preschoolers to adults. OurStory
explores America’s rich cultural heritage through Museum
objects, quality children’s literature told by the authors or
by storytellers, and hands-on activities.

September 20-February 28

@ Exhibition The exhibition “South Africa 1936-1949:
Photographs by Constance Stuart Larrabee” was the first
public presentation of an important collection of black-
and-white photographs of South Africa given to the
museum by the photographer in 1997. In addition to
the photographs, the collection includes Larrabee’s en-
tire personal documentation of her photographic ac-
tivities in South Africa, which has never before been
made available to researchers. The collection is the basis
of ongoing study and future publication.

September 21-22
= Symposium “Patterns and Process—A Symposium in
Tribute to Edward V. Sayre” was sponsored by the
Smithsonian Center for Materials Research and Educa-
tion to honor the outstanding contributions made at the
intersection of science and the humanities by retired

42

staff member Dr. Edward V. Sayre. His many ground-
breaking endeavors, which range widely from conservation
science to analytical and technical studies of historic and ar-
tistic works, and his leadership efforts in the area of the
characterization of archaeological materials, have brought
him international acclaim. Not only have his immediate
achievements been of exceptional merit, but his accomp-
lishments as both a formal and informal teacher have ex-
tended his influence far beyond his own specific research
efforts. Symposium participants included former colleagues
and students from the United States, England, and Greece.

September 21-25
@ Course The course “Applied Optical Microscopy,”
the first in a series, provided the foundation for ad-
vanced optical microscopy applications and training at
the Smithsonian Center for Materials Research and
Education. Subjects addressed included sample selection
and preparation; microscope specifications, selection,
and set-up; design and layout of microscopy spaces;
function and use; imaging and photomicrography;
specialized techniques and limits of material identifica-
tion; documentation and analysis; and introduction to
specialized applications, such as archaeobotany, coating
materials, and natural history specimens.

September 24

@ International Technical Assistance The Smithsonian
Accessibility Program presented information on the
application of Universal Design principles in museums
to barrier-free design professionals with the NEC

Corporation.

September 26—-January 4

ws Exhibition “Mathew Brady’s Portraits: Images as His-
tory, Photography as Art,” was on view at the National
Portrait Gallery. This was the most comprehensive ex-
hibition devoted to Brady's career in more than a cen-
tury. More than one hundred images were on view
representing Brady's work in every form, including, for
the first time, examples of his collaboration with artists
to create oil paintings, lithographs, and wood engrav-
ings based on photographs.

September 26—January 25

@ Exhibition “Edith Wharton’s World: Portraits of
People and Places” was on view at the National Portrait
Gallery. Born into an atmosphere of material luxury,

Edith Wharton (1862-1937) transformed her careful
observations of the elite, cosmopolitan society in which
she moved into such American classics as The Age of
Innocence and The House of Mirth.

September 26-27

§ Fiesta Musical Fiesta Musical, a festival for Hispanic
Heritage Month, brought Latino jazz and traditional
dances to the Zoo for a celebration of Hispanic culture.

September 29

= Exhzbition Smithsonian Institution Archives and its

Institutional History Division open the exhibition

“Baird's Dream: The Arts and Industries Building,”
tracing the history of the A&I Building from
Secretary Baird's initial ideas of a U.S. National
Museum to the innovative exhibitions of today. An
on-line version of the exhibition is available on SIA’s
Web site.

September 30

8 Award The Tropical Research Institute's Game
Warden Force received the Panama Canal Honorary
Public Service Award in recognition of the important
service to the community by protecting the Barro
Colorado Nature Monument, an integral part of the
Panama Canal Watershed.

43

Reports of the Bureaus
and Offices of

the Smithsonian
Institution for Fiscal
Year 1998

Office of Planning, Management, and
Budget

L. Carole Wharton, Director

Mission Statement

The Office of Planning, Management, and Budget (OPMB) as-
sists the Secretary and Board of Regents in setting priorities,
determining the best allocation of resources, and measuring
performance. OPMB gathers, analyzes, and presents resource
needs and information to the Office of Management and
Budget, Congress, and the Board of Regents to facilicate wise
and favorable evaluation. OPMB also provides services to
central and unit managers that foster the planning, allocation,
and management of Institutional resources.

In addition, the Office also develops and disseminates In-
stitutional announcements and policy directives.

Budget Management, Planning and Policy Systems
(BUMPPS)

The BUMPPS team developed a new security foundation and
implemented it with the new release of BUMPPS in FY 1998.
The Unit Budget Allocation and Budget Transfer modules
were modified to include the enhancements submitted by the
users in 1997 survey.

The Call for Plans and Call for Budgets were fully
automated in 1998. This included the mission statement, in-
itiatives, fund-raising priorities, fund-raising development
plans, risk assessments, items of increase, workyear resource
summary, resources by program category, and information
technology.

44

BUMPPS released four new modules. The Salaries and
Projections Worksheet allows units to project their salaries
and benefits for the current year. The Initial Budget Spending
Plan allows users to create and spread their initial budget
spending plans for nonallocated funds to the detailed account-
ing classification key. The Working Budget Spending Plan
module allows the user to increase, decrease, and create new
budget spending. The OMB Non-Allocated Resources
module allows the user to review and update current fiscal
year income and expenses projections and enter outyear in-
come and expenses projections for nonallocated funds.

Strategic and Performance Plans

OPMB continued to work with senior management and
various units across the Institution to update the annual per-
formance plan for inclusion in the FY 2000 budget request to
the Office of Management and Budget and Congress in the
fall of 1998. Additional targets and measures linked to the five-
year strategic plan and tied to the Instirution’s programs were
developed and included in the FY 2000 plan. OPMB also
worked with the Under Secretary and Provost to develop a
process for collecting information on the status of the various
goals and measures included in the FY 1999 performance plan.
This information will be used to prepare the first annual per-
formance report, in line with the Government Performance
and Results Act of 1993, which will be submitted to OMB
and the Congress in March 2000.

Team-Based Organization (TBO)

Faced with the multiple challenges of office mergers, highly
specialized staff, and an increasingly complex set of needs on
the part of client’s offices, OPMB has abandoned its formerly
hierarchical structure and has become a team-based office. A
steering committee was formed to define the structure of the
new team organization. The experience of the BUMPPS team
provided valuable experience that formed part of the founda-
tion upon which OPMB began to plan and develop itself as a
team-based organization. In March 1998, the committee
presented the new concept to the rest of the staff, and by June
the structure was in place for the work of OPMB to be per-
formed by self-managing teams.

Office of Membership and Development

Robert V. Hanle, Execuitve Director for Development

Research is integral to everything we do at the Smithsonian.
It uncovers new knowledge, enriches our exhibitions, and
provides the foundation for our education programs. It keeps
the Smithsonian vital, and it inspires millions to return year
after year seeking fresh insights and stimulating challenges.

The many facets of research at the Smithsonian provide ways
for our supporters to share their love for the Institution and
their commitment to the spirit of inquiry in which it was
founded.

This was an excellent year for private giving at the
Smithsonian. We focused on helping our supporters build
their relationships with the Institution by exploring their
interests in different ways and by finding the right match for
them in the Smithsonian mosaic. Research was a guiding
presence, and throughout the Smithsonian development com-
munity, our perspectives are constantly evolving as the excite-
ment of discovery sparks new opportunities for giving. The
Institution received more than $92 million in fiscal year 1998
through the generosity of individuals, corporations, founda-
tions, and other friends, or 187 percent of private gifts raised
in 1997. Donations from individuals constituted $25.7 mil-
lion, or 27.7 percent of the total, including planned gifts from
individuals, such as charitable gift annuities, charitable
remainder trusts, and bequests. Corporations and foundations,
including those established by individuals, contributed $60.9
million (65.5 percent). Of the total funds raised, $75.3 million
was restricted to specific programs.

This major increase in support is evidence of the growing
recognition by a wide variety of audiences that the Smithson-
ian is a national treasure that needs philanthropic investment
to continue meeting the standards of excellence for which it is
known. The hard work of many volunteers and staff was
responsible for this success, and the momentum is building as
we enter our first national capital campaign. The Smithsonian
is indeed fortunate to have so many friends and supporters.
One thing remains constant: Our friends want the Smithson-
ian to keep pushing the envelope of knowledge and experi-
menting with ways to share it worldwide. Many are exploring
their interests through deepening relationships with our re-
search centers. Gifts this year included a large anonymous
unrestricted gift to the Smithsonian Tropical Research Insti-
tute, a gift to help the Smithsonian Environmental Research
Center fund an internship program, foundation support for
the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory’s Multiple-Mirror
Telescope project, a generous gift that helped us reconstruct
and plant new public gardens, and many unrestricted gifts to
help the Archives of American Art build, preserve, and
catalogue its collections.

The Smithsonian gratefully acknowledges the many in-
dividuals, corporations, foundations, and organizations that
have supported the Institution over the years, as well as those
whose generous contributions during fiscal year 1998 helped
us achieve the successes described in this annual report.

Smithsonian National Board

The Smithsonian National Board's generous gifts and unsel-
fish donation of its time and expertise are among the
Institution's greatest assets. Led in 1998 by Chair Jean
Mahoney and Vice-Chair Frank A. Weil, the board’s 51 cur-
rent, 116 alumni, and 14 honorary members worked tirelessly

as goodwill ambassadors across the country and often laid the
groundwork to help bring the Smithsonian to their com-
munities.

The Board Annual Giving Committee, chaired by Mrs.
John M. Bradley, this year focused on Secretary I. Michael
Heyman’s priorities of expanding the Smithsonian's electronic
presence and increasing opportunities for access to our un-
paralleled resources. The National Board gave generously to
shape education programs that experiment with new ways of
engaging people in learning. The Board Annual Giving Fund
raised more than $1.6 million for these purposes and for other
programs for which board members have a special affinity.

We extend our deepest thanks to Jean Mahoney, who com-
pleted seven years of board service this year, the last three as
board chair. Under her guidance, the board, working through
the Office of Membership and Development, played a key role
in organizing activities for the 1soth anniversary celebration.
Mahoney was a driving force in recruiting leaders for board
committees and engaging volunteers in productive work.
During Mahoney’s tenure as chair, regional constituency
development work advanced significantly, as teams of current,
alumni, and honorary board members organized working
groups to discuss ways of bringing local friends into a closer
involvement with the Smithsonian. Mahoney also dramatically
increased the board’s commitment to annual giving. This
change was due in part to strengthened ties between the
board and Smithsonian museums, research institutes, and
offices, which allowed members to pursue personal interests
and understand how the many parts of the Institution relate
to the greater whole.

In April, the New York Committee of the board organized
a special event at the Cooper-Hewitt, National Design
Museum in cooperation with the National Museum of the
American Indian and the New York regional center of the
Archives of American Art. A cocktail reception brought
together new and old friends of the Smithsonian, including
supporters of the New York “America’s Smithsonian” gala, for
a concert by the Smithsonian Jazz Masterworks Orchestra.
New York is one of our strongest bases beyond the National
Mall, and we were happy to showcase for our supporters the
many ways the Smithsonian is active in their region. With the
National Board’s assistance, we continue to build on the
strong relationships we established around the nation during
our historic anniversary year.

Contributing Membership

The Contributing Membership is the Smithsonian's annual
fund, an important source of unrestricted contributions that
provides support for research and other initiatives where it is
needed most. This year, the Contributing Membership raised
nearly $9 million.

The program also presents Smithsonian research to large
national audiences through its publications and events and
helps engage people across the country more closely with the
Institution. “Smithsonian Treasures,” the popular annual

45

series of behind-the-scenes tours, this year welcomed 70 Con-
tributing Members for an insider's look at exhibition develop-
ment at the Office of Exhibits Central, a curator’s perspective
on the Janet Annenberg Hooker Hall of Geology, Gems, and
Minerals at the National Museum of Natural History, a concert
on a classic piano in the National Museum of American History's
Hall of Musical Instruments, and an opportunity to explore the
Smithsonian Institution Libraries’ rare-book collection.

In September, the Contributing Membership introduced a
second behind-the-scenes tour series, “Smithsonian Focus,”
concentrating on a specific aspect of the Institution. This
year's program, “Smithsonian Architecture: Preserving Our
Buildings for Today and Tomorrow,” brought 20 participants
to Washington for an in-depth look at our buildings: their
preservation, their role in housing our collections, and their
stature as works of art.

In addition to their dues, Contributing Members gave
generously to special needs. This year was one of the strongest
ever for generating unrestricted support for research and
education initiatives. Many Contributing Members also
strengthened their support by upgrading their memberships
to higher levels, such as the James Smithson Society.

James Smithson Society

Research at the Institution requires a commitment for the
long haul, so that Smithsonian scholars can put emerging
knowledge into perspective over many years. The unrestricted
gifts of the James Smithson Society are one important means
of sustaining this commitment. This year, the society's 450
members gave nearly $600,000 through membership dues
and special gifts.

Six new members joined the James Smithson Society En-
dowed Life Program. Mrs. Alton Grimes, William Hopkins,
Richard and Elaine Kaufman, Shirley P. Sichel, and an
anonymous donor made this generous commitment to the
long-range work of the Smithsonian. An endowed Life Mem-
ber makes a one-time gift, and part of the proceeds is used for
the member's annual dues over his or her lifetime. This grow-
ing program helps provide essential support for our efforts to
focus on the big picture and plan ahead.

Shirley Sichel was also recognized with the James Smithson
Society Founder Medal for her longstanding support of the Na-
tional Zoological Park, its Conservation and Research Center, and
its New Opportunities in Animal Health Sciences Program. She
has founded the Sichel Family Endowment for Research to ad-
vance the vital work of these units. At the Smithson Society's an-
nual dinner, Sir Christopher Meyer, KCMG, British Ambassador
in Washington, and Lady Meyer joined Secretary Heyman in
presenting the medal to Sichel. The Meyers were also granted
honorary membership in the society.

Highlights of Corporate Philanthropy

The business community is a growing segment of support for
a wide range of Smithsonian activities. This year, corporate

46

support opened new avenues of exploration for millions of
people through research, education, and exhibition initiatives.

As planning for the upcoming capital campaign proceeded,
we drafted a policy for corporate associations that will help us
maximize corporate support while finding the best match
berween Smithsonian programs and the interests of our cor-
porate supporters. A Director for Corporate and Foundation
Relations was named earlier this fall, who will work with
Smithsonian administrators, directors, and development
officers to coordinate a strategy for engaging more corporations
in the Institution and maximizing their philanthropic support.

The Smithsonian Corporate Membership Program welcomed
17 new members and raised $1.027 million in unrestricted
funds. The program’s annual luncheon in May featured Marie
Knowles, executive vice president and chief financial officer of
ARCO and a member of the Smithsonian National Board, as
the keynote speaker. Education at the Smithsonian was high-
lighted in a new video produced by the program. The Smithson-
tan: America’s Classroom demonstrates the wide-ranging
educational impact of Smithsonian research in the classroom,
exhibitions, public programs, and behind-the-scenes activities.

The Corporate Membership Program awarded the second
annual Corporate Leadership Award to NOVUS Services, Inc.
(now Discover® Financial Services, Inc.). Thomas Butler,
then president of NOVUS, accepted the award and described
how the partnership berween the Smithsonian and Discover®
Card has benefited the company while improving education
nationwide.

The generosity of the business community makes a positive
difference in the number and quality of programs that the
Smithsonian is able to undertake. We especially want to recog-
nize the contribution this year of Polo Ralph Lauren Corpora-
tion, whose pledge to the Star-Spangled Banner Preservation
Project will enable the Smithsonian to preserve one of our
country’s most important icons and later rehang it ina
redesigned exhibition space with fresh educational and inter-
pretive materials. Polo Ralph Lauren’s partnership with the
Institution is an outstanding example of how corporations are
making a difference in the lives of all Americans through our
national museum and education center.

The National Air and Space Museum's Dulles Center cam-
paign also benefited from the generosity of the business com-
munity this year. The Boeing Company made a leadership
pledge to the center. Lockheed Martin Corporation pledged
major support in addition to its support for a Smithsonian In-
stitution Traveling Exhibition Service show on the Hubble
Telescope. Federal Express Corp. also pledged its support for
the center. Discover® Card gave a significant unrestricted gift
to the Smithsonian this year. The gift was part of the
company’s five-year commitment to fund specific programs
and provide unrestricted support. Discover® Card also con-
tinues its association with the Institution through an affinity
card program, which generates donations to the Smithsonian
with every purchase made using the card and makes a con-
tribution with every card issued or renewed.

NAMM/International Music Products Association gave a
generous gift to support the National Museum of American
History's “Piano 300” project, which will explore the history
and life of this influential instrument on the occasion of the
300th anniversary of its invention.

Foundations

Foundation support was strongly felt this year with programs
as varied as the historically significant Star-Spangled Banner
Preservation Project (through a leadership gift from the Pew
Charitable Trusts), the inventive Web hit “Revealing Things”
(supported by the Rockefeller Foundation), and the exhibition
“Speak To My Heart: Communities of Faith and Contem-
porary African American Life” (underwritten by the Lilly
Endowment and the Henry Luce Foundation). Foundations
value the Smithsonian as a partner for leveraging change in
people’s lives, both on the community and the national levels.
Through their investments in scholarly and popular education
programs, research endeavors, professional development and
training, collection sharing, and access to unparalleled exper-
tise, foundations help the Smithsonian apply its considerable
resources to enhance the quality of life for people around the
world.

Smithsonian Benefactors Circle

The Smithsonian Benefactors Circle this year honored two
longtime friends who continue to have a strong impact on re-
search. Dr. and Mrs. Herbert Axelrod received the circle’s an-
nual award in recognition of their gift this year to establish
the first endowed chair at the Smithsonian. The Herbert and
Evelyn Axelrod Revolving Chair of Systematic Ichthyology at
the National Museum of Natural History will have a three-
year occupancy and rotate among curators in the Department
of Vertebrate Zoology’s Division of Fishes. Dr. Axelrod’s gift
ensures the vitality of research in the field to which he has
devoted his professional life.

The Axelrods also established two chamber music endow-
ments in the Division of Cultural History at the National
Museum of American History to support care for their other
major gifts—four Stradivarius instruments and four 17th-century
instruments by Jacob Stainer—and to enable wider audiences to
hear these priceless instruments in live performance.

The Benefactors Circle continues as a way to honor friends
who have made significant commitments to the Institution.

Smithsonian Women’s Committee

The Smithsonian Women’s Committee, a volunteer group
chaired in 1998 by Paula Jeffries, continued outstanding
service through its coordination of the 16th annual Smithson-
ian Craft Show. One hundred rwenty artists were chosen from
1,600 applicants to exhibit at the prestigious show, chaired by
Eleanor Carter and held again at the National Building
Museum. Nearly 17,000 people attended the four-day event
in April.

The Women’s Committee raised more than $320,000, which
it will distribute in a competitive grants program. Proceeds
from the 1997 show, distributed in the spring of 1998, funded
27 projects in 12 museums and offices across the Smithsonian.
Research was a strong component, with such projects as an ex-
hibition on the famous and mysterious “Iceman” mummy and
a program of biology and wildlife management courses in
Uganda, Brazil, and China.

A New Rose Garden and Fountain

Outside the east door of the Smithsonian Insticution Build-
ing, a beautiful rose garden flourishes through the generosity
of individual donors. The renovated Kathrine Dulin Folger
Rose Garden is the gift of Lee and Juliet Folger and the Fol-
ger Fund in memory of Lee Folger’s mother. At the center of
the garden is the Gur-Karma-Rana Keith Fountain, restored
and installed as a gift of the Keith family: Gurdit Singh
Keith, Karam Kaur Keith, Mahinder Singh Keith, Rajinder
K. Keith, and Narinder K. Keith.

Juliet and Lee Folger are Contributing Members, and
Mr. Folger is the former chair of the Smithsonian Luncheon
Group and a supporter of the Smithsonian Luncheon Group
Endowment Fund. The Folgers and the Folger Fund are
generous contributors to many philanthropic causes in the
Washington area. Narinder K. Keith, a member of the
Smithsonian Legacy Society and a Smithsonian volunteer, has
supported the Fund for the Future, as well as the Freer and
Sackler Galleries.

A tree planted in the garden honors the memory of Joseph
Coudon VII, special assistant to the Secretary from 1980 to
1988. His mother Katherine H. Coudon Murphy established
the Joseph Coudon VII Fund for Acquisitions for the Archives
of American Art after his death in 1988 and has been a
generous contributor to the fund.

The Folger Rose Garden space has had a number of uses
over the years—a curved gravel entrance, a lawn, shrubbery,
and eventually a rose garden, created in 1978 and redesigned
in 1998. The three-tiered Victorian fountain was made in the
late nineteenth century by the J.W. Fiske Iron Works of New
York City. The Smithsonian acquired it in 1977 from the estate of
Nanette F. Dunlop. A new fountain in the courtyard of Blair
House, the President’s guest quarters, was cast from a mold of
the Smithsonian fountain.

The new Folger Garden is a tangible reminder of how valu-
able individual support is to the Smithsonian. The generous
gifts of Lee and Juliet Folger, the Keith family, and Katherine
H. Coudon Murphy have helped to create a restful spot that
thousands of visitors will enjoy in the years to come.

Smithsonian Washington Council

The Smithsonian Washington Council, established last year
by the Secretary and regional leaders, remained dedicated to
expanding the Smithsonian's relationship with the
Washington region. Chaired by Washington attorney and

civic leader R. Robert Linowes, the council gave unrestricted
gifts that will benefic research and education projects.
Members’ gifts also supported the Institution’s partnership
with the D.C. Public Schools, the Museum Magnet School
program; helped ensure that the Smithsonian Office of
Education's Web site reaches teachers locally and nationally
with lesson plans and other resources; made possible Teachers’
Night, an annual event showcasing ways educators can use the
Smithsonian in their teaching; and helped advance a planned
Education Resource Center on the National Mall.

Smithsonian Legacy Society

The Smithsonian Legacy Society, founded in 1996 to honor
our friends who carry on James Smithson’s tradition by
making legacy gifts to the Smithsonian, gained momentum
this year. Supporters continue to explore bequests, charitable
gift annuities, charitable remainder trusts, pooled income
fund gifts, gifts of retirement and life insurance plans, and
other giving vehicles. Legacy gifts are a growing and impor-
tant source of future support at the Smithsonian. Those whose
planned gifts are made known in future years will be wel-
comed into the society.

Smithsonian Luncheon Group

Chaired by C. Benjamin Crisman Jr., the Smithsonian
Luncheon Group is a circle of supporters from the Wash-
ington area who meet regularly to learn about Smithsonian
programs, from art to zoology. The group met five times this
year and visited the National Museum of American History's
Hall of Musical Instruments, explored Japanese art at the Ar-
thur M. Sackler Gallery, attended a showing of Ansel Adams
photographs at the National Museum of American Art,
delved into research at the National Zoological Park's “Think
Tank” exhibition, and attended a leccure about Mars by scien-
tists from the Center for Earth and Planetary Studies at the
National Air and Space Museum. The endowment that the
group established two years ago for education programs to
benefit Washington, D.C.-area youth continues to grow.

Capital Campaign

This year, we began planning in greater detail for a capital
campaign in which we will ask the American people for their
support to ensure that their Smithsonian remains a vital na-
tional resource. The campaign received a significant boost
from philanthropist Kenneth E. Behring, whose gift to the
National Museum of Natural History will enable the renova-
tion of the popular Mammal Hall and the development of out-
reach activities that teach budding scientists across the
country about biology and conservation. The Smithsonian
Board of Regents recognized Behring for his generosity, and
he was inducted into the Order of James Smithson, a distinc-
tion given to only four people in the Institution's history.
Another project benefiting from the early stages of the cam-
paign is the National Museum of American History’s Star-

48

Spangled Banner Preservation Project. Through research,
education, and exhibitions, the project illustrates the wide-
ranging support the Smithsonian must seek during its capital
campaign. Gifts this year ranged from $10 million from Polo
Ralph Lauren Corporation and a $5 million pledge from the
Pew Charitable Trusts to $5 donations from individual sup-
porters. In between, foundations, individuals, and many other
friends made gifts and shared their expertise so that the
Smithsonian can undertake the research necessary to conserve
the flag, better understand its history and context, and pro-
vide fresh educational and interpretive materials.

The Smithsonian Fund for the Future, an important vehicle
for the campaign and the foundation for a solid base of long-
term support, continued to grow this year. The fund is a
living endowment established through the generosity of the
Smithsonian National Board.

We also developed a strategic plan for implementing the
capital campaign and a case statement detailing the
Smithsonian's needs and its benefits to the nation. In mid-
September, the Smithsonian Regents gave the campaign their
official endorsement and committed resources to support its
implementation. This momentum and the early gifts to the
campaign point to a strong national interest from people in
all regions and all walks of life. We will also deepen our
relationship with the friends whose generosity and active
involvement with the Smithsonian are described in this

report.

Preserving the Star-Spangled Banner

The Star-Spangled Banner—an American icon and a great
treasure of the national collections—is undergoing what may
be the largest single textile conservation effort ever under-
taken by a museum. The three-year project, which is recog-
nized by the White House Millennium Council's Save
America’s Treasures program, has attracted wide public
attention, as well as generous support from corporations,
foundations, and individuals.

Polo Ralph Lauren pledged $10 million to the National
Museum of American History, the largest single corporate gift
ever received by the Smithsonian Institution in its 152-year
history.

“The flag is an inspiration for all Americans,” said Ralph
Lauren, chairman and CEO of Polo Ralph Lauren Corpora-
tion. “It captures the dreams and imagination of men and
women all over the world. Iam a product of the American
dream, and the flag is its symbol. We at Polo Ralph Lauren
are incredibly honored to be able to make this possible.”

The flag preservation project is also supported by a $5 mil-
lion grant from the Pew Charitable Trusts and a special $3
million appropriation from the Congress of the United States.

Other organizations that had contributed to the flag by the
close of fiscal year 1998 include the John S. and James L.
Knight Foundation, the Brown Foundation, Ivan and Nina
Selin Family Foundation, Susan and Elihu Rose Foundation,

Warren Winiarski and family, Montgomery Watson
Americas, Robert Hemphill, Abell-Hanger Foundation,
Rockwell Fund, the Veterans of Foreign Wars, the Ladies
Auxiliary to the Veterans of Foreign Wars, and the Society for
the War of 1812.

The complex preservation process involves first wrapping
the Star-Spangled Banner in protective fabric and carefully
removing it from the metal framework that has supported it
since 1963. Then a team of conservators, led by Suzanne
Thomassen-Krauss, will examine the flag and develop a com-
prehensive treatment plan. Early in 1999 it will be moved toa
custom-designed lab in the museum for conservation work.

When the 185-year-old flag returns to public view in 2002,
it will have been cleaned, restored, and installed in a four-
story climate-controlled display case—all made possible
through Smithsonian partnerships that preserve America’s
treasures for the public to enjoy.

Support for Online Innovation

Can an electronic museum experience be just as enjoyable as
the real thing? As online technology and content continue
their explosive growth, a Smithsonian program called
Smithsonian Without Walls is testing the possibilities. The
challenge is to create engaging Internet presentations that cap-
ture the sense of wonder and discovery visitors feel when they
come face-to-face with real objects in museum exhibitions.

With generous support from the Rockefeller Foundation
and the Merck Family Fund, the program has launched the
prototype for “Revealing Things,” an inventive online exhibi-
tion about the multiple meanings of everyday objects
(www.si.edu/revealingthings). A pair of patched bell-bottom
jeans, a chemistry set, and a Victorian-era gas meter are just a
few of the objects presented in the prototype. Using Smith-
sonian collections and scholarship along with material from
other museums and collections, the exhibition will combine
text, graphics, narration, and music.

Broad-based support is essential for innovative projects
like “Revealing Things,” which test the boundaries of public
education and outreach. Smithsonian Without Walls receives
no federal funds and raises all program and operating expenses
from outside sources. The Rockefeller Foundation and the
Smithsonian National Board currently provide program

support.

Smithsonian Women’s Committee

Millicent F. Mailliard, Chair

The Smithsonian Women’s Committee serves as an ongoing
source of support for a variety of Institutional programs
through volunteer fund-raising and public relations services.

In 1998, the Committee distributed $304,992 in competi-
tive grants to 27 projects in 10 museums and offices across the
Smithsonian.

The committee's awards program is the result of its success-
ful and profitable annual Smithsonian Craft Show, which this
year celebrated its fifteenth anniversary and was held at the
National Building Museum April 22 through 26. From more
than 1,500 applicants, 120 exhibitors in all media were
selected to show their wares. The annual event presents the
nation’s finest contemporary crafts and also raises money for
the committee's educational and outreach programs benefit-
ing the Smithsonian.

Smithsonian National Board

Jean Mahoney, Chair
Frank A. Weil, Vice Chair

Smithsonian National Board members work for the advance-
ment of the Institution as advocates and as private-sector ad-
visors to the Secretary and Under Secretary, as well as through
personal financial support and fund-raising activities.

This year a Campaign Planning/Fund for the Future
Committee under the leadership of Allison Cowles and David
Silfen commenced work to structure the Smithsonian's first-
ever Institution-wide capital campaign.

In calendar year 1998, Mrs. John M. Bradley chaired the
board's Annual Giving Committee. Under his leadership,
board members’ cumulative annual contributions totaled
more than $1 million. This support went toward construction
of a donor recognition room and for an Institution-wide mem-
bership and fund-raising database for donor cultivation and
stewardship in the capital campaign. The board's support is
critical to the success of many promising projects that could
not move forward without their directed philanthropy.

Archives of American Art

Richard J. Wattenmaker, Director

FY 1998 was an extraordinarily productive year for the Ar-
chives of American Art, the largest collection of documents
pertaining to the study of the visual arts in America. New col-
lections were added to its more than 13 million holdings, and
publications, exhibitions, and services to researchers fostered
new research in American art history. Highlights from the
Archives’ work in FY 1998 follow.

Collecting

After four years of negotiation, the Archives acquired the
papers of the Hans Hofmann Estate. Hofmann (1880-1966)
was a member of the Abstract Expressionists who achieved
fame and influence not only through his abstract paintings
but also by means of the school that he established in
America. Many American artists, such as Lee Krasner and

49

Larry Rivers, and the critic Clement Greenberg studied with
Hofmann. The Hans Hofmann Papers span the dates I9II to
1966, with the bulk of the material covering the period 1945—
1965. Roughly one quarter of the collection comprises per-
sonal papers. Fully half comprises art books, periodicals, and
shorter works collected by Hofmann and frequently annotated
by him.

Liza Kirwin, Southeast Regional Collector, traveled to Tesu-
que, New Mexico, in 1998 to collect the papers of Chuck and
Jan Rosenak. For the past two decades, the Rosenaks have
devoted their energies to studying and collecting twentieth
century American folk art. Their papers consist of their re-
search material gathered in the course of writing three books:
Museum of American Folk Art Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century
American Folk Art and Artists (1991), The People Speak: Navajo
Folk Art (1994), and Contemporary American Folk Art: A
Collector's Guide (1996).

Among other new acquisitions in FY 1998 was the Lily
Harmon's Research Collection on J.B. Neumann, which con-
sisted of Harmon's research material for a biography of art
dealer J.B. Neumann (1887-1961), who was director of the
New Art Circle Gallery, New York. The collection consists of
photographs, interview tapes, transcripts of letters berween
Neumann and art dealer Karl Nierendorf from 1925 to 1934,
and letters to Clifford Odets, as well as the unpublished biog-
raphy itself. Another notable addition was the records of O'-
Toole-Ewald Art Associates, including files on artists Louise
Nevelson, Clyfford Still, Roy Lichtenstein, and Kenneth
Nolan, as well as materials on gallery owners and collectors.
The Archives also acquired documents from artist Joseph Sol-
man (b. 1909) and the Richard Wunder Research Collection
on Harriet Blackstone, a painter who was a turn-of-the-cen-
tury colleague and friend of William Merritt Chase and
Thomas Dewing.

A major addition to the Archives was approximately 100
feet of the papers of sculptor/painter Claire Falkenstein (1908—
1997). More than 60 sketchbooks and a large number of draw-
ings complete this significant collection. Among Falkenstein’s
famous commissions were the gates at the home (and now
museum) of Peggy Guggenheim in Venice. The Archives col-
lected an addition to the Jacob Lawrence/Gwendolyn Knight
Papers, including three feet of correspondence with art
museums, galleries, and friends. Also added were the papers
of Los Angeles artist John Altoon [Alroonian] (1925-1969),
who was a major figure in the Los Angeles art scene from the
late 1950s until his death. The Archives collected the papers of
Beniamino Buffano (1889-1970), documenting the life and
career of San Francisco's favorite sculptor.

Other collections include additions to the Betty Parsons
Papers, comprising correspondence (1944-1982), calen-
dars/date books (1933-1981), and exhibition announcements
and clippings (1929-1944). Additions were made to the
Eugene Goosen Papers, the William I. Homer Papers, and the
Reginald Marsh Papers, as well as a gift of papers (1946-1989)
from the sculptor Dmitri Hadzi (b. 1921). The Archives ac-

50

quired papers from the New York sculptor William Walcutt
(1819-1882). These papers include a handwritten journal
documenting his voyage from New York City to London in
1852 and a notebook containing notes made during the
voyage, as well as a sketchbook dating ca. 1853 and letters writ-
ten berween 1878 and 1880. The Archives also collected select
papers from the estate of Herbert Waide Hemphill, Jr. (1929-
1998), folk art collector, founder of the Museum of American
Folk Art, and Smithsonian benefactor.

On March 18-21, 1998, Director Richard Wattenmaker and
Southeast Regional Collector Dr. Liza Kirwin traveled to Puer-
to Rico to meet with directors of museums and archives and
explore a potential microfilming project documenting art in
Puerto Rico. Their trip underscored the significance of the
Archives’ current (FY 1998) survey of art-related manuscript
material in Puerto Rico as the foundation for future research
and microfilming. The trip was underwritten by a generous
grant from the Smithsonian Latino Initiatives Fund. Dr. Wat-
tenmaker and Ms. Kirwin visited Puerto Rico's major cultural
institutions, including the Luis Mufios Marin Foundation, the
Museum of Art in Ponce, the Institute of Puerto Rican Cul-
ture, the University of Puerto Rico at Rio Pedras, and the
Athenaeum.

The Archives received a grant from the Smithsonian Latino
Initiatives Fund administered by the Office of the Provost in
the amount of $42,984, which will fund Spanish-to-English
translations of 12 oral history interviews with Cuban-
American artists that are currently being conducted. The
money will also allow the Archives to broaden the current sur-
vey of art-related manuscript material in Puerto Rico that was
described above to include a field survey of the papers of Puer-
to Rican artists in New York, which will be compiled of infor-
mation about the papers of prominent Puerto Rican artists
living in New York City and will survey personal papers at
museums, historical societies, research institutions, and arts
organizations. The two surveys, one in Puerto Rico and the
other in New York, promise to illuminate the separate but in-
terrelared culture of Puerto Rican artists and greatly enhance
the Archives’ sources for cross-cultural research.

The Archives held a four-day meeting of its Regional Col-
lectors from around the country October 20-23, 1997. The ses-
sions provided an opportunity for Washington staff to meet
and discuss a wide variety of Archives’ issues with collectors
from New York, Boston, the Southeast, and the West Coast.
Topics covered included collections management policies and
procedures, with particular emphasis on processing of archival
collections and registrarial standards; administrative policies
and procedures; development planning; and collecting
guidelines.

Publications and OnLine Services

The Archives published A Finding Aid to the Rockwell Kent
Papers, which was underwritten by a generous grant from The
Henry Luce Foundation, Inc., which also funded the process-
ing of the collection. Rockwell Kent (1882-1971), an energetic

and multitalented man, pursued many interests and careers
during his very long and active life, including architect,
painter, printmaker, writer, dairy farmer, and political activist.

In FY 1998, the Archives unveiled its newly updated and
revised Web site, which encompasses various categories, in-
cluding the history of the Archives, its collections, member-
ship information, list of publications in print, and its ongoing
programs, as well as links to the online catalog and our refer-
ence desk. The site is copiously illustrated by images and con-
tains selected documents from the collections.

In observance of Black History Month in February, the
Archives inaugurated online access to its guide The Papers of
African American Artists (1992), which includes photographs
and other illustrations describing the Archives’ holdings.

The Archives also presented on its Web site “A Guide to
Art Gallery Records in the Archives of American Art.” The
online guide contains the name and dates of each collection,
size, reel numbers (if microfilmed), and historical notes.

Outreach: Exhibitions, Education, and Research Services

An archival display from the papers of Tomas Ybarra-Frausto,
“Tomas Ybarra-Frausto and the Chicano Art Movement, 1965—
1985,” was on view in the American Art/Portrait Gallery Library,
in connection with Hispanic Heritage Month, September 18—
October 24, 1997. The show consisted of photographs of
works by leading Chicano artists, such as Malaquias Montoya
and Esther Hernandez; letters, including one signed by Cesar
Chavez; and many related objects. The exhibition illustrated
the major phases of the Chicano art movement from its incep-
tion in the 1960s to the present. The exhibition, organized by
Archives Technician Rosa Fernandez and Southeast Regional
Collector Liza Kirwin, was expanded and presented in the
Archives’ New York Regional Center display space February—
May 1998. The Archives opened the exhibit “El Movimiento:
Selections from the Tomas Ybarra-Frausto Research Material
on Chicano Art” on February 6, 1998, with a reception
attended by more than 100 guests, including repre-
sentatives of the Latino community in New York from
cultural institutions such as E] Museo del Barrio, the
Centro de Estudios Puertorriquefios at Hunter College,
and the Museum of American Folk Art. The Archives will
publish a finding aid to this important collection to
coincide with the exhibition.

Dr. Ybarra-Frausto, Associate Director for Arts and
Humanities at the Rockefeller Foundation, was former Chair
of the Smithsonian Council and Chair of the Latino Oversight
Committee. The documents donated by Dr. Ybarra-Frausto to
the Archives represent part of his research for the book Arte
Chicano: A Comprehensive Annotated Bibliography of Chicano Art,
1965-1981, which he coauthored with Shifra M. Goldman in
1985. The collection comprises letters, newspaper clippings,
exhibition catalogues and invitations, and rare printed
material concerning the Chicano art movement in the United
States and Latin America. The Ybarra-Frausto collection com-
plements the Archives’ extensive resources on Latin American

and Latino art and artists delineated in the Archives’ publica-
tion The Papers of Latino & Latin American Artists (1996).

Paul Karlstrom, West Coast Regional Center Director,
spoke at a conference, “El Suefo Americano/O sonho
americano/The American Dream: The Reception of Latin
American Art in the United States and Europe,” held at the
Los Angeles County Museum of Art in connection with the
exhibition “Mexican Masterpieces from the Bernard and Edith
Lewin Collection” on January 10, 1998. Dr. Karlstrom’s paper,
“Mexico, Muralism, and Modernism in Northern California,”
concluded with a description of the Archives’ Latino focus in
current collecting projects

The Archives completed its Interlibrary Loan Automation
Project at the Archives’ Midwest Regional Center where staff
bar coded a set of microfilm, consisting of nearly 8,000 reels,
that is used to service interlibrary loan requests from re-
searchers throughout the world. The software used for this
project enables the user to track the movement of reels
throughout the Interlibrary Loan System with additional
speed and efficiency. The enhancements to the Interlibrary
Loan Program will enrich the level of services provided to re-
searchers worldwide

Progress continues apace on various grant-funded projects.
The Judith Rothschild Foundation funded a project on the
Abraham Rattner Papers, including the processing and
microfilming of the collection. A descriptive finding aid has
also been written.

Thanks to a grant from The Henry Luce Foundation, Inc.,
three collections have been processed, arranged, and
preserved, including the Rockwell Kent Papers, which was
also microfilmed. Also processed were the Downtown Gallery
records. Microfilming and the preparation of a finding aid are
in progress. The Luce Foundation also funded the processing
of the records of the American Federation of Arts, which date
from AFA’s founding in 1909 through 1993. The collection is
particularly valuable for its documentation of twentieth-cen-
tury American art history and the wealth of information
about the numerous programs and exhibitions supported and
implemented by the AFA to promote and study contemporary
American art.

Archives staff also processed the papers of Cuban art his-
torian Giulio V. Blanc (d. 1995), which dated from 1923
through 1995 and are particularly valuable for the extensive ar-
tists files of both major and lesser known contemporary
Cuban artists.

Fund-raising

Lundi Gras XX XVII, “An Evening of Elegance,” was held on
the evening of February 23, 1998, in Farmington Hills, Michigan.
Benefit chairpersons were Mr. and Mrs. Morton L. Scholnick.
Mss. Kim K_ Lie, president of the Detroit Chapter of the Ar-
chives, welcomed more than 75 guests to this elegant affair,
which is the longest-running fund-raising event for the Archives.
The Archives received a $2,000 grant from the Pasadena
Art Alliance toward the transcription, editing, and reproduc-

SI

tion of oral history interviews of California contemporary ar-
tists. Mrs. Yoshiko Mori donated $12,000 to fund a video in-
terview with Richard Shaw, a Bay Area potter. Richard Shaw:
Love of the Common Object describes the ceramicist's artistic
philosophy and goals.

The Archives’ Annual Appeal for FY 1998 raised over
$35,000 to support Archives’ operations and to fund the
Brown Challenge Grant, which will establish the William E.
Wolfenden Fund for Archives’ publications. All contributions
to the Brown Challenge will be matched on a one-to-one basis
by The Brown Foundation, Inc.

Freer Gallery of Art and
Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

Milo C. Beach, Director

Much of the creative energy of the Galleries’ staff, friends,
docents, and volunteers was directed this year toward fes-
tivities around the 75th anniversary of the Freer Gallery of Art
and the conclusion of last year's observance of the Arthur M.
Sackler Gallery's first decade. An extraordinary outpouring of
art from generous donors; successful curatorial detective work
resulting in outstanding purchases; writing and production of
many publications; planning and funding of exhibitions and
research; and expansion of the Galleries’ constituencies
through public programs, publicity, and advertising marked
the anniversary years as a truly remarkable period of growth.

The anniversaries also have given the Galleries new oppor-
tunities to focus on establishing endowment funds to ensure
the future of important initiatives and programs, and to
launch major multiyear projects that could not be undertaken
without significant private support. I am delighted to an-
nounce that numerous donors expressed their confidence in
the Galleries by contributing funds totaling nearly $10 mil-
lion over the last two years. These gifts will support a variery
of gallery projects—from major publications, exhibitions, and
acquisitions to endowments for research and education.

The anniversary celebrations not only honored the Freer’s
distinguished past, but also forecast a bright future in tandem
with the Sackler Gallery. Together, the two institutions form
the national museum of Asian art for the United States, main-
taining separate collections and exhibition policies but shar-
ing their staff and a single mission. The Freer also is home to
a specialized collection of nineteenth- and early-rwentieth-
century American art, including the world’s most important
holdings of work by James McNeill Whistler (1834-1919).

Symbolic of this auspicious alliance was the presentation of
“Twelve Centuries of Japanese Art from the Imperial Collec-
tions,” an exhibition of painting and calligraphy representing
the taste and patronage of Japanese rulers from the ninth cen-
tury to the present and held at the Sackler Gallery. Their Im-

§2

perial Highnesses Prince and Princess Takamado were guests of
honor for the gala dinner celebrating the exhibition opening.

The exhibition served as a finale to the Sackler’s anniversary
year and the inauguration of the Freer’s 75th—a special
tribute to the continuing collegiality between the Freer and
the Japanese arts community that was forged by the Gallery's
founder during his first visit to Japan in 1895.

“Twelve Centuries” was organized by the Imperial House-
hold Agency, the Agency for Cultural Affairs, the Japan Foun-
dation, and the Freer and Sackler galleries and was made
possible by generous grants from the Henry Luce Foundation
and the Blanchette Hooker Rockefeller Fund, with additional
support from the Smithsonian’s Special Exhibition Fund, the
Japan World Exposition Commemorative Fund, and an
indemnity from the Federal Council on the Arts and the
Humanities. Its illustrated catalogue won awards from the
American Association of University Presses, the Art Director's
Club of Metropolitan Washington, and the American Associa-
tion of Museums.

Many dedicated individuals merit recognition for the suc-
cess of these anniversary events, but one extraordinary volun-
teer stands out as deserving our special gratitude. Without
the enthusiastic commitment of Cynthia Helms, I suspect the
anniversaries would have been far less productive and certainly
less memorable. Mrs. Helms served simultaneously as chair-
man of the eight-member Anniversaries Committee (with
Honorary Chairman Katharine Graham and Vice-Chairman
Ann Kinney), planning two years of special events, and the
nine-member Gala Opening Committee (with Honorary
Chairman Senator Jay Rockefeller), organizing the dinner for
“Twelve Centuries of Japanese Art from the Imperial Collec-
tions,” and as co-chairman (with Ada Linowes) of the seven-
member Freer Gallery of Art Anniversary Dinner Committee.

In all of these roles, Mrs. Helms was indispensable for her
creativity, persuasiveness, and plain hard work. Our ability to
expand and refine the Galleries’ offerings to visitors, scholars,
and far-flung members of the public will be enhanced far into
the future because of Mrs. Helms's leadership as a deft and gra-
cious constituency builder.

Incongruous as it may seem, technology is another aspect of
the broadening mandate of this and many other museums. As
recently as five years ago, I could not have imagined how sig-
nificantly computers and the Worldwide Web could advance
the business of running a museum. But today, it seems unlike-
ly that a museum director exists who does not understand the
crucial role technology can play in attracting a wider public
and making better use of a gallery's collections.

And so we are particularly grateful for the support we
received this year from the Smithsonian's Office of the
Provost, which provided funding for the Sackler and Freer
photography department to digitize and store on compact
disks some 12,000 color transparencies of art in the Galleries’
collections. When the conversion is completed, the images
will be accessible electronically for research, education, collec-
tions management, and public information. The digitized im-

ages are also being used to create an Institution-wide database
that will offer electronic public access to the collections of all
the Smithsonian art museums.

To efficiently manage these and other computer-based
strategies critical to our mission as a public institution
devoted to research and education, I appointed Michael
Edson, a staff member who had developed and coordinated
several impresive interactive computer-based programs, to
head a new Department of Digital Information Services.
Working with colleagues in other departments, the digital
information services staff is charged with managing and
developing effective new uses for technology at the Galleries.

Exhibitions

Summer is the season when museums on the Mall welcome
their largest number of visitors, as travelers from around the
nation and the globe take advantage of the Smithsonian's
wealth of free and enjoyable educational pursuits. To attract
them, along with local residents who work during the day,
the Freer and Sackler Galleries, joined by the National
Museum of African Art, the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculp-
ture Garden, and the International Center Gallery, have ex-
tended their hours until 8:00 p.m. on summer Thursdays for
the past three years.

This year's attendance at the Freer and Sackler during “Art
Night on the Mall” was up 54 percent from 1997, due in no
small measure to the Galleries’ rich selection of exhibitions,
films, and concerts. Just as they have done during previous
Art Nights, members of the Freer and Sackler docent corps
volunteered beyond their regular service to greet visitors, give
impromptu “mini-tours,” and answer questions about the
collections.

All the exhibition galleries were open this summer, with
“Ikat: Splendid Silks of Central Asia from the Guido Gold-
man Collection,” the Gallery’s first major presentation of tex-
tiles, attracting a new audience to this colorful and dramatic
array of rare woven silk, velvet, and cotton garments and wall
hangings from nineteenth-century Central Asia. One admir-
ing critic commented that the exhibition “makes a good case
for the elevation of textiles to fine-art status.” In conjunction
with the exhibition, the Gallery and the Smithsonian Associ-
ates cosponsored a two-day symposium on ikat textiles in Asia
coordinated by Louise Cort, the Galleries’ curator for ceramics.
Participants toured the Sackler exhibition and heard from
specialists on the ikat weaving of Central Asia, India,
Thailand, Laos, and Japan.

Summer visitors to the Sackler also could see “Sakhi:
Friend and Messenger in Rajput Love Painting,” a small but
potent loan exhibition that explored Rajput love poetry and
the role of the “female friend” in facilitating romance between
the heroine and her beloved.

Another summer exhibition, “Poetic Landscapes: Two
Chinese Albums,” drew on two seventeenth-century albums
in the Sackler collection to show the relationship between cal-
ligraphy and image in Chinese painting.

“The Buddha’s Art of Healing,” a presentation of 17 paint-
ings from an extraordinary illustrated medical treatise, on
loan from the History Museum of Buryatia (Siberia) and one
of the greatest surviving treasures of Tibetan civilization,
attracted a large audience of visitors interested in Buddhism,
Tibet, and the history of medicine.

“Puja: Expressions of Hindu Devotion,” the popular inter-
active exhibition and Web site that resulted from collabora-
tion among gallery education specialists, members of the local
Hindu community, scholars, and representatives from the
American Council of the Blind, the National Council of
Senior Citizens, the National Federation of the Blind, and
Gallaudet University, won the 1998 Accessibility Award from
the American Association of Museums and the National
Organization on Disability. The JCPenney Company provided
a $1,000 prize to the Gallery.

At the Freer, new exhibitions focused on aspects of the
collections appropriate to the 75th anniversary. “Arts of the
Islamic World” presented many of the outstanding objects
from a part of the Freer collection that has developed primarily
since the 1950s and grown significantly over the past decade.
Today, the Freer collection of Islamic art, together with the
rich holdings of the Sackler Gallery, make Washington one of
the world’s most important cities for the exhibition and study
of arts of the Islamic world.

“Charles Lang Freer and Egypt” featured a display of the
founder's acquisitions made during two trips to Egypt, includ-
ing examples from what is acknowledged as the best collection of
eighteenth-dynasty glass in the world. The exhibition organizer
Ann Gunter, associate curator of ancient Near Eastern art, is
writing a book on Freer’s interest in Egypt.

“Japanese Art in the Age of Koetsu” looked at the renais-
sance that transformed Kyoto into a vibrant hub of artistic ac-
tivity in early-seventeenth-century Japan and focused in
particular on the creative impact of Honoami Koetsu (1558—
1637), the artist who helped to inspire that rebirth. Koetsu,
one of the most notable aesthetic pioneers of the period, was
highly regarded by gallery founder Charles Lang Freer, who
was able to acquire several important examples of his work.
The four examples of Koetsu’s calligraphy and one of his
ceramic tea bowls on view were complemented by the works
of other major artists of the period who collaborated with or
were influenced by the multitalented Koetsu.

Public Programs

Along with a full schedule of exhibitions, public programs
attracted many visitors to the Galleries this year, especially
over the summer. ImaginAsia, which has become an in-
stitution for families and groups seeking intergenerational
ways to enjoy museums together, drew unprecedented
crowds and nearly overwhelmed education department staff
and interns. On Mondays and Wednesdays during July and
August, the galleries were filled with children and their
“adult companions” exploring exhibitions as part of their
ImaginAsia projects. An experiment with a late-afternoon

53

session extending into early evening as part of “Art Night on
the Mall” was a huge success.

Film programs this year included works by the “Beijing
Underground,” the next generation of young filmmakers to
follow the celebrated “Fifth Generation” to the Beijing Film
Academy; other films from China; and series featuring recent
productions from Iran, the Philippines, Hong Kong, Viet-
nam, Japan, and Pakistan.

Special programs during Art Night—Korean dance and
Indonesian music and dance—were held on the Freer steps,
enhanced by splendid sunsets and summer breezes.

Marking the opening of the Sackler exhibition “The
Buddha's Art of Healing” were five Tibetan Buddhist monks
from the Drepung Loseling Monastery in southern India.
During the first nine days of the exhibition, they created a
five-foot mandala, or diagram of the universe, in colored sand.
The process could be observed by a visit to the Sackler Gallery
or from afar on washingtonpost.com, which featured daily up-
dates on the process. The monks’ efforts attracted 23,286 fas-
cinated visitors to the Sackler. People arrived in a continuous
flow, watching as the mandala emerged, first in a pattern of
white chalk lines and then an increasingly colorful diagram as
they filled in the lines with fine, colored sand. After the man-
dala was complete, tradition called for its destruction and
deposit into a body of water, so that the sand could carry its
healing powers all over the world. Consequently, on the ninth
day, the monks performed a closing ceremony, then swept the
finished design into a container, and led a phalanx of visitors
to the nearby Tidal Basin, where, chanting, they poured the
sand into the water.

The highlight and finale of the Galleries’ full schedule of
lectures and book events this year was the visit by acclaimed
writer Jan Morris, who spoke on “Imperial Everest,” drawing
comparisons between British attempts to climb the world’s
highest mountain and British imperialism in Asia. Morris had
been special correspondent for the London Times and broke
the story of Sir Edmund Hillary's successful conquest of
Everest in 1953.

Among the ten concerts scheduled this year in the popular
Bill and Mary Meyer Concert Series were three concerts by
Musicians from Marlboro and performances by the Shanghai
Quartet; Cho-Liang Lin, violin, Hai-Ye Ni, cello, and Li Jian,
piano; Mitsuko Shirai, soprano, accompanied by Hartmut
Holl, piano; and the Brentano String Quartet, winner of the
Cleveland Quartet prize.

As the season finale, the Takacs Quartet devoted two even-
ings to the six string quartets of composer Béla Barték (1881-
1945). Included in the program notes was an essay, “Barték,
the Chinese Composer,” by Bright Sheng, who explains how
his own music is influenced by his encounters with folk music
in rural China during the Cultural Revolution, and by his
later interest in Bartok, who incorporated Hungarian folk
traditions into his work.

Presentations of Asian music regularly filled the Meyer
Auditorium and sounded from the Freer steps in concerts by

54

such acclaimed artists as virtuoso Wu Man, pipa (Chinese
lute), and Joseph Fung, guitar; actor Iraj Anvar and vocalist
Reza Derakshani presenting an evening of Persian poetry and
music; Asad Ali Khan, the last surviving master of the “rudra
vina” (bin), and Mohan Shyam Sharma, “pakawaj” (drum);
Sanjay Mishra, guitar, and friends; Ilyas Malayev and En-
semble Maqam, performing music and dance from Central
Asia; Karma Gyaltsen of the Tibetan pop band Chaksam-Pa
playing Tibetan traditional songs; the Gamelan Mitra
Kusuma Ensemble, a full Balinese gamelan; the Gundecha
Brothers performing Hindustani vocal music; South Indian
dancer Swati Bhise and vocalist Savithri Ramanand and her
ensemble interpreting the twelfth-century love poem “Gita
Govinda”; and Reiko Kimura, koto. Kimura is a longtime
member of the Japanese new music ensemble, Pro Musica
Nipponia.

Research

The Galleries’ research mandate has been enhanced significantly
this year by gifts that have allowed us to initiate important
research projects and publications. The Andrew W. Mellon
Foundation gave $600,000 to support a four-year study,
“Materials and Structures of East Asian Paintings,” that is
allowing researchers in the Department of Conservation and
Scientific Research to address long-standing problems in the
history and survival of works of art based on scientific
knowledge of their components. Designed and directed by
Dr. John Winter, the Galleries’ senior conservation scientist,
the project uses laboratory methods to examine the materials
used in Asian paintings, how they are made, and how they
deteriorate under various conditions.

In addition to a gift of funds to purchase an outstanding
group of Chinese paintings and calligraphy in honor of the
Freer’s 75th anniversary (see Acquisitions), grants from the
E. Rhodes and Leona B. Carpenter Foundation made possible
the initiation of rwo important research and publication
projects on Chinese art: A catalogue of the Freer and Sackler
jade collections by Jenny F. So, curator of ancient Chinese art;
and a catalogue of the Song- (960-1279) and Yuan- (1279—
1368) dynasty paintings in the Freer Gallery by Joseph Chang,
associate curator of Chinese art.

The Galleries initiated a series of Occasional Papers reviv-
ing a Freer tradition. The first of the new papers, Dara-Shikoh
shooting Nilgais: Hunt and Landscape in Mughal Painting, by
Ebba Koch of the University of Vienna, focuses on an impor-
tant Mughal hunt scene in the Sackler Gallery collection. A
second Occasional Paper, The Jesuits and the Grand Mogul:
Renaissance Art at the Imperial Court of India (1580-1630) by
Gauvin Alexander Bailey of Clark University accompanied an
exhibition of the same title. As guest curator, Dr. Bailey ex-
amined the exchange of visual imagery that occurred as a
result of Jesuit missions to India.

Two imposing monographic studies—Sultan Ibrahim Mir-
zaos Haft Awrang, A Princely Manuscript from Sixteenth-Century
Iran (1997), by Marianna Shreve Simpson with contributions

by Massumeh Farhad, and The Peacock Room: A Cultural Biog-
raphy (1998), by Linda Merrill—were copublished by the Freer
and Yale University Press this year. The Haft Awrang volume
was produced with the assistance of the Getty Grant Program
and with funds provided by the Smithsonian Institution
Scholarly Studies Program. The Peacock Room was made pos-
sible by a generous grant from the Henry Luce Foundation.

Acquisitions

We were surprised and particularly delighted with the num-
ber of related objects, even whole collections, that benefactors
generously presented in observance of the Freer’s anniversary.
Among the gifts, for example, were the most important
existing set of nineteenth- and twentieth-century Chinese
calligraphies—the Ellsworth collection; the finest group of
paintings and calligraphies outside of China by the seven-
teenth-century eccentric Zhu Da (more commonly known by
his sobriquet Bada Shanren); 15 paintings by the rwentieth-
century master painter Qi Baishi; a superb group of Chinese
seals; an assembly of tea ceremony objects that animates the
Freer collection of tea wares; a significant number of Islamic
manuscripts; and a single Persian manuscript of such com-
plexity that it too is a virtual collection within the covers of
one book. Those groups, and the magnificent individual gifts
as well, have almost all been gathered by true connoisseurs—
people who have spent years assembling a meaningful group
of objects, and whose knowledge of them often surpasses that
of scholars in the field. We are especially honored that they
chose the Freer to be home for these gifts, which have also in-
spired other collectors to make important donations. These ac-
quisitions can be seen in a continuum with art donated for the
tenth anniversary of the Sackler Gallery last year, when this
distinctive giving pattern emerged: A group of 181 Japanese
prints describing life in the port city of Yokohama, the entire
group shown ina very popular 1990 Sackler exhibition; two
major collections encompassing some 100 examples of callig-
raphy, painting, and drawing from the Islamic world; and highly
important groups of ceramics from West Asia, the Khmer em-
pires, and other regions in southeast Asia. In total, 898 important
works have been designated as anniversary acquisitions for the na-
tional collections of Asian art. We are grateful to those founda-
tions and private individuals who have contributed so generously
in honor of these important anniversaries.

Staff

Vidya Dehejia, a scholar who has served as the curator of South
and Southeast Asian art at the Sackler and Freer Galleries
since 1994, was appointed to a new position as the Galleries’
associate director and chief curator, supervising four curatorial
areas (Japan; China; South, Southeast, and West Asia; and
American art) and the education department. She continues to
oversee the Galleries’ South and Southeast Asian collections,
which include some 4,000 works dating from the second to
the twentieth centuries.

With a single staff managing the complex exhibition
schedules of the Freer and Sackler Galleries, the systematic
and prompt circulation of accurate information has emerged
as a critical aspect of the Galleries’ exhibition program. In
response to the need to standardize gallery procedures for ex-
hibition development and implementation, Cheryl Sobas was
hired this year as the Galleries’ first exhibition coordinator.
Ms. Sobas comes to the Smithsonian from the Brooklyn
Museum of Art, where she was exhibitions manager.

In closing, I wish to personally pay tribute to the entire
staff of the Freer and Sackler Galleries: These are people of
extraordinary talent, who have worked long hours, continually
suggested new ideas, carefully assessed possibilities, and made
all the achievements of this year possible. They deserve the
full appreciation of our expanding circle of friends and
Visitors.

Center for Folklife Programs and
Cultural Studies

Richard Kurin, Director

Collaborations with associations, communities, and individuals
marked the year with work on festival programs and restagings,
Folkways Recordings, ongoing projects, and educational
programs. The Smithsonian Folklife Festival’s success was felt
not only on the National Mall, but also back in Wisconsin,
the Philippines, the Baltic Nations, and throughout the Rio
Grande/Rio Bravo basin. The Center worked closely with the
Wisconsin Arts Board and the Wisconsin Sesquicentennial
Commission to feature Wisconsin as a state rich in ethnic
diversity, with presentations that included Hmong, Latvian,
Finnish, Mexican, Tibecan, Polish, Greek, Croatian, Swiss,
African American, and Norwegian crafts, foodways, and, of
course, music. Displays on the dairy and agricultural in-
dustries underlined the state’s slogan, “America’s Dairyland,”
with a red, Gambrel-style barn, holsteins that were milked
several times a day, a pigpen and show ring for presentations
on showing and raising pigs, and other agricultural presenta-
tions that revealed some of the lesser known yet widely
produced crops in Wisconsin: a cranberry marsh, ginseng gar-
den, a Three Sisters garden, and an Ojibwe Indian rice camp.
A decorated tavern was the scene for fiddle, tuba, and accor-
dion workshops, as well as sheepshead and euchre card games
and narrative sessions. Two music stages featured a wide
variety of music; one featuring soloists and small ensembles,
and the other presenting polka and dance music that reflected
a mix of ethnic sources, national traditions, and classical and
popular influences. Occupational and recreational traditions
were also highlighted, with presentations of cheese and beer
making, logging and wreath making, lure making and boat
building, and ice fishing. A highlight of the program came

55

on July 3 with a tailgate party. More than 150 members of the
University of Wisconsin marching band came to open the tail-
gate party by marching onto the mock football field on the
Mall and giving a performance of band music, and then closed
the event with a rendition of the “fifth quarter.” Governor
Tommy Thompson joined other dignitaries, including Packer
Hall of Famer Willie Wood, former Packer Tom Brown,
director of the University of Wisconsin marching band Mike
Leckrone, and Jim Irwin, voice of the Packers, who spoke
about football community traditions. The Wisconsin program
was made possible by and was produced in cooperation with
the Wisconsin Arts Board and the Wisconsin Sesquicentennial
Commission on the occasion of Wisconsin’s 150th anniversary
of statehood. Wisconsin corporate contributors included AT&T,
SC Johnson Wax, and The Credit Unions of Wisconsin.

“Pahiyas: A Philippine Harvest” marked the centennial of
the Philippine declaration of independence from Spain at the
Festival. This program was the result of several years of re-
search and development by the Smithsonian Center and the
Cultural Center of the Philippines. Pahiyas, a Tagalog word
meaning “gems” or something of value, given to strengthen a
relationship, became a theme of a program that was or-
ganized, in part, to connect Americans and particularly
Filipino Americans with the cultures of the Philippines. Some
of the very best community-based artists who demonstrate
mastery of their tradition came to represent their country, and
they were presented in contexts familiar to all Filipinos. A bas-
ketball court, always a focal point of any barrio or barangay in
the Philippines, hosted £u/intang gong performers from Min-
danao Island, Kalinga and Talaandig community groups from
upland regions of the country, and martial artists. An
elaborately decorated chapel was the venue for presentations
by a bamboo marching band, devotional singers and dancers,
and a rondalla ensemble. The chapel was lit up with elaborate
colored lights for Philippine-American Day and the Fourth of
July celebrations. Craft traditions were presented in three
cluster areas that highlighted the technical process used by
the artist: weaving, pounding, and carving. The small sari-sari
(general goods) store on the site, “4 Marias,” was the venue for
some very thought-provoking narrative sessions on topics as
varied as “concepts of home,” “Philippine centennial,”
“Filipino time,” and the “faces of gender.” On Philippine-
American Day, June 27, seven Filipino-American groups from
across the country performed on the basketball court and then
joined the Philippine delegation for a traditional procession
around the Mall. Afterward, all the performing groups joined
in presenting an evening concert. The Philippines program
was produced in collaboration with the Culrural Center of the
Philippines and the Philippines Centennial Commission and
was supported by the American International Group, Inc.,
The Starr Foundation, Bell Atlantic, the Philippine Centen-
nial Foundation/USA, and the Asian Cultural Council.

Issues of identity and resistance were at the heart of the pro-
gram “The Baltic Nations: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania.” During
the Soviet occupation, native languages and traditional customs

56

were suppressed; the large song festivals, held every four to
five years, provided one of the few opportunities for the
expression of cultural identity. Thus music and song took ona
special meaning, and music was heard everywhere in the
Baltic Nations program. In one very moving session at the
Lithuanian Village Table, participants from the Marcinkonys
Village Folk Ensemble sang music of exile, from the time of
the mass deportations to Siberia. In the Foodways kitchen,
members of the Salmanis Family sang Latvian songs on the
advantages of herring as they prepared fish soup. Craft
demonstrations from the three countries featured work in
wood, amber, metal, ceramics, and cloth, fence making, egg
decorating, and straw craft. Opening day of the Festival, June
24, was also St. John’s Day, or Midsummer Eve. Estonians,
Larvians, Lithuanians, and Americans all joined together to
celebrate the holiday with song, dance, and a large bonfire.
The Baltic Nations program was made possible by and
produced in cooperation with the Estonian Government and
Estonian Ministry of Culture, the Larvian Government and
Latvian Ministry of Culture, and the Lithuanian Government
and Lithuanian Ministry of Culture.

The Rio Grande/Rio Bravo Festival program was a preview
of a program on the relationship of culcure to environment in
the Rio Basin planned for the 2000 Festival. A very diverse
community was formed for this festival program, which in-
cluded 17 participants coming from Basin regions in Texas,
New Mexico, Colorado, and the Mexican states of Tamaulipas,
Coahuila, and Chihuahua; and colleagues from El Colegio de
la Frontera Norte (Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez), Mexico's Con-
sejo para la Cultura y las Artes, Colorado College, Narciso
Martinez Cultural Arts Center, New Mexico State University,
University of New Mexico, and University of Texas—Pan
American. Three thematic areas were defined in the program:
environment and contemporary communities, traditional
knowledge and management of environment, and local cul-
ture and sustainable development. In these areas participants
demonstrated crafts, ground corn, cooked on a two-hor-plate-
burner makeshift stove, tuned accordions, talked about plant-
ing and ritual cycles, and generally engaged visitors in
conversations on their traditions and on environmental issues
in their communities. A single stage served both for conjunto
music performances and dancing, and for narrative sessions
where issues of land and water, migration and immigration,
gender and occupation, education, resource management, and
more were addressed. Each Festival week closed with a proces-
sion to San Isidro, patron saint of agriculture. The Basin
project was cosponsored by E] Consejo Nacional para la Cul-
tura y las Artes with support from the U.S.-Mexico Fund for
Culture (The Rockefeller Foundation, Fundacién Cultural
Bancomer, the Fondo National para la Cultura y las Artes),
SBC Foundation, Texas Folklife Resources, and the Texas
Council for the Humanities.

The fourth annual Friends of the Festival Ralph Rinzler
Memorial Concert on July 2 was a tribute to Rinzler’s musical
heritage and featured Klezmer musicians who were among the

young innovators who created this distinctive sound of the
1930s, and musicians of the Klezmer revival. The concert was
supported by Friends of the Festival, che Ruth Mort Fund,
and The Recordings Industries Music Performance Trust
Funds.

As we have seen in the past, Festival programs do not always
end on the Mal! in Washington. This year, the 1997 Mississip-
pi Delta program was restaged in May in Greenville, Missis-
sippi, and the Wisconsin program was remounted in August
in Madison. The Philippine program continued with a small
group of performers traveling to Hawai'i to participate in
Philippine Centennial celebrations at the Honolulu Academy
of Arts, and exhibit signs were shipped to Manila for a display
mounted in the Cultural Center of the Philippines. In addi-
tion to program outreach, the research that went into all four
Festival programs also remained back home, in the form of
contributing fieldwork and Festival documentation to an ex-
isting or new archive, as well as leaving behind a group of
people trained in fieldwork skills.

Folkways Recordings celebrated a banner year with the win-
ning of two Grammy Awards and with the observance of its
goth anniversary. The very large reissue project that produced
the boxed set of six compact discs, ample documentation, and
a CD-ROM track on an enhanced CD—the Anthology of
American Folk Music—teceived two Grammy Awards in the
categories of “Best Liner Notes” and “Best Historical Album”
in February. A few months later, on May 1, a gala concert in
Carnegie Hall marked the soth year of the founding of
Folkways Records. Ossie Davis and Theodore Bikel served as
masters of ceremonies, and performers included Bernice
Johnson Reagon, Dar Williams, Mickey Hart, Ella Jenkins,
Los Pleneros de la 21, Lucinda Williams, the Mahogany Brass
Band and Norman Dixon's Untouchable Secondliners, the
New Lost City Ramblers, Pete Seeger, Ralph Stanley, the
SNCC Freedom Singers, Toshi Reagon, and Ulali. The con-
cert was supported by BMI (The American Performance
Rights Organization), Columbia Records and Sony Music
Entertainment, KOCH International, Smithsonian Magazine,
and TRO (The Richmond Organization). The Festival also
celebrated Folkways at 50 with three concerts. A children's
matinee featured Ella Jenkins and Larry Long with children
from rural schools in Alabama. “Folkways Founders” featured
Arlo Guthrie, Toshi Reagon, Josh White, Jr., and The Willie
Foster Blues Band, musicians who have carried on the tradi-
tions of Folkways artists Woody Guthrie, Lead Belly, Josh
White, and Sonny Terry—recognized this year with stamps is-
sued by the U.S. Postal Service. The third Folkways concert,
“Heartbeat,” honored Native American Women singers from
across the continent and celebrated the release of a new
Folkways album. These concerts were supported by The
Recording Industries Music Performance Trust Funds.

Other Center projects reflect ongoing collaborations with
communities and individuals. The Latin American Youth Cen-
ter, in partnership with the Washington metropolitan area
Latino community, the Historical Society of Washington,

D.C., and the Smithsonian Institution, recently created the
Latino Community Cultural Heritage Center (LKCCHC). The
mission of LCCHC is to research, exhibit, and preserve the
history and culture of the Washington Latino community.
Several Smithsonian units have been collaborating on the
inaugural exhibit scheduled to open in the spring of 1999.
The project was partially supported by grants from the D.C.
Humanities Council and the Smithsonian Educational Out-
reach Fund to develop educational materials to complement
the exhibit. The curatorial team includes staff from the Cen-
ter for Folklife Programs and Cultural Studies and other
Smithsonian offices, Latin American Youth Center staff and
interns, Historical Society staff, local researchers, and com-
munity advisory committee members. The African Im-
migrant Folklife Study continues to work with African
immigrants and organizations. A steering committee was
formed to bring together African immigrants and other
Washingtonians for exchange and dialogue between new and
established African communities in the United States through
research-based educational and cultural programs. The travel-
ing exhibition “Creativity and Resistance: Maroon Cultures of
the Americas” is organized jointly by the Center and the
Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service and is
scheduled to begin traveling in the spring of 1999. The exhibi-
tion addresses five centuries of ideas and experience reflecting
a legacy of freedom, survival, and self-determination through
contemporary objects, photos, text, and quotes.

Collaboration with teachers, with Festival staff and partici-
pants, and with the Smithsonian Office of Education culminated
in the fifth year of the Center's teacher's seminar. “Bringing Folk-
life into Your Classroom: A Multicultural Learning Experience”
drew upon the Festival as a “living laboratory” for using multi-
cultural resources and folklife techniques in the K-12 classroom.
During the seminar, which is administered by the Office of
Education and taught by Center education staff, Washington-
area teachers tap their own cultural backgrounds, study the cul-
tures featured at the Festival, and learn abour the research-based
methods of interpretation and representation presented at the
Festival. By the end of the five days, teachers must outline a
practical plan for using in their classrooms what they have
learned. The seminar brought together a record number of
teachers (18, in addition to several observers or auditors) and
hopefully it will lead to the ultimate collaboration of teachers,
tradition bearers, and students.

Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden

James T. Demetrion, Director

The Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, the Smithson-
ian Institution's museum of modern and contemporary art, is
committed to increasing the awareness and understanding of

57

art through acquisitions, exhibitions, publications, research ac-
tivities, public programs, and the presentation of the collec-
tion in its galleries and outdoor exhibition spaces. The
museum provides a public facility for the exhibition, study,
and preservation of 2oth-century art while presenting a
spectrum of contemporary work.

Research by Hirshhorn scholars reaped particularly reward-
ing benefits during the year. The scholarly persistence of
Judith Zilczer, Curator of Paintings, led to a discovery about
the subject of a figurative composition by Dutch-born
American artist Willem de Kooning (1904-1994) in the
Hirshhorn’s permanent collection. The painting’s male figure
had always been known by its descriptive title Reclining Man
and assigned the date 1964, but after a Washington colleague
pointed out that the face resembled that of President John F.
Kennedy, Zilczer began piecing together archival evidence
and recollections from de Kooning’s intimates and associates—
including artist Susan Brockman, sculptor Ibram Lassaw, and
photographer Hans Namuth (who photographed the painting
shortly after it was created)—which proved the painting repre-
sents the artist’s personal response to the national tragedy of
Kennedy's assassination on November 22, 1963. Both the New
York Times and the Washington Post reported Zilczer's discovery
in July, and she presented her research in a scholarly article for
the summer 1998 issue of American Art, the journal of the
Smithsonian's National Museum of American Art. Asa result
of Zilczer's research, the work has been retitled Reclining Man
(John F. Kennedy) and assigned the earlier date of 1963.

In the conservation department, conservator Susan Lake
also examined the work of de Kooning and other Abstract
Expressionists, undertaking new research into the paints and
pigments used by this group, for whom the descriptive nature
of paint was an essential factor in communicating a message.
Her analysis of de Kooning’s work in the Hirshhorn’s collec-
tion revealed various mixtures of housepaint, ground glass,
plaster of paris, and chalk on several paintings and provided
numerous other insights into the artist’s studio methods.
Lake's findings, which also touched on Jackson Pollock's
work, were later published in the National Gallery of Art’s
conservation research journal.

Tapping Smithsonian resources, this year's installments of
the “Collection in Context” exhibition series continued to
reflect an interdisciplinary approach by using nonart materials
to elucidate the form, content, and context of select objects in
the Hirshhorn's collection. An exhibition on French Cubist
sculptor Raymond Duchamp-Villon’s 1914 bronze Horse, orga-
nized by curator Zilczer, dramatized the artist’s pursuit of a
machine-based style by displaying studies and contextual
artifacts—period views of machinery expositions, examples of
freeze-frame photography, and rare scientific treatises—as well
as correspondence and documents. Material was borrowed
from the Library of Congress, Smithsonian Instirution Archives,
Smithsonian Insticution Libraries, and Archives of American
Art. Next in the series was a summer exhibition, organized by
Valerie J. Fletcher, Curator of Sculpture, on Henry Moore's

58

seminal 1937 carved wood sculpture Stringed Figure No. 1, in
which taut rows of string imbue an organic, natural composi-
tion with the logic of engineering—a fusion unprecedented in
the history of modern sculpture. Pinpointing Moore's source,
Fletcher borrowed two nineteenth-century mathematical
models from the Smithsonian’s National Museum of
American History that matched those Moore saw 60 years ago
at the Science Museum in London, thus spurring him to cre-
ate this first in a series of sculptures. To demonstrate the
relationship of the British artist’s innovations to sculptures
that preceded and followed it, works from the Hirshhorn’s
permanent collection by Constantin Brancusi, Naum Gabo,
Barbara Hepworth, Alexander Calder, and others were also
exhibited.

During the year, Fletcher continued her long-term research
on evolving issues, practices, and ethical questions surround-
ing cast sculpture of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Her work rook her to the archives of the Musée d'Orsay in
Paris, the Henry Moore Foundation in Hertfordshire,
England, and elsewhere to study a broad range of artists, tech-
niques, and materials. In June, Fletcher's capsule history of
the Hirshhorn’s 4.2-acre garden and plaza complex and a
work-by-work analysis of some 65 sculptures there appeared
in A Garden for Art: Outdoor Sculpture at the Hirshhorn Museum,
copublished by the museum and Thames and Hudson. The
96-page guide, made possible by a generous gift from Board
Chairman Robert Lehrman and supported by a grant from the
Smithsonian Women's Committee, provided a clear, in-depth
overview of the subjects, styles, materials, and conservation is-
sues embodied by the museum's comprehensive collection of
modern and contemporary sculpture, using clear language to
foster understanding and appreciation of each work.

The Hirshhorn’s exhibitions continued to provide compell-
ing, diverse aesthetic and learning experiences for visitors.
Stanley Spencer (British, 1891-1959), whose biblical scenes,
nudes, portraits, allegories, and landscapes have been little
exhibited or studied outside his native England, was the sub-
ject of “Stanley Spencer: An English Vision” (October 9, 1997—
January 11, 1998), cocurated by Hirshhorn Director James T.
Demetrion and Andrea Rose of the British Council, London.
British writer Fiona MacCarthy contributed an essay to a fully
illustrated 195-page catalog, and the show received major sup-
port from Howard and Roberta Ahmanson, Fieldstead and
Company. Among numerous public programs was a Sunday-
afternoon lecture series (October 12-November 16) exploring
Spencer's work from four distinct perspectives. “Stanley Spen-
cer: A Modern Visionary” was the keynote presentation by
Duncan Robinson, author of a seminal 1979 monograph on
Spencer and Director of Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge,
England, one of more than 30 lenders to the exhibition.
Judith Collins, a curator of rwentieth-cencury British art for
the Tate Gallery in London, presented a lecture titled “Sacred
and Secular: Stanley Spencer and His Contemporaries.” Then
came “Painting God in Our Village: The Religious Dimen-
sion of Spencer's Painting” by Nicholas P. Woltersdorff,

Professor of Philosophical Theology at the Yale University
Divinity School. The series ended with “Stanley Spencer's
Artistic Legacy,” an exploration by Hugh Davies, Director of
the Museum of Contemporary Art in San Diego. After closing
in Washington, the exhibition further introduced non-Britons
to Spencer's work at the Centro Cultural/Arte Contemporaneo
in Mexico City (February 19—May 10, 1998) and the California
Palace of che Legion of Honor, Fine Arts Museums of San
Francisco (June 8—September 6, 1998).

“George Segal, A Retrospective: Sculptures, Paintings,
Drawings,” on tour from the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts
in Canada where it was organized by guest curator Marco
Livingstone, appeared at the Hirshhorn February 19 to May
17, 1998. This four-decade retrospective honored an American
artist (b. 1924) whose evocative sculptures of everyday people
in urban environments have become signature works of
modern art. The show included such landmark works of the
Pop Art era as Cinema, 1963, as well as single-figure reliefs,
boldly expressive paintings and pastels, and the original,
mixed-media version of Depression Bread Line, 1991, recently
cast in bronze for Washington's new, much-visited Franklin
Delano Roosevelt Memorial. Public programs included a
dialog with the artist on March 9, an event so popular that
some 200 people had to be turned away, as well as writers’
workshops, two programs for families, and multiple screen-
ings of a documentary in which Segal’s singular working
method is shown. Ads in subways and buses illustrating
(appropriately) the Hirshhorn’s Bus Riders, 1962, appeared as
a public service by special arrangement with Washington
Metropolitan Transit Authority. The 62-piece exhibition,
which attracted sizable crowds and widespread local media
coverage, including two television pieces, traveled after clos-
ing at the Hirshhorn to the Jewish Museum in New York and
the Miami Art Museum in Florida.

“Triumph of the Spirit: Carlos Alfonzo, A Survey, 1975—
1991,” a large exhibition of paintings organized for the Miami
Art Museum by Associate Curator Olga M. Viso of the
Hirshhorn, came to Washington ina slightly abridged ver-
sion, appearing June 18-September 13, 1998. Featuring the
expressive, symbol-laden imagery of this Havana-born,
Miami-based painter (1950-1991), the show went far in estab-
lishing a place for Alfonzo, who died at age 40 on the brink of
broad recognition, within international art currents of the
1980s. A scholarly catalog with an essay by Viso and contribu-
tions from Giulio V. Blanc, Dan Cameron, Julia P. Herzberg,
and Cesar Trasobares accompanied the show, and Hilton
Kramer of The New York Observer, among others in the local
and national press, wrote about Alfonzo’s work with en-
thusiasm. The exhibition’s Washington presentation received
major support from the Smithsonian Latino Initiatives Fund,
and because the show had a summer time frame, public
programs were able to tie into the Smithsonian's “Art Night
on the Mall” program of extended evening hours on Thursdays.
Viso presented a three-part exhibition tour for Art Night.
Most notable, however, was “Latin Music on the Plaza,” an

outdoor concert series—the Hirshhorn’s first ever—that
attracted some 8,000 visitors over 11 weeks. The series was
cosponsored with the Prince George's Arts Council and co-
ordinated by Senior Educator Teresia Bush of the Hirshhorn.

The Directions series continued to introduce the diverse
work of artists establishing international reputations. “Direc-
tions—Toba Khedoori” (November 20—February 22, 1998)
presented three floor-to-ceiling wax-covered paintings on
paper by this Los Angeles—based Australian-born artist (b. 1964).
Organized by Associate Curator Viso, who discussed Khe-
doori’s work in a gallery talk on December 4, the show
revealed the artist's dexterous approach to phantom figura-
tion, as one critic has coined a current trend, in enormous
floating images of a rooftop railing, a cutaway view of a
house, and a section of empty theater seats. In “Directions—
Kiki Smith: Night” (March 19-June 21, 1998), an American
artist (b. 1954) who energized figurative sculpture in the late
1980s with her expressively anatomical images of the human
body revealed a new direction focused on nature. The show,
organized by Associate Curator Phyllis Rosenzweig, featured a
metaphorical, nocturnal ecosystem consisting of a diorama-
like photo-etching of animals interacting at night and, filling
the Directions Gallery's center, long platforms displaying
literally dozens of silhouetted and three-dimensional sculptures
of birds, stars, flowers, rabbits, cats, snowflakes, raindrops,
eggs, and other natural elements. Bringing sound and move-
ment into the space, “Directions—Tony Oursler: Video Dolls
with Tracy Leipold” (July 2-September 7, 1998) created a live-
ly, amusing, often unsettling environment in the first solo
museum show in Washington for this innovative artist (b. 1957).
Organized by public affairs head Sidney Lawrence, the show
presented six of Oursler’s unusual doll-like cloth figures—
from puppet to effigy size—wherein talking heads in the
form of live-action video projections of expressive, loquacious,
anguished faces confront and amuse the viewer. The artist's
most frequent model and collaborator, performer Tracy
Leipold, was the focus of this group of works. In a series of
public programs for Art Night, Oursler’s interest in film, the
media, and psychology (specifically a condition known as mul-
tuple personality disorder) was explored.

Notable acquisitions for the year included German artist
Georg Baselitz's carved-wood sculpture, Tragic Head, 1988,
exhibited on the lower level and featured in the Winter 1998
calendar. Also acquired but not displayed until later were
American artist and MacArthur Prize recipient James Turrell’s
outstanding light installation, Mi/k Run, 1996, and Pop artist
Claes Oldenburg’s important early soft sculpture Bathtub
(Model )—G host Version, 1966.

Public programs, some newly introduced, provided diverse
opportunities for education and enrichment during the year.
The 1997 Mordes Lecture in Contemporary Art, made possible
by Board member Marvin Mordes of Baltimore and his wife,
Elayne, featured Roberta Smith, longtime art critic for the
New York Times and, in the early 1980s, the V://age Voice, who
gave a lecture on November 2, 1997, titled “On Becoming

59

and Remaining a Critic.” “New Voices,” featuring the view-
points of emerging art scholars on changing exhibitions, was
developed by Senior Educator Teresia Bush and launched in
the fall. A “Young Artist” program started in the spring with
“Sketching and Music in the Garden” for all ages. The
popular George Segal exhibition was enlivened by a gallery
presentation by Argentine performance artist Guillermo Sil-
veira and by a poetry workshop that attracted nearly 60 par-
ticipants. “First Friday” gallery talks continued monthly, and
the popular independent film series included a range of new
and unusual works culled from international festivals and rare-
ly, if ever, screened in commercial movie houses. A sampling
includes Mat’ syn (Mother and Son), 1997, Alesandr Sagoruv’s
masterwork about a dying woman attended by her grown son
(in Russian with English subtitles), and Quien diablos es Juliette?
(Who the Hell Is Jultette?), 1997, Carlos Marcovich’'s offbeat Cuban
hit about a friendship between a teenager and a model starring in
a music video (in Spanish with English subtitles).

Trustee and staff changes for the year included the election
of a new board member, businessman and collector Mitchell
Rales, and the appointments of longtime Assistant Registrar
Brian G. Kavanagh as Chief Registrar, and of Linda S. Powell,
Curator of Education at the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort
Worth, as the Hirshhorn’s Education Program Director.

National Air and Space Museum

Donald D. Engen, Director

The National Air and Space Museum's attendance continued
to climb in 1998, with over 10 million visitors. Five new
exhibitions were opened, and progress continued on the plan-
ning and fund-raising for the Dulles Center, including the
campaign to raise $130 million to build the center, which is
due to open in late 2003. The Dulles Center will house nearly
200 aircraft and 100 spacecraft, most of which will be on dis-
play to the public for the first time.

The museum also embarked on a major renovation project,
which will be accomplished without ever completely closing
the building. The project will replace all of the museum's
“window walls,” the large exterior panes that give the
museum its distinctive look. All the skylights in the
museums will also be replaced. The first and second floor
ceilings will be replaced, and both the lighting and public
address systems will be upgraded. Each of the museum's arti-
facts currently on display will need to be carefully protected
or relocated. The project will be done in 11 phases, ending in
July 2001. Each area will be closed for approximately six
months, during which all the work in that area will be com-
pleted. Only two areas (totaling up to 30 percent) of the
museum will be closed at one time, and this for an overlap of
only 40 days.

60

Collections and Research

In fiscal year 1998, the National Air and Space Museum
revised its Collections Information System, converting to a
system that will allow museum staff and eventually the
general public access to collections information. Museum staff
members have begun the process of taking digital images of
collections objects that will be linked to the new system and
made available on the Web site.

The Collections Division also introduced a bar-code system
for NASM artifacts. As building 7 at the Garber Facility is
being renovated, the thousands of artifacts stored in the build-
ing are being removed. As they are removed, all objects are
being bar-coded. This will facilitate moving artifacts to
Dulles when that move begins. Bar-code information will be
integrated into the new collection information system and
will eventually provide an accurate and immediate update of
location of each artifact in the museum's collection.

Three aircraft that were on exhibit in the museum's west
end (gallery 104) were removed, disassembled, and moved
into storage at Garber. In their place, the Collections Division
assembled and suspended a Beechcraft Kingair and assembled
and positioned a Cessna Citation jet for the Business Wings
exhibition. The “Enola Gay” exhibition in gallery 103 was
taken down and the forward fuselage and other B-29 parts
were stored in the gallery for the duration of the museum's
renovation project.

Restoration continued on the Aichi Seiran, with the com-
pletion of both the aircraft's floats. Over 12,700 hours were
put into this project during the year and it is approximately
90 percent complete. Restoration continues on the Hawker
Hurricane with over 3,000 hours expended. Like the Seiran, it
is approximately 90 percent complete. The Nieuport 28 res-
toration is approximately 75 percent complete, with the
majority of the work being done by volunteers. The Soviet
SA-2 Guidelines surface-to-air missile was completed during
fiscal year 1998 and work continues on the restoration of the
transporter. The restoration of the Pitts Special Litrle Stinker
also continues with volunteers and is also approximately 90
percent complete.

Several other air and space artifacts were moved in and out
of the Garber shop during the year for preservation work.
These include World War II German aircraft, the Blohm &
Voss BV-155, and the Folke-Wulfe Ta-152, with work also
being done on the Dornier Do 335.

The NASM Engine Preservation Project also continued at
an extremely effective pace. More than 135 separate aircraft
power plants have been placed on mobile stands constructed
within the shop and preservation of these engines proceeds.

The new conservation lab at the Garber Facility was com-
pleted during fiscal year 1998. The new lab gives the
Division's conservation unit a suitable work space to continue
the conservation of objects to prepare them for the move to
the new Dulles Center.

In a ceremony on December 10, Museum Director Donald
D. Engen accepted into the collection a backup “Iridium”

spacecraft. This is one of the few “production” models in the
collection, and represents achievements in space communica-
tions and applications for the public.

The Aeronautics Division produced a Collections Rationale
(August 1998), which contains essays that relate to seven
categories of aircraft, including helicopters and lighter-than-
air craft and ten categories of non-aircraft artifacts in the col-
lection. These essays set forth the rationale for collecting
specific aircraft or classes of objects within each category,
based on their significance.

Members of the Division worked collectively to produce
the most recent edition of the Aércraft of the National Air and
Space Museum, published by Smithsonian Insticution Press and
edited by curator Robert van der Linden.

Martin Collins of the Space History Division earned his
Ph.D. degree in history from the University of Maryland. His
dissertation was titled, Planning for Modern War: RAND and
the Air Force: 1945-1950. John Anderson of the Aeronautics
Division published A History of Aerodynamics and Its Impact on
Flying Machines with Cambridge University Press. Von D.
Hardesty of the Aeronautics Division continued to act as
editor of the Smithsonian History of Aviation Series, publish-
ed by Smithsonian Institution Press. Among the titles pub-
lished during the year were Space and the American Imagination
by Howard McCurdy, and Eye in the Sky: The Story of the
Corona Satellites, edited by Dwayne Day.

With the aid of satellites, scientists in the Center for Earth
and Planetary Studies continued their research on Earth and
other planets. In August, Mark Bulmer, Andy Johnston, and
Fred Engle made the second extensive field trip to the Saban-
caya volcano in Peru, and used Landsat, Spot, and Radarsat
data to determine the likely paths of rock slides caused by fu-
ture volcanic eruptions. Such rock slides are similar to those
found on Venus and Mars because of the dry soil rypes, which
led to this research project.

Bruce Campbell of CEPS and co-workers have been study-
ing surface properties of Venus using both fractal models of
planetary roughness, as well as the polarization properties of
Magellan radar, finding that the electrical properties of the
Venusian surface materials vary with elevation.

Ted Maxwell and Andy Johnston continued work in
southern Egypt, surveying an area to determine the depth of
penetration of orbital radar through the dry sand, and dis-
covering an ancient drainage network beneath the sand
through the use of Space Shuttle radar data.

The National Air and Space Archives made two major addi-
tions to its collections. The Edgar Mix Glass Plate
Stereograph Collection consists of 38 cases of glass slides taken
by Edgar Mix, an internationally renowned early balloonist
and the second American to win the Gordon Bennett Balloon
Race. The slides reflect aeronautical themes, including both
lighter- and heavier-than-air subjects from the early 1900s and
various aeronautical events taking place near Paris during
1910-1911. The Malcolm D. Ross Collection contains
photographs, handwritten notes, correspondence, medical

flight records, reports, and articles relating to Ross's involve-
ment with Project Skyhook and his initiation of the Strato-lab
program for upper atmosphere research.

Exhibitions and Public Service

In March, the museum's annual “Mutual Concerns of Air and
Space Museums” seminar, cohosted by the American Associa-
tion of Museums, brought more than 130 Air and Space
museum directors, curators, and other staff together for three
days of trading ideas and information concerning our
museums.

The Aeronautics Division continued its participation in the
Curator's Choice lecture program. Curator’s Choice is
designed to spotlight significant artifacts in the collection
with a brief weekly lecture, most often given by the curator of
the object to visitors to the National Air and Space Museum.
Among the Aeronautics Division lecturers for this period
were Robert van der Linden (the X-1: the first aircraft to
break the sound barrier), Dominick Pisano (the Fokker
D.VII), Ron Davies (the Ford Trimotor), Alex Spencer (Wiley
Post's pressure suit).

Robert van der Linden of the Aeronautics Division con-
tinued to administer the General Aviation Lecture Series and
the annual Lindbergh Lecture. Some of the featured speakers
during the year were David Lee “Tex” Hill (“The Flying
Tigers”), Colonel Gail S. Halvorsen (“The Berlin Candy
Bomber, Operation Vittles, and the Cold War”), and Richard
King (“The Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome”). The Lindbergh Lec-
ture was given by William H. Dana (“On the Fringes of
Space: The X-15 and the Lifting Bodies”).

Five new exhibitions opened at the Museum between Oc-
tober 1997 and September 1998. “Star Wars: The Magic of
Myth,” which opened in October 1997, examined the mythol-
ogy beneath the Star Wars story and how the age-old tale of
the “hero's journey” is brought to life in the film trilogy. This
temporary exhibition proved enormously popular. In Novem-
ber the Venus section of “Exploring the Planets” was updated
to include recent images of the surface of Venus. In December
“The National Transportation Safety Board” opened. This
temporary exhibition examined the role of the NTSB in inves-
tigating aviation accidents and fostering transportation safety.

“Business Wings,” a temporary exhibit on business avia-
tion, opened on June 10, 1998. Curator for the exhibition was
Dorothy Cochrane of the Aeronautics Division. “Business
Wings” explored the role of aircraft are used in the business
community and showed the different ways that aircraft in
their day-to-day operations. The exhibition was made possible
through the support of the National Business Aviation Associ-
ation and features two significant business aircraft, the Beech
King Air Model 90 and the Cessna Citation 500.

In July “Earth Today: A Digital View of Our Dynamic
Planet,” was added to the newly renovated entrance area of the
Rocketry and Space Flight gallery. The core of this exhibit is a
theater that displays a computer-generated, rotating image
of the Earth more than a meter across, on which is shown, in

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nearreal-time, data relayed to Earth by satellites. Curator for
this exhibition was Thomas Watters of the Center for Earth
and Planetary Studies.

In September the Museum unveiled “jArriba! The History
of Flight in Mexico, Central America, South America, and the
Caribbean,” a temporary exhibition that examined aviation in
Latin America during the first century of flight.

The Exhibits Division was involved in a number of other
projects during 1998. The Apollo 1 command module in the
Milestones of Flight gallery was recovered with Plexiglas, and
the visitor information desk in the south lobby was renovated.
Design was also completed for the redo of the Douglas World
Cruiser exhibit in the Pioneers of Flight gallery. Exhibic team
members developed a concept for the redevelopment of the
Air Transportation hall, and a design firm was contracted to
handle the exhibition design. A planning document was
completed for “Explore the Universe,” a major new permanent
exhibition tentatively scheduled to open mid-2001. The ex-
hibition will examine how our view of the universe and our
tools for studying it have changed over time. The core of the
exhibition relates how space-age technology has transformed
our understanding of the universe and what scientists today
believe the universe is like.

Planning and development of a new IMAX film, Up, Up,
and Away, continued throughout the year. The film will ex-
plore all forms of vertical flight, from balloons and airships to
vertijets, with its primary focus being the helicopter and its
important role in modern civil and military aviation
throughout the world.

Continuing work by exhibits staff on the Museum's future
Dulles Center included the design of display cases and exhibit
units and the creation of a preliminary layout of the artifacts
for use by Museum staff and the contractor building the
facility.

National Museum of African Art

Roslyn A. Walker, Director

The National Museum of African Art celebrates the rich visual
traditions and extraordinarily diverse cultures of Africa and
fosters an appreciation of African art and civilizations through its
collections, exhibitions, research and public programs.

Acquisitions

Among the most significant artworks acquired by the
museum in the past year were a selection of 14 sculptures from
Central and East Africa and a rare Mbete reliquary figure from
Gabon; two fine Urhobo and Igbo figures from Nigeria; the
artist’s book Emandulo, Recreation, created in Johannesburg,
South Africa; and a sculpture, The Ancestors Converged Again,
by Ghanaian artist E] Anatsui. In addition, the museum's

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Eliot Elisofon Photographic Archives acquired two important
albums. One, dating from ca. 1886, contains 53 vintage images
taken in the then Belgian Congo. A second album presents 170
vintage prints from Uganda and Kenya, dating to 1897-1903.

Exhibitions

The first level of the National Museum of African Art houses
several permanent exhibitions drawing on the museum's col-
lection: “Images of Power and Identity,” “The Art of the Per-
sonal Object,” and “The Ancient West African City of Benin,
AD. 1300-1897.” In addition, in collaboration with the
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, the museum offers “The
Ancient Nubian City of Kerma, 2500-1500 B.c.,” a loan
exhibition of works from the permanent collection of the
Museum of Fine Arts, featuring objects from Kerma, an
ancient Nubian city that was located on the Nile River. The
exhibition was organized by the Museum of Fine Arts, Bos-
ton, and its Department of Ancient Egyptian, Nubian, and
Near Eastern Art; all objects are from the Harvard University—
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Expedition.

Also located on the first level is the Sylvia H. Williams Gal-
lery, which was the location of the exhibition “The Poetics of
Line: Seven Artists of the Nsukka Group,” showcasing the
work of seven leading members of a group of artists who have
studied or taught in the Department of Fine and Applied Arts
at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. In addition, on view in
the gallery was the exhibition “South Africa 1936-1949:
Photographs by Constance Stuart Larrabee,” the first public
presentation of an important collection of black-and-white
photographs of South Africa given to the museum by the
photographer in 1997.

The first level is the location of the Point of View gallery,
which presents small temporary exhibitions that focus on
specific themes or objects. This gallery was the site of two -
exhibitions this year. “A Spiral of History: A Carved Tusk from
the Loango Coast, Congo” (February 1~April 26) presented a
single carved ivory tusk revealing an artist's conceptions about
history and cultures in transition. “African Forms in the Furni-
ture of Pierre Legrain,” (August 16—November 29) explored
the influence African chairs and stools had on the work of
Pierre Legrain (1889-1929).

The museum's second-level gallery was the site of the ex-
hibition “Olowe of Ise: A Yoruba Sculptor to Kings,” present-
ing more than 30 major works by the Yoruba sculptor.

Many of the ceramic works featured in the previous exhibi-
tion “Purpose and Perfection: Pottery as a Woman's Art in
Central Africa” were reinstalled in the exhibition “Ceramics at
the National Museum of African Art,” on the third level.

Also this year, three contemporary works of art by Nigenan
artist Sokari Douglas Camp were on view in the museum's
pavilion.

Education and Outreach

The museum's educational offerings, which spring from the
permanent collections and special exhibitions, provide audien-

ces with provocative and insightful views of the world of
African art. An array of tours, workshops, and focus programs
gave students of all ages their first encounters with real works
of African art.

Highlights included a two-day symposium on the Nsukka
Group, contemporary artists of southern Nigeria and its
relationship to Nigerian art and culture, and a family day
held in conjunction with the exhibition “Olowe of Ise.”

The museum also participated in “Art Night on the Mall,”
offering a variety of programs during extended summer hours
on Thursday nights.

In addition, workshops and demonstrations by practicing
artists engaged attentive audiences eager to meet and talk
with African artists. For example, artists-in-residence, Nas-
souko and Amidou Coulibaly, Malinke textile artists from
Céte d'Ivoire, demonstrated how to spin cotton and weave on
a strip loom.

The museum also continues to make itself accessible to
people with special needs. Tours for hard-of-hearing visitors
were made possible through a portable FM Assistive Listen-
ing System. This system also allowed hard-of-hearing visitors
to participate in educational programs in the workshop and
lecture hall. Sign-language interpreters for deaf visitors were
available upon request for all museum programs.

Publications

Throughout the year, the museum published informational
materials to accompany exhibitions. This included brochures
relating to “The Poetics of Line,” “Olowe of Ise,” “A Spiral of
History,” “African Forms in the Furniture of Pierre Legrain”
and “South Africa 1936-1949: Photographs by Constance
Stuart Larrabee.”

Photographic Archives and Library

The museum continues to be a leading research and reference
center for the visual arts of Africa. The Warren M. Robbins
Library, a branch of the Smithsonian Institution Libraries, con-
tains more than 20,000 volumes on African art and material
culture. The Eliot Elisofon Photographic Archives specializes
in the collection and preservation of visual materials on
African art, culture and the environment.

National Museum of American Art

Elizabeth Broun, Director

The 1998 fiscal year saw many happy developments at the
National Museum of American Art. A dramatic increase in
private funding revitalized the Museum's 30-year-old fellow-
ship program. In addition to support from the Renwick Al-
liance and the Sara Roby Foundation, which supported two

fellows, fellowships were underwritten by Patricia and Phillip
Frost and Sheila W. and Richard J. Schwartz. Our widely
recognized expertise in Latino studies led the Rockefeller
Foundation to fund four Latino fellowships. An aggressive
promotional campaign, which disseminated fellowship infor-
mation through new brochures and the museum's Web site,
produced many high-quality applications. Nineteen fellows,
the largest number in the program’s history, will pursue inde-
pendent research based on the museum's collection in the
1998-99 academic year.

Attendance was up significantly, exposing larger audiences
to special exhibitions. “Eyeing America: Robert Cottingham
Prints” celebrated the acquisition of a set of the artist's
photorealist prints spanning three decades that focus on signs,
storefronts, and marquees, the emblematic details of the
urban American landscape. The Museum premiered David
Hockney’s 24-foot painting of the Grand Canyon, titled “A
Bigger Grand Canyon.” The work, composed of 60 small can-
vases mounted as one continuous image, presents a sweeping,
colorful view of one of America’s most extraordinary
topographical wonders. The Museum celebrated the final
weekend of its most popular show ever, “Ansel Adams, A
Legacy: Masterworks from the Friends of Photography,” with
extended evening hours until 11 p.m. on March 27 and 28.
Both nights featured live jazz, café dining, and screenings of
a video on Adams's career. More than 11,500 people took ad-
vantage of this opportunity, made possible by the generous
support of the Monsanto Corporation, to see the exhibition,
which attracted some 285,000 visitors in 18 1/2 weeks.

The Renwick Gallery, a department of the National
Museum of American Art, introduced the work of a relatively
unknown artist working with pure gold, steel, fossil ivory,
and precious gems to create extraordinary objects featured in
“Daniel Brush: Gold without Boundaries.” Beautifully in-
stalled at the Renwick Gallery, it drew unusually large atten-
dance (almost 50,000 in four months).

In July First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton helped launch
the second phase of SOS! (Save Outdoor Sculpture), a $1.4
million public-sculpture conservation program funded by
generous grants from Target Store and the National Endow-
ment for the Arts. SOS! is a nationwide public program
cosponsored by the National Museum of American Art and
the Heritage Preservation.

Several acquisitions by the National Museum of American
Art focused on the museum's heightened involvement with
contemporary art. The purchase of Megatron/Matrix (1995), a
multimedia installation by pioneer video artist Nam June
Paik, articulates the borderless reality of the contemporary
world and the central role of technology in modern society.
The museum's acquisition of Carlos José Alfonzo’s painting
Where Tears Can't Stop (1986) explores the personal iconog-
raphy of his Caribbean heritage.

Of many exciting education programs held, perhaps most
notable was the Museum’s first high school poster competi-
tion and award ceremony in conjunction with the “Posters

63

American Style” exhibition. The students’ poster designs were
so popular that the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
reproduced several of them to display at their facilities in
Veteran's hospitals nationwide.

Major planning was started at the National Museum of
American Art for an upcoming renovation of its home in the
Old Patent Office Building, the first in over 30 years, and on
the quiet phase of a capital campaign to raise private funds for
expansion space and new endowment for future programs and
acquisitions. As a part of planning for the upcoming renova-
tions, the Museum began making arrangements for an am-
bitious program to share masterpieces from the permanent
collection with museums all over the nation while the Old
Parent Office is closed to visitors in Washington. Eight
thematic exhibirions were offered to dozens of museums and
bookings began for the tours. The Museum also invested con-
siderable effort in finding a corporate partner for the touring
program to provide heightened visibility for this unusual op-
portunity for many Americans to see their national treasures
at a museum close to home.

National Museum of the American Indian

W. Richard West, Director

The National Museum of the American Indian is dedicated to
the preservation, study, and exhibition of the life, languages,
literature, history, and arts of the Native peoples of the Western
Hemisphere. In consultation, collaboration, and cooperation with
Native peoples, the museum works to protect and foster their
cultures by reaffirming traditions and beliefs, encouraging artis-
tic expression, and providing a forum for Indian voices. Through
innovative public programming, research, and collections, the
museum works to fulfill its mission.

Construction of the museum's Cultural Resources Center in
Suitland, Maryland, was nearly complete at the close of the
1998 fiscal year, with the museum preparing to occupy and
begin moving the collection to the state-of-the-art facility in
early 1999. The Culcural Resources Center, designed in col-
laboration with tribes and Native peoples, will house, protect,
and care for the one-million-object collection; serve as a center
of research, study, community service, and outreach; and sup-
port the museum's public facilities on the National Mall and
the George Gustav Heye Center (GGHC) in New York City.

A $500,000 challenge grant awarded by the Kresge Foundation
in July 1997 was successfully met in April 1998 thanks to the gen-
erous support of individuals, corporations, and foundations. This
response has raised more than $1.6 million for the Cultural Resour-
ces Center's completion and surpassed the October 1998 deadline
of approximately $1.5 million set by the Kresge Challenge.

Plans are well under way for the move of collections into
the new Cultural Resources Center. As collections are moved,

64

they will be digitally photographed to allow increased access
to the collections through the Internet.

In November 1997 the museum presented its biennial Na-
tive American Film and Video Festival at the Heye Center, of-
fering screenings of 70 films, videos, radio programs, and
multimedia products by 70 indigenous media makers from
North America and Latin America.

More than $1.1 million was contributed during this fiscal
year to NMAI’s endowment funds for the completion and
financial stability of its facilities and programs. Much plan-
ning and other work was completed this year in preparation
for the December 2, 1998, fund-raising gala supporting the
George Gustav Heye Center Endowment Fund.

“Indian Humor,” an exhibition of 87 paintings, photos,
sculptures, and mixed media works that use humor and irony
to dispel the stereotype of stoic and serious Indians, opened at
the GGHC in May. The exhibition addressed stereotypes
through sarcasm, irony, and humor. “Indian Humor” was
developed by American Indian Contemporary Arts of San
Francisco.

“The Art of Being Kuna: Layers of Meaning Among the
Kuna of Panama” opened in September at the GGHC with
Kuna tribal leaders in attendance. Featuring approximately
300 works of art, including vibrant molas (colorful, richly
decorated applique blouses that express all aspects of Kuna
culture), the exhibition illustrates contemporary and historical
Kuna life. “The Art of Being Kuna” was organized by the
UCLA Fowler Museum and features molas from the NMAI
collection. Support for the GGHC exhibition was given by
the Smithsonian Center for Latino Initiatives and the 1998
Latino Initiatives Fund.

The museum continues its commitment, under federal law
and museum policy, to repatriate human remains and objects
of religions and cultural patrimony to Native groups
throughout the hemisphere. Among the most significant
returns this year was to the Haudenasaunee (Iroquois Con-
federacy) in September.

National Museum of Natural History

Robert W. Fri, Director

Since the National Museum of Natural History first opened
its doors in 1910, it has become the most popular museum in
the world among young people, their families, and their
teachers. More than 165 million visicors—almost 6.5 million
in 1998—have seen the treasures of the U.S. national collec-
tions and learned about Earth and human cultures from the
museum’s exhibitions. Looking ahead to a new century,
Natural History remained committed to offering visitors ex-
periences that are both rewarding and fun. At the same time,
the museum worked toward fulfilling its goal of becoming a

museum without walls and the center of a national network
for science education.

The historic gift of $20 million dollars from the Kenneth
E. Behring family to the National Museum of Natural His-
tory in the fall of 1997—ar that time, the largest donation
ever made to the Smithsonian—will further both these goals.
When the museum's new Behring Family Mammal Hall
opens in 2003, its exhibits will reflect contemporary under-
standings of the adaptation and interdependency of species.
The Behring gift is also being used to fund two programs that
introduce museum collections and research to schools and
communities throughout the United States: Mammals in the
Schools, which provides museum specimens to school science
labs for study with the assistance of museum scientists, and
Mammals on the Move, which offers lively, idea-rich small
exhibits to airports, malls, and other public places.

Other wings to the museum without walls under construc-
tion in 1998 included programs that bring teachers and
museum scientists together on the Internet to create, test, and
disseminate middle-school science lesson plans, and the expan-
sion of summer-school and intersession science courses offered
in partnership with Voyager Expanded Learning. The
museum also strengthened its ties to other institutions
throughout the United States and around the world. In
Anchorage, for example, a partnership that began with the es-
tablishment of the museum's Arctic Studies Center within the
Anchorage Museum of History and Art has grown to encom-
pass long-distance learning programs for Alaskan schools and
collaborations with Native cultural centers to produce exhibi-
tions seen around the world. In Texas, the museum and the
Smithsonian Center for Latino Initiatives continued to share
ideas in research, exhibitions, and education with the San An-
tonio Centro Alameda, the National Park Service, the Mission
Trails Redevelopment Project, and the Mexico-North Re-
search Network. Natural History has undertaken a similar
partnership with the Miami Museum of Science to create re-
search and public programs to explore South Florida's rich
biological diversity.

Research was central to the museum's work in 1998, as it has
been every year. Outstanding examples include the following.

Through the museum, the Smithsonian was one of eight in-
ternational organizations to contribute to the International
Conservation Union's Red List of Threatened Plants, the first
global survey of diversity and extinction among flowering
plants, conifers, and ferns. The Red List shows that more than
12 percent of species in these plant phyla are threatened with
extinction or nearly extinct. Led by Jane Villa-Lobos, director
of the Department of Botany’s Latin American Plants pro-
gram, museum staff compiled rhe Red List’s data on North,
Central, and South American species.

To test the theory that humankind’s earliest hominid ances-
tors evolved in response to sudden environmental change
during the Pliocene epoch, paleobiologist Anna Behrens-
meyer, codirector of the Evolution of Terrestrial Ecosystems
Consortium, and anthropologist Richard Potts, director of the

Human Origins Program, and their colleagues analyzed
records of more than 10,000 fossils from the Turkana basin in
Ethiopia and Kenya. The fossils, representing 246 species and
spanning 4.4 million years to the present, showed no evidence
of rapid evolution during the key period between 2.8 million
and 2.5 million years ago. The results suggest that from its
earliest days, our genus has shown an ability to adapt to a
variety of habitats.

Paleobiologist Doug Erwin was chosen to be a member of
NASA's new virtual Institute of Astrobiology. Working
together on the Next Generation Internet, Erwin and his col-
leagues will research the very early history of life on Earth and
the possibility of life on Mars, Jupiter's moon Europa, and
elsewhere in this solar system.

Botanist Elizabeth Zimmer of the museum’s Laboratory for
Molecular Systematics and colleagues completed sequencing
DNA extracted from the leaves of a member of one of the first
families of flowering plants, a small tree with button-sized
flowers recently found on a remote ridge in Madagascar. The
discovery and study of this primitive species will help
botanists better understand how flowering plants came to
flourish on Earth 100 million years ago.

National Portrait Gallery

Alan Fern, Director

The National Portrait Gallery is dedicated to the exhibition
and study of portraits of people who have made significant
contributions to American history and culture and to the
study of the artists who created such portraiture. It collects,
documents, and preserves portraits in all media as both
historical and artistic artifacts.

“Celebrity Caricature in America,” a widely reviewed ex-
hibition and visitor favorite, featured cleverly stylized like-
nesses of colorful personalties from the 1920s through the
1940s. The exhibition will travel to the New York Public
Library in 2000, and was made possible by the Smithsonian
Institution's Special Exhibition Fund, the Smithsonian Insti-
tution Scholarly Studies Fund, the Marpat Foundation, the
Max and Victoria Dreyfus Foundation Inc., Mrs. John Timber-
lake Gibson, The Kiplinger Foundation, and NationsBank.
The catalog was published by Yale University Press, and went
into a second printing.

For the 50th anniversary of the Marshall Plan, the National
Portrait Gallery and the George C. Marshal] Foundation in
Lexington, Virginia, co-organized the exhibition “George C.
Marshall: Soldier of Peace,” sponsored by the Bayer Corpora-
tion Pharmaceutical Division. The accompanying catalog is
distributed by John Hopkins University Press. “Faces of
Time: Seventy-five Years of Time Magazine Cover Portraits”
commemorates Time's 75th anniversary and its gift to the Gal-

65

lery of original artworks for the magazine's covers. The exhibi-
tion and tour of four venues (including two presidential
libraries) were sponsored by Canon U.S.A., Inc. The catalog
was published by Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown & Company in
association with the Gallery. Other exhibitions included
“Making a Time Cover” and “Andy Warhol FLASH—November
22, 1963.” Work is under way on 11 other exhibitions opening
through 1999, and plans for touring exhibitions from the
Gallery's permanent collection during the time the museum
will be closed for renovation.

Approximately 300 acquisitions were added to the collec-
tions. Among them two drawings of Lincoln Kirsten by Jamie
Wyeth, a pastel drawing of James Baldwin by Beauford
Delaney, two watercolor sketches of Josephine Baker by Paul
Colin, and a drawing of Ben Shahn by Alexander Calder. Two
major bequests received were David Rittenhouse by Charles
Willson Peale, and Daniel Webster by Francis Alexander.
Other acquisition highlights included portraits of Edward Albee
by Menden Hall, George Inness by G.P.A. Healy, Michael
DeBakey by Peter E. Shapiro, a platinum print (ca. 1919) of
Robert Frost by Doris Ulman, a color carbro photograph
(1933) of Franklin Roosevelt's Second Inaugural Address by
Harry Warnecke, and a series of seven photographs of
American composers made in 1950 by Naomi Savage. Conser-
vation of 14 sculptures in the collection was made possible by
a generous grant from the Smithsonian Women’s Committee.

A two-day symposium, “Caricature and Cartoon in Twen-
tieth-Century America,” was sponsored with the Library of
Congress. The symposium “Portraiture in the Age of Photog-
raphy,” was organized with the Victorian Society in America.
The Selected Papers of Charles Willson Peale and His Family.
Volume 5: The Autobiography of Charles Willson Peale, was sub-
mitted to Yale University Press, which received a publication
subvention from the National Historical Publication and
Records Commission of the National Archives.

The newly named Center for Electronic Research and Out-
reach Services continued to bring the Gallery's collections,
programs, and exhibitions to the public via its award-winning
Web site (which received approximately 100,000 hits this
past year). The new Collections Information System developed
by Gallery Systems, Inc., and a joint initiative by six Smith-
sonian museums, was successfully installed. The Catalog of
American Portrait’s research records are included in the new
CIS database as well as the Web site's collections search. More
than 25,000 responses were made to researchers’ queries this
year.

Programs in conjunction with current exhibitions included
one-man shows on Robert Benchley, H.-L. Mencken, and
Mathew Brady and demonstrations of 19th-century photo-
graphic processes. John S.D. Eisenhower's discussion of Agent
of Destiny: the Life and Times of Winfield Scott was among the
many lunchtime lectures and book presentations. The July
series of Beatles tribute bands in the courtyard was sponsored
by Time magazine, Canon U.S.A. Inc., and the Henley Park
Hotel.

66

National Postal Museum

James Bruns, Director

The National Postal Museum, through its collections and
library, is dedicated to the preservation, study and presenta-
tion of postal history and philately. The museum uses re-
search, exhibits, education, and public programs to make this
rich history available to a wide and diverse audience.

Remembering the Promise

Inscribed on the front of the National Postal Museum build-
ing is a message that aptly describes the mission and promise
of this nation’s mail service. The inscription reads in part:

Messenger of Sympathy and love
Servant of Parted friends
Consoler of the lonely

Bond of the scattered family
Enlarger of the common life
Carrier of news and knowledge
Promoter of mutual acquaintance
Of peace and goodwill

Among men and nations

The exhibits, programs, activities, and publications of the
National Postal Museum are devoted to remembering that
promise to the American people.

Exhibitions

In 1998 the museum opened several new exhibits that
demonstrate the importance of that promise, including a dis-
play thar celebrated the centennial of the Klondike/Alaska
Gold Rush and highlighted the importance of mail to those
who went in search of opportunity and adventure in the gold
fields a century ago by creating an exhibit that focused on the
role played by the U.S. Postal Inspection Service in safeguard-
ing America’s mail.

The National Postal Museum also furnished an exhibit en-
titled “Reinventing Government: The Transformation of the
United States Postal Service” to the Spellman Philatelic
Museum in Weston, Massachusetts, that celebrated the 25th
anniversary of the creation of the U.S. Postal Service.

In honor of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's 116th birthday, the
museum dedicated a new exhibition, entitled “Mail to the
Chief: The Stamp Designs of Franklin D. Roosevelt.” This
exhibir was guest curated by Congressman Joseph Pitts of
Pennsylvania. This exhibit included the President's personal
sketches for postage stamps that were issued during his
administration.

In cooperation with Pitney Bowes Inc., the museum assisted
in creating “African Americans and their Contributions to
Messaging,” an exhibit that opened in Stamford, Connecticut,
at the corporate headquarters of Pitney Bowes. This exhibit

celebrates the scientific and social achievements of African
Amenicans through their service and communications
innovations.

Education

In conjunction with the Envelope Manufacturers Association
Foundation, the U.S. Postal Service, and America’s Promise:
The Alliance for Youth, the National Postal Museum in-
augurated a new series of educational activity kits that are
aimed a promoting literacy, reading, and the history of writ-
ten communication. The activity kits—called “classrooms in
a can”"—are provided free of charge to schools nationwide
with student populations that are disadvantaged or at risk of
failing. This five-year initiative was first envisioned in 1997
when General Colin Powell asked each museum director to
consider what could be done to reach out to such at risk
children. The National Postal Museum responded by pioneer-
ing the concept for a new educational activity kits that con-
tain instructional materials that allow individual children to
proudly create something themselves, while learning about
our shared heritage. The museum, and its partners in this
project, realized that something was needed that would enter-
tain and stimulate an at risk fourth-to-sixth grader, which is
the target point in many school curriculums where reading
and writing skills are honed. This is also the point where
many at risk children can be saved ... or lost! While the
museum had the idea for these “classroom in a can” kits, the
staff realized that it would require resources to turn this good
idea into reality, so the museum turned to the Envelope
Manufacturers Association and its Foundation and to the U.S.
Postal Service for support, and they more than measured up to
the challenge.

Wirth the help of our longtime partners, the museum is
committed to producing five different “classroom in a can” ac-
tivity kits over the next five years. The first of these cans was
released in 1998. The initial kit was devoted to cuneiform
writing, the first form of written communication. The emer-
gence of civilized society was characterized, in part, by the
development of writing. The earliest written symbols,
developed by the Sumerians, were pictographs impressed with
a stylus in soft clay tablets. The writing, or cuneiform, was
commonly inscribed on clay tablets about the size of a small
bean bag. What could be called the world’s first envelope was
a2 outer wrapping of clay that covered the cuneiform tablet,
safeguarding the message. Cuneiform was gradually modified
and a phonetic alphabet was developed between 2500 and
2000 b.c. By 2000 bc., cuneiform was sophisticated enough to
allow for the expression of complex thought.

Each cuneiform kit includes all of the supplies needed to
complete the lesson, self-contained in a decorative paint can.
The cuneiform kit contained everything needed to create a
cuneiform tablet: clay, instructional guides, activity cards,
and a writing stylus.

Subsequent “classroon in a can” activity kits will highlight
papermaking, colonial letter writing, envelope making, and

contemporary letter writing. The kits will be given to schools
that are financially strapped and in need.

International Outreach

The 1937 sketch by Franklin Delano Roosevelt for a postage
stamp commemorating the 350th anniversary of the birth of
Virginia Dare, the first known European child born in
America, was exhibited at the Musee des Timbres et des Mon-
naies in Monaco. The sketch was donated to the Smithsonian
in 1956 by James A. Farley, who served as FDR’s postmaster
general from 1933 to 1940. The three-day international
philatelic exhibition in Monaco was organized as part of a
yearlong celebration of the 7ooth anniversary of the Grimaldi
dynasty in the tiny principality. In addition to the FDR
sketch, the exhibition featured some of the world’s best
known philatelic rarities.

“Celebrate the Century” Stamp Launch

The U.S. Postal Service chose the National Postal Museum as
the site for the national launch of its “Celebrate the Century”
program. This stamp program features images reminiscent of
each decade of the twentieth century on stamps that will be
issued berween 1998 and 2001.

New Web Page

In 1998 the museum redesigned its Web site to include an
array of new categories of information and images, including
a “What's New” section and features devoted to exhibits,
educational programs, membership, library topics, events
calendars and expanded general information.

Future plans call of the museum's Web site to include infor-
mation about the collections and “virtual exhibits.”

Smithsonian Center for Materials
Research and Education

Lambertus van Zelst, Director

The Smithsonian Center for Materials Research and Education
(SCMRE), formerly known as the Conservation Analytical
Laboratory (CAL), is the Smithsonian's specialized facility
dedicated to research and training in the area of conservation,
analysis, and technical study of museum collection and related
materials. Conservation and preservation research seeks to in-
crease our understanding of the mechanisms that affect the
preservation of materials in museum collections, in order to
formulate improved exhibit, storage, and other use condi-
tions, as well as to develop, test, and improve treatment tech-
nology. In collections-based research, objects from museum
collections and related materials are studied to increase their

67

contextual information value and address questions in
archaeology, art history, and so on. Several of these research
programs are conducted in collaboration with other institu-
tions, notably the National Institute for Standards and Tech-
nology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, Maryland, and the Carnegie
Institution of Washington.

In FY 1998, the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution
approved a formal name change for the unit. The new name,
Smithsonian Center for Materials Research and Education, is
reflective of the mission of SCMRE as its programs have
evolved since the 1980s, and recognizes its status as one of the
Smithsonian research institutes.

Research at SCMRE covers an interdisciplinary area that
connects the physical and natural sciences with the arts and
humanities. Chemical, physical, and biological research on
museum collection items and related materials serves to en-
rich our contextual understanding of objects in museum col-
lections, or to improve our knowledge on how to preserve and
conserve museum collections.

Chemical characterization of archeological materials and
the raw materials from which they were made serves to iden-
tify objects with the source from which the raw material was
procured. Thus one may draw conclusions regarding trade and
exchange patterns and political and economical relationships.
For trace element characterization of ceramics, SCMRE re-
searchers applied neutron activation analysis at a special
facility maintained and operated in collaboration with NIST,
in studies involving archaeological ceramics from various
Maya and Southwest sites. SCMRE researchers continued the
coordination of an international collaborative research pro-
gram, sponsored by the International Atomic Enetgy Agency
(LAEA) on the applications of these techniques in Latin
American archaeology. Also in this year, SCMRE organized an
international symposium in honor of retired SCMRE staff
member Dr. Edward V. Sayre, a scholar who is considered the
pioneer in archaeological ceramic provenance studies using
neutron activation analysis, as well as in numerous other
studies in archaeometry and conservation science. In studies of
historic and prehistoric technologies, researchers focused on
the technology of Far Eastern ceramic glazes.

In the biogeochemistry program, SCMRE researchers study
archaeological and paleological organic materials to extract
and identify biomolecular information, including markers for
dietary habits, disease patterns and genetic relationship. Work
continued on a number of projects, including the study of
preservation of biomolecular information in archaeological
and paleological skeletal material. Of particular interest was
the positive identification, through sequencing of extracted
DNA, of venereal syphilis ina New World archaeological
skeletal remain.

In the research on preservation of natural history
specimens, the study on the influence of the formalin fixing
process on the recovery of DNA from liquid-preserved fish
specimens came to a conclusion. While specimens preserved
only in alcohol offer a highly valuable resource for DNA

68

baseline studies, those specimens fixed with formaldehyde
will only occasionally yield DNA fragments with any research
utility. Quick assay methods to distinguish alcohol-preserved
specimens from formalin-treated specimens have been
developed. A new project, concerned with the preservation of
light element isotopic information, essential in such studies as
ecological stressed systems, in herbarium specimens, yielded
far more encouraging results: typically the information
retrieved from archival collection specimens fully reflects the
isotope ratios in the specimen at the time of collection.

SCMRE research on the mechanical properties of collection
materials continued, with the observations on mechanical be-
havior being tied to the chemical changes that take place in
materials as a consequence of aging and other agents of
change.

SCMRE's education programs address the needs of a wide
variety of constituencies, ranging from professional training
for conservators and other museum professionals to outreach
and information programs for high school and college stu-
dents and the general public. The Furniture Conservation
Training Program (FCTP) continued the training of the class
of 2000. In the archaeological conservation training program,
two conservators recently graduated from one of the graduate
school training programs received practical training and field
experience at two different archaeological sites in the Near
East and Central America, as well as laboratory experience at
SCMRE. However, as a result of a shift in programmatic em-
phasis for this program, the primary goal now is the education
of archeologists to make them aware of the benefits of on-site
conservation. This goal is pursued through demonstration
projects, combined with field school teaching. RELACT, the
training program for managers of paper-based archival research
collections, organized several workshops/seminars for a large
audience of Smithsonian staff, and coordinated demonstration
projects within various Institutional research collections.

By the end of this fiscal year, the newly developed SCMRE
program in optical microscopy, which endeavors to combine
technique development and research application with training
activities for professional audiences, presented its first course
offering. Applied Optical Microscopy, an introductory course,
provided classroom and practical training to an audience of
conservators, archaeologists, and materials scientists on sub-
jects ranging from system specification to sample preparation,
phoromicrography, and image analysis. It is the intention to
widen the range of course offerings in this specialty area to
meet the needs of a large and wide-ranging audience.

After the highly successful workshop “Preservation of
Imagenes: Hispanic American Religious Images on Wood” in
FY 1997, SCMRE staff, in collaboration with the Universidad
del Sacrado Corazén in San Juan, Puerto Rico, organized two
workshops in Puerto Rico thar, like the previous one in
Washington, attracted large and wide-ranging audiences,
including curators, conservators, collectors, and artists. “La
Preservacion de Santos,” a three-day workshop with laboratory
exercises, held on the campus of the university, attracted a

local audience of 55 registrants, consisting of museum profes-
sionals, university scholars, students, artists, collectors, and
dealers. A one-day workshop, hosted by the Museo del Arte in
Ponce, was intended specifically for artists who still continue
the tradition of sentos making. Consisting of lecture and dis-
cussion sessions, it attracted an audience of 120 persons, about
65 percent of whom were actual practicing santeros and santeras.

In the collaborative program with the Suitland High
School, a local magnet school for the arts, SCMRE staff con-
tinued to develop and test materials for eventual inclusion in
a high school curriculum for an interdisciplinary arts and
science course.

In the technical information program, SCMRE continued
to provide technical advice and expertise on preservation-re-
lated subjects in answer to questions received from museum
professionals as well as the general public. An important
mechanism for educating the general public in preservation is-
sues is provided with the “Guidelines” which, intended for
distribution to a wide audience, provide background informa-
tion and tips on the care and maintenance of a variety of col-
lectibles. In this respect, SCMRE's regularly updated Internet
Web page also continues to serve an essential role.

Smithsonian Environmental
Research Center

Ross B. Simons, Director

SERC research continues to focus on four major themes:
effects of global change, landscape ecology, coastal ecosystems,
and population and community ecology. During 1998, SERC
scientists published high-quality papers on topics ranging
from species descriptions to global change. A major article by
SERC's Dr. Patrick Neale appeared in the prestigious inter-
national journal Nature. SERC's principal investigators were
awarded more new external research grants and contracts than
any other biological unit of the Smithsonian, all of which are
several times larger than SERC.

More than ever, SERC scientists are reaching out to present
their work in national and international scientific meetings.
SERC played a key role in organizing the annual meeting of
the Ecological Society of America and American Institute of
Biological Sciences in Baltimore in August. At that meeting,
four SERC scientists presented papers at a special session
devoted to SERC's unique work on the Chesapeake Bay. In
addition, SERC hosted a major national meeting on invasive
species for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and a national
meeting on global change for the U.S. UV Monitoring Work
Group.

SERC scientists and educators extended significant new
outreach to a variety of public audiences during the past year.
In June, SERC scientists began a new program of adult educa-

tion consisting of a series of evening lectures on popular en-
vironmental topics to adults in the neighboring communities.
In addition, SERC's professional training program grew to
support more than twice the number of work/learn interns of
recent years.

A major loss to SERC this past year was the death of
longtime principal investigator, Dr. James Lynch. Dr. Lynch
pioneered research in several areas that are now hot topics in
the technical literature and which are often featured in the
news media as environmental concerns. His research inves-
tigated the effects of habitat fragmentation on animals, the
indirect effects of trophic interactions, the landscape require-
ments of migratory animals, the evolution and population
ecology of amphibians, and the conservation biology of birds
and of tropical habitats. Importantly, Lynch led SERC’s efforts
in international research and global environmental! problems.

The addition of Drs. Ilka Feller and Catherine Lovelock to
SERC's team of principal investigators has greatly enhanced
SERC's breadth of research. They contribute to the under-
standing of plant ecology and plant-animal interactions with
wide-ranging projects in polar, temperate, and tropical en-
vironments. Feller also serves as the Smithsonian's scientific
coordinator for the Mpala Research Centre in Kenya.

SERC's program in invasions biology continues to develop
at a remarkable rate. This program now supports more than
20 technicians and advanced students. The problem of in-
vasive species is increasingly recognized as a global issue
worthy of major funding from many governments. SERC's
invasion biology program leads national and international
research on biological invasions of coastal ecosystems. The
program, headed by Drs. Gregory Ruiz and Anson Hines, is
the largest group in the United States to study patterns and
impacts of marine and estuarine invasions while seeking
strategies to limit them.

Ballast water of commercial ships is currently the greatest
source of coastal species introductions, releasing larval stages
and other planktonic organisms from distant ports that are
able to colonize new bays and estuaries. SERC technicians are
sampling ballast water in tankers arriving to Port Valdez,
Alaska, to measure temporal (seasonal, annual) and spatial
(source port) variation in associated plankton communities.
This study, the most comprehensive of its kind worldwide,
shows that a rich diversity and high abundance of coastal
plankton is being transported and released by the tankers.
SERC has also been conducting experiments aboard oil
tankers on voyages from California to Alaska to test the effec-
tiveness of ballast water management in reducing unwanted
transfer of organisms.

SERC's research in the Chesapeake Bay now provides the
most comprehensive assessment of coastal invasions for any
region of the nation. The study includes an intensive analysis
of the 400-year history of species introductions, the ecological
impacts of alien species and the delivery patterns and charac-
teristics of ballast water. Chesapeake Bay, through the ports of
Baltimore and Norfolk, receives more ballast water of foreign

69

origin than any other port system on the Atlantic or Pacific
coasts.

The invasion biology program involves extensive collabora-
tion, most recently with the U.S. Coast Guard to establish the
National Ballast Water Information Clearinghouse at SERC.
As an integral part of the national effort to prevent and con-
trol coastal invasions, the clearinghouse will measure the
changing patterns of ballast water delivery and management
by ships arriving in all U.S. ports from overseas. SERC scien-
tists synthesize the national data on ballast water delivery pat-
terns and relate these patterns to invasions by alien species in
coastal ecosystems.

Several SERC projects are exploring the critical role of
forests in the nitrogen cycle. In many parts of the world,
forests are becoming nitrogen-saturated, losing their ability to
absorb nitrogenous pollutants deposited from the atmosphere.
Research directed by Dr. David Correll measured atmospheric
nitrogen deposition and nitrogen discharges from an old-
growth deciduous hardwood forest for 20 years. The measure-
ments indicate that the forest still retains 85 percent of its
atmospheric inputs of total nitrogen. Moreover, SERC’s broad
survey of subwatersheds throughout the Chesapeake Bay
drainage basin showed that nitrate concentrations in streams
draining forested subwatersheds were very low, suggesting
that nitrogen saturation of forests is not yet a widespread prob-
lem in the Chesapeake Bay watershed.

SERC studies were among the first to show that riparian
(streamside) forests can intercept nitrogen released from adja-
cent croplands and thereby protect streams and estuaries from
nitrogen pollution. Recently Dr. Donald Weller of SERC
developed heuristic models to predict the effects of spatial
arrangements of riparian forests on nutrient discharge from
complex landscapes. The simple mathematical relationships
can be used extrapolate results to broader landscapes.

Nitrogen taken up in riparian forests can be converted to
gases, including nitrous oxide, which is increasing in the atmos-
phere and contributes to global warming and the destruction of
stratospheric ozone. One SERC project, directed by Dr. Thomas
Jordan, studied nitrous oxide releases from riparian forest soil.
Emitted nitrous oxide was sampled with tent-like chambers and
analyzed with a unique laser spectrophotometer. Less than I per-
cent of the nitrogen taken up by the forest was converted to
nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide releases were limited by the supply
of soil moisture, nitrate, and organic carbon.

Like riparian forests, wetlands can play a key role in reduc-
ing non-point nutrient runoff into Chesapeake Bay. SERC
scientists, Drs. Dennis Whigham, Thomas Jordan, and
Donald Weller, together with collaborators from the National
Resource Conservation Service and the Chesapeake Wildlife
Heritage, measured nutrient flow through wetlands that were
restored in agricultural watersheds. They found that the wet-
lands could trap high percentages of the nutrients they receive
from surrounding croplands while also providing important
wildlife habitats that enhance the species diversity in agricul-
tural landscapes.

7oO

SERC continued the global expansion of its wetlands
research program. In collaboration with the National
Institute for Environmental Studies (Japan), and the
University of Utrecht (the Netherlands), SERC began
comparative studies of important bog and fen wetlands on
Honshu and Hokkaido in Japan. The five-year project will
focus on aspects of nutrient cycling and will be directed
toward helping Japan develop methods for assessing
wetland function. SERC scientists also completed editorial
work on a series of papers on nutrient-use efficiency in
boreal, temperate, and tropical wetlands. SERC scientists
and Japanese collaborators from Kyoto University and
Tokyo Metropolitan University finished one of the first
studies in which seed transportation by water has been
shown to play a key role in the development of genetic
patterns in populations of a widespread wetland plant
species.

A SERC study by Dr. Ilka Feller focused on mangrove
forests, the dominant coastal wetland type throughout the
tropics. Nutrient availabiliry in mangrove wetlands effects
internal nutrient cycling and nutrient conservation. Feller’s
research showed that soil fertility can switch from nitrogen to
phosphorus limitation across narrow ecotonal gradients in red
mangrove forests. Phosphorus limitation was found to be a
major factor responsible for the widespread occurrence of dwarf
mangrove forests in the Neotropics. Experimental increases in
nutrient availability to mangroves increased herbivory by
specialist herbivores but had no effect on generalist herbivores.
Feller has also discovered that herbivory by wood-boring
insects adds a major grazing step to the mangrove food web.
Previously, this food web has been assumed to be almost
exclusively detritus-based. Wood borers also modify canopy
architecture and create cavities in the wood that are used by
numerous other species.

Increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide are expected to
cause unprecedented changes in climate and ecosystems
around the world. A SERC study directed by Dr. Bert Drake
is running two long-term field experiments to discover the
effects of projected increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide.
In a Florida scrub-oak forest, increased carbon dioxide has
increased water-use efficiency, nitrogen fixation, and carbon
assimilation. In a Maryland salt marsh, a decade of exposure
to increased carbon dioxide has caused a persistent increase
carbon assimilation. A new study is now investigating the fate
of the extra carbon assimilated.

Depletion of stratospheric ozone is increasing the penetra-
tion of harmful ultraviolet (UV-B) solar radiation to the
Earth’s surface. Measuring the intensity and ecological effects
of UV-B radiation is the focus of SERC’s phorobiology and
solar radiation laboratories, directed by Dr. Patrick Neale.
From October to December, 1997, Neale’s group traveled to
Palmer Sration on the Antarctic peninsula for the first applica-
tion of methods developed at SERC to track the varying sen-
sitivity of phytoplankton to UV-B radiation, in particular to
the increase in UV-B during springtime ozone depletion. In

addition, the SERC-developed instrument to monitor UV-B
radiation (the SR-18 spectroradiometer) documented increases
in UV-B that occurred as the ozone hole moved over the sta-
tion. On the other side of the globe, in the Arctic, where a
second ozone hole has been developing, Neale’s laboratory has
been examining the UV-B sensitivity of Arctic kelps
(Laminaria spp.). In SERC's home waters, the Chesapeake Bay,
a new project has begun to determine whether increased
nutrients, related to eutrophication of coastal waters, increase
the resistance of dinoflagellates in the bay to UV-B. Such in-
creased resistance may be a factor in formation of red tides.
Finally, during 1998, an SR-18 was installed on the new SERC
research tower, continuing the long-term monitoring of UV-B
by Smithsonian since the mid-1970s.

Increasing concern over the global spread of toxic and non-
toxic red tides has focused research interest on physical and
biological interactions that influence the accumulation, per-
sistence, and demise of dinoflagellate blooms. The harmful
effects imposed by red tides on marine fauna and associated
risks to public health and commercial fisheries have also
prompted interest in means to detect, predict, and potentially
control harmful algal blooms. Recent studies by Dr. Wayne
Coats of SERC have shown that microparasites can kill red-
tide dinoflagellates and change host abundance on time scales
of hours to days. His research has also shown that parasites of
bloom-forming dinoflagellates have a high degree of host
specificity, an observation that may lead to the use of parasites
as biological controls of harmful algal blooms. Dr. Coats, in
conjunction with scientists at the University of Maryland,
Center of Marine Biotechnology, is also studying dino-
flagellates in Chesapeake that resemble the toxic Pftesteria
species.

SERC's education department continues to train teachers
and parents in the popular Teacher-led Activities for elemen-
tary students. The summer and fall seasons brought a diverse
audience to SERC from the Washington, D.C. area. More
than one hundred middle-school students participated in
Anne Arundel County’s annual Envirothon, at SERC and
two other county sites. The Envirothon taught students
basic environmental principles and ways to apply them to
real-world problems in their communities. Anne Arundel
County again collaborated with SERC to conduct three
teacher workshops that expose teachers to SERC’s research
and lab facilities. Participants experience the creeks, river,
and Bay by learning water sampling techniques and
analysis. Once again Gallaudet University brought deaf
teachers from all over the United States to SERC for a
two-day intensive training on the ecology of the
Chesapeake Bay region. This is part of a five-year National
Science Foundation program (Summer Institute in Biol-
ogy) in which SERC has actively participated. In addition
to the teacher workshops, SERC continues to host under-
graduate classes from Gallaudet. Each year several classes
come to SERC co learn about wetland ecology, field re-
search techniques, and internship opportunities.

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute

Tra Rubinoff, Director

The tropics are home to the greatest diversity of organisms on
Earth, many of which developed very complex interactions
over millions of years. Research on the ecology, evolution, and
behavior of tropical organisms is the primary mission of the
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) based in the
Republic of Panama. STRI supports 35 permanent scientists
and hundreds of visiting scientists and students from around
the world each year who work at its terrestrial and marine re-
search facilities.

During FY 1998, Barro Colorado Island, the Smithsonian's
oldest research station in the New World Tropics dedicated to
tropical research, celebrated its 75th anniversary on April 23.
There are now more than 1,500 publications resulting from re-
search on the island.

STRI acquired a new site for a field station in Bocas del
Toro on the Caribbean coast of Panama and initiated plans to
construct a research and educational outreach center. A small
office/laboratory and dock currently exist on the site. This
facility will replace the one in the San Blas Islands, whose
contract ended this year.

Renovation of the Molecular Biology Research Laboratories
at Naos Island was completed. This building, dating from
1914, previously housed STRI's general services and mainten-
ance division that was moved to the Ancon area of Panama
City, adjacent to the Earl S. Tupper Research and Conference
Center.

A major new research project was initiated by the construc-
tion of the first Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Project
(FACE) in the tropics, in collaboration with the Brookhaven
National Laboratories, McGill University, the University of
Georgia, the Universidad Santa Maria La Antigua and the
University of Panama. The project, funded by the U.S.
Department of Energy, aims to establish the scientific founda-
tion for understanding the consequences of increased con-
centrations of carbon dioxide on the growth of tropical forests.

Books by STRI authors published this year dealt with a
broad range of subjects, including the social regulation of
competition and aggression in animals (by the late Martin H.
Moynihan); the natural and cultural history of Central
America (edited by Anthony G. Coates of STRI); the origins
of agriculture in the lowland neotropics (by Dolores Piperno
of STRI and Deborah Pearsal); the history, economy, and land
use of the Peruvian Amazonia (by Fernando Santos-Granero of
STRI and Federica Barclay); naturalists of Panama (by Stanley
Heckadon-Moreno of STRI); and methods and results from
tropical forest census plots (by Richard Condit of STRI). Two
important compendiums that included numerous publica-
tions based on research by STRI scientists were published
also: Proceedings of the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium,
published by Harilaos Lessios of STRI and Ian Macintyre of

71

the National Museum of Natural History; and Marine-ter-
restrial flora and fauna of Cayos Cochinos Archipelago, Honduras,
edited by Hector M. Guzman of STRI.

Since its opening in 1990, STRI's Earl S. Tupper Research
and Conference Center has become a major venue for scientific
conferences. From January 26 through 31 che Internacional
Bryozoology Association held its meetings at the Tupper Cen-
ter gathering 75 participants from Is nations. From March 29
through April 3 the Tupper Center served as venue for the
First International Workshop on Sustainable Cocoa Growing,
organized by STRI, the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center
and the Institute for Conservation Biology. The conference
gathered experts from the leading cocoa producing countries
and major chocolate manufacturers. The workshop centered
around discussions on the global state of scientific knowledge
on cacao and its role in improving the conditions of small
farmers and protecting tropical biodiversity.

Another major meeting organized by STRI was held at the
Smithsonian Institution in Washington from July 30 through
August 2, and brought together biologists working on the
various forest plots sponsored by the Center for Tropical
Forest Science (CTFS), a collaborative research project among
STRI and Princeton and Harvard Universities. Researchers
from 11 countries working at the 13 forest dynamic sites,
presented their results to other network members and
developed collaborative projects.

Princeton University, in coordination with STRI, held a
full-semester program in Panama for 18 undergraduate stu-
dents in biology, that lasted from February 1 through May 1.
The program consisted of courses in tropical ecology and
conservation taught by Princeton's Stephen P. Hubbell; on
pre-Columbian peoples and their environments taught by
Richard Cooke and Dolores Piperno of STRI, and two elec-
tives: tropical marine invertebrates, raught by Penelope
Barnes from STRI, and genetic diversity of tropical popula-
tions, raught by Hope Hollecher from Princeton.

Beginning January 1998, staff scientist A. Sranley Rand
became senior scientist emeritus. Based now in the Washing-
ton area, Rand continues to spend four months of the year
conducting research and advising students at STRI.
Paleoecologist Paul Colinvaux retired from STRI on Septem-
ber 30 to take up an appointment as visiting scientist at the
Marine Biological Laboratory, in Woods Hole, Massachusetts.
Biologist Llewellya Hillis also departed from STRI at the end
of this fiscal year. Staff scientists Nancy Knowlton and Jeremy
B.C. Jackson initiated their appointments as professors of
marine biology and oceanography of the Scripps Institute of
Oceanography in California. They will continue to maintain
part-time positions and research programs at STRI. Lucy
Dorick, STRI’s Development Director resigned to accept a
new position as vice president for Development of the World
Resources Institute.

The Center for Museum Studies facilitates learning about
museum theories and practices. Using the Smithsonian's uni-
que resources, the center provides training and research oppor-

72

tunities to museum professionals, students, volunteers, and
cultural resource specialists.

Collaborating with the Inter-University Program for Latino
Research (IUPLR), the center developed a new Rockefeller
Humanities Fellowship Program with the theme “Latino
Cultural Research in a National Museum Context: Issues of
Representation and Interpretation.” The fellowships, a mix of
residencies for scholars and museum professionals, will be
interdisciplinary and will support Latino/a focused scholarship
using the extensive cultural, archival, historical, and profes-
sional resources that only the Smithsonian can offer. Projects
will link art and the politics of public display, encompass in-
depth and advanced research in the museum and curatorial
fields, and contribute much-needed Latino-focused perspec-
tives and interpretations to topics within many Smithsonian
collections. A different theme will be explored each year. In
1998-1999, residencies will be hosted by the National
Museum of American Art and will focus on Latino art inter-
pretation and representation. The 1999-2000 year span will
be hosted by the National Museum of American History, with
residencies focusing on Latino history. Residencies for 2000—
2001 will focus on cultural studies and community-based re-
search and will be hosted by the Center for Folklife Programs
and Culcural Studies, the Anacostia Museum, the Center for
African American History and Culture, and the National
Museum of Natural History Department of Anthropology.

The Center initiated a collaboration with Montgomery
Community College, Rockville, Maryland, to establish the
Montgomery College Humanities Institute. The Institute will
host a wide range of scholarly and community-focused activi-
ties, including an annual faculty seminar led by a Smithsonian
scholar-in-residence, museum-based faculty research fellow-
ships, student internships at the Smithsonian, public lectures
and symposia, and an enhanced Humanities Honors Program.
The National Endowment for the Humanities awarded the
college a $500,000 challenge grant and fund-raising is well
under way for the Institute. In working systematically with
Montgomery College, Maryland's largest and one of the
nation’s best community colleges, the Center for Museum
Studies hopes to develop a model for museums across the
nation to collaborate with their local community colleges in
using museum resources to strengthen the teaching of
humanities.

The Center for Museum Studies, with the Program for
Asian Pacific American Studies, presented “Diversity, Leader-
ship, and Museums: The Representation of Asian Pacific
American Communities” at the Japanese American National
Museum (JANM), May 6-9, 1998, in Los Angeles, California.
The seminar, a pilot program funded by the Anheuser-Busch
Companies and the Smithsonian Institution Educational
Outreach Fund with additional support from the Hawaii
Museums Association, explored diversity issues in museums
and examined current issues affecting Asian Pacific Americans
in the museum profession. The curriculum emphasized prob-
lem solving strategies, team building techniques, and com-

munication skills. Faculty included Irene Hirano, Director,
and Akemi Kikumura, Curator at JANM; and Marshall
Wong, Art Initiative Director for the L.A. County Museum of
Art. Participants represented museums and cultural institu-
tions in California, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, New
York, and Washington.

The Center for Museum Studies and the Inter-University
Program for Latino Research hosted “Interpreting Latino Cul-
tures: Research and Museums,” June 29 through July 10. This
annual seminar offers hands-on training in methods of re-
searching and interpreting museum and archival collections.
This year’s program challenged students to develop strong re-
search skills while exploring issues of interpretation and repre-
sentation of cultural materials and traditions in museums.
Practicums in conducting object-based research and in access-
ing and using the collections of the Smithsonian, the Nation-
al Archives, and the Library of Congress were key components
of the program. This year’s faculty included Gerald Poyo, St.
Mary's University; Refugio Rochin, SI Center for Latino In-
itiatives; and Tamas Ybarra-Frausto, Rockefeller Foundation.
A highlight of the program was the keynote presentation,
“The Culturally Specific Museum: Trap or Treasure,”
delivered by Susana Torruella Leval, Director of El Museo del
Barrio in New York.

The Center for Museum Studies, in collaboration with the
Fundacion Antorchas and the University of Buenos Aires,
began a professional development training project, based in
Argentina, designed to ensure that the cultural patrimony of
South American museums will not disappear as a result of
neglect or lack of resources. A series of three conservation and
exhibition development workshops, using Smithsonian
specialists and local conservators as faculty, concluded in
November at the University of Buenos Aires Museo
Etnografico.

The conclusion of 1998 witnessed the beginning of a
merger of the Center for Museum Studies with the Smith-
sonian Office of Education. The new alignment will preserve
the center's mission to advance and enrich knowledge about
museum theories and practices. It will also serve to enhance
the capabilities of both offices to build a rich mix of con-
stituencies for the Smithsonian.

Office of Exhibits Central

Michael Headley, Director

One of the Smithsonian's largest and most comprehensive
exhibit producers, the Office of Exhibits Central (OEC)
provides high-quality products and services to nearly every
museum, office, and research program in the Institution. In
1998, OEC’s 40-person staff performed consulting, design,
editing, graphics, modelmaking, fabrication, crating, and in-

stallation services for about two dozen Smithsonian clients
and affiliates.

Consultation

Consulting services are a growing and important component
of OEC’s work. Sharing their expertise with Smithsonian
clients and a number of affiliate and outside organizations,
OEC staff have helped define the content, execution, and even
feasibility of several proposed exhibitions over the past year.
OEC has also been at the forefront of training programs
designed to benefit museum practitioners in the United
States and abroad. Examples of this assistance include:

Editorial and content development services for a written
proposal for How We Discover, a joint SI-National
Science Foundation exhibition/educational outreach
project. The How We Discover project aims to engage
“participants” in the scientific as well as creative proces-
ses applied by researchers in their work. The Office of
the Provost requested OEC’s help in developing the
proposal and related material.

Conceptual design services for the National Museum of
Natural History on a proposed exhibition on the Vikings
scheduled to open in 2000.

Conceptual design services for Mammals on the Move, a

series of small-scale traveling components related to the
renovation of the Mammal Hall at the National Museum of
Natural History.
¢ Design consulting services to Arizona’s Bisbee Mining and
Historical Museum, a Smithsonian affiliate, for an exhibi-
tion on the Bisbee copper mines and mineralogy.
¢ Development, management, and ongoing support for an
object handling, packing, and shipping training program
for members of the National Museum of Natural History's
MOVE team. The MOVE project involves the transfer of
objects and artifacts (ranging from elephant skulls to plaster
casts of ancient Roman bas reliefs) from the National Museum
of Natural History to the SI Museum Support Center in
Suitland, Maryland.
Training in graphics and fabrication procedures for three
museum technicians from Cape Coast, Ghana, as part of a
collaborative effort between the Smithsonian's Office of
International Relations and the nation of Ghana.

Design, Editing, and Graphics

Exhibit designers at OEC are responsible for all aspects of
visual presentation, from gallery configuration and case
design to text panels, banners, and fund-raising packages.
Exhibit editors collaborate with designers and curators to
ensure that text, design, objects, and graphics work together
to create a cohesive, informative presentation. Graphics staff
provide silk-screening, photo mounting, archival matting and
framing, exhibit refurbishment, and other graphic art ser-
vices. Among the year's highlights were:

e “Between a Rock and a Hard Place: A History of American
Sweatshops” for the National Museum of American History.

e “The Jewels of Lalique” for International Gallery.

“The Art of Jack Delano/El Arte de Jack Delano” for Inter-

national Gallery and SITES.

“We Shall Overcome: Photographs from America’s Civil Rights

Em” and “Going Strong: Older Americans on the Job” for

SITES.

e A small-format version of “The Jazz Age in Paris, 1914—
1940” for circulation by SITES and the American Library
Association.

¢ “Pomo Indian Basket Weavers” at the National Museum of

Natural History.

¢ “Speak to My Heart” for the Anacostia Museum and on
view in the Arts and Industries Building.

e “Three Generations of African American Women Sculptors:
A Study in Paradox, Resonant Forms,” and “In Search of
Balance: The Artist Scholar” for the Center for African
American History and Culture.

“Frontier Photographer: Edward S. Curtis” for the Smith-
sonian Institution Libraries.

“Orchids of the World” for the Office of Physical Plant’s
Horticulture Services Division and U.S. Botanic Garden.
Design of a new desk for the Visitor Information and Asso-
ciates’ Reception Center in the Arts and Industries Building.

Modelmaking

The modelmaking unit creates scientifically and historically
accurate dioramas, models, and mannequins. From the gallop-
ing stagecoach horses at the National Postal Museum to the
trees and mining environments in the Hall of Geology, Gems,
and Minerals, the Model Shop can literally reproduce any
animal, vegetable, or mineral. It had a particularly active year
with a number of high-profile projects under way and com-
pleted. Examples include:

oe

Creation of Jabba the Hutt’s cave palace, the centerpiece of
“Star Wars: The Magic of Myth” at the National Air and
Space Museum.

Creation of mannequins, trees, artificial food, and the
taxidermy of a life-size buffalo for the National Museum of
American History's “Communities in a Changing Nation”
exhibition opening in 1999.

Creation of a scale model of a traditional ocean canoe, life-
size Ainu traditional house (chise), and diorama with four
mannequins of Ainu elders conducting the sacred bear
ceremony for the “Ainu: Spirit of a Northern People” ex-
hibition opening in 1999 at the National Museum of
Natural History. An Ainu exhibits specialist spent six
months at OEC carving a scale model of a traditional Ainu
canoe as well as fabricating other Ainu artifacts.

Taxidermy support, site photography, and specimen collec-
tion from the African savanna in preparation for the renova-
tion of the National Museum of Natural History's Rotunda
and Mammal Hall.

74

e Creation of surroundings, termite mounds, and a tree for
the tiger habitat diorama, one of the few exhibitions on
view during the renovation of the National Museum of
Natural History's Mammal Hall.

Creation of a cave interior and the naturalistic elements
of a rock outcropping for the final phase of the National
Museum of Natural History's Janet Annenberg Hooker
Hall of Geology, Gems, and Minerals.

Fabrication

The fabrication Unit builds fine cabinetry and display
casework, as well as Plexiglas vitrines, object mounts, fix-
tures, signage, and heat-formed elements. Its finishing shop
provides services ranging from quick turnaround painting
jobs to restoration work and faux finishes. Packing and crat-
ing, installation and deinstallation services, and the coordina-
tion and lending of exhibit cases are other unit specialties.
These in-house services have enabled SI bureaus and outside
organizations to mount exhibitions that might otherwise not
be economically feasible.

Major projects completed during the year include:

Installation and deinstallation of numerous exhibitions for
the National Museum of the American Indian, Center for
African American History and Culture, International Gal-

lery, and Smithsonian Institution Libraries.

Fabrication of a new desk for the Visitor Information and
Associates’ Reception Center in the Arts and Industries
Building.

A temporary exhibition on Filipino Americans organized
by Honolulu’s Bishop Museum and on view at the U.S.
State Department (OEC’s work was coordinated through
SI's Asian affairs liaison).

“Beyond the Maine: Imaging the New Empire,” a National
Anthropological Archives exhibition at the Ripley Center.

Miscellaneous Services

OEC also provides a number of “spot services” for various Institu-
tion bureaus. These range from specialized framing assignments
for clients throughout the Institution to signage and banners for
the Smithsonian Crafts Show and Folklife Festival.

Office of Fellowships and Grants

Roberta W. Rubinoff, Director

Support from the Office of Fellowships and Grants (OFG)
enhances the quality, quantity, and diversity of research con-
ducted at the Smithsonian. Each year, nearly 800 students and
scholars come from universities, museums, and research in-
stitutes throughout the United States and abroad to use the

Institution’s collections and facilities. OFG manages central-
ized competitive internship and fellowship programs, as well
as competitive grant programs that support Smithsonian staff
research. This office also administers all stipend appointments
offered by the Institution.

This year, for example, Clara E. Rodriguez of Fordham
University did research on Latino images in the media, work-
ing at the National Museum of American History with Fath
Davis Ruffins, historian in the Archives Center. Rodriguez
was a senior fellow in the Latino Studies Fellowship Program,
which broadens and increases the body of Latino-related
research.

Under the Scholarly Studies Program, Richard Potts, direc-
tor of the Human Origins Program at the National Museum
of Natural History, is leading a project to study fossil records
of early ancestors of humans in the African Rift using stable
isotope analysis. This research will increase the understanding
of how vegetation and climatic changes in the environment
affected the evolution of early humans.

Kathleen Ash-Milby of the National Museum of the
American Indian received a grant from the Collections-Based
Research Program, which supports research on significant
Smithsonian collections. Ash-Milby studies the life and the
paintings of Bonita Wa Wa Calachaw Nufiez (1888-1972) in
the museum’s collection. Referred to by her pen name “Wa
Wa Chaw,” Nufiez was a self-taught painter, poet, and Indian
rights activist raised in New York City.

National Science Resources Center

Douglas Lapp, Executive Director

The National Science Resources Center, operated jointly by
the Smithsonian Institution and the National Academy of
Sciences, collects and disseminates information about science
teaching resources, develops innovative science curriculum
materials, and sponsors activities to help teachers and school
district administrators develop and sustain effective hands-on
science programs. The National Science Resources Center
advocates an inquiry-centered, hands-on approach to science
education. In inquiry-centered science, students learn to ask
questions, gather information, develop theories, plan and
Carry out investigations, and communicate their ideas.
Scientists and engineers from academia and the business
community, as well as educators, play a strong role in the
development and implementation of National Science
Resources Center programs.

The National Science Resources Center supports systemic
science education reform efforts in communities across the
nation through its materials development, information dis-
semination, and outreach programs. All National Science
Resources Center programs stress the involvement and col-

laboration of teachers and scientists. Scientists and engineers
from business and industry, as well as academia, play a strong
role in the development and implementation of National
Science Resources Center programs.

Knowledgeable, committed leaders are needed to improve
the quality of science education in our nation’s school districts.
In response to this need, the National Science Resources
Center hosted two K-8 Science Education Leadership Insti-
tutes in 1998: July 18-23 and July 25-30. At these leadership
institutes, teams of teachers, school administrators, and
scientists worked with nationally recognized experts to
develop plans for implementing an inquiry-centered science
curriculum in their communities. The 1998 leadership in-
stitutes brought together 29 teams from school systems in 18
states, and Sweden. The U.S. teams represented 66 school
districts that serve more than 340,000 K-8 students.

Since 1989, the National Science Resources Center has spon-
sored 27 Science Education Leadership Institutes that have
been attended by educational leaders representing more than
400 school districts located in 45 states and Puerto Rico.
Together, the participants in these institutes have helped in-
itiate science education reforms in school districts that serve
more than seven million K-8 students.

The National Science Resources Center has now begun a
five-year Leadership and Assistance for Science Education
Reform initiative. The National Science Foundation, a group
of philanthropic and corporate foundations, and several pub-
lishers are supporting this program. Through this initiative,
National Science Resources Centers is establishing partner-
ships in eight regions across the U.S. and with several major
corporations to provide a comprehensive program of science
education leadership training, publications, and technical as-
sistance to 300 school districts nationwide. This assistance
will enable these districts to initiate and implement inquiry-
centered science curriculum programs for all their elementary
and middle-school students.

During the past year, this initiative has organized ten
“Building Awareness for Science Education Reform” conferen-
ces, six Strategic Planning Institutes, five Science Curriculum
Showcases and one Advanced Leadership Development Con-
ference. The Leadership and Assistance for Science Education
Reform regional partners have been selected on the basis of
their demonstrated commitment to educational excellence
and their ability to provide resources and leadership in sup-
port of K-8 science education reform. This initiative will help
the regional partnership institutions to enhance their capacity
to serve as resources to school districts in their regions, there-
by ensuring the sustainability of the project.

The National Science Resources Center has completed the
development of a comprehensive science education program
for grades 1 through 6, Science and Technology for Children.
Focused on topics in physical science, life science, earth
science, and technology, the 24 curriculum units in this pro-
gram use simple, inexpensive materials to teach science
through hands-on investigations. Each unit includes a com-

75

prehensive teacher's guide, a student guide, and a science kit
designed to provide a class of 30 students with the materials
needed for eight weeks of science investigations.

The National Science Resources Center has also developed a
set of supplemental reading materials to complement the
Science and Technology for Children units for grades 4
through 6, the Discovery Decks. The Discovery Decks are sets
of large imaginatively illustrated cards that expand on the
major topics introduced in each Science and Technology for
Children unit. They include historical accounts of scientific
discoveries, interviews with scientists, problem-solving
scenarios, and information on recent breakthroughs in scien-
tific research. The Discovery Decks are designed for use in
classroom learning centers, libraries, and science centers.

The National Science Resources Center has initiated a
Science and Technology Concepts for Middle Schools project
to develop science curriculum materials for grades 7 and 8.
This four-year project is supported by grants from the National
Science Foundation, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation,
Dow Chemical Company, the DuPont Company, and Hewlett-
Packard.

The Science and Technology Concepts for Middle Schools
project is developing eight inquiry-centered science modules for
students in grade 7 and 8. This program, when combined with
the Science and Technology for Children elementary science pro-
gram, will form a comprehensive, well-integrated program in
science and technology for students in grades 1 through 8.

Expert science teachers, working in collaboration with
academic experts in the earth, life, and physical sciences and
technology, are developing the student source books and
teacher's guides for the Science and Technology Concepts for
Middle Schools modules. The content and pedagogy of this
program will adhere to the content, teaching, and assessment
recommendations of the National Science Education Stand-
ards developed by the National Academy of Sciences/National
Research Council.

The Science and Technology Concepts for Middle Schools staff
has begun to develop the first four modules: Human Body Sys-
tems; Properties of Matter; Energy, Machines, and Motion; and
Catastrophic Events. These modules were initially trial-taught in
classrooms within the Washington metropolitan area. They were
then field-tested in middle-school classrooms in school districts
located throughout the nation.

The National Science Resources Center's information dis-
semination activities are designed to make information on
high-quality science curriculum materials and related resour-
ces accessible to teachers, school system administrators, and
scientists working to improve science education in the
schools. The National Science Resources Center is also work-
ing to develop effective ways to use electronic networks to
facilitate communication among educational leaders and
school districts involved in science education reform.

In 1998, the National Science Resources Center published
the first edition of Resources for Teaching Middle School Sctence, a
comprehensive guide to effective science curriculum materials

76

and other resources for teaching middle-school science. Sup-
port for the development of this guide was provided by The
Merck Institute for Science Education. Resources for Teaching
Middle School Science contains reviews of more than 400 cur-
riculum materials for the teaching of physical science, life
science, environmental science, earth and space science, and
applied science. The guide also contains chapters on teacher
references, science resource guides and periodicals, and an
ancillary resource section describing programs operated by
museums, zoos, and science centers to enrich the teaching of
science in the schools.

The National Science Resources Center has disseminated
more than 7,000 copies of a similar guide for elementary
school teachers, Resources for Teaching Elementary School Science,
which was published in 1997. This guide is now available on-
line in a searchable format. The Eisenhower National Clearin-
ghouse On-line Catalog of Curriculum Resources uses the
National Science Resources Center resource guides to identify
materials for its collection and references National Science
Resources Center reviews of curriculum materials in the
evaluation section of the Eisenhower National Clearinghouse
database.

The National Science Resources Center works with
hundreds of school districts across the United States that are
involved in science education reform. The National Science
Resources Center is working to develop a Web site that will
connect lead teachers, school administrators, scientists, and
community leaders in eight regions of the Untied States. This
Web site will provide local school districts with a means of
accessing information and resources often not otherwise avail-
able to school districts outside major metropolitan areas.

In 1998, the National Science Resources Center, in partner-
ship with the White House Office of Science and Technology
Policy and the National Science Foundation, sponsored recep-
tions for the recipients of the Presidential Awards for Excel-
lence in Mathematics and Science Teaching. These awards are
given annually to exemplary elementary and secondary math
and science teachers from across the nation.

Smithsonian Institution Archives

Edie Hedlin, Director

Significant organizational changes occurred in FY 1998, per-
haps the most obvious taking place in our name. We moved
from “Office of’ Smithsonian Institution Archives to simply
Smithsonian Institution Archives (SIA). This marks a return
to our former title, held until 1993 when the Joseph Henry
Papers and the National Collections Program joined SIA. Or-
ganizational change marked rwo of SIA’s divisions as well.
The Archives Division formed into three teams: Reference,
Records Management, and Arrangement and Description. In

addition, some Archives staff moved to a newly formed Tech-
nical Services Division. The results of these changes have been
positive, with staff productivity and accountability increased,
and with it a willingness to test different methods and
approaches to the archival mission.

The Institution’s records storage facility at National Under-
ground Storage (NUS) in Boyers, Pennsylvania, coordinated
by Smithsonian Institution Archives, became fully operational
during the year. SIA staff from the Technical Services and
Archives Divisions supported this important effort, with over
3,300 cubic feet of SIA records shipped during the year. In
addition, SIA coordinated the shipment of hundreds of feet of
additional records and materials from other Smithsonian
bureaus to NUS, often providing preservation rehousing and
other preparatory support to those bureaus.

The Technical Services Division, created in October 1997,
brought together the preservation team, electronic records
program, and office-wide computer support services. The
electronic records program (ERP) continued to provide the SI
community with electronic records guidance. It initiated a
“test bed” project with the Office of the Director, NMAH in
which the office’s e-mail messages are being stored in a virtual
records center and will be transferred in electronic form to
SIA at an appropriate point. The preservation team continued
to implement the preservation plan initially developed during
FY 1997. The team conducted preservation assessments of 470
collections, rehoused 73 archival collections into proper
storage supplies, treated 5 collections identified as containing
mold, and initiated a comprehensive pest monitoring pro-
gram for all SIA storage facilities. In addition, the preserva-
tion team provided other Smithsonian bureaus with critical
preservation services and technical advice.

The Archives Division placed a renewed emphasis on
records appraisal and increased access to archival collections.
Building on the refined appraisal criteria developed last year,
the Division's records management team conducted impor-
tant records surveys and schedules during the year while con-
tinuing to transfer and acquire records and papers. The team
completed a comprehensive survey and schedule of the Na-
tional Museum of the American Indian, the first museum-
wide survey and schedule to-be carried out by SIA. The team
also completed surveys and schedules for the Office of the
General Counsel; the Office of the Director, Smithsonian En-
vironmental Research Center; and Office of the Director and
Central Files of the Smithsonian Institution Archives. The
Archivist/Division Director surveyed approximately 1,300
cubic feet of the records of the Department of Anthropology
and the National Anthropological Archives (NAA) of NUNH
during a six-month detail to NAA. While records appraisal
dominated the year, other services continued as well. SIA ser-
viced a total of 2,981 reference inquiries during the year, an 11
percent increase over the previous year. Much of the increase
was due to queries received via electronic mail. Efforts to
make SIA holdings more accessible kept apace through addi-
tional work in the OPAC and WebPAC versions of SIRIS, the

Smithsonian's online catalog. In addition, important testing
of new systems took place with both local and shared
databases. SIA added to its holdings during the year through
the transfer and acquisition of 837 cubic feet of official
Smithsonian records, personal papers, and professional
organization records.

The Institutional History Division (IHD) culminated a
year of multiple anniversary events in celebration of the 200th
birthday of Joseph Henry. Media coverage of Henry’s birthday
commemoration was extensive in the Albany, New York area,
and published articles about Henry appeared in such news-
letters and journals as American Physical Society News and Issues
in Scrence and Technology. A more permanent feature of the
commemoration was the Henry Papers home page. Combin-
ing information about the project with information about
Henry, the home page has served as a conduit for queries
about Henry, Smithsonian history, the internship program,
and the volumes. The Division's achievements, however, ex-
tended well beyond commemorative activity. Volume 8 of
The Papers of Joseph Henry, covering the years 1850-1853, was
submitted to Smithsonian Institution Press. In addition,
the Joseph Henry Papers Project entered into the Model
Editions Partnership, a cooperative effort by documentary
editing projects and the National Historical Publications
and Records Commission to establish standards for
electronic publication.

The IHD established a significant presence on the
Worldwide Web with virtual exhibitions, essays, and guides
to historical resources. The IHD’s Web site was chosen for
participation in “Cybersurfari,” an educational Web search
activity for K-12 audiences. The “Historic Pictures” site
proved to be of particular interest to Web users, receiving
over 20,000 hits during the period May to October 1998.
Electronic versions of the exhibitions From Smithson to
Smithsonian: The Birth of an Institution and Artists at Work
were placed on the Web during the year. In addition, the
Division initiated a project to digitize the publications, The
Smithsonian Institution: Documents Relative to Its Origin and His-
tory, by William Jones Rhees, published in 1879 and 1901, and
to extend this compilation of legal documents on the
Smithsonian from 1900 to 2000. Database development in
several subject areas continued, special projects for senior
administrators were completed, and several predoctoral,
doctoral, and postdoctoral students and scholars were spon-
sored by the Division during the year.

Finally, the National Collections Program (NCP) con-
tinued to produce the Institution's annual Collection Statis-
tics and, in addition, launched its Web site during FY
1998. The site features timely and informative guidelines,
publications, and other resources for collections managers
and administrators. The NCP continued to work with the
Institution’s large collections management community,
the Office of General Counsel, the Provost's Office, and
others in revising Smithsonian Directive (SD) 600, Collec-
tions Management Policy. Undergoing a metamorphosis,

77

SD 600 is moving from a bulky collection of both policy and
procedures to a succinct policy issuance supported by an
implementation manual.

Smithsonian Institution Libraries

Nancy E. Gwinn, Director

The Smithsonian Institution Libraries established the
Wineland Research Library Endowment on October 29, 1997,
in conjunction with the Charlotte and Lloyd Wineland Collec-
tion of Native American and Exploration Literature. Income
from the endowment will support study and research, as well
as acquisitions and preservation of the collections. The
Wineland Collection of 48 titles contains a number of gems,
including the first edition of Prince Maximilian’s beautifully
illustrated Rezse in des Innere Nord-America in den Jabren 1832 bis
1834 (1939-41), several rare items published between 1812 and
1891, and Theodor de Bry’s seminal sixteenth-century three-
volume work that formed the basis for identification of North
American Indians for centuries, and three works published in
the twentieth century. One of the latter volumes was dis-
played in the Libraries’ exhibition “Frontier Photographer:
Edward S. Curtis” (September 1998—September 1999), on view
in the Libraries gallery (located in the National Museum of
American History).

The Libraries appointed curators of rare books for two rare-
book libraries this year. Leslie Overstreet was made Curator of
Natural History Rare Books on October I and will be the
librarian of the new Nacural History Rare Book Library, now
under construction and expected to open in 2000. Ronald
Brashear was appointed Curator of Science and Technology
Rare Books on June 1 and serves researchers working in the
Dibner Library of the History of Science and Technology.
Both Ms. Overstreet and Mr. Brashear are in the Libraries’ Spe-
cial Collections Department.

The Libraries began offering a number of research materials
online this year. The Libraries home page (wwu:sil.si.edu/) now
carries the full-text contents of more than 175 science,
medicine, and technical journals that are available to
Smithsonian staff on their personal computers. The branch
library home pages contain a variety of other subject-specialized
databases for in-house researchers and for the general public.

To facilitate research in published literarure about African
art, the Libraries has entered information about more than
18,000 books, articles, reviews, and catalogs in the Libraries
online catalog, which is accessible on the Internet
(www.siris.si.edu/). The success of this effort is measured by the
increasing number of interlibrary loan requests (45 to 65
monthly) for copies of these African art articles that are
received by the National Museum of African Art branch.
Funded by the Getty Grant Program, the online index will

78

eventually include more than 28,000 records through the
Libraries’ catalog. Additions to the African art index, which
was created by Librarian Janet L. Stanley in 1980, will be
made as new literature is published.

To promote the preservation and accessibility of research
materials, the Smithsonian Institution Libraries in coopera-
tion with the Research Libraries Group (RLG) cohosted a
three-day digital imaging workshop for library and informa-
tion professionals and specialists, archivists, curators, and
preservation administrators on “Managing Digital Imaging
Projects.” This October 27-29, 1997, workshop was the first of
three on the topic, including one scheduled to be held in the
United Kingdom. The Smithsonian Institution Libraries par-
ticipates in the RLG Preservation Program, and several
Smithsonian museums and archives are members of RLG.

To foster interest in the history of the Smithsonian, the
Smithsonian Institution Libraries launched an online version
of its 1soth-anniversary exhibition, “From Smithson to
Smithsonian: The Birth of an Institution,” with lesson plans
for grade 9-12 history classes prepared by the Smithsonian
Office of Education. Providing full-text documents from
Smithson’s scientific articles and his will, as well as newspaper
accounts of the debates leading to the Institution's estab-
lishment, and Joseph Henry’s “Programme” and accounts of
Spencer Baird's administration, the online show has won
praise for its “music, images, pertinent text and clean design.”

The Libraries brought three researchers to work in the Dib-
ner Library of the History of Science and Technology this year.
Sixteen researchers have been funded since The Dibner Fund
began providing resources for the Smithsonian Institution
Libraries Dibner Library Resident Scholar Program in 1992.
Sarah Lowengard of the State University of New York, Stony
Brook, studied color theory in the eighteenth century and its
practical applications in the fields of textile dyes, ceramic
glazes, and painters’ colors for oils and watercolors. Harry Kit-
sikopoulos, New York University and New York Institute of
Technology, researched the diffusion of steam engines and the
timing of the British Industrial Revolution, 1770-1870. Shan-
non Allen Brown, University of California Santa Cruz, worked
toward completing his research on the U.S. military's uses of
electricity and its effects in shaping the modern infrastruc-
ture, using the Dibner Library's distinguished collection in
the history of electricity.

Two distinguished professors discussed their research in
public lectures this year sponsored by the Smithsonian Institu-
tion Libraries and funded by The Dibner Fund. Henry Petros-
ki of Duke University, author of The Pencil and To Engineer is
Human, spoke on “Pencils, Paperclips, and Invention” on
November 18. The 1998 Dibner Library Lecture was delivered
by Harvard University’s Professor of the History of Science
and Women’s Studies Katharine Park who spoke on “Visible
Women: Anatomical Illustration and Human Dissection in
Renaissance Italy” on May 20. The Dibner Fund has sup-
ported annual lectures in the History of Science and Technol-
ogy since 1992.

Valerie Wheat, Smithsonian Institution Libraries’ branch
librarian for the Museum Reference Center, completed a year's
participation in a program to prepare librarians from a racial
minority group for top leadership positions in research and
academic libraries. Ms. Wheat was one of 21 librarians chosen
from a competitive pool in this program sponsored by the
Association of Research Libraries Leadership and Career
Development Program and funded by the Department of
Education. She adapted her completed research project,
“Museum and Library Collaborations: A Natural Culrural
Partnership,” into a presentation at the American Association
of Museums in May.

The Smithsonian Institution Libraries plays an essential
role in the exhibitions, the programs, and in the research con-
ducted at the Institution with its 18 branch libraries and
electronic resources available at www.sil.si.edu. Its collections
of 1.2 million volumes with 40,000 rare books include strong
holdings in most of the Institution's historical disciplines,
lending crucial support to founder James Smithson’s mandate
for “the increase and diffusion of knowledge.” Particular col-
lection strengths are in the fields of natural history, anthropol-
ogy, and Native American history and culture to the history
of science and technology, American history, aviation history
and space flight, postal history, design and decorative arts,
African art, museology, materials conservation research, tropi-
cal biology, and environmental management and ecology. The
distinguished collection of manufacturers’ trade literarure
(285,000 pieces representing 30,000 companies) and of world’s
fairs materials are used by scholars in many disciplines. The
Libraries is actively building collections in Latino history and
culture and African American history and culture.

Smithsonian Institution Traveling
Exhibition Service

Anna R. Cohn, Director

The Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service
(SITES) is the largest traveling exhibition service in the world.
Its mission is to extend the Smithsonian collections, research, and
exhibitions to “sites” across the nation and beyond. SITES or-
ganizes and circulates exhibitions of all shapes and sizes on the
arts, sciences, and humanities. Since the first exhibition went on
the road in 1952, SITES has traveled thousands of exhibitions for
the education and enjoyment of museum goers in every state and
several foreign countries.

In order to expand the Smithsonian's outreach, SITES has
continued to seek out alternative partners and spaces to create
and host exhibitions. For example, throughout its tour, the ex-
hibition “Vanishing Amphibians” traveled to science centers,
conferences, and libraries in order to reach audiences that
might not visit traditional science or natural history
museums. SITES also continues to work the American Library

Association to create poster versions of exhibitions to hang in
libraries across the country. It began a strategic alliance with
Silver Dollar City in order to insure wide visibility for Smith-
sonian exhibitions way beyond the Belrway.

Additionally, SITES continues to work with America’s Jazz
Heritage to create innovative exhibitions and programs to ex-
plore the historical and social impact of jazz music.

SITES’ Rural Initiative Program is designed to reach under-
served communities in rural areas throughout the United
States. In addition to providing these venues with exhibi-
tions, SITES works with the Federation of State Humanities
Councils to provide the venues with professional development
programs and training, as well as assisting in the develop-
ment of site-specific public programming.

SITES also expanded its national outreach this year through
the Internet by launching the online exhibition “Rotten Truth
(About Garbage)” and by including new educational materials
on its own newly redesigned Web site.

Smithsonian Office of Education

Ann Bay, Director

Web Sites for Young Researchers

In FY 1998 SOE created two Web sites for young researchers:
“Migrations: People, Culture, Objects, Ideas” (launched fall
1997) and “Impacto, Influencia, Cambio: Science, Technology,
and Invention in Latin America and the Southwestern United
States” (launched September 28, 1998). Both sites contain
primary source materials such as oral histories, patent draw-
ings, photographs of objects, and documents from a variety of
Smithsonian museums and archives. The Web sites (subareas
of the Smithsonian Education Web site) have been designed
for use by students in grades 6 through 12 who are doing
projects for National History Day (about 500,000 students
annually). Our purpose is to make Smithsonian resources as
useful and accessible as possible to this audience.

Museum/Schoo! Conference

In September 1998 the SOE and the Institute for Museum and
Library Studies are sponsoring a conference on the evaluation
of museum schools. Participants will look at the impact of
museum-based curricula on cognitive, emotional, and be-
havioral measures of student performance. At the conference
the schools will share examples of instruments used to
measure student growth including instructional rubrics, stu-
dent and teacher surveys, and specific performance tasks.

Audience Research: Readers of Smithsonian in
Your Classroom

The Smithsonian Office of Education joined forces with the
Office of Institutional Studies to conduct a full-scale survey of

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the teachers who subscribe to SOE’s quarterly teaching guide
for elementary schools, Smithsonian in Your Classroom. The of-
fices designed a survey instrument and mailed 2,000 question-
naires in spring of 1998 (to about I5 percent of subscribers).
An astonishing 80 percent of those questioned responded to
the survey. Results indicated satisfaction with the publication
and considerable use of it in classrooms. More than half of
the publication's subscribers also read Smithsonian
magazine and take advantage of Smithsonian outreach
activities, and 90 percent use the Internet. Readers seek
more materials in science and history and activities geared
to the primary grades (K-3).

Teachers as Researchers

To promote the use of museum-based methodologies in class-
rooms, SOE conducted a seminar for teachers in the Washington,
D.C. area on how to develop an exhibit. Teachers visited the
Office of Exhibits Central, CAL, and met with museum
curators to understand the processes involved in researching
and building an exhibit. Teachers emulated these processes as
they used primary sources within the Smithsonian to build
protorype exhibits for their own classrooms. Based on this
work and other research, the SOE will publish guidelines on
classroom exhibit development in 1999.

Office of Sponsored Projects

Ardelle G. Foss, Director

The Office of Sponsored Projects served Smithsonian researchers
and scholars by supporting the work of approximately 137
principal investigators who submitted 248 new proposals
valued at $63 million and by negotiating and accepting for
the Insticution 208 grant and contract awards valued at

$27 million.

Accessibility Program

Janice Majewski, Smithsonian Accessibility Coordinator

The Accessibiliry Program is a pan-Institutional resource for
Smithsonian units to ensure that the Smithsonian's programs
and facilities are accessible to people with disabilities. The
Program collaborates with all Smithsonian organizations to
improve access to existing resources, as well as to design each
new program, exhibition, publication, media presentation,
and building to be fully accessible to visitors and staff with
disabilities. The Program's activities this year show the range
of information and services it provides.

80

A significant amount of Program time is spent on acces-
sibility reviews of facilities and exhibitions to ensure that all
new construction is fully accessible to people with disabilities.
A close working relationship has been fostered through these
reviews with the Office of Physical Plant and museum exhibi-
tion designers, thus increasing staff awareness of what acces-
sible design entails and helping the Institution further its
goals to become fully accessible to all visitors and staff.

In conjunction with its policy and implementation and
guidelines writing responsibility, the Program conducted five
seminars with staff and outside advisors with disabilities to
Smithsonian staff and outside cultural organizations. Address-
ing cutting-edge issues in the areas of accessibility in museum
settings, these sessions prepare staff to present better
programs to the Smithsonian’s entire public.

Support for Smithsonian units also included providing
direct accessibility services for visitors (for example, sign
language interpreters, real-time captioning, and translation of
documents into Braille.) This year the Program arranged
nearly 500 hours of services for visitors attending Smithsonian
Associates courses, FONZ lectures, and docent-led tours of
the museums.

Finally, the Program provides technical assistance on issues
of museum accessibility to museum and Universal Design
professionals around the world.

Institutional Studies Office

Zahava D. Doering, Director

The Institutional Studies Office (ISO) is a pan-Institutional
resource for the systematic study of the characteristics, attitudes,
opinions and experiences of Smithsonian constituencies. The
small staff includes professionals with expertise in sociology,
demography, research methods, survey statistics, and a variety
of quantitative and qualitative data analysis and evaluation
techniques.

Since its founding in 1987, ISO has conducted studies and
applied research for Smithsonian administrators, curators, and
programmatic staff. Areas of investigation include audience
and membership profiles, background studies and assessments
of SI exhibitions and public programs, and ongoing analyses
of employee composition. For each study, ISO is responsible
for all aspects of study or survey design, implementation of
data collection, analysis, and report writing. Institutional
clients are asked to assume the costs of data collection and
dara entry. In addition, the office provides some technical
consultation to cultural organizations throughout the country
and professional review of applied research conducted for
them. The staff is also available, on a limited basis, to conduct
seminars in various aspects of applied quantitative and qualita-
tive research and program evaluation.

The results of ISO studies are disseminated in several for-
mats. The major vehicle is a report series; analyses include
technical appendices that both document the work and can be
used as methodological models. The Reports are distributed
both within and outside of the SI. Publications also include re-
search notes. Research notes have a more limited distribution,
either because of the subject matter or because the results are
not generalizable. Results are also presented at professional
meetings or in journal publications. Finally, to ensure that
clients have timely access to results while more formal docu-
ments are being prepared, memoranda are prepared for inter-
nal use.

The Office’s 1997—98 activities included:

(1) Background studies: (a) A background study of the atti-
tudes of Mall visitors towards Native Americans. This
study, in preparation for the new National Museum of the
American Indian on the National Mall, was conducted in
three different museums on the Mall. (b) The Star-Spangled
Banner study—a background study designed to help in the
preparation of a future display of this famous icon after con-
servation is completed. Smithsonian visitors in the Nation-
al Museum of American History were surveyed regarding
their use of flags, their preferences for display, and the
values they associated with the flag and American history.
(c) Interviews with engaged visitors in the National
Museum of American Art and National Portrait Gallery.
This qualitative study offered insight into the experiences
of visitors in these two museums that share one building. It
also provided information on which to base a subsequent
survey study.

(2) Formative evaluation: for example, audience research for
“Bodyworks,” a furure exhibition on medicine in the National
Museum of American History. ISO staff worked with mem-
bers of the exhibition planning team in informal assessment of
visitor responses to items proposed for the exhibition.

(3) Assessments of major exhibitions and programs, including
the following: (a) “Puja,” an exhibition of Hindu art at the
Arthur M. Sackler Gallery that was designed to be especially
educational; (b) “Twelve Centuries of Japanese Art from the
Imperial Collections,” another exhibition at the Sackler
Gallery, was studied because its style of presentation dif-
fered so significantly from that of the Puja exhibition,
although the visiting audiences were very similar; (c) the
Contributing Membership Program was studied through a
mail survey in order to compare the present membership
and their attitudes with those who were in the program ten
years ago, the time of the last study.

(4) Technical training: Three ISO staff members conducted a
one-week course introducing the methods and potentials of
visitor studies. The course was offered under the auspices of
the Center for Museum Studies. Participants came from
smaller museums from across the country.

(5) Statistical information on Smithsonian constituencies for
bureau and office development staffs and program person-
nel: for example, 1997 Visits to Smithsonian Museums.

(6) Statistical analyses used by the Institution to meet its
labor force reporting requirements to the Regents, the
Congress, and other federal agencies.

(7) Presentation of research results: (a) This year rwo ISO staff
members made presentations at the annual meeting of the
American Association of Museums and four ISO staff
presented papers at the annual meeting of the Visitor
Studies Association; (b) The director presented a paper on
museum visitor research to a graduating class at the
University of the Arts in Philadelphia.

Office of the Chief Financial Officer

Rick Johnson, Chief Financial Officer

The Office of the Chief Financial Officer was established by
memo from the Under Secretary dated, July 17, 1996. The
Chief Financial Officer is responsible for the Office of the
Comptroller, the Office of Contracting, and the Office of the
Treasurer. The Chief Financial Officer also provides oversight
over the financial management of grants and contracts in the
Office of Sponsored Projects.

During fiscal year 1998 there was continued development of
the financial plan for che Dulles Center Project at the National
Air and Space Museum. There was also a focus on improving the
understanding of the Smithsonian’s financial status with the is-
suance of a number of reports expanding upon the audited finan-
cial statements. Activities of the SI-wide indirect cost team led to
a more equitable business activity rate.

Financial systems projects included the successful imple-
mentation of the new government travel card, stabilization of
the processing of accounting data for payroll and planning for
Y2K compliance.

Some additional activities are listed below:

° Managed the contract with the external auditors; assured an
effective annual audit, which resulted in an unqualified
opinion of the audited statements

e Prepared the financial report for Smithsonian Year 1997

e Served on the National Postal Museum Coordinating
Committee

e Served on SI-wide internal control committee (FMFIA)

Office of General Counsel

John E. Huerta, General Counsel

The Office of the General Counsel (OGC) protects the legal
interests of the Smithsonian Institution. In carrying out that
mission, the OGC provides legal advice and counsel to the

81

Smithsonian Board of Regents, Secretary, Provost, Under
Secretary, and other managers on the administration of the In-
stitution; represents the Smithsonian in litigation and other
adversarial proceedings to which the Institution is a party and
before federal, state, and local government entities on ad-
ministrative matters; issues final determinations on ad-
ministrative tort and personal property claims against the
Smithsonian; and generally monitors developments in the law
for application to the Smithsonian programs.

Office of Communications

David J. Umansky, Director

The Office of Communications is responsible for the public
face of the Institution. Its Office of Public Affairs (OPA) is
dedicated to media relations, publications, and public rela-
tions. The Visitor Information and Associates’ Reception Cen-
ter (VIARC) serves the 28 million people who visit the
Smithsonian each year.

Office of Public Affairs

Linda St. Thomas, Associate Director, Media Relations
Kathryn Lindeman, Associate Director, Publications

This year, Director of Communications David J. Umansky
and staff in the Office of Public Affairs began implementing
the Secretary's new visual identity program, designed by Ivan
Chermayeff of Chermayeff & Geismar in New York City. The
foundation of the program is a new logo, used with a sunburst
symbol, that links the Smithsonian name with each museum,
research institute, and office.

A major effort in implementing the visual identity was the
preparation, printing, and distribution of the Smithsonian
Design Guidelines, which governs use of the logo by staff and
outside designers and printers. By the end of the fiscal year,
the new identity was in place on many Smithsonian products,
including stationery, Web sites, brochures, and reports.

A public service ad campaign put the Smithsonian in the
public eye this year. The ad featured Larry Fuente's colorful Game
Fish, from the Renwick Gallery’s collection, with the line “Ever
wonder who decides what the Smithsonian keeps?” It ran in TV
Guide, Latina, the New Yorker, Elle Decor, and other magazines in
free space provided to nonprofit organizations such as the
Smithsonian. The ad received the Addy 98 Citation of Excellence
from the Advertising Club of Washington, D.C.

Extensive media coverage followed the announcement of 2
three-year conservation project for the Star-Spangled Banner.
The project is part of the White House Millennium Council's

82

Save America’s Treasures initiative, launched at the National
Museum of American History on July 13 by President Bill
Clinton and First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton. OPA hand-
led all media for the event and videotaped the ceremony.

OPA produced a 16-minute video for television news
producers with exterior views of the museums and the National
Mall, as well as shots of famous artifacts, including the Star-
Spangled Banner. The staff also developed and produced a
seven-minute film about education at the Smithsonian to be
used by the Office of Membership and Development and
other offices.

Two brochures in OPA’s Resources series were updated this
year: Native American Resources at the Smithsonian and African
and African American Resources at the Smithsonian. The
brochures are intended for teachers, students, and researchers
interested in exploring Smithsonian collections, databases,
publications, and other resources.

OPA also reestablished a full-time staff position this year to
publicize and promote research at the Institution.

Visitor Information and Associates’
Reception Center

Mary Grace Potter, Director

During fiscal year 1998, the Visitor Information and Associates’
Reception Center (VIARC) continued to pursue its mission to
broaden the public’s knowledge, appreciation, and enjoyment
of the Institution and to facilitate and promote participation
in its programs and activities.

As a central support organization and the principal contact
point for information about the Smithsonian, VIARC's work
was carried out through the Smithsonian Information Center
(SIC); 18 museum information/member reception desks;
response services for public and member mail, telephone and
electronic inquiries; outreach to the tourism industry; outdoor
wayfinding stations; two large volunteer programs that
provided primary support for the Insticution’s public informa-
tion activities and for staff project assistance behind the
scenes; and a docent program for the Castle.

Operating from 9:00 A.M.—5:30 P.M. daily, the Smithsonian
Information Center attracted 1,890,838 visitors. Reception ser-
vices were provided to 26,570 Associate members and their
families; 3,735 memberships were sold representing $131,841 in
revenue. Docents led 300 tours of the Castle, which engaged
3,366 public and Associate participants.

Information desk services were provided daily in 13
museums by a corps of 676 Volunteer Information Specialists.
During the year 1996 new volunteers were recruited, trained,
and placed in desk assignments across the Institution; the Info-
Special newsletter was produced and distributed quarterly; and
83 in-service enrichment opportunities were offered to volun-

teer participants as a means of increasing their knowledge and
understanding of the Institution's work and collections.

Incoming public inquiry mail including electronic in-
quiries numbered 34,411. Capability to respond online
facilitated answers to some 4,710 inquiries originating
primarily from The Worldwide Web. The latter represents
more than a 100 percent increase in electronic inquiries. Fifty-
five new bibliographies, fact sheets, and leaflets were created
and uploaded to the Web on subjects ranging from anthropol-
ogy to zoology; 51 others were created or revised for individual
responses. The Sa/es Reference List was updated and published
three times. Outgoing mail in response to both mail and
phone inquiries numbered over 74,000 pieces.

Public telephone inquiries documented by VIARC num-
bered more than 377,466, the heaviest volume experienced in
the history of the program. Although this number is high,
the actual number handled was even higher as phone data
could not be retrieved during two when periods when the call
management system crashed. To maintain service for Institu-
tion callers during these periods required labor intensive
measures by staff and volunteers. Factors influencing the
volume of calls included the “Star Wars” exhibition and the
IMAX film Everest, both at the National Air and Space
Museum; and Black History Month activities.

Toral volunteers participating in the Behind-the-Scenes
Volunteer Program during the year numbered 1,240. Transla-
tions completed by volunteer translators numbered 107 in 9
languages. These volunteers contributed over 176,000 hours
of service to projects in departments, divisions, and programs
across the Institution.

Efforts to address the Institution's accessibiliry and cultural
diversity goals were ongoing. Eighteen percent of new Volun-
teer Information Specialists represented minority constituencies;
23 percent of new volunteers placed in projects behind the
scenes were known to be minorities. Printed activity
“Samplers” were produced for all Heritage Celebrations and
24-hour recorded information tapes were also provided.
Telephone requests for Black History Month calendars were
the highest ever received (4,512), a 52 percent increase over
1997's then record number of requests. The unprecedented
volume of requests was attributed to a misunderstanding of
the term “calendar” in promotional materials. As updates
were required, publications were revised to reflect adherence
to accessibility guidelines and primary publications were
provided in alternate formats at all information desks for dis-
tribution to visitors. In addition, tours of the SIB were offered
in Spanish during Hispanic Heritage Month and on a request
basis throughout the year. The Tourism Outreach Coordinator
attended Nuestra Gente, a U.S.-Latino Awareness Conference
to enhance skills in marketing to Latinos and the annual
LaCumbre marketplace to promote travel to the Institution/
D.C. from Latin America. Other efforts included the design
and installation of the A&] information desk, production of
an open-captioned version of the SIC video, supply of Braille
Metro maps to all information desks, uploading all Heritage

Month activities to the Web, and promotion of same in the
SIC theaters.

The Institution-wide volunteer survey conducted annually
through VIARC counted a total of 5,724 volunteers who con-
tributed some 495,551 hours of service during FY 98. Volun-
teer participation was acknowledged appropriately through
appreciation events, service pins, the annual January supple-
ment to The Torch, and inclusion in the various staff open
houses sponsored through the Community Committee.

Appreciation events for participants in VIARC’s two volun-
teer programs included remarks by Secretary Heyman at the
spring event for behind-the-scenes volunteers when one of the
Institution's oldest volunteer groups, the Ham radio
operators, and one of the newest volunteer groups, Voices
2000 from the Accessibility Program, were awarded special
service plaques. The Secretary also spoke at the holiday recep-
tion for Volunteer Information Specialists. Volunteers also
received gift calendars, and NMAH and SIC volunteers were
invited to the Secretary's Fourth of July picnic.

Work with the tourism industry continued through par-
ticipation in major marketplace activities including the
American Bus Association; National Tour Association; Travel
Industry Association; and La Cumbre, the principal visit U.S.
travel trade show for Latin American tour operators and travel
agents. Liaison with local hospitality, convention, and visitors
associations was ongoing, as was online promotion of the
Smithsonian through TravelFile and NTA Online. To
promote the Smithsonian as a major tourist destination,
VIARC also assisted the Washington, D.C. Convention and
Visitors Association in arranging a reception at the National
Museum of African Art for African American Heritage tour
operators. In addition, VIARC was instrumental in facilitat-
ing the display of SITES and Museum Shop items in the
newly opened Reagan Building and hosted a monthly meeting
of the D.C. Chamber of Commerce's Convention and Tourism
Committee, at which NASM'’s Dulles Center Director of
Major Gifts was the featured speaker.

Additional activities during Fiscal Year 1998 included
creative and productive internal and external communication
systems and networks that enabled VIARC to improve and
enhance information services for all audiences. Highlights
included, but were not limited to, the following initiatives:
researching and contracting for replacement of the telephone
system; completion of research for digitization of “Super-
guide” map and contracting for same; completion of the
Exhibits Archives Project for ten museums (2,912 exhibits);
content review of 36 SI and non-SI publications; redesign and
updating of the Smithsonian convention display unit; finaliza-
tion of new alternatives for outdoor wayfinding pylons; com-
pletion of site identification on SIC models; completion of
Y2K changes to VIARC's custom database programs; con-
figuration and installation of Pentium computers at informa-
tion desks; cabling and connection of Sackler and NASM
information desks to SINET; numerous office network and
custom software improvements/enhancements including the

83

addition of new HP4oo0 printers for every unit; another
major new project was initiated to replace the SIC info window
program. Finalization is anticipated during FY 1999. In addition,
integration of VIARC’s Web pages in the redesign of the SI
home page accompanied by improved graphics and many other
enhancements resulted in a 400 percent increase in usage of our
Web resources. (In September alone there were over 173,000 uni-
que visitors to our pages.) “Encyclopedia Smithsonian” continued
to expand, winning a number of awards from Internet Sites in-
cluding “Links 2 Go” and “Study Web.”

Office of Contracting

John W. Cobert, Director

The Office of Contracting continued to provide central con-
tracting, business, procurement, and advisory services for all
Smithsonian museums, research institutes, and offices. The of-
fice is responsible directly, through its staff, and indirectly,
through the issuance and oversight of delegations of contract-
ing authority to various offices, for the negotiation, contract
formation, and continuing contract administration involving
the expenditure of most of the Smithsonian's appropriated
federal and Institutional trust funds. The Business Contracting
Division manages and has oversight for contracting for income
generating and special relationship business contracts. The
Travel Services Division manages all of the Smithsonian's
travel bookings and arrangements for worldwide activities.
The Property and Inventory Management Branch has respon-
sibility for the Insticution’s accountable property control system.

During Fiscal Year 1998, the office provided regular and on-
going support to the Institution's numerous exhibits, projects,
design and construction activities, and programs, and con-
tinued carryover activities from 1997. The office negotiated
and awarded contracts to restart the National Museum of the
American Indian Mall Museum design project and also to
design exhibits for the Museum.

The office acquired the Spacelab module, Igloo and its in-
strument pointing system from the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration for accession into the National Air and
Space Museum, through the General Services Administration
federal excess program, at an estimated value of $219,000,000.

The Office of Contracting added a fourth training
course to its training program: “Simplified Acquisition,”
which was specifically created for Smithsonian Senior
Procurement Officers. Training in Federal Contracting
Basics (FCB), Contracting Officer's Technical Repre-
sentative, (COTR), Project Management, and Simplified
Acquisition was provided to 312 Smithsonian staff mem-
bers. The FCB class was offered to the Cooper-Hewitt,
National Design Museum and the National Museum of
the American Indian, on site in New York.

84

The Office of Contracting continued its ambitious training
program for project and contract management.

Office of Equal Employment and
Minority Affairs

Era L. Marshall, Director

In Fiscal Year 1998 the Office of Equal Employment and
Minority Affairs (OEEMA) continued its successful program
initiatives, refining and enhancing efforts that have produced
marked successes in promoting EEO/Diversity and the use of
small, disadvantaged and women-owned businesses.

OEEMA resolved an increased number of EO complaints in
the informal stage through such methods as mediation and
advice and assistance meetings with both employees and
managers to focus on and resolve workplace issues. Results
included responding to more than 648 contacts from managers
and employees through in-depth counseling, various consult-
ative advice and assistance efforts, and the efforts of our inter-
nal EEO counselors. Out of a total of 77 cases handled on the
informal level, five were resolved through settlement agree-
ments; and ten through intake counseling. The estimated cost
avoidance to the Smithsonian was $2,722,500. Five cases were
settled through mediation, for a cast savings to the Smithsonian
of $22,500.

The investigative arm of OEEMA increased the number of
EEO investigations conducted by internal staff. During the
fiscal year, 43 investigations were closed; of these, 21 were
closed using Smithsonian staff. Using a baseline of $3,000 per
case, the use of internal staff to conduct EEO investigations
resulted in a cost savings of $63,000 to the Institution.

OEEMA continued to institute a comprehensive training
plan and program to educate and increase SI employees’ aware-
ness of Institutional policy regarding the Prevention of Sexual
Harassment (POSH) and to help promote a working environ-
ment free of intimation, hostility, and sexual discrimination.
A total of 1,070 employees participated in POSH training in
FY 1998; a POSH policy statement was published and put on
the SI PRISM Web site, and the POSH database continues to
track Instirution-wide employee attendance.

In the Special Emphasis/Affirmative Employment Program
area, OEEMA broadened applicant flow information to pro-
vide underrepresentation data to management and OHR for
use in targeted recruitment; maintained an automated track-
ing system to improve OEEMA's responsiveness to
unit/management concerns; and prepared trend analysis
reports on weekly, quarterly, and annual bases. The office ad-
vised and assisted units consisting of 25 or more employees, SI
managers/supervisors, and OEEMA collateral-dury officials
with diversity planning (recruitment, hiring, training) and
evaluation. In FY 1998 OEEMA reviewed 1,041 selection cer-

tificates, certifying them with signature and through ap-
propriate comments to management officials.

OEEMA held meetings and training programs for all unit
Equal Opportunity officers and supervisors to provide current
information on the changes in federal and Smithsonian equal
employment programs. Additional training was also provided
managers to increase their understanding of EEO laws, including
the guidelines and issues resulting from the Adzrand decision.

OEEMA's Diversity team collaborated with disabled
employees, their unit managers/supervisors, the Ombudsman,
and such organizations as the Employee Assistance Program
(EAP) and Labor/Employee Relations (LER) to ascertain the
need for, facilitate the use of, and provide guidance to such
units as AA/PG, Museum Shops, OEMS, OFM-Quad, OPA,
and NMNH.

OEEMAS internal Small and Disadvantaged Business
Utilization (SDBU) outreach effort was highlighted by the
very successful Small Business Procurement Fair, which
featured eight small businesses specializing in office products.
More than 150 SI staff were in attendance to meet and net-
work with business representatives, resulting in subsequent SI
contract awards in the amount of approximately $150,000 to
the exhibitors.

SDBU'’s outreach featured a significant coordination effort
with the Small Business Administration (SBA) to develop a
memorandum of understanding (MOU) between the
Smithsonian and SBA. The MOU delegates to the Smithsonian
direct authority to award 8(a) contracts, reducing processing
time from two months to about two weeks.

OEEMA worked with numerous SI units to assist in identify-
ing small businesses and encouraged them to set aside contrac-
tual requirements for smal! business and 8(a) programs. These
efforts led to the awarding of at least eight major contracts,
including three five-year open-term information technology
services contracts to 8(a) firms with a potential maximum value
of $7.5 million each and five new construction 8(a) term contracts
to be awarded in early FY 1999.

Our FY 1997 “Contracting Achievement Report” showed the
Smithsonian met and significantly exceeded three of its four
small business goals: percentage contract dollars to 8(a) firms
were 13 percent, with a goal of 1 pecent; small disadvantaged
businesses achieved 10 percent, with a goal of 3 percent; and
women-owned businesses achieved 12 percent, with a goal of 5
percent. These results placed the Instirution in the rop ten federal
agencies in these three main categories of procurement awards.

OEEMA, in collaboration with the EO Advisory Council,
hosted its fourth Equal Employment Award Program on Oc-
tober 28, 1997. This key EEO awareness and appreciation ac-
tivity has proven successful in gaining Institutional support
for EEO initiatives. OEEMA created the concept and was the
first office to employ the full support and involvement of the
Secretary, the Under Secretary, and the Provost.

Several ourstanding managers and employees were recog-
nized for exceptional contributions to the Smithsonian's

Equal Opportunity goals.

The OEEMA Director represented the Smithsonian's
programs, policies, and practices in discussions and meetings
of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and the
Interagency Council of EEO and Civil Rights Directors.
We shared “lessons learned” as part of the national effort to
improve the quality of EEO programming in the federal
government.

OEEMA served as a principal participant in monthly
meetings of the Employee Relations Working Group, which
entertains the presence of the Deputy General Counsel, the
Director of the Office of Human Resources, the Manager of
Labor and Employee Relations, the Employee Assistance
Program Manager, and the Ombudsman.

This collaborative effort ensures that all players in the
dispute resolution business are kept informed of every case
involving a dispute with the Smithsonian's policies, practices,
or procedures—whether in the informal/formal stages of the
EEO complaint process, in OHR/LER, MSPB, or in the
District courts.

OEEMA's Director participated in meetings of the
Smithsonian’s Personnel System Reform Steering Committee,
and staff members served on various subcommittees repre-
senting EEO goals and policies.

OEEMA continues to serve as a member of the Office of Small
and Disadvantaged Business Utilization (OSDBU) Directors
Interagency Council. The Council serves as a forum to inform
and alert federal SDBU directors of trends and developments in
the small business political and economic arenas.

OEEMA prepared reports to inform of diversity initiatives,
efforts, and accomplishments. The annual Smithsonian Institu-
tion Equal Opportunity Report provided a detailed work force
analysis and synopsis of Smithsonian museum exhibits and
programs to the House and Senate Committees on Appropria-
tions, setting forth in detail the Institution's commitment to
celebrating our nation’s diverse historical and cultural achieve-
ments. The annual Accomplishment Report for Diversity Action
Plans informed senior management of each unit's diversity
initiatives and its efforts to meet EO responsibilities. The
annual Affirmative Action Plan for Minorities and Women and
the annual Affirmative Action Plan and Accomplishment Report for
Persons with Disabilities were prepared in accordance with
EEOC directives.

OEEMA published the fifth edition of its office newsletter,
“Opportunities,” during this period. This publication assists
employees and managers to deal with and resolve human rela-
tions issues. The current issue featured information on
reasonable accommodation, sexual harassment, how to handle
an EEO complaint, and an update on SDBU activities. The
publication is distributed pan-Institutionally and has consis-
tently received extremely positive reviews.

OEEMA has established and maintains effective lines of com-
munication with major Smithsonian offices. Our work successes
result from embracing a common vision “to be valued as a highly
effective service organization that provides impartial, pro-active
guidance and assistance to our customers.”

85

Office of Environmental
Management and Safety

E William Billingsley, Director

The Office of Environmental Management and Safety con-
tinued to ensure a safe and healthful environment for all
Smithsonian employees, volunteers, and the visiting public.
The office provided consultation services, training, and tech-
nical support in the areas of environmental management, fire
protection, and occupational health and safety. The office also
informed the Smithsonian of applicable fire, safety, and en-
vironmental management laws and conducted inspections of
all Smithsonian facilities. FY 1998 marked the seventh annual
Secretary's Safety Awards Ceremony. The National Museum of
American History won the large-facilicy award, and the
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center won the small-
faciliry award.

Office of Physical Plant

Michael J. Sofield, Director

The Office of Physical Plant creates and maintains the in-
frastructure and environment within which the Smithsonian
museums, research institutes, and offices pursue their goals.
The work of the office includes capital construction projects;
repair, restoration, and alteration of buildings; crafts and trade
work to maintain facilities; operation of utilities systems;
landscaping and gardening for Smithsonian properties,
transportation and mail services; and architectural research
and historic preservation. For the first time ever, the Office
was able to commit more than $50 million to support repair
and restoration of Smithsonian facilities.

Office of Facilities Services

Richard H. Rice, Jr., Senior Facilities Services Officer

The Office of Facilities Services, along with other organiza-
tions in the Facilities Services Group, continued to focus on
collaborative efforts to improve service to the Institution.
Among these were several specific organizational development
initiatives, focusing on internal relationships, communica-
tions and leadership. The Office also led the strategy to in-
crease funding for repair of the Smithsonian's physical plant,
which resulted in appropriation of $40 million in FY 1999.

86

Office of Protection Services

David F. Morrell, Director

Deriving its legal authority from Title 40, United States
Code, Section 193, the Office of Protection Services (OPS) has
as its mission protecting and securing the National Collec-
tions and other properties entrusted to the Smithsonian
Institution and ensuring the safety and security of staff and
visitors, while permitting an appropriate level of public access
to the collections and properties.

During this year, the Office of Protection Services recruited
and hired 82 Museum Protection Officers (MPO). OPS con-
tinued its contract with Wackenhut Services Incorporated to
train all 82 MPOs. The two-week training course focused on
basic security operations within a museum setting. Wacken-
hut and OPS conducted seven in-service MPS training classes
this year. Wackenhut also assisted OPS in providing nine
basic supervisory training courses for sergeants and lieutenants.
The focus of the supervisory class was the development of effec-
tive communication skills.

In addition, OPS also worked with Wackenhut in designing
and implementing a “train the trainer” course. This course
provided OPS employees with various training methods ena-
bling them to train entry-level MPO's effectively.

Also this year, James J. McLaughlin was selected as Deputy
Director of Operations on March 30, 1998; Douglas A. Hall
was selected as Chief of the Technical Security Division on
April 13, 1998; William Ruth was selected as Chief of the
Central Information on August 3, 1998; and Beverly Johnson
was selected as Chief of the Training Division on September
28, 1998. James Burford was appointed to the position of Spe-
cial Assistant to the Deputy Director on April 13, 1998.

OPS staff developed 36 administrative and operational
policies. These policies were distributed to all OPS security
units and divisions. Security Managers and Division Chiefs
were instructed to introduce and explain each of the new
policies to their staff in order to ensure that all employees
understand OPS-wide requirements and responsibilities.

In our continuing effort to upgrade and modernize security
systems throughout the Smithsonian, OPS worked closely
with the U.S. Army Engineering Support Center, Huntsville,
Alabama, and developed a proposal title “The Smithsonian
Security Modernization Program.” This proposal provides the
program objectives to replace the Smithsonian Institution
Propriety Security System and the communications infrastruc-
ture to bring all Smithsonian museums and facilities to a
consistent standard of electronic security application.

This year, like the rwo previous years, OPS staff worked
closely with the staff of “America’s Smithsonian” to ensure
that the last exhibition in Scottsdale, Arizona, was a success.
OPS staff monitored the security contract for the exhibition
and ensured that artifacts were escorted from Scottsdale to
Washington, D.C. without incident.

The National Conference on Cultural Property Protection
was held in Alexandria, Virginia, from February 9-12, 1998.
The theme for the conference was Optimizing Security with
Minimum Resources." More than 150 people from museums,
libraries, and cultural property institutions attended the
conference.

Smithsonian Magazine

Ronald C. Walker, Publisher
Don Moser, Editor

Since its founding in 1970, Smithsonian Magazine has ex-
tended the Institution’s message, expanded its influence, and
increased its public visibility throughour the United States
and abroad. Considered one of the greatest success stories in
magazine publishing history, Smithsonian is now the twenty-
third largest magazine in the country with a circulation of 2
million. It continues to generate revenue for the Institution.

Editorial subjects extend beyond the scope of the
Institution's museums. Leading authors contribute articles
about the arts, history, the environment, conservation, and the
sciences, always written with the layperson in mind. Monthly
features include “Phenomena, Comment & Notes,” a commen-
tary on nature and the natural world; “Smithsonian Perspec-
tives,” a column by the Smithsonian secretary; and reviews of
recently released nonfiction books. Smithsonian Institution ac-
tivities are covered in three regular departments: “Around the
Mall & Beyond,” “Smithsonian Highlights,” and “The Object
at Hand.”

The awards won by Smithsonian this year include the
Clarion Award for Best Overall External Magazine, sponsored
by The Association for Women in Communications. Writer
Scott Weidensaul won the Outdoor Writers Association of
America, Inc. President's Choice award (“best of the best” of
all winning magazine entries) for “The Belled Viper”
(Smithsonian, December 1997).

Also this year, Smithsonian’s site on the Worldwide Web
introduced a new home page design, creating opportunities
for more editorial promotion and greater functionality than
before. This year also saw the debut of Kids’ Castle, a new
educational area of the Web site featuring content and
photographs drawn from Smithsonian editorial and geared
toward kids ages 8-14.

In partnership with the American Society of Travel Agents
(ASTA), Smithsonian awarded the eighth annual ASTA/
Smithsonian Magazine Environmental Award to Sustrans’ Sea
to Sea Cycle Route for the development of a cycling/hiking
route in northern England, and to Monique Rodriquez and
George Strand, Cortez Travel and Expeditions, for pioneering
responsible environmental tourism practices in Madagascar.
The award recognizes outstanding achievements and contribu-

tions by individuals, corporations and countries toward fur-
thering the goals of environmental conservation.

The Smithsonian Associates

Mara Mayor, Director

The Smithsonian Associates (TSA) reached out in 1998 to
Smithsonian members and the general public, offering a
broad array of educational and cultural programs crafted to
highlight and complement the work of the Institution.

Resident Associate Program

TSA’s Resident Associate Program provided audiences in the
greater Washington area with a “Campus on the Mall” that is
truly unlike any other campus in the world. Participants
selected from a dazzling array of courses and seminars that fea-
cured the world’s leading scholars and experts. The “Distin-
guished Women” series featured Dr. Bernadine Healy, the
first woman director of the National Institutes of Health, and
Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, the first woman appointed to
the U.S. Supreme Court. “The Outsider in Shakespeare” spot-
lighted actor Patrick Stewart, Shakespeare Theatre artistic
director Michael Kahn, and designer Ming Cho Lee ina
course devoted to two of the Bard’s masterpieces, The Tempest
and Othello. “Timeless Tuscany,” cosponsored with the
Embassy of Italy and the Italian Cultural Institute, gathered
together leading experts who traced Tuscany’s rich artistic and
cultural heritage. In a continuing cosponsorship with the
National Science Foundation, “Polar Connections: The Arctic
and the Antarctic” assembled distinguished scientists to dis-
cuss the isolated polar regions and their tremendous influence
on the rest of the globe.

TSA continued to collaborate with Smithsonian museums
on cultural and educational programs. In January, TSA
saluted the opening of the National Gem Hall when National
Museum of Natural History (NMNH) curator Jeffrey Post
spoke to a sellout audience about the spectacular, expanded
Janet Annenberg Hooker Hall of Geology, Gems, and
Minerals, after which participants were treated to a tour of the
hall. In “A Farewell Tribute to the Star-Spangled Banner,”
TSA offered a patriotic salute in the Flag Hall of the National
Museum of American History (NMAH) to mark the renova-
tion of our treasured national icon.

Music again played an important part in TSA's Resident
Associate programming. In collaboration with NMAH's
Program in African American Culture and its exhibition
“Wade in the Water,” TSA presented a concert and master
classes taught by extraordinary teachers of three sacred music
genres: gospel hymns, congregational spirituals and hymns,
and concert spirituals. TSA also produced its annual series of
chamber concerts by the Emerson String Quartet, the 20th

87

Century Consort, and the Smithsonian Chamber Music
Society, whose performances continue to set standards for
great musical performance.

TSA continued its “Radio Theatre—Live!” series with three
new productions: The Heiress, based on Henry James’
Washington Square; Arthur Miller's A// My Sons; and Working,
the musical based on Studs Terkel’s best-selling book. The
series, produced by the L.A. Theatre Works and presented
by TSA in conjunction with the Voice of America (VOA),
treats audiences to unique performances and a behind-the-
scenes look at radio drama in production. These world-
class productions are recorded for subsequent broadcast on
public radio throughout the United States and abroad on
VOA.

TSA presented a wide-ranging array of programs featuring
individuals who are leaders in the arts, humanities, and
science. Among these were world-renowned cellist Yo-Yo Ma,
who discussed the creative process and played a short musical
excerpt by Bach to the delight of the audience. Journalist Tad
Szulc presented a lecture on composer Fryderyk Chopin, after
which celebrated pianist Eugene Istomin performed several
Chopin masterpieces. In another unforgettable evening, screen
legend Fay Wray spoke of her life as an actress during a spe-
cial presentation of the original, full-length adventure classic
King Kong. The Honorable Newt Gingrich, Speaker of the
U.S. House of Representatives, joined historian Paul Johnson
in a unique dialogue on the history of America. Nadine
Gordimer, 1991 Nobel laureate in literature, was featured in
an interview in which she discussed her life as a writer.

TSA awarded rwo James Smithson Bicentennial Medals:
one to John Hope Franklin in recognition of his outstanding
contributions as a historian of American life, and another to
filmmaker George Lucas for his outstanding contributions to
the advancement of the art of motion pictures.

Discovery Theater presented an eclectic array of original
plays and touring productions—on subjects ranging from
apartheid to dinosaurs—to engage and educate children
throughout the Washington area. TSA's summer camps again
proved popular, as more than 600 area children enjoyed such
programs as “Mornings and Afternoons with the Impres-
sionists,” “Dig Those Dinos!,” and “TV Smithsonian: Journey
to Outer Space.” And the 32d Annual Smithsonian Kite Fes-
tival, entitled “Boxes in the Sky,” appealed to children and
kite aficionados of all ages.

TSA's studio arts classes in painting, drawing, photography,
and various handicrafts continued to educate and entertain stu-
dents from the beginner to the proficient. The numerous
photography classes, in particular, proved especially popular,
offering participants the opportunity to enhance their artistry,
as well as to learn darkroom techniques.

TSA upgraded its Web site to include an e-commerce
capabiliry. Resident Associate memberships, program tickets,
and U.S. and Canadian study tours (the catalogs for which
were published for the first time on the Worldwide Web)
could now be ordered online.

88

Smithsonian Study Tours

Forty-two Associates joined with members of the World Wildlife
Fund, the California Academy of Science, the American Museum
of Natural History, and the National Audubon Society aboard
the expedition ship Hanseatic for a voyage to Antarctica and the
Falkland Islands. NMNH curator Jeffrey Post joined experts
from each of the other cosponsoring organizations to provide the
onboard educational program.

Senegal and Mali were featured for the first time on a study
tour designed to highlight the rich history of these two na-
tions. Twenty-seven Associates, accompanied by study leader
John Franklin of the Smithsonian Center for Folklife
Programs and Cultural Studies, visited Dakar, Goree Island,
and legendary Timbuktu.

TSA inaugurated the first in a series of American Snapshots
study cours during a four-day program on Amelia Island,
Florida. Snapshots feature smaller towns and regions
renowned for their unique heritage. The Amelia Island pro-
gram highlighted the area's well-preserved Victorian architec-
ture. Other Snapshots featured the Amish community in
Holmes County, Ohio, and the maritime heritage of Puget
Sound, Washington.

Local tours lasting one to four days offered a wide and excit-
ing variety of onsite learning experiences in the arts, sciences,
and humanities, on subjects as varied as drama, geology, and
history. Civil War programs are among the finest offered
anywhere and feature outstanding study leaders who bring to
life this important period in American history.

Master's Program in Decorative Arts

The third year of the Master's Program in the History of
Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century American Decorative
Arts saw stronger ties forged with other divisions of the
Smithsonian. Graduate students prepared the public lectures
for “The Jewels of Lalique” exhibition at the International
Gallery. Closer ties were also developed with the Renwick Gal-
lery as classes for the new track in American craft were
planned. A cooperative relationship also was established with
several departments of George Washington University, allow-
ing for exchange of students and a greater range of contextual
classes.

The master's program welcomed its first visiting scholar,
Tessa Murdoch, deputy keeper of furniture and woodwork for
the Victoria and Albert Museum. Students in Dr. Murdoch's
seminar visited the Smithsonian Castle’s furniture collection,
and interest in the Castle's collection was so strong that
several students continued to study it in the spring term and
chose summer internships there.

National Outreach

Smithsonian Institutes for Professionals

TSA formally introduced the Smithsonian Institutes for
Professionals program. Geared to corporate audiences, the in-

stitutes include the Smithsonian Creativity Institute, which
takes participants into Smithsonian collections, laboratories,
and research facilities for customized hands-on workshops
designed to introduce new ways of seeing, thinking, and
understanding; the Smithsonian Signature Institute, which
provides a unique behind-the-scenes look at the Smithson-
ian; and the Smithsonian World Affairs Institute, which
uses Smithsonian connections within the Washington inter-
national community to examine a selected area of the
world.

In April, TSA gave a World Affairs Instirute on Eurasia for
Indiana University as part of an ongoing relationship with
that university. Forty-five participants and spouses were intro-
duced to the region through lectures by notable international
experts including former ambassadors, a senior associate from
the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, president of
the Eurasia Foundation, and State Department officials. Em-
bassies hosting events included Uzbekistan, Taiwan, and
China.

A Creativity Institute for 100 employees from Common-
wealth Equities in Boston occurred in May. Each participant
attended two three-hour hands-on workshops. Workshop
topics included exhibit design, entomology, forensic
anthropology, animal behavior and intelligence, and African
art. This collaborative effort with six Smithsonian depart-
ments engaged participants in activities that challenged them
with real problems faced by designers, scientists, curators, and
researchers.

Smithsonian Voices of Discovery

TSA's successful Smithsonian Voices of Discovery lecture
series continued with presentations in Montgomery, Alabama;
Scottsdale, Arizona; and Boone, North Carolina. Ten scholars
spoke on diverse topics including forensic anthropology, con-
temporary American craft, Smithsonian horticulture, space ex-
ploration, textiles, Native American art, and Latino history.
Fifty-five presentations were made to nearly 6,000 people,
with thousands more reached via electronic media broadcasts.

Smithsonian Scholars in the Schools

The tremendous enthusiasm experienced by Smithsonian
scholars while visiting schools as part of Smithsonian Voices
of Discovery series led to the creation of a new program,
Smithsonian Scholars in the Schools. This program takes
Smithsonian specialists into schools around the country,
where they share their expertise with students at all grade
levels. Each program is tailored to support the individual
school curriculum and includes hands-on classroom
workshops, group presentations, teacher in-service training,
and an evening public presentation for the greater school com-
munity. Additionally, students are given instructions for ac-
cessing additional information on the Smithsonian's Web site.
The Spring Branch Independent School District in Houston
served as pilot facility for the program.

Museum of Me

TSA, working with Educational Field Studies, Inc., launched
a new program, the Museum of Me. Targeted to middle-
school student groups visiting Washington, the two-part pro-
gram introduces them to museums, collecting, museum
careers, and exhibit design. Before their trips, teachers receive
a preview packet that includes a CD-ROM about the Smith-
sonian and a learning guide with suggested activities to com-
plement their museum visit.

Young Benefactors

The Smithsonian Young Benefactors entered its ninth year
this year, continuing its mission of raising unrestricted funds
for the Smithsonian Institution and increasing awareness
among young professionals of the goals and objectives of the
Institution. Among activities this year were a reception at the
“Star Wars” exhibit and screening of the IMAX film Special
Effects at the National Air and Space Museum (NASM), a
“reopening” reception at the newly christened Janet Annen-
berg Hooker Hall of Geology, Gems, and Minerals at NMNH,
and the Ninth Annual Blast-Off Black-Tie Gala at NASM,
which raised more than $100,000.

Affiliated Organizations

The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, the Na-
tional Gallery of Art, and the Woodrow Wilson International
Center for Scholars were established by Congress within the
Smithsonian Institution under their own boards of trustees. The
Institution provides administrative services on contract to Read-
ing Is Fundamental, Inc., an independent organization.

John F. Kennedy Center for the
Performing Arts

James A. Johnson, Chairman
Lawrence J. Wilker, President

The Kennedy Center is America's living memorial to President
John F. Kennedy, as well as the nation’s busiest performing
arts facility, presenting more than 3,200 performances each
year for audiences of over 2 million people. More than 5
million people visit the center each year, and an additional

50 million people nationwide attend Kennedy Center touring
productions or watch television broadcasts from the center.
The Kennedy Center presents the finest in music, theater, and
dance from this nation and abroad; makes the performing arts
available to everyone through its free and discounted perfor-

89

mances; nurtures new works and supports artists through its
producing, commissioning, and training programs; and serves
the nation as a leader in arts education.

Immediately following its successful tour of Europe in
October 1997, the Kennedy Center's National Symphony
Orchestra and Music Director Leonard Slatkin opened the
newly renovated Kennedy Center Concert Hall, praised na-
tionally and internationally for its accessibility and acoustics.
The second season under Slatkin’s leadership was highlighted
by several festivals, including a Russian Festival under the
direction of NSO Conductor Laureate Mstislav Rostropovich
and a Latin-Caribbean Festival. Alabama was the site of the
sixth American Residency, where the orchestra spent 10 days
doing 15 concerts and 150 educational outreach events. The
regular concert schedule concluded with the highest season
sales in 20 years.

African Odyssey continued for a second season with a year-
long celebration of music, dance, and theater of the African
Diaspora and featured the E] Warsha Theatre of Egypt, the
National Theater Guild of Uganda, and the Song and Dance
Company of Mozambique. Nationwide, “Africa Fete,” a
celebration of African music toured 17 cities. Black traditions
in modern dance were presented for the first time in the
United States on Kennedy Center stages with 16 classical works
by African American choreographers thar will culminate in a
television series to celebrate the new millennium.

The Kennedy Center American Dancing series was con-
ceived as a five-year retrospective exploring American modern
dance. In the spring of 1998, the Kennedy Center and the
American Dance Festival announced a new commissioning
project to create new works for modern dance and jazz music,
supported by the Doris Duke Foundation with additional
support from the National Endowment for the Arts.

A highlight of the year was the center's unprecedented
monthlong residency of the Royal Shakespeare Company in
five productions in June. Preserving the American musical
theater tradition is one of the Kennedy Center's most impor-
tant missions. In July, the center explored the extraordinary
work that forms the basis of this essentially American art
form in the Kennedy Center's Words and Music series, a trio
of concert presentations of musicals from America’s theater
past. Faith Prince and Alan Campbell starred in Bells Are Ring-
ing; Dorian Harewood, Stephanie Mills, Larry Storch, and
Reginald Vel Johnson starred in Pur/ie; and James Brennan
and Sally Ann Howes starred in Where's Charley?

The festival “Art of the Srate: Israel at 50,” which featured
three American premieres, included Batsheva Dance Com-
pany, Israel's leading contemporary dance troupe, in a perfor-
mance of Anaphase, and Kibbutz Modern Dance Company,
which shed light on memories of the Holocaust with its Aide
Memoire. Cameri Theater of Tel Aviv was represented by Rina
Yershalmi's Vz Yomer, Va Yelech, a theatrical presentation of the
first five books of the Old Testament. Gesher Theatre's City
was a haunting portrait of Jewish Odessa at the time of the
Russian Revolution. Two of Israel's leading chamber music en-

90

sembles, the Hubermann Quartet, and Jerusalem String Quar-
tet also appeared.

In a continuing effort to make the performing arts available
to everyone, Chairman James A. Johnson and President
Lawrence J. Wilker inaugurated the Millennium Stage on
Capicol Hill, presenting lunch-hour concerts on Tuesdays and
Thursdays throughout the summer; but all year long the cen-
ter continued its free daily 6 p.m. concerts on the Millennium
Stage.

National Gallery of Art

Earl A. Powell Ill, Director

The National Gallery of Art serves the nation by preserving,
collecting, exhibiting, and fostering the understanding of
works of art at the highest possible museum and scholarly
standards.

One of the gallery's most exciting and provocative exhibi-
tion years included celebrations of the birth centennials of two
contemporary artists, sculptor Alexander Calder and Dutch
printmaker M.C. Escher; the first U.S. exhibition of paintings
by Italian Renaissance master Lorenzo Lotto (ca. 1480—
1556/57); the first museum exhibition to examine Edgar
Degas'’s lifelong fascination with the theme of the horse and
racing subjects; an exhibition of works by Edouard Manet,
Claude Monet, and other artists who lived in late-nineteenth-
century Paris in the district surrounding the Gare Saint-
Lazare; the first comprehensive American retrospective in 20
years of the work of Mark Rothko; and a small exhibition in
the Dutch Cabinet Galleries devoted to seventeenth-century
collector's cabinets.

Purchases for the gallery's collections are made possible by
funds donated by private citizens. Several northern European
paintings were acquired this year: a member of the Haarlem
civic guard in full regalia painted by seventeenth-century
portraitist Johannes Cornelisz Verspronck; a Dutch coastal
scene by seventeenth -century marine artist Simon de Vlieger;
and a vibrant fifteenth-century triptych depicting The Raising
of the Cross by an anonymous Nuremberg artist. Other acquisi-
tions included a small open-air landscape by early-nineteenth-
century French artist Lancelot-Théodore Turpin de Crissé; an
impression of Andrea Mantegna’s engraving of The Virgin and
Child; the gallery's first drawing by Han Holbein the
Younger, a design fora piece of jewelry depicting the tempta-
tion of Tantalus; and four rare photographs by twentieth-cen-
tury American artist Charles Sheeler.

The photography collection continued to be enhanced
through gifts and purchases of works by Berenice Abbott,
Eugéne Arget, Ilse Bing, Brassai, Horace Bristol, Harry Cal-
lahan, Roger Fenton, Charles-Victor Hugo, Lotte Jacobi,
André Kertész, Richard Misrach, Humbert de Molard, Aaron

Siskind, Alfred Stieglitz, Abraham Walkowitz, Max Yavno,
and Alexander Zhitomirsky and four masters of nineteenth-
century British photography, Julia Margaret Cameron, Roger
Fenton, David Octavius Hill with Robert Adamson, and Wil-
liam Henry Fox Talbot.

Outstanding among gifts were eight paintings by late-
nineteenth- and early-rwentieth-century artists such as Vin-
cent van Gogh (a self-portrait), Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec,
Georges Braque, Henri Matisse, Raoul Dufy, Albert Marquet,
and Kees van Dongen, bequeathed by Betsey Cushing Whit-
ney; a five-panel screen by Edouard Vuillard showing a
springtime park scene as seen from the artist's window, from
Enid Haupt; 473 contemporary prints given by Kathan
Brown and the Crown Point Press; a Four-sided Pyramid by
contemporary artist Sol LeWitt from Mr. And Mrs. Donald
G. Fisher; an ink drawing by Claude Lorrain of The Judgment
of Paris from Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Victor Thaw; a partial gift
of a Childe Hassam landscape from Mr. and Mrs. Raymond J.
Horowitz; and a partial gift of a trompe-I'oeil painting by John
F. Peto from Jo Ann and Julian Ganz Jr.

The Education Division completed work on gallery guides
that provide commentaries in five languages on most of the
works on view in the West Building. The guides have been
converted to electronic form for availability on the gallery's
Web site, www.nga. gov. Fifty thousand children were given
tours and 1,000 teachers participated in workshops and the
Teacher Institute. Digital images of European paintings that
were made for the National Gallery’s European art videodisc
are also being used for the computerized collections manage-
ment system and for the Web site. The Department of Adult
Programs offered symposia in conjunction with the special
exhibitions on Lorenzo Lotto, Thomas Moran, Edgar Degas,
Mark Rothko, and Manet and Monet and the Gare Saint-Lazare.

Reading Is Fundamental, Inc.

Lynda Johnson Robb, Chairman
William E. Trueheart, President and CEO

Reading Is Fundamental, Inc. (RIF) is the nation’s leading
literacy organization for young people. In 1998, the volunteer
services of 240,000 local citizens brought books and reading
motivation activities to some 3.5 million young people, from
infancy to age 18, at more than 17,000 sites in all 50 states, the
District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and
Guam.

RIF reaches young people in all kinds of settings—schools,
libraries, day-care centers, Head Srart and Even Start Centers,
migrant worker camps, housing developments, Boys and
Girls Clubs, schools for children with disabilities, hospitals,
and clinics. RIF also provides books and reading activities for
young people from dozens of Native American tribes, includ-

ing Native Alaskan and Pacific Island children living in
Guam and Hawaii.

Over the past year, RIF board and staff members developed
a strategic plan to continue services to 3.5 million children
while adding at least 700,000 high-risk children to its rolls
over the next three years. The plan calls for increased emphasis on
early intervention programs, program leader and volunteer train-
ing, development of intensified motivational methods, and col-
laboration with selected national organizations.

In 1998, RIF continued to expand its program for children
from infancy to age five. By midyear, one in every five children
served was a preschooler. Partners in this growth included the
National Head Start Association and civic groups such as
Kiwanis International. RIF’s work with preschoolers has also
received impetus from recent research by neuroscientists
demonstrating that reading and talking to a child reinforces
complex connections in nerve cells and stimulates brain
development. The growing interest of pediatricians and nurse
practitioners in early literacy development has resulted in the
establishment of RIF programs for preschoolers at hospitals,
community health centers, and pediatric clinics.

The spotlight was on RIF’s 240,000 volunteers last spring
when RIF announced the Volunteer of the Year Award to
honor the lifetime dedication to literacy of RIF Chair Emerita
Anne Richardson. The winner was Alison Cruise of Lansing,
Michigan, a RIF volunteer for 22 years who has played a key
role in making Lansing RIF one of the largest programs in the
country, serving 14,000 young people at 39 schools.

In January, RIF President and CEO William Trueheart
launched an initiative that will bring the award-winning Run-
ning Start program to every first-grader in Delaware, as well
as to preschoolers in Head Start, Even Start, and Parents As
Teachers settings that serve disadvantaged children. Delaware
businesses and the Delaware State Department of Education
have banded together to support this statewide initiative,
which will serve 80,000 first-graders and preschoolers by 2001.

As children across the country were celebrating Reading Is
Fun Week in April, an awards ceremony to honor the RIF Na-
tional Poster Contest winner and the National RIF Reader
was held at the National Sports Gallery in Washington,
D.C.'s MCI Arena. The children who attended the ceremony
were entertained by RIF Ambassador John McDonough, bet-
ter known as Captain Kangaroo, and Snoopy, the popular mas-
cot of the Metropolitan Life Foundation, sponsor of both the
poster contest and the national reading celebration.

On March 2, 1998, in partnership with the National
Education Association's Read Across America campaign,
RIF invited children to celebrate the life and works of Dr.
Seuss (Theodor S. Geisel). In Fort Worth, Texas, RIF Chair-
man Lynda Johnson Robb joined Texas Senator Kay Bailey
Hutchison in reading and then eating green eggs and ham
with children at the J.A. Cavile Branch Boys and Girls
Club.

RIF gained public support for children’s reading through a
new series of public service announcements, produced by the

91

National Basketball Association and aired regularly during
the NBA season, playoffs, and championship game.

Woodrow Wilson International
Center for Scholars

Dean W. Anderson, Acting Director

The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars is a
nonpartisan institute for advanced research in the humanities,
social sciences, and public policy. Created by Congress in 1968
as the nation’s living memorial to Woodrow Wilson, the center is
a meeting ground between the worlds of learning and public
affairs. Ir is the capital's only independent, wide-ranging insti-
tute for advanced study, where vital current issues and their
historical background are explored through research and
dialogue by the center's professional staff and visiting scholars—
to date, more than 1,500 academics, public leaders, and jour-
nalists from around the world.

The center informs the public through open meetings,
publications, and electronic media. Every year, more than 200
meetings at the Wilson Center give the public a chance to ask
questions and explore new ideas with academic and policy ex-
perts. The Wilson Quarterly, a journal of ideas and information,
reaches more than 60,000 subscribers. The award-winning
radio program “Dialogue” is produced in association with
Smithsonian Productions and broadcast nation-wide by the
Armed Forces Radio Network.

In August 1998, the center moved from the Smithsonian
Castle to its distinctive new home in the Ronald Reagan
Building and International Trade Center at One Woodrow
Wilson Plaza. Designed by James Ingo Freed of Pei Cobb
Freed & Partners, the building fulfills the congressional man-
date of a presence for che center on Pennsylvania Avenue. A
memorial space on the ground floor is marked by passages
from Wilson's speeches and writings and a bronze bas relief of

Wilson by sculptor Leonard Baskin. Next to the memorial is a
small theater where a film about Wilson’s life, ideas, and
accomplishments runs continuously. The center's ambitious
schedule of lectures, conferences, and symposia will have room
to expand in this new space, which includes a board room,
conference rooms, and the Joseph H. and Claire Flom
Auditorium.

Scholars and staff of the center's Cold War International
History Project are serving as academic consultants to the
CNN television documentary series on the Cold War, which
began airing in September 1998. The center's expanded Cold
War Web site, cwihp.si.edu, provides direct access to previously
classified documents from Soviet and Eastern Bloc archives, as
well as to in-depth information on the issues, events, and in-
dividuals presented in the series. A link from the CNN site
will bring thousands of new electronic visitors.

Wilson Center scholars and staff led numerous briefings for
members of Congress and their staffs on nonproliferation,
Ukraine and the former Soviet Union, drug certification in Latin
America, United Stares—China relations, and other issues.

Edward O. Wilson, renowned scientist and author of two
Pulitzer Prize-winning books, spoke about his latest book,
Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge. He proposes a new phase in
one of Western civilization’s greatest driving concepts: that
the world is orderly and can be explained by a small number
of natural laws. When we have unified enough certain
knowledge across all so-called divisions of human inquiry,
writes Wilson, we will understand who and why we are.
Excerpts from the book, as well as essays by Paul Gross and
Richard Rorty, both of the University of Virginia, were
published in the winter 1998 Wilson Quarterly.

Among the workshops sponsored by the center, the Latin
American Program hosted “Latin America’s Role in the New
International System,” which examined the evolving inter-
national environment and its impact on the strategic options
available to the nations of the region. The workshop convened
experts on international relations from across the hemisphere
with prominent analysts to test a range of strategic scenarios
against the broader perspective of those who do not necessarily
focus on Latin America.

Members of the Smithsonian

Councils, Boards, and

Commissions,

September 30, 1998

Smithsonian Institution
Board of Regents

The Honorable William H. Rehnquist,
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of
the United Srares, Chancellor, ex officio

The Honorable Albert Gore, Jr., Vice
President of the United States, ex
officio

Members of the Senate

The Honorable Thad Cochran, Senator
from Mississippi

The Honorable Bill Frist, Senator from
Tennessee

The Honorable Daniel P. Moynihan,
Senator from New York

Members of the House of
Representatives

The Honorable Sam Johnson,
Representative from Texas

The Honorable Bob Livingston,
Representative from Louisiana

The Honorable Esteban Edward Torres,
Representative from California

Citizen Members

The Honorable Howard H. Baker, Jr.,
Citizen of the District of Columbia

The Honorable Barber B. Conable, Jr.,
Citizen of New York

Ms. Anne d'Harnoncourt, Citizen of
Pennsylvania

Mr. Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Citizen of
Connecticut

Dr. Hanna Holborn Gray, Citizen of
Illinois

Dr. Manuel L. Ibafiez, Citizen of Texas

Dr. Homer A. Neal, Citizen of
Michigan

Mr. Frank A. Shrontz, Citizen of
Washington

Mr. Wesley S. Williams, Jr., Citizen of
the District of Columbia

Senior Officers

I. Michael Heyman, Secretary

Constance Berry Newman, Under
Secretary

J. Dennis O'Connor, Provost

M. John Berry, Director of Government
Relations 2

Thomas D. Blair, Inspector General

Miguel A. Bretos, Counselor for
Community Affairs

Robert V. Hanle, Executive Director for
Development

James M. Hobbins, Executive Assistant
to the Secretary

John E. Huerta, General Counsel

Thomas E. Lovejoy, Counselor for
Biodiversity and Environmental
Affairs

Marc J. Pachter, Counselor for
Electronic Communications and
Special Projects

David J. Umansky, Director of
Communications

L. Carole Wharton, Director of the
Office of Planning, Management,
and Budget

Anacostia Museum Board

Mrs. Helen Allen

Mr. Stanley Anderson

Mr. Glover Bullock

Ms. Irene Carter

Ms. Dianne Dale

Mrs. Marie Dale

Mrs. Iris Harris

Mrs. Concha Johnson

Mrs. Theresa Jones, Chairperson

Mrs. Della Lowery, Recording Secretary

Mr. David Lyons

Dr. Caryl Marsh, Vice Chairperson

Mrs. Cynthia Clark Matthews

Mrs. Alenitha J. Qualls, Corresponding
Secretary

Archives of American Art
Board of Trustees

Mrs. Otto L. Spaeth, Chairman Emeritus
Mrs. Keith S. Wellin, Chairman

Mr. Frank Martucci, President

Mrs. Arthur A. Feder, Vice President
Mrs. Joseph G. Fogg, III, Vice President
Mr. Hugh Halff, Jr., Vice President
Mrs. Richard Roob, Vice President
Mrs. Dana M. Raymond, Secretary

Mr. John R. Robinson, Treasurer

Mrs. Jack S. Blanton

Dr. Charles Blitzer

Ms. Lori Blount Cucchiaro

Mr. Gerald E. Buck

Mr. Willard G. Clark

Mrs. Francis de Marneffe

Mr. and Mrs. Donald J. Douglass

Ms. Barbara G. Fleischman

Ms. Elizabeth Marsteller Gordon

93

Mr. Raymond J. Horowitz
Mrs. Bruce Karatz

Mrs. Dwight M. Kendall
Mr. Werner H. Kramarsky
Ms. Hilva Landsman

Mr. Richard A. Manoogian
Dr. Samuel Miller

Mrs. John Murchison

Mrs. Meyer P. Potamkin
Mr. Jock Reynolds

Mrs. Stephen Rubin

Mrs. Christopher Stack
Mr. A. Alfred Taubman
Lady Judith O. Thomson

Trustee Council

The Honorable Max N. Berry
Mr. Gilbert S. Edelson

Mrs. Daniel Fraad

Mr. John K. Howat

Dr. Helen I. Jessup

Mr. Alan D. Levy

Mrs. Abbott K. Schlain

Mr. Alan E. Schwartz

Honorary Trustees

Dr. Irving F. Burton
Mr. Richard J. Schwartz

Ex Officio Members

Mr. I. Michael Heyman
Mr. J. Dennis O'Connor
Mr. William C. Agee

Cooper-Hewitt National
Design Museum Board of
Trustees

Mr. Harvey M. Krueger, Chairman
Mr. Arthur Ross, Vice Chairman
Mrs. Kathleen Allaire

Mr. Jorge L. Batista

Ms. Agnes Cowles Bourne

Mr. Donald Bruackmann

Mrs. Anne Ehrenkranz

Mrs. Joanne Foster

Mr. George J. Gillespie, III

Ms. Elaine La Roche

Mrs. Barbara Levin

Mrs. Nancy A. Marks

94

Mr. Richard Meier

Mr. Kenneth B. Miller
Mrs. Enid W. Morse

Mr. William P. Rayner

Mr. Harry G. Robinson, II
Mr. Richard M. Smith
Prof. Sue Jane Smock

Mr. Edward A. Weinstein

Honorary Members

Mrs. Joan K. Davidson
Mr. Harmon H. Goldstone

Ex Officio Members

Mr. I. Michael Heyman
Mr. J. Dennis O’Connor

Council of Administrative

and Service Directors

Mrs. Lori H. Aceto

Mr. Sudeep Anand

Ms. Francine C. Berkowitz
Mr. F. William Billingsley
Mr. Joseph Carper

Ms. Mary Leslie Casson
Mr. John Cobert

Mrs. Laudine L. Creighton
Mr. Lee Denny

Ms. Ardelle G. Foss

Mr. Mike Headley

Dr. Edie Hedlin

Mrs. Chandra P. Heilman
Mr. John E. Huerta

Mr. Rick R. Johnson

Ms. Nikki Krakora

Ms. Era Marshall

Ms. Anna B. Martin

Mrs. Marie A. Mattson
Mr. Patrick Miller

Mr. David F. Morrell

Mr. Richard H. Rice

Dr. Michael H. Robinson
Dr. Ira Rubinoff

Ms. Cora Shores

Dr. Barbara J. Smith

Mr. Michael Sofield

Mrs. Mary Augusta Thomas
Ms. Aileen F. Wakefield
Mr. James H. Wallace, Jr.
Dr. L. Carole Wharton

Council of Bureau
Directors

Dr. Milo Cleveland Beach
Dr. Elizabeth Broun

Dr. Spencer R. Crew

Mr. James T. Demetrion
Vice Admiral Donald D. Engen
Dr. Alan Fern

Mrs. Patricia L. Fiske

Mr. Robert Fri

Mr. Steven Newsome

Ms. Dianne H. Pilgrim

Dr. Michael H. Robinson
Dr. Ira Rubinoff

Dr. Irwin I. Shapiro

Dr. Roslyn Walker

Dr. Richard J. Wattenmaker
Mr. W. Richard West, Jr.

Council of Information
and Education Directors

Ms. Anna R. Cohn, Chair
Ms. Ann P. Bay

Ms. Nancy J. Bechtol
Ms. Francine C. Berkowitz
Mr. Joseph Carper

Dr. Zahava D. Doering
Ms. Anne R. Gossett

Dr. Nancy E. Gwinn

Mr. Mike Headley

Dr. Ethel Hedlin

Mr. Paul B. Johnson

Dr. Richard Kurin

Dr. Douglas M. Lapp
Ms. Janice Majewski

Dr. Mara Mayor

Ms. Mary Grace Potter
Mr. David J. Umansky
Dr. Lambertus Van Zelst
Mr. Ronald Walker

Mr. James H. Wallace, Jr.

Folklife Advisory
Council

Dr. Roger Abrahams
Dr. Jacinto Arias

Dr. Jane Beck

Dr. Pat Jasper

Dr. Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett
Dr. Bernice Johnson Reagon

Dr. John Roberts

Dr. Carol Robertson

Dr. Gilbert Sprauve

Dr. John Kuo Wei Tchen

Dr. Ricardo Trimillos

Dr. Carlos Velez-Ibanez

Folkways Advisory
Board

Mr. Michael Asch
Mr. Don DeVito
Ms. Ella Jenkins
Mr. Jon Kertzer
Mr. John Nixdorf

Freer Gallery of Art
Visiting Committee

Mr. Richard M. Danziger, Chair
Dr. Gursharan Sidhu, Vice Chair
Mrs. Jackson Burke

Mr. Willard G. Clark

Dr. Kurt A. Gitter

Mrs. Richard Helms

Sir Joseph E. Hotung

Mr. Rogerio S. Lam

Mr. and Mrs. Christopher Luce
Mrs. Elizabeth Moynihan

Prof. Martin Powers

Ms. Elizabeth ten Grotenhuis
Miss Shelby White

Hirshhorn Museum and
Sculpture Garden Board of
Trustees

Mr. Robert Lehrman, Chairman
Ms. Camille Oliver-Hoffmann
Ms. Melva Bucksbaum

Mr. Marvin Mordes, M.D.

Ms. Ponchitta Pierce

Mr. Mitchell Rales (from June 1998)
Mr. Robert Rosenblum (through June
1998)

Ex officio Members

Mc. I. Michael Heyman
The Honorable William H. Rehnquist

John F. Kennedy Center
for the Performing Arts
Board of Trustees

Honorary Chairs

Mrs. Hillary Rodham Clinton
Mrs. George H. W. Bush
Mrs. Ronald Reagan

Mrs. Jimmy Carter

Mrs. Gerald R. Ford

Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson

Officers

Mr. James A. Johnson, Chairman

Mr. Kenneth M. Duberstein, Vice
Chairman

Ms. Alma Johnson Powell, Vice
Chairman

Mr. Lawrence J. Wilker, President

The Honorable Jean Kennedy Smith,
Secretary

Ms. Charlotte A. Woolard, Assistant
Secretary

Mr. Paul G. Stern, Treasurer

Mr. Henry M. Strong, Assistant
Treasurer

Mr. William Becker, General Counsel

Members Appointed by the President
of the United States

Mrs. Anita Arnold

Mr. Robert B. Barnett

The Honorable Stuart A. Bernstein
Mrs. Anitamarie Cafritz

Mr. Ronald I. Dozoretz
Mrs. Phyllis C. Draper

Mr. Kenneth M. Duberstein
Mrs. Marjorie M. Fisher
Mr. Craig L. Fuller

Mrs. Mary Galvin

Mr. Lionel Hampton

Ms. Phyllis Middleton Jackson

Mr. James A. Johnson

Ms. Ann Jordan

Mr. Donald M. Koll

The Honorable James A. McClure
Mr. Cappy R. McGarr

The Honorable William F. McSweeny, Jr.
Mr. Frank H. Pearl

Mr. Ronald O. Perelman

Ms. Alma Johnson Powell

Mrs. Casey Ribicoff

Mr. Miles L. Rubin

Ms. Joy A. Silverman

The Honorable Jean Kennedy Smith
Mr. Joshua I. Smith

Mr. Jay Stein

Mr. Jerry Weintraub

Mr. Thomas E. Wheeler

Mr. James D. Wolfensohn

Members Ex Officio Designated by
Act of Congress

The Honorable Donna E. Shalala,
Secretary of Health and Human Services

The Honorable Richard W. Riley,
Secretary of Education

The Honorable Joseph D. Duffey,
Director, U.S. Information Agency

Senator Edward M. Kennedy

Senator Max Baucus

Senator John H. Chafee

Senator Trent Lott

Senator Ted Stevens

Rep. Joseph M. McDade

Rep. Sidney R. Yates

Rep. Bud Shuster

Rep. James L. Oberstar

Rep. Newt Gingrich

Mr. Marion Barry, Mayor, District of
Columbia

Mr. I. Michael Heyman, Secretary,
Smithsonian Institution

Dr. James H. Billington, Librarian of
Congress

Mr. J. Carter Brown, Chairman of the
Commission of Fine Arts

Mr. Robert Stanton, Director, National
Park Service

Founding Chairman

Mr. Roger L. Stevens

Chairman Emeritus

Mr. James D. Wolfensohn

+Deceased

95

Honorary Trustees

Mr. Philip F. Anschutz

Mr. James H. Evans

Mrs. Alma Gildenhorn

The Honorable Melvin R. Laird

Mrs. J. Willard Marriott

The Honorable Leonard L. Silverstein
Mr. Dennis C. Sranfill

Mr. Lew R. Wasserman

National Air and Space
Museum Advisory Board

Mr. Thomas L. Blair

General John R. Dailey

The Honorable Jane Garvey

Vice Admiral Richard D. Herr

Mr. I. Michael Heyman

Mr. Thomas W. Hoog

The Honorable Sam Johnson

Captain David Kunkel, USCG

Lieutenant General Frederick
McCorkle, USMC

Rear Admiral John B. Nathman, USN

General Michael Ryan

Brigadier General John K. Schmitt, USA

Dr. Y.C.L. Susan Wu

National Gallery of Art
Board of Trustees

Mr. Robert F. Erburu
Mr. Julian Ganz, Jr.

Mr. Alexander M. Laughlin
Mrs. Louise W. Mellon
Mr. Robert H. Smith

Ex Officio

The Honorable William H. Rehnquist,
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of
the United States

The Honorable Madeleine K. Albright,
Secretary of State

Mr. I. Michael Heyman, Secretary of the
Smithsonian Institution

The Honorable Robert E. Rubin,
Secretary of the Treasury

96

National Museum of
African Art Commission

Prof. David C. Driskell

Mr. John A. Friede

Mr. Joseph M. Goldenberg

Dr. Joseph E. Harris

Mrs. Frances Humphrey Howard
Mr. Elliot Lawrence

Mr. Brian S. Leyden

The Honorable Frank E. Moss
Mr. Robert H. Nooter

Mrs. Frieda Rosenthal

Prof. Robert Farris Thompson
The Honorable Walter E. Washington

Ex Officio Member

Mr. I. Michael Heyman

National Museum of
American Art Commission

Mr. Ronald D. Abramson
Mr. Norman Bernstein
Mr. Edwin I. Colodny
Mrs. Ann Cousins

Mr. James T. Demetrion
Mr. Barney A. Ebsworth
Mrs. Daniel Fraad

Mrs. Patricia Frost

Mrs. Shelby M. Gans

Mr. Ken Hakuta

Mr. Hugh Halff, Jr.

Mr. Raymond J. Horowitz
Mrs. Linda Lichtenberg Kaplan
Mr. William G. Kerr

Mr. Melvin Lenkin

Mr. Henry Luce, III

Mr. Peter H. Lunder

Mr. Jesus Moroles

Dr. Paul D. Parkman

Mr. Gerald L. Pearson
Mrs. Morris Pynoos

Mr. Frank K. Ribelin

Mr. Richard J. Schwartz
Mr. Ferdinand T. Stent
Mr. Wesley S. Williams, Jr.

Emeritus Members

Mr. Walker Hancock
Mr. R. Crosby Kemper, Jr.
Mrs. Nan Tucker McEvoy

Mr. David S. Purvis
Mr. Charles Sawyer

National Museum of the
American Indian Board of
Trustees

Mr. Manley Alan Begay, Jr.
Mr. James A. Block

Mr. Ellsworth Brown

Mr. George L. Cornell

Mr. Billy L. Cypress

Mr. Vine Deloria, Jr.

Dr. Catherine S. Fowler
Mr. Doug George-Kanentiio
Mr. Dwight Gourneau

Mr. George Gund, III

Mr. I. Michael Heyman
Mr. Peter J. Johnson

Mrs. Loretta Kaufman

Mr. Albert Kookesh

Ms. Henrietta Mann

Ms. Linda Manzanilla

Mr. Gerald R. McMaster
Ms. Joann Sebastian Morris
Mr. Jorge A. Flores Ochoa
Mr. J. Dennis O'Connor
Ms. Nancy Clark Reynolds
Ms. Luci Tapahanso

Mr. Bernard Julian Whitebear
Ms. Phyllis Young

Ms. Ofelia Zepeda

National Museum of
American History Board

Dr. Ivan Selin, Chair

Mr. Todd Axelrod

Dr. Alison R. Bernstein
Mr. Richard L. Carrion

Mr. Peter Claussen

Mr. Lester Colbert, Jr.

The Honorable Thad Cochran
Mr. George M. Ferris, Jr.
Mr. Jerry Florence

Mr. George C. Freeman, Jr.
Prof. Neil Harris

Mr. Robert F Hemphill, Jr.
Ms. Irene Y. Hirano
Thomas W. Langfitt, M.D.
Mrs. Dorothy Lemelson

Mr. James R. Mellor

Mr. Elihu Rose

Seymour I. Schwartz, M.D.
Mr. Marvin D. Williams

National Museum of the
American Indian Board of
Trustees

Mr. Manley Alan Begay, Jr.
Mr. James A. Block

Dr. Ellsworth Brown

Mr. Duane Champagne
Ms. Eloise Cobell

Mr. George L. Cornell

Mr. Billy L. Cypress

Mr. Vine Deloria, Jr.

Mr. Charles M. Diker

Ms. Catherine S. Fowler
Mr. Douglas George

Mr. Dwight Gourneau

Mr. George Gund, IIT
Secretary I. Michael Heyman
Mc. Peter J. Johnson

Mrs. Loretta Kaufman

Ms. Henrietta Mann

Ms. Joann Sebastian Morris
Mr. J. Dennis O’Connor
Mr. Jorge Flores Ochoa
The Honorable Ted Stevens
Ms. Luci Tapahonso

Mr. Bernie Whitebear

Ms. Ofelia Zepeda

National Museum of
Natural History Board

Mr. Kenneth E. Behring

Dr. Isabella C.-M. Cunningham
Dr. David Dilcher

Dr. Thomas Eisner

Dr. William B. Ellis

Mr. Robert Fri

The Honorable William H. Frist
Mr. Edward O. Gaylord

Mr. Arthur Gray, Jr.

Mr. John S. Hendricks

Mr. David M. Hicks

Dr. Stanley O. Ikenberry

Mrs. Jean Lane

Mr. Robert H. Malort

The Honorable James A. McClure
Mr. Jeffery W. Meyer

Dr. Nancy R. Morin

Mr. James R. Patton, Jr.

Mr. Paul Risser

Ms. Desiree G. Rogers

Mr. Alan G. Spoon

Mr. Marshall C. Turner, Jr.
Mr. Milton H. Ward

Mr. Howard H. Williams, II

Emeritus

Mr. S. Dillon Ripley, II

Ex Officio Members

Mr. I. Michael Heyman
Mr. J. Dennis O'Connor

National Portrait Gallery
Commission

The Honorable Anthony C. Beilenson
The Honorable Jeannine Smith Clark, Chair
Prof. Stephen Jay Gould

Ms. Julie Harris

Prof. David Levering Lewis

Prof. R.W.B. Lewis

Ms. Bette Bao Lord

The Honorable Robert B. Morgan

Mr. Roger H. Mudd

Prof. Barbara Novak

Ex Officio Members

Mr. I. Michael Heyman, Secretary,
Smithsonian Institution

Dr. Earl A. Powell III, Director,
National Gallery of Art

The Honorable William H. Rehnquist,
Chief Justice, U.S. Supreme Court

National Postal Museum
Advisory Commission

The Honorable Winton M. Blount
Mrs. Lovida Coleman

Ms. Amina Dickerson

Ms. Meredith Fischer

Dr. Manuel L. Ibanez

Mr. Azeezaly Jaffer

The Honorable John M. McHugh
Mr. Arthur H. Morowitz

Mr. Tim E. Needham

Mr. James E. Pehta

Ms. Elizabeth C. Pope

Mrs. Jeanette Cantrell Rudy

Mr. Edwin M. Schmidt

The Honorable Robert Setrakian
The Honorable Ted Stevens

National Postal Museum
Coordinating Committee

Mr. Richard H. Arvonio
Ms. Kathy Cunningham
Ms. Ardelle Foss

Mr. William Henderson
Mr. Rick R. Johnson
Dr. J. Dennis O'Connor

National Postal Museum
Divector’s Circle

The Honorable Paul Carlin, Chairman
Mr. Maynard H. Benjamin
Mrs. Joan Berkley

Mr. Thomas J. Berry

Mr. Kieran A. Carracher

Mr. Bruce Dobin

Mr. Victor Forman

Mr. James Forsythe

Mr. Coleman Williams Hoyt
Mr. Floyd Ivey

Ms. F. Suzanne Jenniches
Mr. Joe Monastro

Mr. John Murchake

Mr. John O'Dell

Mr. James E. Pehta

Ms. Joyce Reid

Mr. Ernesto J. Rojas

Mr. Thomas Stoneback

Mr. Frederick Wolff, III

Mr. John Zanchi

National Science Resources
Center Advisory Board

Dr. Joseph A. Miller, Jr., Chair
Ms. Ann P. Bay

Ms. DeAnna Banks Beane

Dr. Fred P. Corson

Dr. Goéry Delacéte

Ms. JoAnn DeMaria

Dr. Peter Dow

Dr. Hubert M. Dyasi

Dr. Bernard S. Finn

Dr. Robert M. Fitch

97

Dr. Jerry P. Gollub
Dr. Ana M. Guzman
Dr. Anders Hedberg
Dr. Richard Hinman
Dr. David Jenkins
Ms. Mildred E. Jones
Dr. John W. Layman
Dr. Leon M. Lederman
Ms. Sarah A. Lindsey
Dr. Lynn Margulis
Dr. Ted Maxwell

Dr. Mara Mayor

Dr. John A. Moore
Dr. Carlo Parravano
Dr. Robert W. Ridky
Ms. Ruth O. Selig

Dr. Maxine F Singer
Mr. Robert D. Sullivan
Ms. Nancy Thomas
Dr. Gerald F. Wheeler
Dr. Richard L. White
Dr. Paul H. Williams
Ms. Karen L. Worth

National Zoological Park
Advisory Board

Mr. Peter Andrews

Mr. Robert A. Bartlert

William H. Berman

Dr. David Challinor

The Honorable Jeannine Smith Clark
Mr. George C. Didden, III

Ms. Elizabeth B. “Barrie” Frazier
Ms. Caroline D, Gabel

Mrs. Laura Howell

Mrs. Alberta Allen “Missy” Kelly II
Dr. William Ramsay

Mr. Jeffrey R. Short, Jr.

Mr. Henry “Hank” Strong

Mrs. Carole A. Valentine

Mrs. Beatrix von Hoffmann

Honorary Members

Mrs. Joan Donner
Mrs. Ruth S. Holmberg
Mrs. Adrienne Mars

FONZ (Friends of the National
Zoo) Board

Ms. Carole A. Valentine, President

Ms. Susan B. Perry, Second Vice
President

Mr. David Perry, Treasurer

Ms. Francisca B. Holland, Secretary

98

Ms. Jeanne Beekhuis
Ms. Patricia A. Bradley
Ms. Miriam V. Carmack
Mr. Paul B. Green

Ms. Michele V. Hagans
Mr. Mark Handwerger
Ms. Betty Ann Kane
Ms. Lori Kaplan

Ms. Alberta Allen “Missy” Kelly
Ms. Gloria Kreisman
Mr. Harald R. Leuba
Ms. Suzanne Mink

Mr. Michael J. Rider
Mr. Edward A. Sands
Ms. Anne Schultz

Mr. Ross B. Simons

Mr. Robert J. Smith
Mr. M. Lee Sutherland
Mr. Curtis N. Symonds

Smithsonian
Environmental Research
Center Advisory Board
Members

Ms. Helen Delich Bentley
Ms. Susan Hager

Mr. Michael Hayman

Mr. John Hobbie

Mr. Norman Maneta

Ms. Beth Stevens

Mr. Richard P. Thornell
Ms. Kathleen Wagner

Reading Is Fundamental,
Inc., Board of Directors

Ms. Alexandra Armstrong

Ms. Letitia Baldridge

Mr. Jon E. Barfield

Ms. Loretta Barrett

Mr. Leo Beebe

Mr. Christopher Cerf

Mr. Robert W. Coy, Jr.

Mr. James C. Curvey

Mr. Basel Dalloul

Ms. Patricia Diaz Dennis, Esq.
Mr. Lloyd Derrickson, Esq.
Mr. Robert S. Diamond

Ms. Annette M. Felanzi Dwyer
Mr. Lon Greenberg

Mr. Lawrence A. Hough

Ms. Pamela Koprowski

Mrs. Kathryn W. Lumley
Mr. Claude A. Mayberry
Ms. Nell Minow

Mr. Richard J. Pinola
Mrs. Lois D. Rice

Mrs. Anne Richardson
Mrs. Lynda Johnson Robb
Mrs. Jean Head Sisco

Dr. William E. Trueheart
Mr. Arthur White

Smithsonian National
Board

Mrs. Jean Mahoney, Chair

The Honorable Frank A. Weil, Vice Chair

The Honorable Max N. Berry
Mrs. Laura Lee Blanton

Mrs. John M. Bradley

Mr. Stephen F. Brauer

The Honorable Henry E. Catto
Mr. Peter R. Coneway

Mr. Thomas Edward Congdon
Ms. Allison Stacey Cowles

Mr. Frank A. Daniels, Jr.
Baron Eric de Rothschild

Mr. Archie W. Dunham

Dr. Sylvia A. Earle

Mrs. Jane B. Eisner

Mrs. Patricia Frost

Ms. Nely Galan

Mr. Bert A. Getz

Mr. Stephen W. Hambletrt

Mr. Paul Hertelendy

Mr. S. Roger Horchow

Mr. Robert L. James

Mrs. James W. Kinnear

Mrs. Marie L. Knowles

The Honorable Marc E. Leland
Mr. Donald G. Lubin

Mrs. Elizabeth S$. MacMillan
The Honorable John D. Macomber
Ms. Holly Madigan

Mr. Frank N. Magid

Mrs. John F. Mars

Mr. Michael Peter McBride
Mrs. Nan Tucker McEvoy

Mr. Kenneth B. Miller

The Honorable Norman Y. Mineta
Mr. Thomas D. Mullins

Mr. John M. Nelson

Mrs. Lucio A. Noro

Mr. Heinz C. Prechter

Mrs. Charles H. Price, II

Mr. A.R. Tony Sanchez

Mr. David M. Silfen

The Honorable Alan K. Simpson
Ms. Kathy Daubert Smith

Mr. Kenneth L. Smith

Mr. Clemmie Dixon Spangler, Jr.
Mr. Kelso F. Sutton

Mr. Jeffrey N. Watanabe

Mss. Frank A. Weil

Mrs. Nancy Brown Wellin

Mr. Anthony Welters

Mr. Daniel W. Yohannes

Arthur M. Sackler

Gallery Visiting Committee

Mrs. Hart Fessenden, Chair
Mr. George J. Fan, Vice Chair
Mrs. John B. Bunker

Dr. Kurt A. Gitter

Mrs. Richard Helms

Dr. Florence Cawthorne Ladd
Ms. Marie Lam

Mrs. James R. Lilley

Mrs. Jill Hornor Ma

Dr. Kenneth X. Robbins
Mrs. Arthur M. Sackler

Mr. Sichan Siv

Mr. Aboulala Soudavar

Mr. Robert Ching Tang

Mr. Paul F. Walter

Smithsonian
Environmental Research
Center Board of Advisors

The Honorable Helen Delich Bentley
Ms. Suaun Hager

Michael Hayman, M.D.

John Hobbie, Ph.D.

The Honorable Norman Y. Mineta
Beth Stevens, Ph.D.

Prof. Richard P. Thornell

Ms. Karhleen Wagner

Smithsonian Institution
Archives and Special
Collections Council

Mrs. Rachel M. Allen
Mr. Alan L. Bain

Mr. James B. Byers
Mr. Timothy Carr

Ms. Cecilia H. Chin

Ms. Maygene Daniels

Dr. John A. Fleckner

Ms. Christraud Geary

Ms. Marilyn Graskowiak
Dr. Nancy E. Gwinn

Mr. Robert S. Harding
Dr. Edie Hedlin

Ms. Colleen A. Hennessey
Dr. Pamela M. Henson
Mr. John Homiak

Ms. Janet Kennelly

Mr. Paul Kimberly

Ms. Gail Lowe

Ms. Lillian Miller

Ms. Lauranne C. Nash
Ms. Tammy Peters

Mz. C. Jeffrey Place

Dr. Marc Rothenberg

Dr. Barbara J. Smich

Dr. Thomas F. Scapes

Ms. Joan R. Stahl

Mr. William G. Tompkins
Ms. Linda A. Thrift

Mr. James H. Wallace, Jr.
Mrs. Beverly Westermeyer
Ms. Kathleen Williams
Mr. Paul Wood

Mr. Mark A. Wright

Dr. Judith K. Zilczer

Smithsonian Institution
Council

Dr. Robert McC. Adams

Dr. Joyce O. Appleby

Dr. Ellsworth Brown

Dr. George R. Carruthers

Dr. Linda S. Cordell

Dr. Ruth Schwartz Cowan
Mrs. Diane Frankel

Mr. David R. Gergen

Mrs. Kinshasha Holman Conwill
Dr. Daniel H. Janzen

Dr. Michael Kammen

Ms. Akemi Kikurma Yano
Prof. J. Jorge Klor de Alva
Mr. John Wilbur McCarter, Jr.
Ms. Cheryl McClenney-Brooker
Dr. Clifton Arthur Poodry
Mr. Richard J. Powell

Ms. Mimi Quintanilla

Dr. Lauren B. Resnick

Dr. Jeremy A. Sabloff

Mr. Igor I. Sikorsky, Jr.

Ms. Beryl B. Simpson

Dr. Elizabeth S. Vrba
Dr. John Walsh

Smithsonian Institution
Libraries Users Advisory
Committee

Dr. Gail S. Davidson

Ms. Paula T. DePriest

Ms. Patricia Gossel

Dr. Nancy E. Gwinn

Mr. Von D. Hardesty

Ms. Elaine L. Johnston

Dr. Thomas E. Lowderbaugh
Dr. Nancy L. Matthews

Dr. Sorena S. Sorensen

Mr. Melvin J. Wachowiak, Jr.

Smithsonian Washington
Council

Mr. R. Robert Linowes, Chairman
Ms. Jin-Hyun Weatherly Ahn
Mr. Oliver T. Carr

The Honorable Elaine L. Chao
Mr. Emilio A. Fernandez

Mr. Donald Edward Graham
Mr. J. Roderick Heller, II
Mrs. Kathleen Mullins Hough
Mr. Mario M. Morino

Mrs. Irene Pollin

Mr. John R. Risher, Jr.

Mrs. Vicki Sant

Mr. Ladislaus von Hoffman

Woodrow Wilson
International Center for
Scholars Board of Trustees

The Honorable Madeline K. Albright
The Honorable James A. Baker, III
Mr. Steven Alan Bennett, Esq.

Mr. Samuel R. Berger

Dr. James H. Billington

Joseph A. Cari, Jr., Esq.

The Honorable Joseph D. Duffey
Mr. William R. Ferris

Mr. Joseph H. Flom, Esq.

Ms. Jean L. Hennessey

Mr. I. Michael Heyman

Mr. Eli S. Jacobs

99

Mr. Paul Hae Park

The Honorable Richard W. Riley
The Honorable S. Dillon Ripley, I
The Honorable Donna E. Shalala

Smithsonian Women’s
Committee

Mrs. Donald W. Jeffries, Chairman

Mrs. James M. Beggs, Vice Chairman

Mrs. J. Edward Day, Co-Secretary

Mrs. Margaret Camp, Co-Secretary

Ms. Cissel Gott Collins, Treasurer

Ms. Allison Butler Herrick, Assistant
Treasurer

Mrs. Martin Atlas

Mrs. Marilyn Barrett

Mrs. Christine Blazina

Mrs. Annelise Brand

Mrs. I. Townsend Burden, III

Mrs. Margaret Bush

Mrs. Doniphan Carter

Mrs. Frank B. Clay

Mrs. Lloyd E. Clayton

Mrs. Richard Cobb

Mrs. Cissel Gort Collins

Mrs. Margaret Collins

Mrs. Willis D. Crittenberger, Jr.

Mrs. Fritz Daguillard

Mrs. Helen Davison

Mrs. J. Edward Day

Mrs. Jill Fri

Mrs. Mary Goldberg

Mrs. William F. Gorog

Mrs. Karl G. Harr, Jr.

Mrs. Henry L. Heymann

Mrs. Stanford R. Hicks

Mrs. George H. Hughey

Mrs. Walter Innis

Mrs. Ronald Ivey

Mss. Joanne Johnson

Mrs. Betty Kadick

Mrs. Pamela Kloman

Mrs. Sherley Koteen

Mrs. Carol Kuehl

Mrs. Jane Kuuskraa

Ms. Patricia Larkin

Mrs. Bruce K. MacLaury

100

Mrs. William S. Mailliard
Mrs. Alexander M. Maish
Mrs. Martha Martin

Mrs. Arthur K. Mason
Mrs. Joan Lambert McPhee
Mrs. Ruth Metcalf

Mrs. Sarah Milam

Mrs. Louise C. Millikan
Mrs. J. Suzanne Moore
Mrs. Horace White Peters
Mrs. Charles L. Poor

Mrs. C. Michael Price
Mrs. Thomas Malcolm Price
Ms. Judy Lynn Prince
Mrs. James G. Randolph
Mrs. Karen Rockwood
Mrs. William C. Rountree
Mrs. Arden Ruttenberg
Mrs. John A. Sargent

Mrs. Alice Sessions

Mrs. Joy Vige

Mrs. Sally Walker

Mrs. Wendy Wall

Mrs. James Bud Ward
Mrs. Charles Swan Weber
Mrs. John R. Webster
Mrs. Jerome Weiss

Mrs. Philip C. White

Smithsonian Internship
Council

Ms. Pablita T. Abeyta
Mrs. Lori H. Aceto
Ms. Frederica Adelman
Ms. Victoria Avera

Ms. Lisa Bennett

Ms. Ann M. Bissell
Ms. Teresia Bush

Ms. Faya Causey

Ms. Anita Chapa

Ms. Montrose R. Cones
Ms. Deirdre Cross

Ms. Georgina de Alba
Ms. Kimberly L. Dow
Ms. Betty Epps

Mr. Brian Fair

Ms. Paula Fletemeyer

Ms. Ann R. Garvey

Ms. Jill Greenstein

Ms. Marcia Gregory

Ms. Joanie Heavey

Mrs. Judith H. Houston
Ms. Pamela Elizabeth Hudson
Ms. Veronika O. Jenke
Ms. Jean Kalata

Mr. Peter Kibbee

Mr. Bruce R. Kirby

Ms. Elizabeth Kirwin
Mrs. Sharon F. Leathery
Ms. Jane LeGrow

Ms. Cassandra Lewis
Ms. Nancy Lewis

Ms. Sherri Manning
Ms. Cathy Maree

Ms. Elena Mayberry

Ms. Lisa Mazzola

Mr. Richard Moll

Ms. Dana Moreland

Mr. Bruce Morrison

Ms. Lauranne C. Nash
Ms. Rachel Orgeron

Ms. Karen Oriji

Ms. Gloria Player

Ms. Amy Putnam

Ms. Arlene Reiniger

Dr. Marc Rothenberg
Ms. Niki Sandoval

Ms. Mary Sangrey

Mrs. Magdalene C. Schremp
Ms. Heidi L.R. Schwartz
Mr. Raymond Seefeldt
Mr. Robert Shallcross
Ms. Karen B. Smith

Ms. Myrna Banks Smith
Mr. Tim Smith

Ms. Annie Teamer

Mr. William G. Tompkins
Ms. Esther Washington
Ms. Jennifer Wheeler
Ms. Allison Wickens
Ms. Sabina Wiedenhoeft
Ms. Andrea Williams
Mr. Donald C. Williams
Ms. Frances Yeh

Ms. Alex Yi

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Academic, Research
Training, and Internship
Appointments and
Research Associates in
Fiscal Year 1998

The first section lists recipients of fellowships and
other appointments awarded to scholars and advanced
students under the auspices of the Office of Fellowships
and Grants. Students and museum professionals who
held museum internships or participated in special
projects administered by the Center for Museum
Services are listed in the second section. The third
section contains a listing of Smithsonian Research
Associates.

Academic and Research
Training Appointments

The Smithsonian offers, through the Office of Fellow-
ships and Grants, research and study appointments to
visiting scientists, scholars, and students. The appoin-
tees are provided access to the Institution’s facilities,
staff specialties, and reference resources. The persons—
listed by unit or office—in this Appendix began their
residencies between October 1, 1997, and September 30,
1998, and have been in residence for three months or
longer. Predoctoral and Postdoctoral Fellows, Visiting
Scientists or Scholars, and other awardees and par-
ticipants in special programs are so listed. Listed for
each Fellow or Visitor is the institution where each
received, or expects to receive, a degree or the home
university or institution; a brief description of the project

102

undertaken at the Smithsonian; che Smithsonian advisor;
and dates of residency.

Anacostia Museum/Center for African
American History and Culture

Audrey L. Brown, Predoctoral Fellow, American University.
“African American Women’s Participation in Cultural
Politics and Transformative Social Action,” with Gail Lowe
from June 1, 1998 to November 30, 1998.

Ginetta E.B. Candelario, Predoctoral Fellow in Latino Studies,
City University of New York. “Dominicans at the Anacos-
tia: ‘Who's Passing Who?’,” with Portia James from July 1,
1998 to September 30, 1998.

Claudia Hernandez, Fellow in Museum Practice, Hunter Col-
lege. “Education Outreach to Minority High School Youth
Audiences through Museum-School Based Programming,”
with Sharon Reinckens and Nancy Fuller from November
1, 1997 to September 30, 1998.

Center for Folklife Programs and
Cultural Studies

Karl H. Miller, Predoctoral Fellow, New York University.
“Playing Changes in the Southern City: The Creation of
Blues, Country, and the American Folk,” with Anthony
Seeger from June o1, 1998 to August 31, 1999.

Nilda C. Villalra, Predoctoral Fellow in Latino Studies,
University of Maryland. “Testimonies, War and Survival:
Representation and Creation in El Salvador and in the U.S.
by Exiled Salvadorans,” with Olivia Cadaval from Septem-
ber 1, 1998 to May 31, 1999.

Conservation Analytical Laboratory

Elizabeth Robertson, Postgraduate Fellow, Queen’s Univer-
sity. “Postgraduate Fellowship in Archaeological Conserva-
tion,” with Donald Williams from October 1, 1997 to
September 30, 1998.

Su-Fen Yen, Visiting Scholar, National Taiwan University.
“Preservation of Museum Collections,” with Donald Wil-
liams from December 1, 1997 to June 10, 1998.

Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum

Laure Hug, Peter Krueger-Christie’s Fellow, University of
Paris IV Sorbonne, France. “Jean-Baptiste Huet’s Graphic
Work Related to the Decorative Arts,” with Gillian Moss
from September Is, 1998 to May 31, 1999.

Cynthia Van Allen Schaffner, Graduate Student Fellow, Cooper-
Hewitt, Nat’! Design Museum/Parsons School of Design.
“The Artful Finisher: Painters’, Stainers’ and Varnishers’
Manuals and Their Influences on Nineteenth-Century
American Furniture,” with Stephen Van Dyk and Maria Ann
Conelli from August 17, 1998 to October 23, 1998.

Freer Gallery of Art/
Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

Oya A. Pancaroglu, Predoctoral Fellowship, Harvard Univer-
sity. “The Content and Context of Figural Imagery in the
Arts of the Seljug Period (1100-1300),” with Massumeh
Farhad from November 1, 1997 to October 31, 1998.

Morgan J. Pitelka, Predoctoral Fellowship, Princeton Univer-
sity. “Unearthing History: Raku Ceramics, Cultural
Production, and Coveted Objects in Medieval and Early
Modern Japan,” with Louise Allison Cort from March 1,
1998 to July 31, 1998.

National Air and Space Museum

Mary C. Bourke, Postdoctoral Fellowship, Australian National
University. “Satellite Image Analysis of Catastrophic
Floods on Earth,” with James Zimbelman and Robert Crad-
dock from May 1, 1998 to April 30, 1999.

William F. Chana, Verville Fellow, San Diego Aerospace
Museum. “Roger! Over and Out... An Autobiography,”
with Donald Lopez and Richard Leyes from April 1, 1998 to
September 30, 1998.

Anne F. Collins, Predoctoral Fellow, University of Texas, Aus-
tin. “The Relationship of Art to Science and Technology in
the United States after Sputnik, 1957-1971,” with
Dominick Pisano and Jacquelyn Days Serwer from June 15,
1998 to September 14, 1998.

Anne F. Collins, Guggenheim Fellow, University of Texas,
Austin. “The Relationship of Art to Science and Technology
in the United States after Sputnik, 1957-1971,” with
Dominick Pisano and Jacquelyn Days Serwer from Septem-
ber 15, 1998 to June 14, 1999.

Howard E. McCurdy, Charles A. Lindbergh Chair in
Aerospace History, American University. “Better, Faster,
Cheaper,” with Robert Smith and Thomas Crouch from
September 1, 1998 to May 31, 1999.

Marshall L. Michel III, Verville Fellow, New Orleans, La.
“The Eleven Days of Christmas: B-52 Operations over
North Vietnam During December 1972,” with Peter Jakab
from August I5, 1998 to August 14, 1999.

David H. Onkst, Predoctoral Fellow, American University.
“The Triumph and Decline of the ‘Squares’: Grumman
Aerospace Workers and the Promise of the U.S. Space Pro-
gram, 1957-1973,” with Michael Neufeld from August 15,
1998 to August 14, 1999.

Norman Polmar, Ramsey Fellow, Alexandria, Va. “Aircraft
Carriers,” with Thomas Crouch from October 1, 1997 to
September 30, 1998.

National Museum of African Art

Amanda B. Carlson, Predoctoral Fellow, Indiana University,
Bloomington. “Nsibidi: The Art of Constructing Social
Identities: The Art of the Ejagham,” with Roslyn Walker
and Christraud Geary from July 1, 1998 co June 30, 1999.

Aboubakar Sidiki Sanogo, Visiting Scholar, University of
Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. “The State of African Cinema
in the U.S.,” with Veronika Jenke from April 20, 1998 to
December 31, 1998.

National Museum of American Art

Elissa A. Authur, Renwick Fellow, University of Maryland.
“Material that Makes a Difference: Fiber in Art and the
Cultural Hierarchy of Art and Craft in the 1960s and
1970s,” with Jeremy Adamson from September 1, 1998 to
August 31, 1999.

Anna M. Fariello, Renwick Fellow, Radford University. “The
Appalachian Craft Revival: Production and Distribution
Model for American Craft,” with Jeremy Adamson from
September 1, 1998 to February 28, 1999.

Emily J. Halligan, Predoctoral Fellow, University of
Delaware. “Art Criticism in America before “The Crayon’:
Perceptions of Landscape Painting, 1825-1855,” with
William Truettner and Katherine Manthorne from Septem-
ber 1, 1998 to August 31, 1999.

David B. Raskin, Predoctoral Fellow, University of Texas,
Austin. “Donald Judd’s Skepticism,” with George Gurney
and Stephen Polcari from June 1, 1998 to August 31, 1998.

Kristin A. Schwain, Predoctoral Fellow, Stanford University.
“Embodying the Spirit: American Art and Modern Piety,
1890-1917,” with William Truettner from September 1,
1998 to August 31, 1999.

Kathleen M. Spies, Predoctoral Fellow, Indiana University,
Bloomington. “Burlesque Queens and Circus Divas: Im-
ages of the Female Grotesque in American Realist Art,

1900-1940,” with Virginia Mecklenburg and Katherine
Manthorne from September 1, 1998 to August 31, 1999.

Stephanie L. Taylor, Predoctoral Fellow, Boston University.
“Constructing Cornell: Artistic Identity and the Invention
of Joseph Cornell,” with Lynda Roscoe Hartigan from
September 1, 1998 to August 31, 1999.

National Museum of American History

Shannon A. Brown, Predoctoral Fellow, University of Califor-
nia, Santa Cruz. “Conquering Time and Space: The
Electrification of the U.S. Army, 1880-1920,” with Bernard
Finn and Elliot Sivowitch from September 15, 1998 to
January 15, 1999.

David A. Chang, Predoctoral Fellow, University of Wisconsin,
Madison. “Race, Culture, and the Revolution in Land
Ownership in Oklahoma, 1889-1940,” with Pete Daniel
from September 1, 1998 to November 30, 1998.

Sharon L. Corwin, Predoctoral Fellow, University of Califor-
nia, Berkeley. “Studies in Precisionism, Consumerism, and
Machine Age Culture,” with David Haberstich and Peter
Liebhold from August 1, 1998 to November 30, 1998.

John J. Dettloff, Predoctoral Fellow, Princeton University.
“Chemistry and Culture in France, 1750-1800,” with Jon
Eklund from September 15, 1998 to June 14, 1999.

Debbie Ann Doyle, Predoctoral Fellow, American University.
“Gender and the Leisure Industry in Atlantic City and the
Miss America Pageant,” with Ellen Roney Hughes from
June 1, 1998 to August 31, 1998.

Finis E. Dunaway, Predoctoral Fellow, Rutgers University.
“Natural Visions: The Aesthetics of Conservation in
American Culture, 1880-1940,” with Jeffrey Stine from
September 1, 1998 to November 30, 1998.

Kathryn K. Fenn, Predoctoral Fellow, Duke University.
“From Youth Culture to the Counterculture: Intersections
of Gender, Culture and Politics during the 1960s,” with
Charles McGovern from September 1, 1998 to November
30, 1998.

Michele A. Gates Moresi, Predoctoral Fellow, George
Washington University. “Exhibiting Race, Creating Na-
tion: Representations of Black History and Culture art the
Smithsonian Institution, 1895-1996,” with James Horton
and Fath Davis Ruffins from September 1, 1998 to May 31,
1999.

Catherine Gudis, Predoctoral Fellow, Yale University. “The
Road to Consumption: Outdoor Advertising and the
American Cultural Landscape, 1917-1990,” with Charles
McGovern from June 1, 1998 to February 28, 1999.

Matthew Thomas Guterl, Predoctoral Fellow, Rutgers
University. “Investments in Color Prejudice,” with Charles
McGovern from June 1, 1998 to December 31, 1998.

104

Kathryn Henderson, Lemelson Center Senior Fellow, Texas
A&M University. “Straw Bale Building: Reinventing an
Old Technology for a Sustainable Environment,” with
Arthur Molella from June 1, 1998 to June 30, 1999.

Dean Herrin, Lemelson Center Senior Fellow, National Park Ser-
vice. “The Eclectic Engineer: Montgomery C. Meigs,” with
Arthur Molella from December 1, 1997 to October 31, 1998.

Vicki J. Howard, Predoctoral Fellow, University of Texas,
Austin. “The Wedding Industry: Educating Women into
Consumer Society in the Twentieth Century,” with Charles
McGovern and Claudia Brush Kidwell from June 1, 1998 to
August 31, 1998.

David J. Howie, Predoctoral Fellowship, University of Pen-
nsylvania. “Probabilistic Inference in the Physical Sciences
During the 1920s and 1930s,” with Paul Forman from May
1, 1998 to July 31, 1998.

Colin R. Johnson, Graduate Student Fellow, University of
Michigan. “Gender, Sexuality, and the Reformation of the
Landscape in Turn-of-the-Century Rural America,” with
Pete Daniel and Barbara Clark Smith from June 29, 1998 to
September 4, 1998.

Sarah A. Johnson, Predoctoral Fellow, University of Brighton,
U.K. “American Mail-Order Catalogues, Women’s Middle
Class Clothing, and the Context of Consumption, 1860—
1890,” with Shelly Foote and Helena Wright from July 1,
1998 to March 31, 1999.

. Kehaulani Kauanui, Graduate Student Fellowship, Univer-
sity of California, Sancta Cruz. “Historical Narratives of
‘Progression’ in the ‘Undoing’ of the Native Hawaiian: U.S.
Blood Quantum Law, Sovereignty, and Self-Governance,”
with Rayna Green from October 14, 1997 to December 19,
1997.

Phoebe S. Kropp, Predoctoral Fellowship, University of
California, San Diego. “Making Memory in Southern
California: The San Diego Exposition of 1915, Indian Dis-
play, Spanish Imagery, and Other Landmarks of a Fantasy
Past,” with Rayna Green from March 1, 1998 to May 31,
1998.

TJ. Lears, Senior Fellowship, Rutgers University. “Luck and
the American Imagination,” with Charles McGovern and
Barbara Clark Smith from January 1, 1998 to June 30, 1998.

Katina L. Manko, Predoctoral Fellowship, University of
Delaware. “The Tupperware Home-Party System,” with
Charles McGovern and Steven Lubar from January 15, 1998
to July 14, 1998.

Carlos E. Martin, Predoctoral Fellow, Stanford University.
“Constructed Histories: Technology, Work, and Progress in
USS. Building Codes, 1870-1930,” with Steven Lubar and
Stephen Van Dyk from June 1, 1998 to August 31, 1998.

Julia L. Mickenberg, Predoctoral Fellow, University of Min-
nesota. “The Children’s Front: ‘Progressive’ Children’s Cul-
ture and the Unmaking of a Cold-War Consensus,” with
Charles McGovern from June 1, 1998 to August 31, 1998.

David Lindsay Roberts, Postdoctoral Fellow, Johns Hopkins
University. “Old Math, New Marth, and Aftermath: Profes-

a

sional Agendas and Reform Initiatives in American Mathe-
matics Education, 1945-1970,” with Peggy Kidwell from
June 1, 1998 to August 31, 1998.

Clara E. Rodriguez, Senior Fellow in Latino Studies, Fordham
University. “Uncovering the Buried History of Latino
Images in the Media,” with Fath Davis Ruffins from July 1,
1998 to December 31, 1998.

Michael S$. Rodriguez, Graduate Student Fellow, Temple
University. “Race and Party Politics During the New
Deal,” with William Bird from May 18, 1998 to August 21,
1998.

Nicholas §. Sammond, Predoctoral Fellow, University of
California, San Diego. “Study of Advertising and Products
for Children, 1920-1960,” with Charles McGovern from
June 15, 1998 to September 14, 1998.

David H. Serlin, Predoctoral Fellow, New York University.
“Civic Biology: Imagining the American Body Through
Medical Science, 1945-1965,” with Ramanus Kondratas and
Fath Davis Ruffins from September 1, 1998 to February 28,
1999.

Lourdes C. Sifontes Greco, Visiting Scholar, Simon Bolivar
University. “Reshaping Knowledge and Education: Con-
temporary Museums and Media in the Diffusion and
Narrative of History, Science, Art and Technology (from
Interdisciplinary Thought to a Postmodern Material Cul-
ture),” with Steven Lubar from March 1, 1998 to August 31,
1998.

John W. Trourman, Graduate Student Fellow, University of
Texas, Austin. “Race, Gender, and Identity Through the
Representations of American Indians on the Historic Fron-
tier of American Popular Music,” with Rayna Green from
June 1, 1998 to August 7, 1998.

Aristotle Tympas, Visiting Student, Georgia Tech University.
“The History of the Electrical Analyzer,” with Bernard
Finn from November 15, 1997 to August 31, 1998.

Psyche A. Williams, Graduate Student Fellow, University of
Maryland, College Park. “Black-eyed Peas and Sweet
Potatoes: What Is African American about African
American Foodways?,” with Fath Davis Ruffins from June
I, 1998 to August 7, 1998.

National Museum of Natural History

Frank E. Anderson, Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Califor-
nia, Santa Cruz. “A Phylogenetic Analysis of Relationships
Among Spiralian Metazoans Based on Multiple Nuclear
Protein-Coding Loci,” with Jon Norenburg and David
Swofford from August 1, 1998 to July 31, 1999.

Joaquin Arroyo-Cabrales, Visiting Scientist, Texas Tech
University. “Mammals from the State of Narayit, Mexico,”
with Don Wilson from September 15, 1998 to September
14, 1999.

Thomas A. Artiss, Graduate Student Fellow, Clark University.
“Phylogeny, Patterns of Homoplasy and Character Evolu-
tion in Odonates,” with Ted Schultz and Dan Polhemus
from June 1, 1998 to August 7, 1998.

Lynn Atkinson, Postdoctoral Fellowship, University of
Rochester. “A Phylogenetic Study of the Termite Genus
Nasutitermes,” with Ted Schultz from January 1, 1998 to
December 31, 1998.

Rene Luis Bobe, Visiting Scientist, University of Washing-
ton. “Plio-Pleistocene Environments and Community
Evolution in Africa,” with Anna K. Behrensmeyer from
September 1, 1998 to August 31, 1999.

Emilio M. Bruna, Predoctoral Fellowship, University of
California, Davis. “What Is the Effect of Habitat Fragmen-
tation on the Foraging Patterns of Avian Pollinators?” with
W. John Kress from January I5, 1998 to April 14, 1998.

H. David Clarke, Visiting Scientist, University of Illinois,
Urbana-Champaign. “Systematics and Evolution of Tribes
Acacieae and Ingeae (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae),” with
Michael Braun from August 1, 1998 to December 31, 1998.

Helen K. Coxall, Predoctoral Fellow, University of Bristol,
U.K. “The Evolution and Taxonomic Status of Hantken-
inid Foraminifera Morphospecies,” with Brian Huber from
August I, 1998 to November 30, 1998.

Gunther J. Eble, Postdoctoral Fellowship, University of
Chicago. “Morphospace Occupation in the Class
Echinoidea: Comparative Analyses of Disparity After the
End-Permian Mass Extinction,” with Douglas Erwin from
October 1, 1997 to September 30, 1999.

Debra Ellis, Visiting Scientist, University of Maryland.
“Clarification of the Genetic Status of the Reindeer
Lichens, Cladina Nyl. (Lichen-Forming Ascomycotina),”
with Paula DePriest from February 15, 1998 to August 15,
1998.

Peter G. Foster, Postdoctoral Fellowship, University of Or-
tawa. “Use of Non-Stationary Models in Non-
Homogeneous Protein-Based Phylogenetic
Reconstruction,” with David Swofford from October 1,
1997 to September 30, 1999.

Stephen Frost, Visiting Student, City University of New
York. “Cercopithecid Evolution and Climatic Change in
the Afar Depression, Ethiopia,” with Anna K. Be-
hrensmeyer from September 1, 1998 to December 31, 1999.

Leticia del Socorro Gonzalez, Senior Fellow, Instituto
Nacional de Antropologia e Historia. “Walter W. Taylor's
Archaeological Work in Coahuila, Mexico,” with J. Daniel
Rogers from September 15, 1998 to July 14, 1999.

Dennis G. Griffin, Predoctoral Fellowship, University of
Oregon. “Nunivak Island, Alaska: Changes in Cupiit
Lifeways as Documented through an Analysis of the Collins
and Dall Ethnographic/Archaeological Collections, Smith-
sonian Institution,” with Stephen Loring from November
15, 1997 to March 31, 1998.

Yunbin Guan, Visiting Scientist, Washington University.
“Isotopic Studies of the Earliest Solar System: Where and

105

How Did Preplanetary Dust Form?,” with Glenn Mac-
Pherson from June 1, 1998 to May 31, 1999.

Jill L. Heilman, Graduate Student Fellow, Arizona State
University. “Quantification of Musculoskeletal Stress
Markers in an Urban Population,” with Donald Ortner
from June 8, 1998 to August 14, 1998.

Yolanda Herrera Arrieta, Short-Term Visitor. Instituto Politec-
nico Nacional. “Anatomical Study of the Genus Mxhlenber-
gia (Poaceae),” with Paul Peterson from July 1, 1998 to
September 30, 1998.

Roger William Hutchings, Visiting Student, University of
Maryland, College Park. “Curation of the Mimallonidae in
the NMNH Collections,” with Robert Robbins from April
1, 1998 to September 30, 1998.

Kati Karkkainen, Visiting Student, University of Helsinki.
“Synopsis of the Cladoniaceae (Lichen-Forming Ascomy-
cetes),” with Teuvo Ahti and Paula DePriest from September
1, 1998 to August 31, 1999.

Mzalendo Kibunjia, Short-Term Visiting Student, Rutgers
University. “The Archaeology of Lokalalei,” with Richard
Potts from January 1, 1998 to June 30, 1998.

Hyi-Gyung Kim, Postdoctoral Fellowship, University of
Texas. “Phylogenetic Studies of the Guayana Highland
Mutisieae (Asteraceae),” with Vicki Funk and Elizabeth
Anne Zimmer from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 1998.

Heather A. Lapham, Predoctoral Fellow, University of Vir-
ginia. “Evaluating Early-17th-Century Siouan Responses to
an Emerging European Market Economy in the Virginia In-
terior,” with Bruce Smith and Melinda Zeder from Septem-
ber 1, 1998 to August 31, 1999.

Niels Lynnerup, Visiting Scientist, University of Copenhagen.
“Research in Physical Anthropology: Age Determination
and Identification of Human Remains,” with Bruno Froh-
lich from February 1, 1998 to August 31, 1998.

Svetlana Maslakova, Visiting Student, Moscow State University.
“Preliminary Cladisitc Analysis of Pelagic Nemerteans,” with
Jon Norenburg from May 23, 1998 to August 31, 1998.

Lisa G. Materson, Predoctoral Fellowship, University of
California at Los Angeles. “Constructing “Black
Womanhood’: African American Women's Missionary
Work at Home and Abroad, 1880-1920,” with Robert
Leopold from February 15, 1998 to July 14, 1998.

Leslie J. Newman, Postdoctoral Fellowship, The University of
Queensland, Australia. “Biodiversity and Phylogeny of
Polyclad Flarworms (Platyhelminthes) from Western Atlan-
tic and Caribbean Coral Reefs,” with Jon Norenburg from
January 1, 1998 to December 31, 1998.

Michael P. Noll, Predoctoral Fellowship, University of Il-
linois. “Lithic Assemblage Variability During the
Acheulean at Olorgesailie, Kenya,” with Richard Ports
from May 15, 1998 to February 15, 1999.

Alexander Nuerzel, Visiting Scientist, University of Ham-
burg, Germany. “Evolution of Upper Paleozoic Gastro-
pods,” with Douglas Erwin from September 1, 1998 to
August 3I, 1999.

106

Tlona M. Oksanen, Visiting Student, University of Helsinki, Fin-
land. “Synopsis of the Cladoniaceae (Lichen-Forming Ascomy-
cetes),” with Teuvo Ahti and Paula DePriest from September
I, 1998 to August 31, 1999.

Michele D. Piercey-Normore, Visiting Scientist, Memorial
University of Newfoundland, Canada. “Molecular Sys-
tematics of the Cladoniaceae,” with Paula DePriest from
September 1, 1998 to August 31, 1999.

Linda M. Prince, Visiting Scientist, University of North
Carolina, Chapel Hill. “Molecular Systematics of Maran-
taceae and Zingiberaceae,” with W. John Kress from June 1,
1998 to May 31, 1999.

George R. Proctor, Mellon Senior Fellow, Department of
Natural Resources, Puerto Rico. “Revision of the
Monocotyledons of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands,”
with Pedro Acevedo from June 1, 1998 to May 31, 1999.

James R. Rougvie, Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Texas,
Austin, “The Effects of Low-Temperature Potassium
Metasomatism on Volcanic Rocks and Their Metamorphism:
A Comparison of Textures and Geochemistry of Jurassic and
Tertiary Volcanics, Western United States,” with Sorena Soren-
sen from September 15, 1998 to September 14, 1999.

Stephen A. Schellenberg, Predoctoral Fellow, University of
Southern California. “Ecological and Evolutionary
Response of Deep-Ocean Ostracodes to Paleogene Climate
Events: The Late Paleocene Thermal Maximum and Eocene-
Oligocene ‘Greenhouse-Icehouse’ Transition,” with Richard
Benson from June 1, 1998 to August 31, 1998.

Vira Panteleivna Semenenko, Senior Fellowship, National
Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. “The Nature of Graphite-
bearing Fragments in the Krymka Chondrite,” with Glenn
MacPherson and Eugene Jarosewich from October 1, 1997
to December 31, 1997.

Laurel B. Sercombe, Predoctoral Fellow, University of
Washington. “Songs in Coast Salish Myths and Folktales:
An Investigation of the J.P. Harrington Collection and
Other Relevant Holdings in the National Anthropological
Archives,” with Jane Walsh from September 1, 1998 to
November 30, 1998.

Nancy Sikes, Visiting Scientist (Co-Princ. Investigator/SSP),
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. “Early Hominid
Paleoenvironments of the African Rift: Tests of Hypotheses
Using Stable Isotopic Analysis,” with Richard Potts from
October 1, 1997 to September 30, 1999.

Soili Kristina Stenroos, Visiting Scientist, University of Hel-
sinki. “A World Monograph of the Cladoniaceae (Lichen-
Forming Ascomycetes) with Special Emphasis to the
Cladonia Section Unciales,” with Paula DePriest from
April 15, 1998 to November 30, 1998.

Scott Steppan, Visiting Scientist, University of Chicago.
“Molecular Phylogenetics of the Squirrels and Their Rela-
tives,” with Robert Hoffmann from November 1, 1997 to
October 31, 1999.

Youngbae Suh, Visiting Scientist, University of Texas, Austin.
“Phylogenetic Relationships of Basal Angiosperms: Implica-

tions from 26S Ribosomal DNA Sequencing,” with Elizabeth
Zimmer from August 15, 1998 to December 31, 1999.

Mikael Thollesson, Visiting Scientist, Goteborg University.
“Molecular Phylogeny of Nemertea (Ribbon worms),” with
Jon Norenburg from March 1, 1998 to November Is, 1999.

Susan C. Vehik, Senior Fellow, University of Oklahoma.
“Plains Social Inequality,” with J. Daniel Rogers from
September 1, 1998 to May 31, 1999.

Peter D. Wilf, Postdoctoral Fellowship, University of Pennsyl-
vania. “Climatic Patterns of Insect Herbivory in the Fossil
Record,” with Conrad Labandeira from May 1, 1998 to
April 30, 1999.

National Portrait Gallery

Nola Anderson, Fellow in Museum Practice, Sydney Univer-
sity. “The Use of Archival Film and Photography in
Museum Exhibitions,” with Amy Henderson and Nancy
Fuller from March 1, 1998 to December 31, 1998.

Konstantin Dierks, Predoctoral Fellowship, Brown Univer-
sity. “The Iconography of Letter Writing in American
Portraiture, 1750-1800,” with Brandon Brame Fortune and
Ellen Miles from January 1, 1998 to April 30, 1998.

Leslie K. Reinhardt, Predoctoral Fellow, Princeton University.
“The Use of Imaginary Dress in American Eighteenth-
Century Portraiture,” with Ellen Miles from September 15,
1998 to September 14, 1999.

National Zoological Park

Mindy Ann Babitz, Visiting Scientist, University of St.
Andrews, Scotland. “Object Manipulation and Tool Use in
Sulawesi Crested Black Macaques,” with Lisa Stevens from
September 1, 1998 to August 31, 1999.

Dina M. Fonseca, Postdoctoral Fellowship, University of
Pennsylvania. “Avian Malaria in Hawaii: The Effect of Vec-
tor Dispersal on the Evolution of Parasite Pathogenicity in
Endangered Hawaiian Honeycreepers,” with Robert Fleis-
cher and Dan Polhemus from January 1, 1998 to March 31,
1998.

Brian T. Henen, Visiting Scientist, University of California,
Los Angeles. “Reproductive Nutrition of Female Desert
Tortoises (Gapherus agassizii): Isotope Methodology and
Potassium Effects upon Egg Production,” with Olav Of-
tedal from September 1, 1998 to August 31, 1999.

Stephen J. Insley, Postdoctoral Fellowship, University of
California, Davis. “Competition, Cooperation, and the
Evolution of Complex Communication in Northern Fur

Seals,” with Daryl Boness and Robert Fleischer from
January 1, 1998 to March 31, 1998.

Stephen J. Insley, Visiting Scientist, University of California,
Davis. “Competition, Cooperation, and the Evolution of Com-
plex Communication: Adult Male Northern Fur Seals,” with
Daryl Boness from May 1, 1998 to April 30, 1999.

Rachel Moreland, Visiting Student, Clemson University.
“Cryopreservation of Spermatozoa for Enhancing Reproduc-
tion in Rare Felids,” with JoGayle Howard from Septem-
ber 1, 1998 to August 31, 1900.

Trevor Pitcher, Visiting Student, York University, Canada.
“Breeding Synchrony and Extrapair Mating Systems in the
Tropics,” with Eugene Morton from May 1, 1998 to August
31, 1998.

David M. Powell, Predoctoral Fellow, University of Maryland,
College Park. “Modes of Reproductive Competition
Among Female Feral Horses (Equus cabullus),” with Devra
Kleiman from July 1, 1998 to December 31, 1999.

Laura K. Richman, Visiting Scientist, Johns Hopkins Univer-
sity. “Characterization and Epidemiology of a Newly
Recognized Fatal Herpesvirus in Asian and African
Elephants,” with Richard Montali from October 1, 1997 to
September 30, 1999.

Leo Shapiro, Visiting Scientist, State University of New York,
Stony Brook. “Hybridization and the Decline of the Gold-
en-winged Warbler,” with Robert Fleischer from Septem-
ber 1, 1998 to August 31, 1999.

Karen Wolf, Visiting Student, University of Maryland.
“Cryopreservation of Spermatozoa for Enhancing Reproduc-
tion in Rare Felids,” with JoGayle Howard from Septem-
ber 1, 1998 to August 31, 1999.

Smithsonian Institution Archives

Pedro M. Pruna Goodgall, Visiting Scholar, University of
Habana, Cuba. “Relations Between U.S., Cuban and Other
Caribbean Naturalists in the Nineteenth and Twentieth
Centuries,” with Pamela Henson from June 1, 1998 to Oc-
tober 31, 1998.

Patrick H. Wirtz, Predoctoral Fellow, University of Southern
California. “The National Zoological Park: The Evolving
Nineteenth-Century Context,” with Pamela Henson and
Cynthia Field from September 1, 1998 to April 30, 1999.

Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory

Lori Allen, Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Massachusetts.
“Star Formation in Nearby Molecular Clouds,” with Philip
Myers from July 1, 1998 to June 30, 1999.

107

Aldo J. Apponi, Visiting Scientist, Arizona State University.
“Molecular Spectroscopy/Astrophysics,” with Patrick
Thaddeus from July 1, 1998 to September 30, 1998.

Christopher Ball, Visiting Scientist, Ohio State University.
“Carbon-Based Molecules in Interstellar Clouds and
Circumstellar Shells,” with Patrick Thaddeus from
September 1, 1998 to August 31, 1999.

Marco Barbera, Visiting Scientist, University of Palermo,
Italy. “Participation in the Development Program for
Microcalorimeters X-ray Detectors,” with Eric Silver from
October 15, 1997 to September 30, 1998.

Patrick Boyle, Short-Term Visitor, University College,
Dublin, Ireland. “Development of a Raster Search for
Counterparts to Classical Gamma Ray Bursts,” with Trevor
Weekes from September 7, 1998 to January 7, 1999.

Robert J. Buenker, Visiting Scientist, Bergische Universitat.
“Quantum Chemistry,” with Eric Heller from August 1,
1998 to April 30, 1999.

Michael Carson, Visiting Student, University College,
Dublin. “Time-Series Analysis of AGN Light Curves,”
with Trevor Weekes from October 1, 1997 to December 31,
1997.

Hyun-Kyung Chung, Visiting Scientist, University of Wis-
consin, Madison. “Theoretical and Experimental Studies of
Line Broadening in Plasmas for Lighting,” with James
Babb from June 1, 1998 to May 31, 1999.

Doron Cohen, Visiting Scientist, Israel Institute of Technol-
ogy. “Quantum Chaos, Brownian Motion and Localization,”
with Eric Heller from August 1, 1998 to July 31, 1999.

Wesley N. Colley, CfA Postdoctoral Fellow, Princeton Univer-
sity. “Gravitational Lenses and Cosmology,” with John
Huchra from November 1, 1997 to October 31, 1999.

Hagai El-Ad, Predoctoral Fellow, The Hebrew University.
“Study of Voids Using the VOID FINDER Algorithm,”
with Myron Lecar from October 1, 1997 to September 30,
1999.

Brett Esry, Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Colorado. “Few-
Body and Many-Body Systems in Atomic Physics,” with
Eric Heller from November 15, 1997 to November 14, 1999.

Stephen Fegan, Visiting Student, University College Dublin,
Ireland. “VERITAS TeV Gamma Ray Astronomy,” with
Trevor Weekes from September 1, 1998 to August 31, 1999.

Piotr Froelich, Visiting Scientist, Uppsala University, Sweden.
“Exotic Atomic and Molecular Physics,” with Eric Heller
from February 1, 1998 to August 31, 1998.

Jiang-Ping Gu, Visiting Scientist, Wuppertal University, Ger-
many. “Charge-Transfer Processes in Ion-Atom Collisions of
Heavy Atoms of the First and Second Rows with H and He
Ions,” with Eric Heller from September 1, 1998 to Decem-
ber 31, 1998.

Saiyid Sirajul Hasan, Visiting Scientist, University of Oxford.
“Excitation of Oscillations in Solar Flux Tubes,” with
Wolfgang Kalkofen from March 15, 1998 to July 14, 1998.

You Qiu Hu, Visiting Scientist, University of Science and
Technology of China. “The Development of Multifluid

108

Time-Dependent Numerical Codes Pertaining to the Study
of the Solar Wind,” with Shadia Habbal from September
27, 1998 to March 31, 1999.

Adrian Ivan, Predoctoral Fellow, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. “Development of Multilayer Optics for Hard
X-ray Astronomy,” with Suzanne Romaine from September
1, 1998 to August 31, 1999.

Rolf Jansen, Predoctoral Fellow, Kapteyn Astronomical In-
stitute. “Star Formation History of Nearby Field Galaxies,”
with Daniel Fabricant from January 1, 1998 to July 31, 1998.

Per O.J. Jarlemark, Visiting Scientist, Chalmers University of
Technology, Sweden. “Construction of a Multipath Calibra-
tion System for the Global Positioning System,” with
James Davis from February 1, 1998 to July 31, 1999.

Svante Jonsell, Visiting Student, Uppsala University. “Forma-
tion of Meta Stable PPpi Molecules,” with Eric Heller from
January 15, 1998 to July 15, 1998.

Edisher Kaghashvili, Predoctoral Fellow, Georgian Academy
of Sciences. “Dynamical and Compositional Properties of
the Solar Wind,” with Ruth Esser from August 1, 1998 to
July 31, 1999.

Jung-Hoon Kim, Short-Term Visitor, Korea Advanced In-
stitute of Science and Technology. “Classical-Quantum Cor-
respondence,” with Eric Heller from April 13, 1998 to July
13, 1998.

Youngung Lee, Visiting Scientist, University of Mas-
sachusetts. “Analysis of the Bell Laboratories 13CO Survey
of the Galactic Plane,” with Antony Stark from September
1, 1998 to January 15, 1999.

Xing Li, Visiting Scientist, University of Science and Technol-
ogy of China. “Observational Study of the Inner Corona
and Multi-Fluid Solar Wind Modeling,” with Shadia Hab-
bal from August 1, 1998 to July 31, 1999.

Kevin L. Luhman, Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Arizona.
“The Substellar Mass Function,” with Robert Kirshner
from August I5, 1998 to August 14, 1999.

Mikhail Lukin, Postdoctoral Fellow, Texas A&M University.
“Atom-Field Interactions Involving Atomic Coherence and
Interference,” with Eric Heller from August I, 1998 to July
31, 1999.

S. Thomas Megeath, Visiting Scientist, Cornell University. “A
Detailed Study of Molecular Gas and Star Formation,” with
Patrick Thaddeus from October 9, 1997 to September 30,
1998.

Glenn Milne, Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Toronto.
“Numerical Modeling of Crustal Deformation Rate Data
Obtained from the Fennoscandian Region,” with James
Davis from January 10, 1998 to January 9, 1999.

Peter W. Milonni, Short-Term Visitor, Los Alamos National
Laboratory. “Casimir-Type Effects in Rydberg Atoms,” with
Eric Heller from March 15, 1998 to June 15, 1998.

Martin Naraschewski, Visiting Scientist, Universitat
Munchen. “Bose-Einstein Condensates as Sources of
Coherent Atoms,” with Eric Heller from October 15, 1997
to September 30, 1998.

Michael Pahre, Hubble Postdoctoral Fellow, California In-
stitute of Technology. “A Multi-Color Search for Distant
Clusters of Galaxies,” with John Huchra from February 1,
1998 to January 31, 1999.

Jesus Pelaez Alvarez, Visiting Scientist, Polytechnical University
of Madrid, Spain. “Dynamics/Electrodynamics Coupling in
the Bare-Tether System ProSEDS,” with Enrico Lorenzini
from December I5, 1997 to August 31, 1998.

Rosalba Perna, Predoctoral Fellow, Harvard University. “Search-
ing for Gamma-Ray Burst Remnants,” with John
Raymond and Avi Loeb from August 1, 1998 to May 31,
1999.

Raymond Piccoli, Visiting Scholar, Barles Nature Assocation,
France. “The Relationship Between Radio and Optical
Astronomical Techniques,” with Raymond Blundell from
January 1, 1998 to September 30, 1998.

Jorge Sanz, Predoctoral Fellow, Complutense of Madrid,
Spain. “Multiwavelength Spectroscopy of Active Binaries,”
with Andrea Dupree from September 1, 1998 to August 31,
1999.

Francesca Scire-Scappuzzo, Visiting Scientist, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology. “Multipath in High-Accuracy GPS
Positioning for Geodynamic Studies,” with James Davis
from January 20, 1998 to January 19, 1999.

Max Shurgalin, Visiting Scientist, Griffith University,
Australia. “Experimental Studies of Line Broadening in
Plasmas for Lighting,” with Kate Kirby from March 23,
1998 to March 22, 1999.

Rex T. Skodje, Visiting Scientist, University of Colorado.
“Theoretical Studies of Low-Energy Atomic Collisions with
Surfaces,” with Kate Kirby from September 1, 1998 to
February 28, 1999.

Maarten C. Spaans, Hubble Postdoctoral Fellow, University of
Leiden. “The Structure of the Interstellar Medium in the
Milky Way and Distant Galaxies,” with Alexander Dalgar-
no from October 1, 1997 to September 30, 1999.

Vijaya Subramanian, Visiting Student, University of
Colorado. “Characterization of Threshold Effects in
Molecule-Surface Scattering,” with Eric Heller from
September 1, 1998 to December 31, 1998.

Ching-Hua Tseng, Visiting Scientist, Harvard University.
“Applications of Laser-Polarized Noble Gases for Quantum
Information Processing and Material Science,” with Ronald
Walsworth from February 1, 1998 to January 31, 1999.

Alberto Vasquez, Predoctoral Fellow, University of Buenos
Aires. “Coronal Streamers and Slow Wind: UVCS Observa-
tions and Theoretical Modeling,” with John Raymond
from November 1, 1997 to October 31, 1999.

Barbara Whitney, Visiting Scientist, University of Wisconsin,
Madison. “Radiative Transfer Models of Pre-Main Sequence
Images and Spectral Energy Distributions,” with Scott
Kenyon and Kenneth Wood from January 1, 1998 to
August 31, 1998.

Jian-Min Yuan, Short-Term Visitor, Drexel University. “Clas-
sical and Quantum Behavior of Few-Body Atomic and

Molecular Systems,” with Eric Heller from April 15, 1998 to
July 15, 1998.

Bernard Zygelman, Visiting Scientist, University of Nevada,
Las Vegas. “Effective Gauge Potentials in Atomic Systems,”
with Eric Heller from August 1, 1998 to July 31, 1999.

Smithsonian Center for Materials
Research and Education

Angel D. Santiago-Torres, Senior Fellow in Latino Studies,
Museo de Arte de Ponce. “Analysis of Materials and Techni-
ques in Puerto Rican Santos,” with Donald Williams and
Marvette Perez from June 1, 1998 to August 31, 1998.

Smithsonian Environmental
Research Center

Eike Breitbarth, Visiting Student, Northeastern University.
“The Role of Domestic Ballast Water Transport in the
Transfer of Nonindigenous Aquatic Species,” with Gregory
Ruiz from April 15, 1998 to July 14, 1998.

Cathleen A. Coss, Predoctoral Fellow, George Washington
University. “Transmission Dynamics and Patterns of
Perkinsus Infection in Chesapeake Bay Bivalves,” with
Gregory Ruiz from June 1, 1998 to August 31, 1998.

Jill M. Juhasz, Visiting Student, Northeastern University.
“Domestic Ballast Water Transport: A Potential Aid in the
Transfer of Nonindigenous Aquatic Species,” with Gregory
Ruiz from June 15, 1998 to December 15, 1998.

Romuald N. Lipcius, Senior Fellow, College of William and
Mary. “Source-sink Dynamics in a Marine Bivalve,” with
Anson Hines and Gregory Ruiz from June 1, 1998 to
November 30, 1998.

Elena G. Litchman, Postdoctoral Fellowship, University of
Minnesota. “Experimental Investigation of Factors Control-
ling UV Sensitivity of Phytoplankton in the Rhode River,”
with Patrick Neale from December 15, 1997 to January 14,
1999.

Catherine E. Lovelock, Visiting Scientist, James Cook Univer-
sity. “Host and Environmental Controls on the Arbuscular
Mycorrhize Symbiosis in Tropical Forests,” with Dennis
Whigham from March 1, 1998 to April 30, 1999.

Anne S. Marsh, Visiting Scientist, Yale University. “Rising
CO, and Long-Term Carbon Storage in Terrestrial Ecosys-
tems: An Empirical Carbon Budget Validation,” with Bert
Drake from November 1, 1997 to July 15, 1998.

Rochelle Seitz, Postdoctoral Fellow, College of William and
Mary. “Top-down vs. Bottom-up Control in Clams and

109

Crabs in Marsh Ecosystems,” with Anson Hines from April
15, 1998 to April 14, 1999.

Ryouji Shimamura, Visiting Student, Tokyo Metropolitan
University. “Effects of Water Dispersal of Seeds on Genetic
Structure within a Population in a Wetland Plant, Hybiscus
moscheutos,” with Dennis Whigham from October 1, 1997 to
September 30, 1998.

Evonne P.Y. Tang, Postdoctoral Fellow, Universite Laval,
Canada. “Spectral Resonse of Dinoflagellates to Visible
Light,” with Patrick Neale from September 1, 1998 to
August 31, 1999.

Heather Turner, Visiting Student, North Carolina State
University. “Migration Dynamics in Female Blue Crabs in
the Chesapeake Bay,” with Anson Hines from June 1, 1998
to December 15, 1998.

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute

Yves Basset, Tupper Postdoctoral Fellow, Griffith University,
Australia. “Vertical Gradients of Insect Diversity in Rain
Forests: Communities of Insect Herbivores Feeding on
Mature Trees vs. Seedlings,” with S. Joseph Wright and
Donald Windsor from August 15, 1998 to August 14, 1999.

Reginald B. Cocroft, Postdoctoral Fellowship, Cornell Univer-
sity. “The Role of Communication in Social Behavior: Sig-
nals and Responses in Group-living Insects (Homoptera:
Membracidae),” with A. Stanley Rand and John Christy
from January 15, 1998 to January 14, 1999.

Darren Crayn, Visiting Scientist, University of New South
Wales. “The Evolutionary Origins of Epiphytism and Cras-
sulacean Acid Metabolism within the Neotropical Family
Bromeliaceae,” with Klaus Winter and J. Andrew Smith
from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 1999.

Cameron R. Currie, Predoctoral Fellow, University of Toron-
to, Canada. “Parasitism of Attine Fungal Gardens,” with
William Wcislo from June 1, 1998 to May 31, 1999.

Benoit Desjardins, Short-Term Fellow, Universite de
Montreal, Canada. “Public Works or the Village Dump?”
with Richard Cooke from July 10, 1998 to October 9, 1998.

Elizabeth Dougherty, Short-Term Fellow, University of Penn-
sylvania. “The Dynamics of Modern Conservation and Com-
munity Development Practices in Rural Panama,” with
Olga Linares from February 1, 1998 to April 30, 1998.

Jessica R. Eberhard, Postdoctoral Fellow, Princeton Univer-
sity. “Phylogeography of Psonopsitra Parrots and Preroglossus
Toucans: A Test of Haffer's Pleistocene Refuge Hypothesis,”
with Eldredge Bermingham from August I, 1998 to July 31,
1999.

John C. Griggs, Predoctoral Fellow, University of Texas, Aus-
tin. “Archaeological Excavations and Survey at a Shaft-and-
Chamber Tomb Cemetery Site, Colon Province, Panama,”
with Richard Cooke from June 1, 1998 to May 31, 1999.

Ilo

Kristina Hufford, Short-Term Fellow, University of Georgia.
“Demographic Genetics of Platypodium elegans: Selection at
Three Early Life Stages,” with E. Allen Herre from March
10, 1998 to July 11, 1998.

Gwen Keller, Short-Term Fellow, University of Miami. “A
Survey of Genetic Variation Among Population of Chelymor-
pha alternans,” with Donald Windsor from December 15,
1997 to March 15, 1998.

David M. Marsh, Predoctoral Fellow, University of California,
Davis. “Effects of Breeding Pond Density on the Behavior
and Population Dynamics of a Tropical Frog,” with A. Stan-
ley Rand from June 1, 1998 to September 30, 1998.

Michael A. McCartney, Visiting Scientist (Co-Princ. Inves-
tigator/SSP), State University of New York, Stony Brook.
“Evolution of Loci Controlling Gametic Isolation in Sea Ur-
chins Separated by the Isthmus of Panama,” with Harilaos
Lessios from February 1, 1998 to December 31, 1998.

Susan B. McRae, Postdoctoral Fellow, University of
Cambridge, U.K. “Ecological Factors Affecting Reproduc-
tive Strategies in a Tropical Population of Moorhens,” with
William Wcislo and Eldredge Bermingham from May 15,
1998 to December Is, 1999.

Drude Molbo, Short-Term Fellow, Universite de Lausanne,
Switzerland. “Genetic Mating and Sex Ratio of Fig-As-
sociated Wasps,” with E. Allen Herre from August 1, 1998
to November 1, 1998.

Steven M. Phelps, Predoctoral Fellow, University of Texas,
Austin. “Vestigial Preferences in the Tungara Frog and its
Congener: Field Tests of Neural Network Predictions,”
with A. Stanley Rand from May 15, 1998 to August 14, 1998.

Kendra Pyle, Short-Term Fellow, University of Pennsylvania.
“Vocal Communication and the Maintenance of Social Rela-
tions in Coatis, Nasua narica,” with William Wcislo from
June 1, 1998 to August 28, 1998.

Sandra Ramirez, Short-Term Fellow, University of Costa Rica.
“Large Seed Size in Gustavia superba: A Dispersal Reward or
an Establishment Requirement,” with S. Joseph Wright
from May 15, 1998 to August 15, 1998.

Oris Sanjur, Visiting Scientist, Rutgers University.
“Molecular Systematics of Domesticated and Wild Species
of Cucurbita,” with Dolores Piperno from April 1, 1998 to
May 31, 1999.

Renate Sponer, Short-Term Fellow, University of Copenhagen.
“Phylogeography, Population Structure and Asexual
Reproduction in the Viviparous, Cosmopolitan Brittle Star
Amphipholis aquamata: A Multidisciplinary Approach to
Studying Evolutionary Processes in Marine Invertebrates,”
with Harilaos Lessios from December 1, 1997 to February
28, 1998.

Gerald Urquhart, Visiting Scientist, University of Michigan.
“The Quaternary Environmental History of Nicaragua:
Reconnaissance Phase,” with Pau! Colinvaux from October
I, 1997 to September 30, 1998.

Karen Warkentin, Short-Term Fellow, University of Texas.
“Phenotypic Plasticity in Hatching of Amphibian

Embryos,” with A. Stanley Rand from May 18, 1998 to
August 17, 1998.

Zhijun Zhao, Visiting Scientist, University of Missouri,
Columbia. “Environment Reconstruction in the Middle
Yangtze Region, China: An Application of Phytolith
Analysis,” with Dolores Piperno from November 1, 1997 to
October 31, 1998.

Kirk S. Zigler, Predoctoral Fellow, Duke University.
“Reproductive Isolation in the Genus Lyrechinus
(Echinoidea: Toxopneustidae),” with Harilaos Lessios from
August I5, 1998 to August 14, 1999.

Simon W. Zipperlen, Visiting Scientist, University of Shef-
field. “Integrating Canopy and Hydraulic Architecture of
Psychotria spp Shrubs Across Gradients of Light and Mois-
ture Availability,” with S. Joseph Wright and Robert Pearcy
from November 1, 1997 to October 31, 1999.

Internships and Other
Appointments

The Smithsonian offers internships and other special ap-
pointments to undergraduate and graduate students and
to museum professionals. The home institution, a brief
description of the project undertaken at the Smithsonian,
and the dates of service are given wherever possible.

Archives of American Art

Susan Benz, Master’s Candidate, University of Maryland. In-
tern will process papers of artist Albert Frueh and create a
finding aid for these papers. 2/17/98 through 5/1/98.

Noriko Masuda, Master’s Candidate, Boston University. In-
tern will assist with handling archival materials prior to
shipment to Washington, D.C. 1/12/98 through 4/15/98.

Anacostia Museum

Adrian Loving, Master's Candidate, University of the Arts.
Education. Create written materials and models geared to
the educational and outreach needs of elementary school
students and teachers, while considering simple construc-
tion, economical, lightweight and recyclable materials, and
physical accessibility. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Katie Sell, Bachelor's Candidate, College of William and
Mary. Registrar. Cataloging objects found in the “Alice
Bell Finlayson Collections.” This includes research into mis-
cellaneous museum files, spanning a period of 20 years, in
order to locate relevant object-related information. The
process will include provenance research, cataloging, num-
bering, photo documentation, and filing. 6/8/98 through
7/31/98.

Arthur M. Sackler Gallery/Freer Gallery of Art

Ava Alkon, Bachelor's Candidate, Yale University. Education.
Intern will assist with the ImaginAsia program for
children. 6/22/98 through 9/1/98.

Augusta Babson, Bachelor's Candidate, Williams College.
Education. Intern will prepare educational materials for
compliance with ADA. 6/2/98 through 7/28/98.

Jennifer Carnahan. Intern will assist with the Imaginasia
program for families and programs for educators. 2/19/98
through 6/30/98.

Joyce Chow, Bachelor's Degree, Amherst College. Chinese
Art. Assist curator of Chinese art with research for upcoming
exhibits. 6/19/98 through 8/31/98.

Renee Ferrara, Master's Candidate, Georgetown University.
Islamic Art. Research on Persian collection and other
Islamic materials for the print catalogue and installation.
V/12/98 through 5/30/98.

Rose Garbarino, High School Student, Oakton High School.
Assist with the family program, ImaginAsia. 8/4/98
through 10/1/98.

Jennifer Greenhill, Bachelor's Candidate, University of
California—Los Angeles. American Art. Intern will work
for curators, archivists, conservators for an upcoming ex-
hibit of Whistler prints. 1/12/98 through 3/20/98.

Tania Haddad, Graduate, University of Virginia. Co-teach
ImaginAsia, work with all facets of education department;
assist with the development and implementation of educa-
tional public programs. 9/30/97 through 9/30/98.

Franak Hilloowala, Master's Candidate, University of Arizona.
Islamic Collection. Intern will work with the manuscript
collection, compiling bibliographies on the collection.
6/8/98 through 7/31/98.

Amelia Kaplan, Bachelor’s Candidate, American University.
Working in photography lab doing digital imaging, print-
ing and other activities. 10/9/97 through 12/31/97.

Amy Kim, Bachelor's Candidate, Duke University. Educa-
tion. Intern will prepare descriptions of the Asian art slide
collection for use by teachers. 7/6/98 through 8/14/98.

Tomoko Kojima, Master's Candidate, American University.
Public Affairs. Intern will assist with projects in the public
affairs office. 7/6/98 through 12/31/98.

Mallica Landrus, Master's Degree, University of Louisville. Re-
search. Working on material for Freer rotation in Gallery
18. 8/4/98 through 8/30/98.

LeighAnne McNamara, Bachelor's Candidate, State Univer-
sity of New York—Oneonta. Education. Assist in Imagin-
Asia program for children and their adult companions.
9/8/98 through 12/8/98.

Duc Tai Nguyen, Bachelor's Candidate, Capitol College.
Library. Intern will assist with slide library projects. 7/6/98
through 8/14/98.

Nora Niedzielski-Eichner, Bachelor's Candidate, University of
Chicago. Education. Assist with family program Imagin-
Asia. 8/3/98 through 8/26/98.

ui

Nicole Parfitt. Education. Intern will assist with the Imagin-
Asia family program. 2/23/98 through 6/26/98.

Sarah Quainton, Bachelor’s Degree, Trinity University. Re-
search for sources of Asian film, to be carried out on the In-
ternet and the Library of Congress. Assistance in
production of Asian film screenings. 10/1/97 through 6/1/98.

Laura Rodini, Bachelor's Candidate, Providence College. In-
tern will learn about shop operation, including buying, sell-
ing, product development and design. 5/18/98 through
8/31/98.

Alaoui Saida, Master's Candidate, George Washington Univer-
sity. Islamic Art. Intern will research the Charles L. Freer
and private collections made in Paris in the early 1900s.
7/8/98 through 8/14/98.

Theresa Sotto, Bachelor's Degree, St. Mary's College of
Maryland. Education. Intern will assist public programs
coordinator in producing summer films and concerts, and
assist the photo dept. with the digitizing of the Asian col-
lection. 6/9/98 through 8/27/98.

Cara Starke, Bachelor's Candidate, Cornell University. Educa-
tion. Intern will assist with the ImaginAsia program.
6/29/98 through 9/1/98.

Kristina Stephens, Bachelor's Candidate, George Washington
University. Photography. Organizing transparencies, print-
ing, helping photographers in the studio. 1/15/98 through
5/15/98.

Marinita Stiglitz, Bachelor's Degree, University of Rome. In-
tern will learn Chinese mounting techniques and will join
the PritzRaff Paintings conservation project. 5/11/98
through 11/13/98.

Rhoya Tocco, High School Student, West Nottingham
Academy. Education. Intern will research and write descrip-
tions for slides to be distributed to educators. 7/13/98
through 8/14/98.

Kei Tokuhisa, Master's Degree, University of the Sacred
Heart. Research towards the exhibitions “Arts of Kyoto in
the Age of Koetsu,” and “Japanese Buddhist Art,” and re-
search for publications. 1/5/98 through 12/31/98.

Rebecca Whitin, Bachelor's Candidate, Smith College.
American Art. Produce an edition of correspondence
relevant to the portrait of Theodore Roosevelt by Gari Mel-
chers. 9/8/98 through 12/18/98.

Diana Yi, Bachelor's Candidate, Rutgers. Intern will assist
Chinese Art curator with exhibit planning and responding
to public inquiries. 6/1/98 through 8/2/98.

Center for Folklife Programs and Cultural Studies

Barbara Barnett, Bachelor's Candidate, University of
Maryland. Folklife Festival. Intern will work for with
music groups, assisting with the Wisconsin Program at the
1998 Smithsonian Folklife Festival. 6/8/98 through 8/15/98.

Lucy Bates. Folklife Festival. Development of programs for
the 1998 Folklife Festival, including educational materials
and a video documentary based on research from the “Cul-

II2

ture and Environment in the Rio Grande Basin” project.
2/2/98 through 4/27/98.

Jessica Becker. Bachelor's Degree, University of Wisconsin.
Folklife Festival. Intern will be transcribing interview tapes
that will be used for a Folkways release of South Texas Con-
junto Music. Intern will work closely with CD producers
on the logistical aspects of the release. 9/21/98 through
11/27/98.

Deanna Bickerstaff, Master's Candidate, George Washington
University. Archives. Intern will assist with a Web page for
the 1998 Folklife Festival, and assist with researching and
cataloging in the archives. 6/3/98 through 8/15/98.

Ryan Boeding, Bachelor's Degree, College of Wooster.
Folkways. Developed a system for tracking use of promo-
tional CDs for Smithsonian Folkways. 6/15/98 through
8/15/98.

Andy Bryan, Bachelor's Candidate, Boston University. Intern
will assist with the Baltics Program for the 1998 Folklife
Festival. 6/1/98 through 7/16/98.

Rhona Campbell, Bachelor’s Degree, Oberlin College.
Folkways. Managed publicity and sales for Smithsonian
Folkways at a Sterling Brown poetry conference and
worked with promotional materials for Folkways and its ar-
tists. 9/1/98 through 5/31/99.

Wendy Clupper. Intern will study the potential for staging na-
tional identity through performance (focus will be the
Philippines program at the 1998 Folklife Festival). 6/15/98
through 7/15/98.

Laura Collins, Bachelor's Candidate, Bucknell University. In-
tern will assist with the crafts exhibit in the Wisconsin pro-
gram at the 1998 Folklife Festival. 5/20/98 through 8/15/98.

Susan Dyer, Bachelor's Candidate, Hamilton College. Office
of Public Affairs/ Folklife Festival. Intern for Folklife Fes-
tival, working with the Office of Public Affairs on festival
publicity, press releases, and targeted mailings. Intern will
assist with the 1998 Folklife Festival. 5/26/98 through
8/15/98.

Ian Eagleson, Bachelor's Degree, Oberlin College. Folkways.
Researching archival material and assisting in the produc-
tion of recordings. 10/27/97 through V/31/98.

Katherine Eldridge, Bachelor's Candidate, W. Virginia Wes-
leyan. Desktop Publishing, scanning and digital manipula-
tion for the Folklife Festival. 1/5/98 through 1/30/98.

Pilapa Esara, Master's Candidate, Brown University. Intern
will assist the production team with the documentation of
the 1998 Folklife Festival. 7/18/98 through 8/24/98.

Sarah Everett, Bachelor's Degree, Whitworth College. Folklife
Festival. Intern will assist with the Baltics Program for the
1998 Folklife Festival. 6/1/98 through 7/16/98.

Alistair Farrell. Folklife Festival. Worked on coordinating eve-
ning concerts at the festival, in addition to assisting with
teacher seminars, children’s activities, and cross-program
sessions. 6/8/98 through 7/15/98.

Meredith Forster, Bachelor’s Candidate, Duke University. In-
tern will assist with the supervision of the Foodways par-

ticipants with the Wisconsin Program at the 1998 Festival
of American Folklife. 5/26/98 through 8/15/98.

Eric Gertner, Bachelor's Degree, Wesleyan University.
Folklife Festival. Prepared materials for the Folklife Fes-
tival Web site and assisted with laying out the plan for the
African Immigrant project's Web site. 6/15/98 through
7/15/98.

Jennifer Graves, Bachelor's Candidate, VCU. Intern will assist
the design team for the 1998 Folklife Festival. 6/1/98
through 7/18/98.

Heather Harbaugh, Bachelor’s Candidate, Bloomsburg
University of Pennsylvania. Folklife Festival. Worked on
Rio Grande/Rio Bravo Basin program for the festival, serv-
ing as an area coordinator. 5/18/98 through 7/31/98.

Johan Horwitz, Bachelor's Candidate, Wesleyan University.
Intern will assist with the preservation and organization of
CFPCS archives. 5/21/98 through 8/21/98.

Gisela Insuaste, Bachelor's Degree, Dartmouth College. Will
work with Latin American Youth Center staff to document
the D.C. Latino community. Will organize material and
make selections for exhibit and will participate in exhibit
installation. 8/5/98 through 12/4/98.

Kristin Jansen, Master's Candidate, Georg August Univer-
sitat. Intern will aid with plans for the 1998 and 1999
Folklife Festivals, and conduct a follow-up on the
African Immigrant program from 1997. 2/17/98 through
4/13/98.

Melissa Jeffrey, Bachelor's Candidate, University of St.
Andrews. Photographic and Web assistant with the
Folklife Center Folklife Festival. 6/8/98 through 8/5/98.

Ethan Johnson, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Michigan.
Intern will conduct market research for Smithsonian
Folkways Recordings. 6/30/98 through 8/13/98.

Steffi Jost, Master's Candidate, University of Heidelberg.
Worked with photo documentation in the archives and
reorganizing archive materials. 3/16/98 through 4/10/98.

Katherine Kowalski, Bachelor's Candidate, University of
Notre Dame. Intern will assist with the 1998 Folklife
Festival. 5/18/98 through 7/31/98.

May Lee, Bachelor’s Degree, Davidson College. Intern will
assist with the Wisconsin Program at the 1998 Smithsonian
Folklife Festival. 6/1/98 through 8/15/98.

Lindsay Mayhood, Bachelor's Candidate, Colorado College.
Intern will photograph Folklife Festival. 6/4/98 through
7/15/98.

Heidi McKinnon, Bachelor's Candidate, University of New
Mexico. Intern will conduct research for a program on the
culture of the Rio Grande for the 1998 Folklife Festival.
6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Heidi McKinnon, Bachelors Candidate, University of
New Mexico. Development of programs, educational
materials and video documentary for the 1998-99
Folklife Festival based on research from the “Culture
and Environment in the Rio Grande Basin” project.
2/2/98 through 7/31/98.

Kieran McManus, Bachelor's Degree. Assistant archiver at
Folkways Archive. 9/8/98 through 12/31/98.

Marla Mead, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Iowa. Intern
will assist with the documentation of the 1998 Folklife Fes-
tival, as well as the production for two documentaries for
the Festival. 6/15/98 through 8/14/98.

Siv Kristin Ostlund, Bachelor's Degree, W WU. Intern will
conduct research, write and edit publicity releases for
Smithsonian Folkways Recordings. 7/1/98 through
8/26/98.

Charles Paul, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Wisconsin—
Madison. Worked on online Smithsonian Folkways
catalogue and did audio file and encoding for Internet
delivery. 6/1/98 through 8/1/98.

Brian Pfeifer, Bachelor's Degree, Naropa Institute. Work with
the music collection in the archives, primarily transferring
reel-to-reel tapes of Pete Seeger material onto digital
media. 6/1/98 through 8/30/98.

Dagmar Pfensig, Master's Candidate, Washington Univer-
sity/FU Berlin. Intern will assist with the video
documentation of the 1998 Folklife Festival. 6/1/98
through 7/30/98.

Diana Robertson, Bachelor's Degree, University of California—
Los Angeles. Development of programs for the 1998
Folklife Festival, including educational materials and a
video documentary based on research from the “Culture
and Environment in the Rio Grande Basin” project. 2/2/98
through 3/27/98.

Sonya Salazar, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Missouri—
Columbia. Folklife Festival. Worked on Rio Grande/Rio
Bravo Basin program for the Festival, serving as an area
coordinator. 5/18/98 through 8/21/98.

Elizabeth Sheridan, Bachelor's Candidate, Wesleyan Univer-
sity. 6/1/98 through 7/9/98.

Joanne Spafford, University of Utah. Audio/Visual. Worked
with African Immigrant video material from the 1997
Folklife Festival program. 11/17/97 through 3/1/98.

Christina Stensvaag, Bachelor’s Candidate, Mary Washington
College. Will conduct research for a publication and the
Folklife Festival. 1/20/98 through 4/30/98.

Annie Stone, Bachelor's Candidate, Kansas City Art Institute.
Assist the design director with the Smithsonian Folklife
Festival. 6/8/98 through 7/20/98.

Natalie Swetye, Bachelor's Candidate, Colorado College.
Intern will research and produce a program on the culture
of the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo basin for the Folklife Festival.
6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Grace Wang, Master's Candidate, University of Michigan.
Intern will assist with the “Pahiyas, A Philippine Harvest”
for the 1998 Folklife Festival. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Barri Williams, Bachelor’s Candidate, University of
Maryland. Worked on coordinating evening concerts at the
festival, in addition to assisting with teacher seminars,
children’s activities, and cross-program sessions. 6/1/98
through 7/15/98.

113

Center for Museum Studies

Maria Alonso-Moreno, Montgomery College. Office of the
Secretary. Assist in coordinating the Virgin Mary Con-
ference. 2/25/98 through 5/15/98.

Eliza Duerr, Bachelor's Candidate, West Chester University.
Intern will assist with all aspects of the planning, coordinat-
ing and implementation of the eighteenth annual museum
careers seminar. Intern will tabuluate evaluations and write
final report. 6/2/98 through 7/31/98.

Joy Foust, Montgomery College. Intern will work with the
Workshop Series (Introduction to Visitor Studies) and work
on Museum Studies database. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Kiyohito Hamada, University of Tokyo. Assist with coordinat-
ing CMS workshops. Conduct research on training and
professional development, and research sources of com-
munity and corporate support. 1/6/98 through 3/6/98.

Donna Weeks, Montgomery College. Research materials to be
included in American Indian Museum Studies Program
resource materials. 6/4/98 through 8/30/98.

Danielle Winner, Bachelor's Degree, St Mary's College. Intern
will aid with the Latino Graduate Training Seminar, 1998.
5/18/98 through 7/12/98.

Friends of the National Zoo

Alison Emblidge, Bachelor's Candidate, Cornell University.
Communications. Intern will write and research for Zoogoer
magazine and assist with media relations. 6/1/98 through
7/31/98.

Baiba Petersone, Bachelor's Candidate, Vidzeme University
College. Public Affairs. Assist in Public Affairs office on a
variety of projects. 9/21/98 through 12/11/98.

Emily Schuster, Bachelor's Degree, Johns Hopkins. Com-
munications. Intern will write and research for the Zoogoer
magazine and assist with media relations. 6/8/98 through
9/30/98.

Judy Tasse. Writer/editor in the Division of Exhibit Interpre-
tation at the National Zoological Park. Includes researching,
writing, and editing for a water exhibit scheduled to open in
spring 2000. 11/1/97 through 11/30/98.

Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden

Tracey Avant, Master's Degree, George Washington Univer-
sity. Education. Intern will assist with the research for and
the development of didactic material for children and
families for temporary exhibits at the Hirshhorn. 6/1/98
through 8/28/98.

Elizabeth DiFebo, Bachelor's Candidate, Moravian College.
Education. Gave numerous tours of the George Segal
Retrospective exhibition, coordinated registration for the
Writers’ Workshop, “Using the Art of George Segal to In-
spire Poetry,” mailed applications to prospective interns as
well as received, maintained, and managed summer inter-

114

nship applications, preparing and presenting the applica-
tions for final selection by museum professionals. 2/3/98
through 5/1/98.

Victoria Durrer, Bachelor's Candidate, University of
Maryland. Library. Worked in the library assisting with
cataloging manuscripts and important documents. 6/1/98
through 8/28/98.

Katherine Ebner, Master's Candidate, University of Ok-
lahoma. Performed curatorial research for the Curator of
Sculpture. 6/1/98 through 8/14/98.

Portia Edwards, Bachelor's Candidate, University of California—
Santa Cruz. Education. Research concerning postmodern
deconstructionist theory relating to 2D art production.
4/6/98 through 6/15/98.

Danielle Ezrin, Montgomery. Library. Intern will assist with
library inventory and preservation needs. 7/22/98 through
8/31/98.

Alice Farlowe, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Georgia.
Performed curatorial research for furure temporary exhibi-
tions. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Sophie Fawcett, Bachelor's Candidate, Cambridge University,
Trinity Hall. Education. Dissertation on the nature of
private collections and the private collection in the public
eye/arena. 8/24/98 through 9/24/98.

Abigail Freeman, Bachelor's Candidate, Maryland Institute of
Art. Conservation. Intern will assist the Sculpture Conser-
vator with the summer cleaning and maintenence of the
outdoor Sculpture Garden, the writing of condition reports,
and structural repairs of objects. 6/8/98 through 8/28/98.

Emily Hage, Bachelor's Degree, University of Maryland.
Dept. of Public Programs/Curatorial Division. Research
assistance. 9/9/98 through 12/31/98.

Anna Herzlinger, Bachelor’s Candidate, Haverford College.
Education. Gave tours of the collections and special exhibi-
tion, organized education programs’ report and researched
and wrote training notes, on a future exhibition, for che
docents. Volunteered with the conservation department to
clean the outdoor sculpture. 6/1/98 through 8/15/98.

Kimberly Kindelsperger, Bachelor’s Candidate, University of
Maryland. Research and observation of upcoming museum
exhibitions, with a focus on Kiki Smith and Chuck Close
in the “Directions” series. 1/20/98 through 5/29/98.

Rachel Mayer, Bachelor's Candidate, Williams College. Educa-
tion. Gave numerous tours of the special exhibitions Carlos
Alfonzo and Directions: Tony Oursler, and the permanent
collection, taught a four-week class, for children in conjunc-
tion with the Smithsonian Associates on the Hirshhorn’s
collection. Researched and prepared training notes for the
docents on the Chuck Close exhibition, performed research
on selected artists, assisted with press previews and volun-
teered with the conservation dept. to clean outdoor sculp-
ture. 6/1/98 through 8/1/98.

Laura Roulet, Bachelor's Degree, University of Maryland—
College Park. Will be assisting Hirshhorn Museum contem-
porary curator Olga Viso. 9/24/98 through 6/30/99.

Heather Ruth. Curatorial. Performed curatorial research for
temporary exhibitions. 2/5/98 through 5/3/98.

Helen Schlabs, Bachelor's Candidate, Salem College. Conserva-
tion. Intern will assist the Sculprure Conservator with the
summer cleaning and maintenence of the outdoor Sculp-
ture Garden, the writing of condition reports, and struc-
tural repairs of objects. 6/8/98 through 8/28/98.

Katharina Schmitt, Bachelor's Degree, Rheinische Friedrich
Wilhelms Universtitat Bonn. Curatorial. Intern will assist
with Touch for the Blind, and curatorial reseach. 6/4/98
through 6/5/99.

Maria Shaw-Martos, Master's Degree. Registrar. Intern will
work with the Tony Oursler exhibit and catalog/data recon-
ciliations of the permanent collection. 6/22/98 through
9/3/98.

Theresa Solury, Bachelor's Degree, University of Maryland—
College Park. Conservation. Working in the conservation
department to learn basic conservation techniques for
various mediums. 9/17/98 through 5/31/99.

Amy Stimmel, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Califor-
nia—Davis. Library. Library/Education Intern. 9/17/98
through 12/4/98.

Meghan Tierney, Bachelor's Candidate, Smith College.
Cataloguing of Olga Hirshhorn Photography Collection.
9/8/98 through 12/17/98.

Amy Wolfe, Master’s Candidate, University of Florida. Public
Affairs. Worked in the Public Affairs Department, assisted
with press previews, wrote press releases and announce-
ments, and worked at the Information Desk for Art Night
Programs. 6/1/98 through 8/1/98.

International Center

Adam Goncalves, Bachelor’s Candidate, George Washington
University. Institute for Conservation Biology. Intern will
research and maintain a listserve for the Center and will
help with logistics for conferences. 1/20/98 through 5/15/98.

Eric Holmes. Design Web page for SI-MAB,; assist in updat-
ing mailing list, and help prepare for symposium. 7/30/98
through 12/31/98.

Omotayo Orunila, High School Student, St. Andrew High
School. Intern will work to close out project files and
prepare them to be transfered to the Archives. 6/30/98
through 7/31/98.

Elizabeth Seeger, Bachelor’s Candidate, University of Chicago.
Intern will coordinate Johns Hopkins course on biodiver-
sity and maintain ICB listserve. 6/29/98 through 9/11/98.

Institutional Studies Office

Eric Conrad, Bachelor's Candidate, Colgate University. Intern
will interview, track and enter data for the Amazonia
Project. 5/20/98 through 8/5/98.

Sarah Diehl, Bachelor’s Degree, University of Maryland—
Baltimore County. Qualitative and quantitative studies of

museum visitors and program participants. 6/8/98 through
8/25/98.

Anne Kazimirski, Bachelor’s Degree, Oxford University.
Qualitative and quantitative studies of museum visitors
and program participants. 10/23/97 through 12/19/97.

Eric Lagdameo, Montgomery College. Intern will assist with
evaluation of Montgomery College Humanities Institute.
2/18/98 through 5/15/98.

Susan Timberlake, Master's Candidate, Duke University.
Qualitative and quantitative studies of museum visitors
and program participants. 5/26/98 through 8/21/98.

Kaya Townsend, Bachelor's Degree, McGill University.
Qualitative and quantitative studies of museum visitors
and program participants. 2/2/98 through 1/5/98.

Hilary Welbourne, Bachelor’s Degree, Lycoming College.
Aiding in development and research of exhibits at the
various Smithsonian museums. 9/14/98 through 12/18/98.

Kathryn Wycoff, Master's Candidate, University of Chicago.
Qualitative and quantitative studies of museum visitors
and program participants. 7/20/98 through 9/25/98.

National Air and Space Museum

Sarah Akridge, Bachelor’s Candidate, Duke University. Ex-
hibits. Intern will assist with repairing and maintaining
devices for the How Things Fly gallery. 7/6/98 through
8/31/98.

Alonso Alverez, Bachelor's Candidate, Amherst College.
Education. Intern will assist curators in the Dept. of Space
History in the preparation of curatorial files documenting
the provenance and history of space history artifacts. 6/1/98
through 8/14/98.

Naruemon Boonsom, Bachelor's Candidate, University of the
District of Columbia. Exhibits. Intern will assist with
reconfiguring, fine-tuning, and maintaining devices in the
How Things Fly gallery. 6/1/98 through 8/14/98.

Dan Cohen, Bachelor’s Candidate, ESTACA—Paris. Restora-
tion. Intern will assist with the restoration of the Aichi
MGAI, Seiran. This will include work in all phases of
aircraft restoration. 6/2/98 through 8/19/98.

Candace Cottrell, Bachelor's Candidate, West Virginia Univer-
sity. Archives. Intern will assist with the creation of
databases that will contribute to the preservation and con-
servation of the photographic collection at NASM. 6/10/98
through 8/14/98.

Jacqueline Crousillat, Associate’s Candidate, Montgomery
College. Photography. Researching photo collections.
9/10/98 through 12/22/98.

Andres de Orleans-Borbon, Bachelor’s Candidate, Polytechnic
University of Turin (Italy). Development. Will learn basic
aircraft restoration at the Garber facility. Will assist with
the Capital Campaign. 8/3/98 through 8/28/98.

James Hakala, Master's Candidate, George Washington
University. Education. Intern will assist Explainers Coor-

II5

dinator with scheduling and managing the program in the
coordinator's absence. 6/1/98 through 8/14/98.

Jim Hakala, Bachelor's Degree, George Washington Univer-
sity. Education. Help develop an explainers program for the
How Things Fly gallery. 1/12/98 through 4/16/98.

Michael “Scott” Harris, Bachelor's Candidate, University of
Maryland—College Park. Public Affairs. Aiding in media
relations and the coordination of media visits and events.
Also includes writing pitch letters, making telephone calls,
and possibly writing articles for publication. 9/24/98
through 12/31/98.

Laramie Hickey-Friedman, Master's Candidate, University of
Delaware. Conservation. Intern will assist with examining
and treating spacesuits, aircraft components, and space his-
tory artifacts. 6/1/98 through 8/14/98.

Tara Kelly, Bachelor's Candidate, George Washington Univer-
sity. Education. Intern will assist with the development of a
museum overview sheet for distribution to teachers and
schools. 6/1/98 through 5/31/99.

Wakako Komoto, George Mason University. Education. In-
tern will help establish physical and intellectual control of
archival collections. Intern will write descriptions, arrange
and rehouse collections, and perform preservation tasks.
6/1/98 through 8/14/98.

Donald Langhorne, Bachelor's Candidate, Texas Southern
University. Education. Intern will assist the Student Ser-
vices Coordinator with the management of the intern pro-
gram. 6/1/98 through 8/14/98.

Michael Margolius, Bachelor’s Candidate, University of
Maryland—College Park. Intern will rehouse aircraft and
aircraft component technical manuals. 6/16/98 through
8/15/98.

Selena Neighbours, Bachelor's Candidate, Johns Hopkins.
Space History. Intern will prepare descriptive materials
related to the theme of the planned Explore the Universe
gallery. 6/1/98 through 8/14/98.

Garrett Rooney, Bachelor's Candidate, Rensselaer. Exhibits.
Intern will assist with reconfiguring, fine-tuning, and
maintaining devices in the How Things Fly gallery. 6/1/98
through 8/14/98.

Lela Sanchez, Florida State University. Intern will assist in the
Explainer's Program in the How Things Fly gallery. 6/1/98
through 8/7/98.

Hyesun Suk, Master's Candidate, George Washington Univer-
sity. Exhibits. Intern will create signage for the museum
with the exhibits dept. and will assist with the design of
NASM Web pages. 6/1/98 through 8/14/98.

National Museum of American Art

Allison Aldrich, Master's Candidate, George Washington
University. Allison will begin the first section interning in
the development office. She will then rotate to the
registrar's department for the second half of the semester.
9/8/98 through 4/23/99.

116

Bethany Baran, Master’s Candidate, American University.
Bethany will begin her internship at the Renwick Gallery,
working with the Curator, Kenneth Trapp. She will chen
intern with the education department. 9/8/98 through
4/23/99.

Jessica Braiterman, Bachelor’s Degree, College of Notre Dame
of Maryland. Jessica will be in the education department
for the first half of the internship. She will then work in the
design and production department. 9/8/98 through 4/23/99.

Gretchen Dematera, Master's Candidate, H. John Heinz III
School of Public Policy. Development. Intern will research
Capital Campaign prospects for NMAA. 6/1/98 through
8/7/98.

Christine Fisher, Montgomery College. MNI. Intern will
prepare digital images for the NMAA Web site in the Of-
fice of New Media Iniatives. 2/6/98 through 4/24/98.

Robert French, Master's Candidate, Southern Methodist
University. Robert will begin the first half of the semester
with Andrew Connors and Helen Lucero in the curatorial
department. He will then rotate to the education depart-
ment for the second half. 9/8/98 through 4/23/99.

Katherine Fritzsche, Bachelor's Degree, Lawrence University.
Kare will begin interning with Katherine Manthorne and
assist with the American Art Journal. She will spend the
second half of the semester with Bob Johnston in External
Affairs. 9/8/98 through 4/23/99.

Courtney Hamrick, Bachelor's Degree, Randolph-Macon
Women's College. Registrar. Intern will assist with exhibi-
tions and loans, collection storage, permanent collection
documentation, packing and shipping, and rights and
reproductions. 6/5/98 through 7/31/98.

Sanders Hearne, Bachelor's Degree, Davidson College.
Curatorial. Intern will research the NMAA Archives on the
time that George Catlin spent in the NMAA and the result-
ing first exhibition held at the SI. 6/5/98 through 7/31/98.

Sarah Horowitz, Bachelor's Candidate, Wellesley College.
Renwick Gallery. Intern will conduct research for an exhibi-
tion on U.S. Navy silver. 5/26/98 through 7/31/98.

Emily Krueger, Bachelor's Candidate, University of North
Carolina—Chapel Hill. Intern will assist with the Nebras-
ka Teacher Workshop, as well as developing Web applica-
tions. 6/5/98 through 7/31/98.

Melissa Love, Bachelor's Candidate, Wellesley College. Registrar.
Intern will assist with exhibitions and loans, collection
storage, permanent collection documentation, packing and
shipping, and rights and reproductions. 6/5/98 through
7/31/98.

Christopher Lynch, Bachelor’s Degree, Bowdoin College.
Design and Production. Assist in the design and produc-
tion office as a lighting intern. The intern will learn the
role lighting plays in the display of artwork, learn a variety
of different lighting techniques for different types of art
and architecture. 8/13/98 through 9/25/98.

Alison MacAdam, Bachelor's Candidate, Wesleyan. Public Af-
fairs. Intern will assist with media events, requests from the

press, film crews, and promotion of public programs.
6/5/98 through 7/3/98.

Joanna Marsh, Bachelor's Candidate, Cornell University. In-
tern Programs. Intern will research objects in the traveling
folk art show in preparation for the annotated labels, and
will research proposed acquisitions. 6/5/98 through 7/31/98.

Bethany Martin, Bachelor's Candidate, Smith College.
Design. Intern will assist with the production of the
graphics for three exhibitions, and assist with preparations
for future exhibitions. 6/5/98 through 7/31/98.

Dorinna Mendoza, Bachelor’s Candidate, Stanford University.
Dorinna will spend the first half of her internship with the
registrar's department. She will spend the second part with
Curator Lynda Hartigan. 9/8/98 through 4/23/99.

Barbara Palley, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Virginia.
Education. Intern will assist with the prepartion of educa-
tional materials for the “Gold Rush” exhibit and assist with
the related Web page. 6/5/98 through 8/21/98.

Jina Park, Master's Candidate, Graduate School of Hong-Ik
University. Jina will begin in the registrar's department
interning in a variety of offices. She will spend the second
half of the semester with George Gurney in the curatorial
department. 9/8/98 through 4/23/99.

Juan Rivera, Master's Candidate, Fashion Institute of Technol-
ogy. Development. Intern will work with corporate spon-
sors for Latino initiatives taking place over the next five
years. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Timothy Rutti, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Arizona—
Tuscon. Design and Production. Intern will assist with the
creation of a database, photography and digitization of
photos for the nineteenth-century frame documentation
and storage project. 6/5/98 through 7/31/98.

Michael San Filippo, Master’s Degree, Middlebury College.
Advanced-level graduate internship at NMAA. 1/12/98
through 4/24/98.

Suzanne Schairer, Bachelor's Degree, University of Chicago.
Suzanne will start her internship with the Deputy Director,
Charles Robertson. Depending on the scope of the project,
she may remain there for the remainder of the semester.
9/8/98 through 4/23/99.

Richard Sorenson, Master's Candidate, American University.
Richard will begin interning with Therese Heyman in the
curatorial department. He will then move to the Renwick
and intern with the Curator, Kenneth Trapp. 9/8/98
through 4/23/99.

Bianca Sparks, Bachelor's Candidate, Brown University. In-
tern will research Latino artists, assist with the drafting of
object labels, and coordinate photographic and conserva-
tion requests. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Hillary Spencer, Master’s Candidate, American University.
Hillary will spend the first part of the internship in the
design and production office. She will then move to the
development office. 9/8/98 through 4/23/99.

Adrianne Stone, Bachelor’s Candidate, Wake Forest Univer-
sity. External Affairs. Intern will assist the Chief of Exter-

nal Affairs with product development. 6/5/98 through
7/31/98.

Elizabeth Wierenga, Master's Candidate, Wayne State Univer-
sity. Elizabeth will begin interning with Joann Moser in
the curatorial department. She will then intern with
Richard Murray, Curator of the Abbott Handerson Thayer
exhibit. 9/8/98 through 4/23/99.

National Museum of African Art

Molly Barnes, Bachelor's Degree, University of North Carolina—
Chapel Hill. Library. Intern will contribute to the update
of African terminology in Art and Architecture Thesaurus.
3/2/98 through 7/10/98.

Claudia Brittenham, Bachelor’s Candidate, Yale University.
Intern will compile a package of information on all objects
in the permanent collection. 6/1/98 through 7/24/98.

Gina Cabrera, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Virginia.
Intern will work with the Eliot Elisofon photographic of-
fice. 6/1/98 through 9/7/98.

Jennifer Chow, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Virginia.
Education. Intern will assist with the development of
educational materials for the activity room for the “Olowe
of Ise” exhibit. 6/15/98 through 8/21/98.

Marsha Ford, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Maryland—
College Park. Archives. Compile and catalog collection of
papers donated by Constance Stuart Larabee. 9/8/98
through 11/13/98.

Marian Gilbride, Bachelor's Degree, University of London—
SOAS. Education Dept. Research on the Power and Iden-
tity exhibit—prepared for the use of docents. 9/28/98
through 12/4/98.

Denise Hatcher, Bachelor's Candidate, Illinois State Univer-
sity. Intern will research new African art terms for use in
the NMAFA Archives and Library. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Michael Miller, Master's Candidate, California State University—
Fullerton. Intern will monitor Olowe exhibit activity room
and assist with various research projects associated with
other exhibitions. Intern will also facilitate teacher/student
workshops and tours. 4/16/98 through 6/19/98.

Tomoko Yagi, Master’s Degree, George Washington Univer-
sity. Education. Intern will assist curator and write a grant
proposal. 1/12/98 through 4/18/98.

National Museum of American History

Carrie Alcorn, Bachelor's Candidate, Smith College. Social
History. Documenting the users of women’s dresses in the
period costume collection 1800-1824. 9/8/98 through
12/17/98.

Melissa Andrews. Public Services. Intern will research the
development of women as consumers and that market, with
a focus on weddings and rules of etiquette. 6/29/98 through
8/29/98.

117

Denver Applehaus, Bachelor's Candidate, Georgetown Univer-
sity. Research for the Nobel Prize 2000 Project. 1/23/98
through 12/31/98.

F Juliette Arai, Master's Candidate, University of Maryland—
College Park. Archives. Intern will process the Carvel Ice
Cream and Krispy Kreme Doughnut Corporation records.
6/1/98 through 8/28/98.

Jennifer Atkinson, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Califor-
nia—Santa Barbara. Cultural History. Intern will assist
with the production of “Encuentros: Latino America at the
Smithsonian.” 6/23/98 through 8/28/98.

Heather Bain, Bachelor’s Candidate, Centre College. Domes-
tic Life. To assist with research on the Ipswich House ex-
hibit at the National Museum of American History. 1/5/98
through 1/13/98.

Stacy Baird. Smithsonian Without Walls. Intern will provide
research support for Revealing Things, an online exhibit
about the material culture of personal possesions. 11/17/97
through 4/1/98.

Maurita Baldock, Bachelor's Degree. Archives. Intern will as-
sist in the Archives at NMAH, helping with the advertis-
ing of the history collections. 3/2/98 through 8/31/98.

Nicole Barnard, Bethel College. Intern will assist a graduate
research fellow with research for doctoral thesis on New
York City. 2/9/98 through 4/30/98.

Kristin Bauersfeld, Master's Degree, University of Pittsburgh.
Photographic History. Intern will research industrial
photography and assist with planning for an exhibit on
photography and motion. 5/11/98 through 8/31/98.

Melanie Beederman, Bachelor's Candidate, American Univer-
sity. Social History. Intern will assist with collection, ex-
hibition, and research work in the Reform Movement
collection. 5/20/98 through 8/21/98.

Shannon Bell, Bachelor’s Degree, University of California
Berkeley. Costume. Intern will research Hispanic designers
Luis Extevez an Antonio de Castillo’s influence on
American fashion. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Suzanne Bell, Master's Candidate, USM. Internships and Fel-
lowships. Use collections at the National Archives and
Library of Congress and collect, transcribe, and collate data
on cotton gin manufacturers on microfilm and original
media. 3/30/98 through 5/29/98.

Katricia Bennett, Bachelor's Candidate, Howard University.
Intern will explore the contemporary constructions of race
and culture, and examine the designations of racial
categories in the 2000 census. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Shannon Berry, Master's Candidate, University of Missouri—
Columbia. Costume and Textiles. 6/8/98 through 7/9/98.

Tad Blacketer, Bachelor’s Candidate, Knox College. To assist a
fellow in researching silent Western films. This involves re-
searching archival film stock and newspapers form the rurn
of the century. 9/16/97 through 12/19/97.

Janae-Sharee Breiner, Bachelor's Degree, Appalachian State
University. Cultural History. Research on artifacts in the
Cultural History Collections, as well as on a specific

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athlete's acheivement within the social context of the
period for an exhibition. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Christopher Brown, Bachelor's Candidate, Bowie State Univer-
sity. Computer Science. Intern will assist with help calls
and networking in the computer service dept. 6/8/98
through 8/31/98.

Corey Tronnier Brown, Bachelor's Candidate, University of
the South. Intern will assist the “Rock and Soul” team and
will research the history of music in Memphis. 5/26/98
through 8/8/98.

Craig Patrick Campbell, High School Student, Good Counsel
High School. Intern will help the numismatics department
catalogue and organize Confederate Civil War currency by
maker, type of paper, series, etc. 7/13/98 through 6/15/98.

Nathan Campbell, Master's Candidate, University of Mis-
souri—Columbia. Social History. Intern will research the
cultural meaning of “home” in America for the exhibition
“After the Revolution.” 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Dana Caplan, Bachelor's Candidate, Smith College. Archives
Center. Princeton Posters research project. 9/8/98 through
12/17/98.

Eric Chin, Bachelor's Candidate, University of California—
San Diego. Aid in the research of project concerning adver-
tising in America; work in SI libraries and Library of
Congress obtaining necessary resources. 9/17/98 through
12/4/98.

Gina Cincorta, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Notre
Dame. External Affairs. Coordinating a project to develop a
licensed museum product to be sold in the gift shop. Will
work with curatorial staff and assist with special events and
public relations work. 8/25/98 through 12/9/98.

Christy Coleman, Bachelor's Candidate, Skidmore College. In-
tern will conduct a 1910/1920 census search for women
working for the California Perfume Company, and assist
with updating the Intern Orientation Handbook. 6/15/98
through 8/15/98.

Josephine Cooper, Bachelor's Candidate, Portland State
University. Study coronary mortality in the rwentieth cen-
tury due to heart attacks (w/o a stroke) with an emphasis on
cases since 1948. 10/3/97 through 12/3/97.

Randall Craft, Bachelor's Candidate, Georgetown University.
Research for the Nobel Prize 2000 project. 1/29/98 through
6/1/98.

William Crane, Bachelor's Candidate, George Washington
University. Research housing development and gender is-
sues in the United States. 10/9/97 through 12/31/97.

Elwyn Crawford, Bachelor's Candidate, Smith College. Ar-
chives Center. Researching part of the Scurlock Studio Col-
lection. 9/8/98 through 12/18/98.

Emily Crow, Bachelor's Candidate, University of the South.
Intern will assist with production of Blue Guitar exhibit,
and CD of Native American women’s music. 5/27/98
through 7/24/98.

Jose Delannoy-Pizzini, University of Puerto Rico. Archives
Center. To learn about care for archival audiovisual

materials, including film, video and audio tapes. 10/6/97
through 11/28/97.

Laura Diener, Bachelor's Candidate, Vassar College. Costume
Conservation. Work with collection of WWI women’s
uniforms in photography, cataloging, rehousing, and con-
servation. 6/10/98 through 8/28/98.

Patricia Donnellan, Bachelor's Candidate, University of
Michigan. Information Technology. Intern will assist with
the Computerworld/Smithsonian Award Program. 5/11/98
through 8/7/98.

Kevin Donovan, Bachelor's Candidate, Mary Washington
College. Intern/Fellows Office. Conduct newspaper research
at Library of Congress. 8/25/98 through 12/3/98.

Antoinette Douglas, Montgomery College. Intern will assist
with Duke Ellington program. 2/18/98 through 5/15/98.

Styron Douthit, Master’s Candidate, University of Central
Oklahoma. Archives. Intern will gain experience with
processing, describing, safeguarding and managing oral
history collections. 3/16/98 through 7/31/98.

Elizabeth Dunton, Bachelor's Candidate, Smith College. So-
cial History. Assisting Harry Rubenstein in the Political
History collection in the Department of Social History.
Will assist in producing preliminary finding guide to
Reform Movements collections. 9/8/98 through 12/18/98.

Arna Edmundsdottir, Bachelor's Candidate, Montgomery Col-
lege. Program Planning and Design. Learning the firsthand
process of exhibition planning and design. Attaining a
working knowledge of some of the technical skills required
of designers, as well as an understanding of the need for
critical thinking and the value of collaborative work.
9/9/98 through 12/9/98.

Margo Edwards, Bachelor's Degree, Rice University. Social
History. Intern will study American social history and
assist with the maintenence and creation of exhibits.
2/17/98 through 5/29/98.

D. Eric Ellis, Bachelor's Degree, Walla Walla College.
Science, Information and Technology. Intern will be work-
ing with the solid-state artifacts and documents collection
in the Department of Information, Science and Technology.
4/20/98 through 8/1/98.

Rachel Erekson, Bachelor's Degree, Knox College. Social History.
Researching twentieth-century Hispanic American designers,
specifically Adolfo; participating in and researching other
projects including the Gadsby Tavern program and a teacher's
lounge; and assisting in organizing files and information for
the archives. 9/8/98 through 11/25/98.

Emily Filler, High School Student, Ovid-Elsie High School.
Cultural History. Intern will assist with the production of
the Smithsonian Jazz Masterworks Orchestra. 6/10/98
through 7/19/98.

Natalia Fitzgerald, Bachelor’s Candidate, University of Vir-
ginia. Complete two research notebooks on the medical-
and popular-press-based coverage of the 1916-17 typhus
epidermic. She will also familiarize herself with aspects of
the Vidal exhibition process. 6/17/98 through 7/31/98.

Douglas Flandro, Bachelor's Degree, Brigham Young University
Office of Public Services. Intern will assist with production
and execution of public programs, review and amend existing
PR databases, and undertake tasks relared to exhibit mainten-
ance and production. 3/16/98 through 12/30/98.

Jessica Flintoft, Bachelor's Candidate, Cornell University.
Domestic Life. Assist with projects in the Division of
Domestic Life. Will study punchboards, petty gambling
games, and their place in American culture. 1/26/98
through 5/15/98.

Emily Forester, Bachelor's Candidate, Wesleyan University.
Program in African American Culture. Intern will research
the socioeconomic status of contemporary African
American communities. 6/1/98 through 7/31/98.

Elliot Freeman, Bachelor's Candidate, George Washington
University. Research on silent Western films, especially
those directed by Cecil B. deMille. 10/14/97 through
12/12/97.

David Georgen, High School Student, George C. Marshall
High School. Electricity and Modern Physics. Intern will
place information gathered by the Chips program on the
Web. 6/25/98 through 12/31/98.

Matt Gernstein, Master's Canididate, George Washington
University. Public Services. Intern will assist with writing
papers, research, fact checking and other tasks as they relate
to the book Lies Across the Landscape. 5/18/98 through 8/31/98.

Christina Glengary, Bachelor's Degree, American University.
Archives. Intern will conduct research on French organiza-
tions that made posters during WWI and WWII. 2/12/98
through 5/1/98.

Rebecca Gordon, Bachelor's Candidate, Smith College. Social
History. Research the social history of museum artifacts
and archives. 9/8/98 through 12/17/98.

Anna Gorski, Bachelor's Candidate, University of California
Santa Cruz. Research on perceptions of Mexico and
Mexicans at the turn of the century. 4/1/98 through 6/15/98.

Jay Grinstead. Assist with research and collections on the
National Museum of Industrial History project. 9/30/97
through 4/1/98.

Sarah Grogan, Bachelor's Degree, Connecticut College. Cul-
tural History. Intern will assist with a documentary on the
history of American wire making and with the production
of a book on American Indian history. Intern will also assist
with the production of a concert of Native American
music. 11/29/98 through 7/29/98.

Heidi Hackford, Doctoral Candidate, American University.
Science, Medicine and Society. Preliminary work on the
Bodyworks exhibition. /26/98 through 3/1/99.

Brian Hairston, Bachelor's Candidate, Hampton University.
Intern will explore the sociology and culture of athletics
amoung Black Americans. 6/1/98 through 8/8/98.

Kate Halamay, Bachelor's Candidate, Smith College. Social
History. Researching the reasons behind the dramatic
change in fashion between 1790 and 1820 in America (in
the costume collection of NMAH). 9/8/98 through 12/17/98.

119

Kia Hall, Sarah Lawrence College. Dept. of African American
History and Culture. Intern will analyze comtemporary
Black literary themes in the U.S., South America and
Africa. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Peter Hannah, Bachelor's Candidate, University of California—
San Diego. Cultural History. Sports and Leisure History:
Background research and some basic data entry on history
of exercise and exercise machines in the U.S. Involves
research on inventors, patents, sports, gymnasiums, body
images, and medical practice. 9/15/98 through 12/5/98.

Thomas Harbison, Bachelor’s Candidate, Duke University.
Lemelson Center. Intern will research potential “Innovative
Lives” presenters, help develop “Meet the Inventor” for the
robot docent program and work in the Hands on History
room. 6/1/98 through 7/31/98.

Casey Harton, Bachelor’s Candidate, University of California—
Santa Cruz. Assisting a fellow in the writing of Lies Across
the Landscape: What Our History Markers, Memorials, and
Museums Got Wrong, working on many small research
projects. Work involves typical historical scholarship on
secondary sources at the Library of Congress as well as
people, the census, internet resources, and historic sites.
9/23/98 through 11/8/98.

Thomas Hayden, Bachelor's Candidate, Hiram College. Cul-
tural History. Intern will assist with cataloguing in sports
history. 7/6/98 through 7/3/98.

Lynn Heidelbaugh, Master's Candidate, George Washington
University. Domestic Life. Intern will conduct research on a
variety of artifacts in support of upcoming exhibits and
publications. 5/26/98 through 8/18/98.

Christy Hessler, Bachelor's Candidate, Biola University. Interns
and Fellows. Research on mail-order clothes from after the
Civil War until about 1890. 9/4/98 through 12/17/98.

Denise Hirsch, Bachelor's Candidate, Grinnell College.
Science, Medicine, and Society. Working to identify and
describe objects and research on aspects of the Cold War for
a future exhibit. 6/8/98 through 8/15/98.

Lydia Hoffman, Master's Candidate, University of North
Carolina—Chapel Hill. Intern Office. Research Assistant to
Director Patrick Ladden on NMAH annual report. /20/98
through 3/9/98.

Karmael-Elana Holmes, Bachelor’s Candidate, American
University. African American Culture. Intern will research
contemporary African American images on television.
6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

April Howard, Bachelor's Degree, Syracuse University. Con-
duct research for the Duke Ellington Youth Festival. 2/1/98
through 4/28/98.

Andrew Huebner. Public Services. Historical research on
topics ranging from the U.S. Civil War to race relations to
census data to New Mexico history, for James Loewen’s up-
coming book Lies Across the Landscape. 2/5/98 through 5/1/98.

Lisa Hynek, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Northern
Towa. Hands-On-Science Center. Intern will assist with the
development of a Star-Spangled Banner conservation ac-

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tivity for the Hands-On Science Center. 6/9/98 through
7/10/98.

Angela Nicole Irby, Bachelor's Candidate, Brigham Young
University. Intern will research and write on behind-the-
scenes activities at NMAH for use in the NMAH Board
Newsletter, do research on individuals under consideration
for Board membership, and assist with Star-Spangled Ban-
ner Project. 5/4/98 through 8/14/98.

Thomas Jurino. Program Planning. Intern will assist with the
development of an exhibition. Intern will produce concept
drawings and models showing how exhibit space will be
used. 7/13/98 through 9/4/98.

Christina Jacobs, Bachelor's Candidate, American University.
Cultural History. Research for a variety of cultural history
projects including, but not limited to an exhibit on Jim
Henson and a documentary on historically Black colleges.
9/17/98 through 5/31/99.

Jenny Jensen, Master's Candidate, University of Wisconsin—
Eau Claire. Curatorial. Intern will research material on
African American history for a book being produced by
Lonnie Bunch. 6/8/98 through 8/14/98.

Amy Johnson, Master's Candidate, George Washington
University. Cultural History. Research for the piano
project/exhibit. 2/9/98 through 7/31/98.

Ruth Kastner, Doctoral Candidate, University of Maryland.
Office of Fellowships. Nobel Prize exhibit and American
Physical Society history exhibit for APS centennial. 9/8/98
through 3/31/99.

Eric Kelderman. Cultural History. Intern will research the
Duke Ellington Archives and prepare reconstructed scores.
5/20/98 through 9/30/98.

Julie Kidd, Bachelor's Candidate, Columbia College. American
Indians. Photograph and document Native American objects
found in New Mexico. 2/2/98 through 3/1/98.

Dara Kosberg, Bachelor's Candidate, Georgetown University.
Intern will conduct video research for the Nobel Prize ex-
hibit. 2/10/98 through 4/28/98.

April Lambert, Bachelor's Candidate, Johns Hopkins. Intern
will assist with research for Dr. Loewen's book Lies Across
the Landscape. 6/4/98 through 8/15/98.

Natalie Landreth, Master’s Candidate, Harvard College. In-
tern will assist with project for repatriation of Bermuda
shipwreck artifacts. 4/3/98 through 6/30/98.

Deborah Levine, Bachelor's Candidate, Washington Univer-
sity. Medical History. Intern will research medical history
and artificial organs. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Rachel Lille, Bachelor's Candidate, Georgetown University.
Research for Nobel Prize 2000 project. 1/26/98 through
12/31/98.

Debbie Lin, Master’s Candidate, Buffalo State College. Paper
Conservation. Gain paper conservation treatment skills on a
variety of paper objects as she helps to prepare objects for
exhibit and loan. 6/8/98 through 8/21/98.

Antoinette Livramento, Bachelor's Degree, San Fransico Stare
University. Education. Intern will develop the monthly pro-

gram for the series “Our Story.” This will include the crea-
tion of educational materials. 6/22/98 through 8/28/98.

Nell Maceda, High School Student, The Madiera School.
Social History. Sorting through a collection of political
history items using a critical eye to identify the best pieces
in the collection. 9/23/98 through 5/31/99.

Therese Malmstrom, Bachelor’s Candidate, Vaxjo University.
Intern will work with the Nobel Prize exhibit. 3/2/98
through 4/29/98.

Theresa Mannion, Master’s Candidate, George Washington
University. Director's Office. Intern will update and repack-
age strategic planning materials from 1993-94. Intern will
work with the Capitol Campaign. 5/21/98 through 8/14/98.

Starr Marcello, Bachelor's Candidate, Wesleyan University. In-
tern will assist with research of documents and films for
the project “Hollywood's Good Neighbor Policy and U.S.-
Latin American Relations, 1938-1947.” 6/2/98 through
8/24/98.

Kristine Mauger, Bachelor's Candidate, Malone College. Tech-
nology. Assisting in cataloging objects, arranging
photographic files and doing research in the documentary
collections. Will also be assisting with exhibit work.
9/14/98 through 12/17/98.

Jennifer Mayort, Bachelor's Degree, St. Michael’s College. Pro-
gram Planning and Design. To acquire range of graphic
production experience through hands-on application. To as-
sist in installation of CCN exhibit. 8/24/98 through 12/3/98.

Melissa McAteer, Bachelor's Candidate, Syracuse University.
Internship and Fellowship Office. Design assistant during
fabrication phase of “Communities in a Changing Nation.”
Junior designer in support of program planning and
design. Experience with and exposure to various museum
exhibitions. 5/18/98 through 8/21/98.

Heather McClung, Bachelor's Degree, Marshall University.
Electricity/Modern Physics. Working with approximately
800 patents for various microchips. Entering all of the in-
formation from those patents into a database to be put on
the World Wide Web. 6/3/98 through 6/30/99.

Leticia McDonald, Bachelor's Candidate, Saint Mary’s College.
Research Asst. to John McKiernan-Gonzalez researching medi-
cal records from the U.S./Mexico border, especially the El Pase
entrance, during WWI. 9/14/98 through 12/16/98.

Lindsey Mellon, Bachelor's Candidate, Virginia Tech. Inter-
nship and Fellowship Office. Compiling, editing and
designing the internship book for the National Museum of
American History, “Intern Opportunities.” 5/18/98 through
8/14/98.

Francine Mendoza, Bachelor's Candidate, Wheaton College.
Cultural History. Assist with primary research of govern-
ment documents, print media, and motion pictures for the
“Hollywood's Good Neighbor Policy and U.S.—Latin
American Relations 1938-1947” project. 1/27/98 through
5/15/98.

Lauren Mara Metcalfe, High School Student, Stonewall Jack-
son High School. Education and Public Services. Facilita-

tion of lab and bench activities with the general public in
the Hands-on Science Center. Organization and creation of
complete “back-up” sets for 4-10 boxed activities. 7/27/98
through 8/29/98.

Hope Michelson, Bachelor's Candidate, Georgetown Univer-
sity. Research for the Nobel Prize 2000 project. 1/19/98
through 6/1/98.

Martha Miers, Bachelor's Candidate, Kenyon College. Public Ser-
vices. Intern will conduct research at the Library of Congress,
OSIA, and the National Archives. 5/27/98 through 8/7/98.

Bridget Miller, Bachelor's Candidate, Amherst College. Cul-
tural History. Intern will research movie heroes from the
turn of the century. 6/15/98 through 8/15/98.

Lance Miller, High School Student. Intern will code HTML
for the National Chip Collection. 7/20/98 through 12/30/98.

Colin Moore, Bachelor's Candidate, Swarthmore College. So-
cial History. Intern will research American political history.
6/29/98 through 8/8/98.

Emily Moses, Bachelor’s Candidate, Georgetown University.
Research for Nobel Prize 2000 exhibit. 1/27/98 through
6/1/98.

John Murphy, Master's Candidate, Simmons College. Work-
ing with the archives of the Lemelson Center for Innova-
tion and Invention. 5/1/98 through 7/7/98.

Lee Nagao. Intern will work on a retrospective of the Nobel
Prize and a few of its winners. 5/18/98 through 11/30/98.

Nisha Nair, Bachelor’s Degree, Savannah College of Art and
Design. Design Department. Assist the design department
with the Star-Spangled Banner exhibit. 1/15/98 through
4/30/98.

Emily Neilan, Master's Candidate, Arizona State University.
Working with the Numismatics collection on display for
two weeks and with the Chip collection in Electricity and
Modern Physics for four weeks. 6/16/98 through 8/1/98.

Catherine Nichols. Cultural History. Reorganize collection of
35mm slides and assist with photography of objects in the
Hispanic collection. Also determine which religious ob-
jects are currently on exhibit. 6/09/98 through 8/15/98.

Gerald O'Grady. Graphics (exhibits). To acquire a full range
of graphic production experience through hands-on applica-
tions. To assist in installation of CCN exhibits. Special in-
terst in electronic graphics. 9/1/98 through 5/31/99.

Melissa Obegi. Smithsonian Without Walls. Intern will con-
duct research to support Revealing Things, an online exhib-
tition about the material culture of personal possesions.
11/17/97 through 4/1/98.

Azania Olezene, Bachelor's Candidate, Hampton University.
Intern will work in the graphics dept. on upcoming ex-
hibits for NMAH. 5/11/98 through 8/30/98.

Michaela Orizu, Master's Degree, University of Massachus-
setts-Amherst. Research on Ellington’s “Sacred Concerts.”
11/3/97 through 12/20/97.

Corina Peters. Capital Programs. To assist in the research for
and development of a newsletter for members of the
NMAH Board. 2/10/98 through 5/1/98.

Alexandra Petti, Bachelor's Degree, University of Massachusetts-
Boston. Office of Interns and Fellows. Intern will conduct re-
search for a project involving industrialization, photography,
and consumer culture in the U.S. (1890-1930). Intern will
work in various SI libraries and the Library of Congress.
4/27/98 through 5/29/98.

Molly Pettit, Bachelor's Candidate, Western Kentucky Univer-
sity. Intern will take pictures and help design the internship
book. 6/1/98 through 7/13/98.

Steven Pickford, American University. Education. Train for
and work in the Hands-on History room, assist in the
management of the Hands-on History internship program,
assist with development of primary source material for
teachers, other duties as assigned. 6/8/98 through 8/18/98.

Stanneke Pijpers, Master's Degree, Katholieke Universiteit
Nijmegen. Intern will study the representations of New
York City from 1890-1940. 6/7/98 through 8/2/98.

Geoffrey Pippenger, Bachelor's Degree, Middlebury College.
Researching issues in transnational identities, Pan-Amerian,
etc. 10/13/97 through 1/31/98.

Jamal Pope, Bachelor's Candidate, Howard University.
Graphics. Doing a wide variety of tasks within the graphics
office, including but not limited to installation, layout, and
planning. 9/21/98 through 12/31/98.

Daniel Presler, Bachelor's Candidate, George Mason Univer-
sity. Archives Center. Organize posters and other papers in
the Ella Fitzgerald Collection. 9/16/98 through 12/4/98.

Matthew Putnam, Bachelor's Candidate, Bridgewater State
College. Examining American's view of the Mexican
Revolution of 1910-1920. 2/2/98 through 5/15/98.

Linda Quinn, Bachelor's Candidate, California State Univer-
sity—Northridge. Cultural History. Intern will assist with
production of a CD of Native American women's music,
various film projects, and a virtual exhibit on the Web.
6/1/98 through 7/7/98.

Pamela Reese, Bachelor's Candidate, Weber State University.
Intern will work with the Chip collection, researching
patents and bio sketches. 3/30/98 through 6/12/98.

Pamela Reese, Bachelor's Candidate, Weber State University.
E&MP. Working with the I.C.E. Litigation Series 17 and
creating a science service Web page. 8/1/98 through 12/1/98.

Jen Reznick, Bachelor's Degree, College of William and Mary.
Cultural History. Intern will research and create an annotated
bibliography and verticle file of articles on New Orleans jazz.
6/15/98 through 12/31/98.

Chris Ring, A.A. Candidate, Montgomery College. Digital
Imaging. Assisting with digital imaging project. 9/1/98
through 12/14/98.

Lori Robbins, Master's Candidate, University of Mississippi.
Technology. Intern will research “Rock and Soul” exhibit
and other popular culture projects. 6/1/98 through 7/31/98.

Stacey Rolland, Bachelor's Candidate, Smith College. Science,
Medicine and Society. Women's health organizations and
the history of mammography: to identify and collect
ephemera from women’s health organizations from across

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the country and to research the development of mammog-
raphy technology. 9/8/98 through 12/18/98.

Manfred Roppelt, Master's Candidate, Catholic University of
America. Information, Technology and Sociery. Intern will
work with the numismatics section helping sort Confed-
erate paper money transferred form the Archives. 1/26/98
through 5/10/98.

Alisa Rosen, Master's Candidate, George Washington Univer-
sity. Military History. Intern will process a collection of
military artifacts. 6/3/98 through 9/30/98.

Adam Sachs, Bachelor's Candidate, New York University. Cul-
tural History. Assist in the production of the Smithsonian
Jazz Masterworks Orchestra events in the summer of 1999.
7/7/98 through 7/21/98.

Florencia Sader Sanchez. Cultural History. Learn essential
skills for coordination of onsite and “in community” public
programs by assisting in the production stage of “Encuentros”
Latin America at the Smithsonian. 6/23/98 through 12/31/98.

Tracie Sam, Master's Candidate, George Washington Univer-
sity. History of Technology. Assist with “Between a Rock
and a Hard Place” exhibition and the National Museum of
Industrial History affiliation project. 2/3/98 through
5/10/98.

David Sawyer, Bachelor's Degree, Eastern Michigan Univer-
sity. Cultural History. Research about the Washington
statue by Greenough. 9/10/98 through 12/3/98.

Kelly Scanlon, Bachelor's Candidate, College of William and
Mary. Intern will assist with press releases and media aware-
ness of museum exhibits and events. 6/1/98 through 8/31/98.

Teresa Schiavone, Bachelor's Candidate, College of William
and Mary. Program Planning and Design. Intern will
produce measured drawings and scale models that
demonstrate design intent for “American Legacies” and
“Ipswich House.” 5/26/98 through 8/6/98.

Sally Schmidt, Bachelor's Candidate, Johns Hopkins Univer-
sity. Photographic Archives. Intern will catalog objects,
enter data, and assist in search inquiries. 6/2/98 through
7/9/98.

Harry Schmidt III, Bachelor's Candidate, Georgetown Univer-
sity. Research for the Nobel Prize 2000 project. 1/20/98
through 6/1/98.

Maureen Selle. Public Services. Working in the American His-
tory Internship Office. 9/28/98 through 12/31/98.

Anne Marie Sheeran, Bachelor's Candidate, Georgetown Univer-
sity. Social History. Intern will catalog and conduct research
for reform movement projects. 5/26/98 through 8/26/98.

Cindy Sherman, Bachelor's Candidate, Vassar College. Armed
Forces History. Intern will assist with the cataloging, re-
search and photography of a collection of women's WWII
uniforms. 5/26/98 through 7/31/98.

Michael Sheyahshe-Lell, Bachelor’s Candidate, University of
Oklahoma. Intern will work on a virtual exhibition for
NMAH. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Christina Simms, Bachelor's Degree, Washington and Jeffer-
son College. Cultural History. Intern will rehouse and

catalog sound recordings, and research social history of rock
and soul. 6/22/98 through 12/31/98.

Isha Singleton, High School Student, Madeira School. Help-
ing to coordinate the National Museum of American His-
tory holiday celebration 1998. 9/23/98 through 12/28/98.

Lara Smetana, Bachelor's Candidate, Georgetown University.
Research for the Nobel Prize 2000 project. 1/26/98 through
6/1/98.

Rebecca Smith, Bachelor's Candidate, Amherst College. In-
tern will assist Kathy Goodis with her Ph.D. dissertation
“The Road to Consumption: Outdoor advertising and the
American Cultural Landscape, 1917-1990.” 6/4/98 through
8/31/98.

Jennifer Snyder, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Wiscon-
sin—Eau Claire. Archives. Intern will organize and rehouse
the Maidenform collection. 6/1/98 through 8/21/98.

Amy Sokach, Bachelor’s Candidate, Appalachian State Univer-
sity. Archives. Intern will assist with cataloging, processing
and organizing the Scurlock Studio Collection (including
related registrarial and preservation work). 5/26/98 through
7/3/98.

Alejandra St. Guillen, Bachelor’s Candidate, Wesleyan Univer-
sity. Intern will look at African American museums and his-
torical sites in the U.S. and analyze African American
heritage tourism. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Nicole Stanton, Doctoral Candidate, University of Michigan.
History of Technology. Intern will conduct research for the
“American Legacies” exhibit and related publications.
5/26/98 through 9/7/98.

David Stevens, Bachelor’s Candidate, University of Califor-
nia—Berkeley. Intern will research contemporary contact
between Africans and African Americans. 6/1/98 through
8/7/98.

Denise Stockman. Conservation. Intern will participate ina
pre-conservation internship and will develop an under-
standing of preservation while participating in the opera-
tions of the objects and paper laboratories. 5/20/98 through
1/20/99.

Debra Striek, Bachelor's Candidate, University of California—
Santa Cruz. Cultural History. Exhibit research and exhibit
production of Wiley College, Jim Henson, and many other
projects. 9/30/98 through 12/11/98.

Jennifer Swenson, Bachelor’s Candidate, University of Kansas.
Health Sciences. Intern will research genetic studies in the
health sciences dept. 5/25/98 through 7/25/98.

Ryan Taggart, Bachelor's Candidate, California Polytechnical
Intstitute—San Luis Obispo. Information Technology. In-
tern will give demonstrations on period printing. 6/29/98
through 8/30/98.

Jeanne Tan, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Northumbria
at Newcastle. Social History. Intern will conduct research
for the article “Shape Changing Women, 1775-1815.”
6/17/98 through 8/30/98.

Charles Taragin, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Chicago.
Social History. Intern will research the career of the rwen-

tieth-century designer Freida Dianond. 6/22/98 through
8/28/98.

Dorothy Tate, Master's Candidate, Appalachian State Univer-
sity. Internship and Fellowship Office. Intern will orient
new interns, create and update an intern directory for
musuem staff, and update “Intern Opportunities” for 1998—
1999. 5/20/98 through 7/3/98.

Catharine Telfair, Bachelor's Degree, Macalester College. Cos-
tume Dept. Researching for the First Ladies dresses project.
10/14/97 through 3/29/98.

Torrence Thomas, Bachelor's Candidate, Duke University. Ar-
chives. Intern will assist with the implementation of an
electronics records management program in the Archives,
with attention paid to the Duke Ellington project. 6/1/98
through 8/7/98.

Felicia Thompson, Bachelor's Candidate, University of
Maryland—Baltimore. Archives. Intern will help organize,
process, and catalog the Scurlock Collection (includes
registrarial and preservation work). 5/26/98 through
12/19/98.

Lisa Todd, Howard University. Social History. Collecting data
concerning the dressmaking trade in Baltimore during
1850-1861. 7/1/98 through 12/31/98.

Courtney Tollison, Bachelor’s Candidate, Furman University.
Social History. Intern will assist with research for the
Reform Movements Collections. 6/1/98 through 7/31/98.

Joshua Torrence, Master's Degree, Indiana University of Pen-
nsylvania. Information Technology. Intern will work with
Web page design and collection management. 2/17/98
through 5/17/98.

Alyssa Townsend, Bachelor's Degree, University of Alaska-
Fairbanks. Sports and Leisure. Rehousing of sports collec-
tion, including uniforms. Entry into museum database of
said collection. Various research on rehoused objects.
Preliminary research for an exhibit about Jim Henson.
9/1/98 through 12/31/98.

Jennifer Ulrich, Master’s Candidate, University of Texas—
Austin. Lemelson Center. Intern will process archives deal-
ing with invention and innovation, and will make them
accesible in print and electronic form. 6/1/98 through
8/7/98.

Asta Valentinas, Bachelor's Degree, Thomas Aquinas College.
Medicine. Intern will conduct research for and organize the
“Bodyworks” exhibit. 6/15/98 through 12/31/98.

Shawn Vantree, Master's Candidate, American University. In-
tern will review resources and standards of service at
NMAH. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

James Vincent. Intern/Fellows Office. Assist with research
about U.S. housing policy. 9/1/98 through 12/31/98.

Stephanie Wahl. Conservation. Assisting with costume conser-
vation projects as related to exhiibt and loans and assist
with general operations of costume and textile conservation
lab. 3/3/98 through 6/15/98.

Jennifer Waldron, Bachelor's Degree, College of William and
Mary. Collection Records. Intern will add interfiling to the

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accession files of NMAH without compromising the SI Ar-
chives microfilming project. 6/1/98 through 8/31/98.

Meghan Wallace, Master's Candidate, University of South
Carolina. Internship and Fellowship Office. Intern will
catalog objects for the Napa Valley wineries project. 5/18/98
through 8/1/98.

Vera Hope Walston. Exhibits. Broad experience in all areas of
the graphics department. 4/27/98 through 4/27/99.

David Waltrop, Bachelor's Degree, University of Maryland—
Baltimore. Science, Medicine and Society. Intern will re-
search biological weapons with an emphasis on anthrax.
6/3/98 through 6/1/99.

Mari Webel, Bachelor’s Candidate, Stanford University. Intern
and Fellowship Office. Intern will work with Richard Al-
bourne, researching cultural and religeous history. Intern
will also assist with orientation for new interns. 6/29/98
through 8/28/98.

Dara Weinerman, Bachelor's Candidate, Smith College. History
of Technology. Preparation for an exhibit on the Panama
Canal. 9/8/98 through 12/17/98.

Catherine Weis, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Kansas.
Program Planning and Design. Intern will assist with
design layout and typesetting for the Information Age
exhibit. 6/1/98 through 7/31/98.

Noah Wester, Bachelor's Degree, University of Maryland. Cre-
ate an Internet commercial and guided tour for the Duke
Ellington Collection Web site. 11/4/97 through 5/1/98.

Amanda Whitehead, Bachelor's Degree, Princeton University.
Archives. Intern will assist the American Music Collections
staff with the arrangement and description of the Ray Mc-
Kinley music and ephemera. 6/8/98 through 9/11/98.

Katherine Wolling, Bachelor's Candidate, Juniata College. In-
formation Technology. Intern will assist with the prepara-
tion of a catalog for the calculating machine collection,
assist with sorting psychological documentaion,
photograph geometirc models, and prepare a paper on the
history of math. 6/1/98 through 7/24/98.

Raymond Woodring, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Chi-
cago. History of Technology. Intern will organize a proposal
for an exhibit on conceptions of time travel as it has appeared
in science and mass media. 6/22/98 through 8/28/98.

Andrea Woody, Bachelor's Degree, California State University—
Monterey Bay. Social History. Intern will provide support
for “Rock and Soul: A Social Crossroads.” 5/4/98 through
11/31/98.

Derek Wooten, Master's Candidate, Appalachian State Univer-
sity. Archives. Intern will assist with data collection in
electronic media. 2/23/98 through 4/17/98.

Amy Yeun, Bachelor's Candidate, Duke University. Cultural
History. Intern will assist with the Steinway diaries project
and the Piano 300 project. 6/15/98 through 8/7/98.

Zeng Yuan Yuan, Master's Degree, Catholic University of
America. Cultural History. Intern will assist with an
editorial project on Asian-American artifacts. 6/29/98
through 1/20/99.

124

Laura Zelasnic, Master's Degree, Queens College. Lemelson
Center. Intern will process papers of American inventors.
6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Amber Zitzman, Bachelor's Candidate, West Chester Univer-
sity. Cultural History. Doing background research for two
exhibits, one on the Panama Canal and one on cleaning
sponges. 7/1/98 through 8/31/98.

National Museum of the American Indian

Terry Abrams, Bachelor's Degree, University of Arizona. Pub-
lications. Assisted publications department with the NMAI
Web page through edits, and edited children’s books
bluelines. 2/16/98 through 4/24/98.

Leo Carpenter, Bachelor's Candidate, Humbolt State Univer-
sity. Photo Archives. Assisted staff with general cataloging
and duplication requests. Learned photocopy work and
details of digital photo documentation of objects from
collection. 6/o1/98 through 8/07/98.

Brenna Clani, Bachelor's Candidate, Stanford University.
Public Affairs. Assisted dept. by making contacts with
media regarding national press for museum. Wrote one
article for museum newsletter and assisted in editing all
other written materials. 3/30/98 through 5/19/98.

Beata Dolina, Bachelor's Degree, Hofstra University. Will
work with phoco staff on scheduled projects—copy work,
archive slides, produce reproductions and research new ex-
hibits. 10/6/97 through 12/12/97.

Emil Her Many Horses, Bachelor's Degree, Augustana Col-
lege. Survey of the South Dakota Sioux Collection. Intends
to study traditional design of bead and quill work so the
knowledge can be shared with presentday artisans. 9/8/97
through 5/30/98.

Jamie Hunt, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Iowa.
Facilities Planning. Assist staff architect on all activity
regarding the new museum on the mal! and with the con-
struction of Cultural Resources Center in Suitland, Md.
6/1/98 through 7/31/98.

Marion Jones, Bachelor’s Candidate, Tulane University. Ex-
hibits. To assist in organization of Our Universe exhibit, a
component of the NMAI permanent exhibition for the
musuem on the mall. 9/11/98 through 12/4/98.

Dean Kinnerson, Master's Candidate, University of Nevada—
Reno. Assisted Jim in researching content for the Spirit
Capture: Masterwork Photographs exhibit to open Fall
1999 in New York. Researched NMAI collection, LOC col-
lection, and NMNH Anthropology Archives. 6/1/98
through 8/7/98.

Jonella Larson, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Alaska—
Fairbanks. Conservation/Collections Mgmt. Will spend
equal time with collections management, conservation and
registration departments, performing duties in each of
those areas. 9/08/98 through 11/20/98.

Sooja Lee, Bachelor’s Candidate, Queens College. Exhibitions.
Assisted with graphic projects from design through produc-

tion of the Kuna exhibit. Developed logo and misc. work
on the “All Roads Are Good” show, and designed intern
poster for recruicment of Exhibits intern positions. 5/13/98
through 10/2/98.

Michelle McCovey, Master’s Candidate, California Polytechni-
cal Institute, San Luis Obispo. A part of all activity related
to the new museum on the mall, but especially to the Cul-
tural Resources Center in Suitland, Md. Research ideas for
fountain design and attended all meetings and onsite ac-
tivity. 2/2/98 through 5/29/98.

Miles Miller, Bachelor's Candidate, Insticute of American In-
dian Art. Collections Mgmt. Assisted staff by returning ob-
jects and pulling objects used by staff. Rehoused the entire
long weapons collection. Was on hand as support staff for
all NAGPRA visits to collection. 6/19/98 through 8/21/98.

Hugo Naranjo, Bachelor's Degree, Strayer College. Member-
ship. To study methods to attract new members for the
Office of Membership Services, especially the Spanish-
speaking public of the greater Washington, D.C. area.
V/12/98 through 3/20/98.

Patrick Natseway, Master's Degree, Memphis College of Art.
Exhibits. Assisted with research for ideas and content for
NMAI permanent exhibition for museum on the mall.
Research focused on the role of the contemporary artist in
exhibits. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Michaela Niero, Master's Candidate, University of Rochester.
Conservation. Preparing objects for two different exhibi-
tions: The Horse in Plains Indian Art and Spirit Capture:
Masterwork Photography. Will examine, document, treat
and prepare some internal mounting for objects. 6/1/98
through 8/7/98.

Saza Osawa, Bachelor's Candidate, Evergreen State College.
Film & Video Center. Assist in the development of the
Native Networks Web site by acquiring information on
Native media makers and organizations in Latin America,
also assist in the arrangements for the Living Voices radio
series. 6/22/98 through 8/14/98.

Karen Oughtred, Master's Degree, Antioch University. Educa-
tion. Assist in creating curriculum for elementary school
children for the annual museum play, “Harvest Ceremony:
Beyond the Thanksgiving Myth.” Also drafted evaluation
forms for audience. 6/01/98 through 8/07/98.

David Ramos, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Alaska,
Anchorage. Will assist Collections Management with
rehousing of objects, making mounts, etc. Will assist
curatorial staff with records on Tlingit specific objects.
10/6/97 through 12/12/97.

Elizabeth Robertson, Bachelor's Degree, Queens University.
Conservation. Assisting staff with cleaning, documenting,
stabilizing objects in collection as part of ongoing conserva-
tion efforts, exhibit use, or for the upcoming move of the
collection to Maryland. 10/01/98 through 12/31/99.

Molly Senior, Bachelor's Candidate, Bemidji State University.
Education. Assisted with the compilation of visitor respon-
ses/evaluations to the GGHC for the last four years. Helped

to write summary report and modify new evaluations.
6/o1/98 through 8/07/98.

Monica Shah, Master's Candidate, University of Delaware—

Winterthur. Conservation. Preparing objects for two exhibi-
tions, The Horse in Plains Indian Art and Spirit Capture:
Masterwork Photography, through examination, documen-
tation, treatment, and internal mounting. 6/1/98 through
8/7/98.

Monica Tate-Melendez, Bachelor’s Candidate, Rutgers Univer-

sity. Cultural Resources. Provide resources/research list on
the Taino culture for possible inclusion in permanent ex-
hibition in the mall museum. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Randy Teton, Bachelor’s Candidate, University of New

Mexico. Conservation. Preparing objects; includes examina-
tions, documentations, internal mountings, cleaning for
two different exihibitions, The Horse in Plains Indian Art
and Spirit Capture: Masterwork Photography. 6/1/98
through 8/7/98.

Benjamin West, University of Southern California. Intern

drafted a news release regarding the intern program at
NMAI, and helped to “clean up” the internship mailing
list. 7/7/98 through 8/14/98.

Nathan Young, Bachelor's Candidate, Oklahoma University.

Exhibitions. Assisted with the exhibition planning for the
new NMAI museum on the Mall by organizing research
materials, books, paper files, and database information. Par-
ticipated in all planning discussions for the exhibit. 6/1/98
through 8/7/98.

National Museum of Natural History

Keri Bartok, Master’s Candidate, American University. Public
Affairs. Assist Public Relations activities by writing ar-
ticles, updating press materials, handling media inquiries
and acting as a liason between news and entertainment
media and the museum. 1/14/98 through 5/30/98.

Erin Beatty, Master's Candidate, University of Colorado—
Boulder. Invertebrate Zoology. Intern will assist with the
physical curation, inventory, and data standardization of
the NMNH collection of genus Tryonia (Spring Snail).
6/1/98 through 7/3/98.

Emily Bonifay, Bachelor’s Candidate, Ohio University. Public
Affairs. Intern will assist with daily media inquiries, assist
with the maintence of the print, TV and radio database, es-
cort film crews in the museum and reorganize the press
slide collection. 7/7/98 through 8/21/98.

Nathan Bowden, Master's Candidate, George Washington
University. MSC. Intern will prepare specimens for analysis
in stable light isotope laboratory. 3/6/98 through 6/6/98.

Richelle Brown, High School Student, Thomas Jefferson
High School. Mammals. Evidences of injury and pathology
in the skeletons of bottlenose dolphins. 9/18/98 through
1/30/98.

Matthew Finarelli, Bachelor’s Degree, Duke University.
OIPPS. Creating and expandiong a photo database within

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the Natural History Museum. Assisting any of the OIPPS
staff with their daily duties. 9/28/98 through 12/31/98.

Maximiliano Gomez, Montgomery College. Biodiversity.
Intern will assist with research carried out for the long-
term monitoring of the Estacion Biological Del Beni,
Bolivia. 3/2/98 through 5/15/98.

Rose Green, High School Student, Barrie School. Paleobiology.
Intern will assist with the photographic documentation of
late Paleozoic plant fossils representing the transition from
the ice age to global greenhouse climates. 6/9/98 through
7/31/98.

Thomas Hanlon, NVCC. Paleobiology. Intern will study
Paleoclimate assesments using sedimentary cores taken
from Lake Issy-Kul in Krelykstan, Central Asia. 4/1/98
through 12/31/98.

Jennifer Hembree, Bachelor’s Degree, George Washington
University. Will compile River Basin Survey data in order
to correlate relationship between excavations/surveys done
and the collections and reports housed at the Smithsonian.
10/27/97 through 1/7/98.

Amanda Jay, Bachelor's Candidate, Bradford University.
Public Programs. Intern will help develop exhibits, includ-
ing exhibits on human evolution, ancient Egypt, and post-
Neolithic Europe. 2/9/98 through 8/28/98.

Christina Jones, Bachelor's Candidate, George Mason Uni-
versity. Exhibits. Intern will assist with filmography for
the NMNH exhibit Forces of Change. 1/21/98 through
5/13/98.

Steven Keegstra, Bachelor's Candidate, University of
Maryland—College Park. ADP. Primary duties include map
and database construction, editing, involvement in
programming and discussion on GIS project implimenta-
tion. Will be assigned to new projects in archaeology,
botany, invertebrate zoology, geology and paleobiology, as
needed. 8/13/98 through 12/31/98.

Sarah Kessler, High School Student, Germantown Friends
School. Process and description of the William O. Field
Photograph Collection. 1/5/98 through 1/30/98.

Amy Kim, Bachelor's Candidare, Carleton College. Fishes. Intern
will inventory the fish illluscration collection and assist with
reproductions of original works for Web sites. 6/15/98 through
8/21/98.

Kimberly Lawson, Institute of American Indian Arts. Intern
will assist with organizing the Division of Mound Explora-
tion records. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

David Lewis, Master's Candidate, University of Oregon. In-
tern will assist with the Southwest Oregon research project.
7/1/98 through 8/25/98.

Elisabeth Linington. Public Affairs. Intern will assist with
media inquiries, film crews and mailings of press materials.
1/14/98 through 6/14/98.

Becky Malinsky, Bachelor's Candidate, American University.
Anthropology. Intern will conduct documentary research
on Southwest Indian drawings in the National
Anthropological Archives. 6/2/98 through 8/31/98.

126

Kimberlee McGrath, Bachelor’s Candidate, Bucknell Univer-
sity. Intern will research repatriation for Mohegan funerary
customs and material culture. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Alexander Milas, Bachelor’s Candidate, George Mason Univer-

. sity. Intern will assist with database management and with
the rehousing of the Paleoindian collection. 5/18/98 through
9/9/98.

Denise Mitchel, Master’s Candidate, University of Oregon.
Intern will conduct research for the Western Oregon
Indians project. 7/1/98 through 8/25/98.

Sean Montague, Bachelor's Degree, Memorial University of
Newfoundland. Anthropology. Intern will assist the Arctic
Studies Center with the Labrador exhibit. 2/23/98 through
6/12/98.

Min Thu Myo. Anthropology. Intern will research and study
the W.L. Abbot collection from the Thai—Burma border.
6/1/98 through 8/14/98.

Michele Nava, Bachelor’s Candidate, University of Hawaii.
Anthropology. Intern will research the bibliographic and
photographic archives pertaining to the Philippine eth-
nological collections at the NMNH. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Mollie Oremland, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Vir-
ginia. Systematics Lab. Intern will assist with the revision
of Bigelow and Schroeder's “Fishes of the Gulf of Maine.”
5/26/98 through 8/28/98.

Svea Rodgers, Bachelor's Degree, University of Montana—
Missoula. Exhibits. Digital photography of Rocks exhibit
for Web sire and electronic video; aid in exhibit installation
and graphics. 9/9/98 through 12/9/98.

Joy Rohde, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Chicago.
Anthropology. Intern will collate documents relating to the
Bureau of American Ethnology under John Wesley Powell.
6/22/98 through 8/28/98.

Carolyn Shannon, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Ok-
lahoma. Anthropology. Intern will assist with the assem-
bling of archival data for repatriation evaluations. 6/1/98
through 8/15/98.

Vicki Simon, Montgomery College. Anthro/Handbook. Assist-
ing with illustration research on the Plains and Southeast
volumes. Also working with her supervisor on various re-
search projects relating to historical N. American Indian
photography. 9/22/98 through 12/31/98.

Brooke Sperling, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Califor-
nia—Santa Barbara. Repatriation. Complete and analyze a
thorough catalog of the brain collection in the NMNH and
research the social history of the autopsy to obtain a good
background on the collection. 9/15/98 through 12/4/98.

Mariah Steinwinter, High School Student, Sidwell Friends
School. Botany. Intern will prepare illustrations for the ar-
chives, database entry, and scan for the online botanical
catalog. 5/11/98 through 6/5/98.

Susannah Stevens, Bachelor’s Candidate, Carleton College.
Education. Intern will work in the Discovery Room and as-
sist staff with the development of educational projects.
6/18/98 through 8/31/98.

Sarah Trabucchi, Bachelor's Candidate, Smith College.
Anthropology. Research on individual photographs
selected for The Handbook of North American Indians, Plains
volume. 9/8/98 through 12/17/98.

Janina O’Bnen Trent, Master's Candidate, George Washington
University. Photography. Intern will create archival photo-
graphic collections documenting physical anthropology
projects by Chip Clark and Doug Owsley. 3/1/98 through
s/15/98.

Mackenzie Tysell, Bachelor’s Candidate, University of Califor-
nia Davis. Anthropology. Intern will be working with the
ASC and Canadian authorities in Newfoundland to analyze
and safely return artifacts previously loaned to the Smith-
sonian. 4/1/98 through 6/30/98.

R. Carlton Ward, Bachelor's Degree, Wake Forest University.
OIPPS. Digitizing biological photographs collected by
Smithsonian photographers to form a biodivesity database that
will be available via the Internet. 9/1/98 through 12/18/98.

National Museum of Natural History—Research
Training Program

Deokie Arjoon, Master’s Candidate, University of Guyana.
Botany. Intern will conduct a GIS analysis of the fish of
Guyana. 5/23/98 through 8/2/98.

Joseph Bagby, Bachelor's Candidate, Gilford College.
Anthropology. Intern will conduct field research in Mexico.
5/18/98 through 7/26/98.

Amy Kathryn Barbour, Bachelor’s Candidate, Oberlin Col-
lege. Reorganizing the Bellerophont collection. 1/6/98
through 1/30/98.

Jessica Cafarella, Bachelor's Candidate, Duke University.
Anthropology. Study scurvy in pre-adult human fossil
remains from the American Southwest. 1/12/98 through
6/15/98.

Christopher Claflin, Bachelor’s Candidate, George
Washington University. Mineral Sciences. Intern will con-
duct a systematic study of amphibole-bearing granite peg-
matites to test the significance of certain amphiboles as
petrogenetic indicators. 5/23/98 through 8/2/98.

Ashley Cramer, Bachelor's Candidate, University of New
Mexico. Entomology. Intern will work on the description
of Argyrotzienai (Insecta:Lepidoptera:Tortricidae). 5/25/98
through 8/2/98.

Jennifer Fairchild, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Wash-
ington. Invertebrate Zoology. Intern will study the develop-
ment and distribution of paralarual Illex condetti in the
northern Gulf of Mexico. 5/23/98 through 8/2/98.

Gregory Fuller, High School Student, Barrie School. Mineral
Sciences. Separtate minerals from volcanic ashes from
Colima Volcano, Mexico. These will be used to dare the
ashes using the 40AR/39AR method. 7/98 through 3/4/98.

Rose Green, High School Student, Barrie School. Anthropology.
Study variation of the human mandible between genders.
V/7/98 through 3/4/98.

Stephen Hardy, Bachelor’s Candidate, Kansas University.
Public Programs. Intern will research and report on fund-
ing opportunities with government agencies for programs
related to global change and will research educational out-
reach programs. 6/9/98 through 7/26/98.

Paul Harnik, Bachelor's Candidate, Oberlin College. Work on
a statistical survey of the morphology of the genus Pecop-
teris. 1/6/98 through 1/30/98.

Sara James, Bachelor's Candidate, College of William and
Mary. Mineral Sciences. Intern will use minerals and glass
to understand volcanic eruptions at the Arenal volcano in
Costa Rica. 5/23/98 through 8/2/98.

Tristan Kimbrell, Bachelor's Candidate, Kansas State Univer-
sity. Ornithology. Intern will help develop an new method
for assessing the age of black-chroated blue warblers by
using cross sections of the long-bones of birds of a known
age to investigate the association between endosteal
deposits and age. 5/26/98 through 8/2/98.

Wanda Lewis, Bachelor's Candidate, New Mexico State
University. Anthropology. Intern will be involved in
reconstructing morphological characteristics of the human
face by analyzing key points on the skull. 5/23/98 through
8/2/98.

Andrea Lord, Bachelor's Candidate, George Washington
University. Anthropology. Intern will work with the conser-
vation and rehousing of the human skeletal collections.
3/25/98 through 5/8/98.

Molly Markey, Bowling Green State University. Paleobiology.
Intern will sample and identify early Cretaceous For-
minifera with respect to paleobiology. 5/25/98 through
8/2/98.

Arturo Marquez-Alamedz, Master's Candidate, Northern
Arizona University. Anthropology. Intern will assist with
the creation of a consortium of institutions interested in
developing research/educational programs on the anthropol-
ogy of Northern Mexico. 5/20/98 through 8/17/98.

Svetlana Maslakova, Bachelor's Candidate, Moscow State
University. Invertebrate Zoology. Intern will analyze litera-
ture and specimens to test a hypothesis on the phylogenetic
relationships between several nemerteans. 5/23/98 through
8/2/98.

Colleen McLinn, Bachelor’s Candidate, Eckerd College.
Anthropology. Intern will study animal domestication and
its agricultural impacts in the ancient Near East. 5/23/98
through 8/2/98.

Sean Menke, Bachelor’s Candidate, University of Minnesota.

. Intern will study the morphological variation among
species of the flatfish family Soleidae located in the East In-
dian Ocean. 5/23/98 through 8/2/98.

Cristiano Moreira, Bachelor's Candidate, University De
Federal do Rio De Janeiro. Vertebrate Zoology. Intern will
study the neotropical characids subfamily Iguanodectimae.
5/23/98 through 8/2/98.

Thinley Namgyel, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Wis-
consin—Madison. Botany. Intern will conduct a phylogen-

127

tic and biogeographical analysis of the Himalayan genus
Cautleya. 5/23/98 through 8/2/98.

Michelle Nestlerode, Bachelor's Candidate, University of
North Carolina—Willmington. Invertebrate Zoology.
Intern will evaluate a 20-year-old sponge collection from
the mid-Atlantic coast to look for changes in sponge diver-
sity. 5/23/98 through 8/2/98.

Scott Owens, High School Student, Eastern Senior High
School. Botany. Help with inventory of endangered and
threatened plant species. 3/1/98 through 5/30/98.

Matthew Palmer, Bachelor's Candidate, Brigham Young
University. Paleobiology. Intern will evaluate the intensity
and type of insect herbivory on Eocene Flora from
Republic, Washington. 5/23/98 through 8/2/98.

Jonathan Porter, Bachelor's Candidate, Washington Univer-
sity. Anthropology. Intern will process 1933 African film
footage from the Julius and Dorette Fleischman Collection
and the Daniel Freedman Collection. 6/1/98 through
7/26/98.

Debra Ann Prince, Master's Candidate, George Washington
University. Anthropology. Intern will identify and catalog
stone tool artifacts from the middle Stone Age site of
Katanda, in central Africa. 3/1/98 through 5/15/98.

Tomasz Prosynski, Bachelor's Candidate, Warsaw University.
Entomology. Intern will conduct a morphological study of
posterior eye tapeta in salticidae. 5/23/98 through 8/2/98.

Reyna Romero, Bachelor's Candidate, New Mexico State
University. Invertebrate Zoology. Intern will compare spon-
ges from the Carolina coast from the early 1980s and today
to determine changes in sponge diversity. 5/23/98 through
8/2/98.

Ellen Rosenshein, Bachelor's Candidate, Binghamton Univer-
sity. Mineral Sciences. Intern will seek to study the
mechanisms by which asteriods melted in the early history
of the solar system. 5/23/98 through 8/2/98.

Rudyard Sadleir, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Iinois—
Chicago. Paleobiology. The student will test whether rapid
burial of corals leads to better preservation than of those chat
remain on the sea floor after death. 5/23/98 through 8/2/98.

Sandra Saluke, Bachelor's Candidate, Cornell University. En-
tomology. Intern will describe a new species of Elaphria. In-
secta:Lepidopetera: Noctuidae. 5/23/98 through 8/2/98.

Heidi Renee Shoup, Bachelor's Degree, Ohio State University.
Vertebrate Zoology. Intern will compile exhisting mor-
phological and molecular data with new morphological
data to contest competing hypotheses about the phylogonee
of cyprinodontifrom fish. 5/23/98 through 8/2/98.

James Skoy, Bachelor's Candidate, Brigham Young University.
Mammals. Intern will study the distribution and evolution
of porcupine rats in the Bocas Del Toro Islands in Panama.
5/23/98 through 8/2/98.

Shannon Stackhouse, Bachelor’s Candidate, Harvard Univer-
sity. Anthropology. Intern will study the effects of domes-
tication of animals and development of agriculture on
ancient Near-East civilizations. 5/26/98 through 8/22/98.

128

C. Tristan Stayton, Bachelor’s Candidate, Purdue University.
Paleobiology. Intern will investigate how fossil bird as-
semblages compare to living avian fauna to estimate an-
cient ecosytems. 5/23/98 through 8/2/98.

Kevin Stewart, Bachelor's Candidate, Howard University. En-
comology. Intern will compile and gather resident pest in-
formation and data in order to plan for the move of the
department offices and collections. 5/23/98 through 8/2/98.

Suzannah Stivison, Bachelor's Candidate, College of William
and Mary. Systematics Lab. Intern will assist with a long-
term study of Cephalopod phylogeny. 6/8/98 through
8/14/98.

David Taylor, Bachelor's Candidate, Sam Houston State
University. Botany. Intern will conduct a critical evaluation
of specific relationships within the genus Pitcairnia. 5/23/98
through 8/2/98.

Diana Thiel, Bachelor’s Candidate, University of Deleware.
Paleobiology. Intern will sample and identify foraminifera
near the K/T boundary for differences in species diversity.
5/26/98 through 8/2/98.

Dominica Tolentino, Master's Candidate, George Washington
University. Intern will process, label and create a computer
database of images of physical anthropological objects.
3/4/98 through 5/15/98 .

Allison Wack, Bachelor’s Candidate, Randolph Macon Univer-
sity. Botany. Intern will review the change in distribution
of flora and fauna habitat in Arlington County, Virginia
over the past century. 5/23/98 through 8/2/98.

Moritz Weinbeer, Bachelor’s Candidate, University of
Wuerzburg. Mammals. Intern will study the distribution,
evolution and biogeography of one species of fruit-eating
bat on the Bocas del Toro Islands in Panama. 5/23/98
through 8/2/98.

Maksim Yegoron, Bachelor's Candidate, University of
Michigan. Anthropology. Intern will study weaving prac-
tices and textile technologies of Central Asia. 5/23/98
through 8/2/98.

Cassady Yoder, Bachelor's Candidate, University of New
Mexico. Anthropology. Intern will test the applicability of
the fourth-rib age estimation technique for human skeletal
remains to ribs 2—9. 5/23/98 through 8/2/98.

National Portrait Gallery

Anne Marie Addicott, Bachelor’s Candidate, California
Lutheran University. Assist Public Program Director with
film series and conduct research for “Cultures in Motion”
performances. 10/8/97 through 12/5/97.

Heather Agnello, Bachelor's Candidate, American University.
Graphics/Design & Production. Assist Graphics Office
with projects relating to the Theodore Roosevelt and
Philippe Halsman exhibitions. Will learn silkscreening
process, label fabrication and how exhibits are installed.
9/9/98 through 12/18/98.

Lindsay Bowman, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Vir-
ginia. Intern will assist with the organization and research
of the collection, editing and varifying portrait data and
images, and incorporating data and images into a national
database. 6/29/98 through 7/31/98.

William Brannon. Design & Production. Intern will assist in
the production of two exhibits. Skills Learned: label fabrica-
tion, silkscreening, photo mounting, and some computer
graphics layout programs. Will also be responsible for gallery
checks and cleaning. 12/1/97 through 4/17/98.

Valinda Carroll, Master's Candidate, Buffalo State College.
Conservation. Intern will help with condition reports of
untreated nineteenth and twentieth-century black-and-
white photographs. 6/8/98 through 8/28/98.

Vanessa Curtis, Bachelor's Candidate, Trinity College. Educa-
tion. To research Latino cultures by creating an exhibit that
brings individuals out to experience these cultures through
paintings, lectures, film series and special events. 8/31/98
through 11/30/98.

Francis Fletcher, Bachelor's Degree, College of Wooster.
Education. Duties include biographical research on subject
and artists, editing and verifying data, organizing data and
materials, and incorporating data and images into a nation-
al online database. 2/17/98 through 5/15/98.

Rhonda Gray-Young, Bachelor's Candidate, Mongomery Col-
lege. Office of Education. Participate with staff in high
school classroom presentations and tours in the permanent
collection. Complete a research project with an art history
emphasis that relates to an existing program. Assist with
Living History program presented in conjunction with spe-
cial exhibition. 9/28/98 through 12/18/98.

Ana Cristina Gutierrez, Bachelor's Candidate, Franklin and
Marshall College. Education. Intern will assist the Public
Program Director with the Latino film festival, Culrures in
Motion programs and film series. Also assist with the
Beatles’ courtyard concerts. 5/4/98 through 8/14/98.

Jennifer Harbster, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Califor-
nia—Santa Cruz. Education. Intern will assist the Public
Program Director with the production of Cultures in Mo-
tion programs and film series. 4/6/98 through 6/15/98.

Sarah Harre, Bachelor’s Candidate, Yale University. Peale
Family Papers. Researches Titian Ramsay Peale's participa-
tion on the Wilkes expedition to the South Pacific. Writes
scholarly annotation and headnotes for a documentary his-
tory publishing project. Writes a scholarly research paper
on an aspect of her research. 9/8/98 through 12/23/98.

Brenda Ingersoll. Design and Production. Intern will assist in
the Graphics Department with projects relating to the
Time and Caricatures exhibit. Intern will learn how to
silkscreen and other aspects of exhibit installation. 1/5/98
through 4/27/98.

Zach Intrater, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Chicago.
Curatorial. Work on the Notable Americans exhibition,
starting with the provenance of Mary Cassatt by Degas.
6/22/98 through 8/14/98.

Suzanne Karr, Bachelor's Candidate, Brown University. Intern
will edit and fact-check a Hans Namuth biography. 6/10/98
through 9/1/98.

Mary Mack, Montgomery College. Conduct research for
school and adult services programs on women that made a
significant contributution to the women’s movement.
Colead tours at the National Portrait Gallery. 2/11/98
through 5/15/98.

Eva McGovern, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Nottin-
gham. Painting and Sculpture. Intern will research
photographs and photographers. 6/29/98 through 8/21/98.

Tami Mnoian, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Califor-
nia—Santa Barbara. Assisting Public Programs Director
with programming for “Cultures in Motion” series, and re-
searching films for the NPG weekly film series. 1/6/98
through 3/11/98.

Catherine Nichols, Bachelor's Candidate, Duke University.
Education. Intern will oversee the Summer Intern Conferences
and social events for interns. 6/1/98 through 8/28/98.

Suzannah Niepold, Bachelor's Candidate, Bryn Mawr.
Electronic Research. Intern will indentify and organize
NPG collection images, scan them and manipulate with
imaging software as neccesary for the NPG collections in-
formation system. 6/1/98 through 8/8/98.

Elaine Nuzzaco, Bachelor's Candidate, Brigham Young
University. Intern will assist with stack and staff book in-
ventory, and will help develop a plan for automating the
vertical file collection. 5/18/98 through 8/25/98.

Judith Osborne, Montgomery College. Education. Intern will
assist in the orgainization of the History Hunters Summer
Camp by researching and making copies of original Civil
War letters, and will make contacts with Civil War—related
organizations, reenactors, and designers. 2/24/98 through
5/8/98.

Kristen Peterson, Bachelor's Candidate, Brigham Young
University. Graphics. Silkscreen labels, photo signage,
daily gallery check. 9/9/98 through 12/10/98.

Sarah Petty, Bachelor’s Candidate, Mary Washington College.
Education. Intern will assist the public program director
with the Cultures in Motion program, program notes, and
film series. Assist with the Beatles’ courtyard concerts.
6/15/98 through 8/15/98.

Rebecca Pskowski, High School Student, Richard
Montgomery High School. Education. Intern will conduct
research on an upcoming travelling exhibition organized
by the Department of Photographs. 6/22/98 through
8/14/98.

Hannah Schneider, Bachelor's Candidate, Swarthmore Col-
lege. Peale Family Papers. Intern will conduct a textual and
substantive analysis of a series of articles published by Peale
in the mid-nineteenth century. 5/26/98 through 8/14/98.

Suzanne Sennett, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Mas-
sachusetts—Amherst. Design. Intern will be involved with
design and graphics work for the Roosevelt, Halsman, and
Warhol exhibits. 6/23/98 through 8/31/98.

129

Anna McCoy Smith, Bachelor's Candidate, Salem College. Re-
searching the popular images of Theodore Roosevelt, which
appeared in illustrated magazines and newspapers at the
turn of the twentieth century. 12/27/97 through 1/29/98.

Cambra Stern, Bachelor's Candidate, Tufts University. Photog-
raphy. Inventory and catalog the Portrait Gallery's exten-
sive video collection, creating a database for easy access to
this information. 6/22/98 through 8/7/98.

Christopher Suwyn, Bachelor's Candidate, University of
California—Santa Cruz. Library. Intern will assist with in-
ventory, assist with generating exchange requests for exhibi-
un catalogs, and develop a plan for an automated vertical
file system. 6/29/98 through 8/28/98.

Minako Takahashi, Master's Candidate, George Washington
University. Exhibitions. Intern will assist with assembling
proposal packets, creating and maintaining exhibits history
databases, and archiving files. 5/18/98 through 7/2/98.

Sarah Weisman, Bachelor's Degree, Kenyon College. Peale
Family Papers. In 1998, the Charles Willson Peale Family
Papers revised and submitted for publication, vol. 5, The
Autobiography of Charles Willson Peale. Research begins on
volumes 6 and 7, the children of Charles Willson Peale.
9/21/98 through 12/18/98.

National Postal Museum

Anna Dernbach, Bachelor's Degree, Linfield College. To work
with the exhibits writer/editor in providing background re-
search and concept development for the design ream work-
ing on an upcoming exhibit on postal automation. 1/12/98
through 3/27/98.

Aimee Gee, Bachelor's Candidate, University of California—
Berkeley. Education. Intern will assist with the creation
and conduct of a museum summer camp for middle-school
students. 6/15/98 through 7/31/98.

Lynn Heidelbaugh, Master's Candidate, George Washington
University. To research historical and photographic
materials at departments and museums of the Smithsonian,
the Library of Congress and the National Archives. 1/13/98
through 4/30/98.

Brian Huber, Bachelor's Candidate, Virginia Technical In-
stitute. Education. Intern will assist with the creation and
conduct of a museum summer camp for middle-school stu-
dents. 6/15/98 through 7/10/98.

Lisa Ming-I Liu, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Chicago.
Curatorial. Intern will research the history of Chinese im-
migrants in America in the late nineteenth and early rwen-
tieth centuries. 6/22/98 through 9/11/98.

Travis Riley, Bachelor's Candidate, Wheaton College. Respon-
sible for updating the museum's Web site using informa-
tion, photographs and text provided by the museum's Web
site group. 1/5/98 through 1/23/98.

Jen Smith, Bachelor’s Candidate, Howard University. To be-
come familiar with various aspects of creating and produc-

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ing musuem, historic and lecture programs. 10/4/97
through 5/31/98.

National Zoological Park

Margaret Barse, Bachelor's Degree, Northwestern University.
Public Affairs. Intern will assist with video projects for the
Web site at the NZP. 6/15/98 through 8/15/98.

Christina Bentz, Bachelor's Degree, Coe College. Intern will
assist with the educational programming pertaining to
Neotropical migratory birds. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Jennifer Esposito, Veterinary Doctoral Candidate, Texas A&M
College of Ver. Med. Beaver Valley. Intern will work with
the golden lion tamarins in a free-ranging program. 5/18/98
through 8/15/98.

Katie Flickinger, Bachelor's Degree, University of Mas-
sachusetts. Intern will study mineral appetite in the pygmy
marmoset. 6/8/98 through 8/31/98.

Elise Geldon, Bachelor's Candidate, Princeton University.
FONZ—Membership. 6/15/98 through 8/21/98.

Lisa Griffin, Bachelor's Candidate, Oregon State University.
Horticulcure. Intern will identify trees that are hazardous
to tourists and staff and catalogue exhisting trees in the
landscape. 6/22/98 through 9/11/98.

Katia Jones, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Maryland—
Baltimore County. Nutrition Lab. Intern will study the ef-
fect of nutrition on reproduction in the common marmoset.
6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Daniel Lebbin, Bachelor's Candidate, Duke University.
Animal Records. Intern will develop identification systems
to distinguish between specimens of the same species
without using tags or markings. 5/18/98 through 7/7/98.

Amber Lyons, Bachelor’s Candidate, Unity College. Mam-
mals. Intern will assist with great cats. 5/26/98 through
8/21/98.

Laurie Nelson, Bachelor’s Degree, Cornell University. Intern
will assist with the desert turtle project. 6/1/98 through
8/21/98.

Karhleen Palmer, Bachelor's Degree, Davidson College.
Public Affairs. 6/3/98 through 9/15/98.

Pablo Pedraza, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Puerto
Rico. Amazonia Gallery. Intern will study the interrelation-
ship between art and science. 6/15/98 through 8/20/98.

Danielle Sanders, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Miami.
FONZ—Membership. 6/15/98 through 8/21/98.

Office of Accessibility
Clare Brown, Master's Candidate, George Washington Univer-

sity. To research and revise the Smithsonian's guidelines for
accessibile exhibit design. 1/20/98 through 5/30/98.

Office of Exhibit Central

Kaistin Fuller, Bachelor’s Candidate, Howard University. Assist
in the implementation of activity-based costing accounting
system in an effort to better track overhead costs, direct
materials, and direct labor used in the exhibition processes.
9/18/98 through 5/31/99.

Zaneta Hong, Bachelor's Candidate, Cornell University. In-
tern will organize information concerning internships and
will rotate in the design, editing and modelmaking
divisions. 6/8/98 through 8/31/98.

Andrea Pippins, Bachelor’s Candidate, Temple University.
Graphics. Assisting with the design and preparation of
graphics for exhibits at the Smithsonian. 6/1/98 through
8/7/98.

Ama Schulman, Master's Candidate, University of Maryland.
Fabrication. Working on the Woody Guthrie traveling ex-
hibition. 9/15/98 through 2/28/99.

Office of Fellowships and Grants

Terry Abrams, Bachelor's Degree, University of Arizona.
National Museum of the American Indian. Publications.
2/16/98 through 4/24/98.

Shannon Bell, Bachelor's Degree, University of California
Berkeley. National Museum of American History. Costume.
Intern will research Hispanic designers Luis Extevez’s and
Antonio de Castillo's influence on American fashion. 6/1/98
through 8/7/98.

Katricia Bennett, Bachelor's Candidate, Howard University.
National Museum of American History. Intern will explore
the contemporary constructions of race and culture and
examine the designations of racial categories in the 2000
census. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Christina Bentz, Bachelor's Degree, Coe College. National
Zoological Park. Intern will assist with the educational
programming pertaining to neotropical migratory birds.
6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Idana Bonsi, Master’s Candidate, University of Maryland—
College Park. OPMB. Intern will redesign budget book
and directives review and will develop training materials.
6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Janae-Sharee Breiner, Bachelor’s Degree, Appalachian State
University. National Museum of American History. 6/1/98
through 8/7/98.

Gina Cabrera, Bachelor’s Candidate, University of Virginia.
National Museum of African Art. Intern will work with
the Eliot Elisofon Photographic office. 6/1/98 through
9/7/98.

Nathan Campbell, Master's Candidate, University of Missouri—
Columbia. National Museum of American History. Social
History. Intern will research the cultural meaning of
“home” in America for the exhibition After the Revolu-
tion. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Jennifer Chow, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Virginia.
National Museum of African Art. Education. Intern will
assist with the development of educational materials for the
activity room for the Olowe of Ise exhibit. 6/15/98 through
8/21/98.

Gretchen Dematera, Master's Candidate, H. John Heinz III
School of Public Policy. National Museum of American
Art. Development. Intern will research Capital Campaign
prospects for NMAA. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Brian Hairston, Bachelor’s Candidate, Hampton University.
Intern will explore the sociology and culture of athletics
amoung Black Americans. 6/1/98 through 8/8/98.

Kia Hall, Sarah Lawrence College. National Museum of
American History. Dept. of African American History and
Culture. Intern will analyze comtemporary Black literary
themes in the U.S., South America and Africa. 6/1/98
through 8/7/98.

Ginger Hargett, Bachelor's Candidate, Oberlin College. Office of
the Smithsonian Institution Archives. Intern will develop a
database for anthropological and archaeological records in
the National Anthropological Archives. 6/8/98 through
8/19/98.

Denise Hatcher, Bachelor's Candidate, Iinois State University.
National Museum of African Arc. Intern will research new
African art terms for use in the NMAFA Archives and
Library. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Clyde Higgs, Master's Candidate, East Carolina University.
Office of Sponsored Projects. Intern will edit and update
the Principal Investor's Guide—compiling survey results
and developing financial reports. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Karmael-Elana Holmes, Bachelor's Candidate, American
University. National Museum of Natural History. African
American Culture. Intern will research contemporary
African American images on television. 6/1/98 through
8/7/98.

Katia Jones, Bachelor’s Candidate, University of Maryland—
Baltimore County. National Zoological Park. Nutrition
Lab. Intern will study the effect of nutrition on reproduc-
tion in the common marmoset. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Amy Kim, Bachelor's Candidate, Carleton College. National
Museum of Natural History. Fishes. Intern will inventory
the fish illlustration collection, and assist with reproduc-
tions of original works for Web sites. 6/15/98 through
8/21/98.

Kimberly Lawson, Institute of American Indian Arts. National
Museum of Natural History. Intern will assist with organiz-
ing the Division of Mound Exploration records. 6/1/98
through 8/7/98.

Antoinette Livramento, Bachelor’s Degree, San Fransico State
University. National Museum of American History. Educa-
tion. Intern will develop the monthly program for the
series “Our Story.” This will include the creation of educa-
tional materials. 6/22/98 through 8/28/98.

Adrian Loving, Master's Candidate, University of the Arts.
Education. Create written materials and models geared to

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the educational and outreach needs of elementary school
students and teachers, while considering simple construc-
tion, economical, lightweight and recyclable materials, and
physical accessibility. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Shauna Lukin, Bachelor’s Candidate, University of Alaska—
Fairbanks. National Museum of Natural History. Arctic
Studies Center. Assisting in the development of the
exhibition Looking Both Ways: Heritage and Identity of
the Alutiig people and assisting in the production of an
Alutiigq elder-youth conference. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Kimberlee McGrath, Bachelor’s Candidate, Bucknell Univer-
sity. National Museum of Natural History. Intern will re-
search repatriation for Mohegan funerary customs and
materia] culture. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Heidi McKinnon, Bachelor's Candidate, University of New
Mexico. Center for Folklife Programs and Cultural Studies.
Intern will conduct research for a program on the culture of
the Rio Grande for the 1998 Folklife Festival. 6/1/98
through 8/7/98.

Sean Montague, Bachelor's Degree, Memorial University of
Newfoundland. National Museum of Natural History.
Anthropology. Intern will assist the Arctic Studies Center
with the Labrador exhibit. 2/23/98 through 6/12/98.

Min Thu Myo. National Museum of Natural History.
Anthropology. Intern will research and study the W.L.
Abbor collection from the Thai-Burma border. 6/1/98
through 8/14/98.

Michele Nava, Bachelor's Candidate, Universicy of Hawaii.
National Museum of Natural History. Anthropology. In-
tern will research the bibliographic and photographic ar-
chives pertaining to the Philippine ethnological collections
ac the NMNH. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Wendy Pagell, Bachelor's Candidate, Aurora University. Of-
fice of Information Technology. Intern will analyze the FY
1998 expenditures and generate financial projections, and
reconcile data from the financial reporting system. 7/1/98
through 8/7/98.

Andrea Pippins, Bachelor's Candidate, Temple University. Of-
fice of Exhibit Central. Graphics. Assisting with the design
and preparation of graphics for exhibits at the Smithsonian.
6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Juan Rivera, Master's Candidate, Fashion Institute of Tech-
nology. National Museum of American Art. Develop-
ment. Intern will work with corporate sponsors for
Latino initiatives taking place over the next five years.
6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Lela Sanchez, Florida State University. National Air and Space
Museum. Intern will assist in the Explainer’s Program in
the How Things Fly gallery. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Carolyn Shannon, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Ok-
lahoma. National Museum of Natural History. Anthropol-
ogy. Intern will assist with the assembling of archival data
for repatriation evaluations. 6/1/98 through 8/15/98.

Michael Sheyahshe-Lell, Bachelor's Candidare, University of
Oklahoma. National Museum of American History. Intern

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will work on a virtual exhibition for NMAH. 6/1/98
through 8/7/98.

Bianca Sparks, Bachelor's Candidate, Brown University.
National Museum of American Art. Intern will research
Latino artists, assist with the drafting of object labels, and
coordinate photographic and conservation requests. 6/1/98
through 8/7/98.

Alejandra St. Guillen, Bachelor’s Candidate, Wesleyan Univer-
sity. Intern will look at African American museums and his-
torical sites in the U.S. and analyze African American
heritage tourism. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Nicole Stanton, Doctoral Candidate, University of Michigan.
History of Technology. Intern will conduct research for the
American Legacies exhibit and related publications. 5/26/98
through 9/7/98.

David Stevens, Bachelor's Candidate, University of California—
Berkeley. National Museum of American History. Intern
will research contemporary contact berween Africans and
African Americans. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Natalie Swerye, Bachelor's Candidate, Colorado College. Cen-
ter for Folklife Programs and Cultural Studies. Intern will
research and produce a program on the culture of the Rio
Grande/Rio Bravo basin for the Folklife Festival. 6/1/98
through 8/7/98.

Torrence Thomas, Bachelor's Candidate, Duke University. Ar-
chives. Intern will assist with the implementation of an
electronics records management program in the Archives,
with attention paid to the Duke Ellington project. 6/1/98
through 8/7/98.

Shawn Vantree, Master's Candidate, American University.
National Museum of American History. Intern will review
resources and standards of service at NMAH. 6/1/98
through 8/7/98.

Calvin Walker, Master's Candidate, U.S. International
Univertsity. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.
Conducting surveys related to the development of STRI’s
college-level courses in tropical ecology and marine biol-
ogy. 6/15/98 through 8/21/98.

Grace Wang, Master's Candidate, University of Michigan.
Center for Folklife Programs and Cultural Studies. Intern
will assist with Pahiyas, A Philippine Harvest for the 1998
Folklife Festival. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Office of General Counsel

Jamie Rosenfield, Master's Candidate, George Washington
University. Research project on restitution of cultural
property confiscated by Nazi troops during WWII. 1/12/98
through 6/12/98.

Office of Imaging, Printing, and Photographic Services

Diego Rubin De Celis, Montgomery College. Intern will as-
sist with digital format transformation of the most com-
monly used photos of the imaging deprartment in order to

make them accessable from the Smithsonian database.
3/26/98 through 5/8/98.

Susan Hunter, Bachelor's Candidate, Savannah College of Art
and Design. To study the influence computers have had on
the photographic medium. 6/1/98 through 8/1/98.

Jeanie Kahnke, Master's Candidate, George Mason University.
Intern will help plan, organize, staff and manage a college
internship program for the digital imaging laboratory.
1/22/98 through 5/1/98.

Josh Moeller, Bachelor's Candidate, George Mason University.
Incern will scan and digitize archive pictures and objects to
be placed on the Internet. 5/19/98 through 8/31/98.

Sarah Poff, Bachelor’s Candidate, Miami University. Intern
will assist OIPPS projects for the anthropology dept. 6/1/98
through 7/31/98.

Christina Shomaker, Bachelor's Degree, George Washington
University. Will create a Web site and an image library for
the anthropology dept. 10/1/97 through 8/30/98.

Jessamyn Steimer, Bachelor's Candidate, Haverford College.
Intern will assist with scanning, photo CD conversion, and
other imaging projects. 5/27/98 through 8/31/98.

Monsee Wood, Bachelor's Candidate, Virginia Commonwealth
University. Intern will assist with electronic imaging, scan-
ning and printing with photo CD. 6/15/98 through 8/5/98.

Office of Information Technology

Wendy Pagell, Bachelor's Candidate, Aurora University. In-
tern will analyze the FY 1998 expenditures and generate
financial projections, and reconcile data from the financial
reporting system. 7/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Office of Membership and Development

Aimee Caton, Bachelor's Candidate, Duke University. Mem-
bership. Designed gift brochure, sent letters, invitations,
and other mailings to members, researched membership
benefits. 6/1/98 through 8/14/98.

Michele Gehrig, Bachelor's Candidate, Hollins College.
Development. Assisted with coordinating mailings, events,
and meetings for constituents. 1/5/98 through 1/30/98.

Kathleen Jarrott, Bachelor's Degree, University of Illinois.
Prospect research projects as assigned. 5/26/98 through 7/25/98.

Tamika McKim-Neblett. To develop a communications plan
for OMD's planned giving program. 1/5/98 through 4/17/98.

Karen Raymond, Associate’s Candidate, Montgomery Col-
lege. Women’s Committee. Maintaining member informa-
tion, assisting with events, meetings, and daily office
operations. 9/8/98 through 12/31/98.

Office of Public Affairs

Kelly Scanlon, Bachelor's Candidate, College of William and
Mary. Intern will assist with press releases and media aware-
ness of museum exhibits and events. 6/1/98 through 8/31/98.

Office of Planning, Management, and Budget

Kazuharu Ishida, Master's Degree, Grad School of Media and
Gov., Keio University. Redesign the Call for Plans to in-
clude measurements for performance and strategies and
how they relate to an organization's initiatives. 10/14/97
through 5/1/98.

Office of the Physical Plant—Architectural History and
Historic Preservation

Christopher Alexander, Bachelor's Candidate, George
‘Washington University. Research on American architecture
and development of virtual tour of Smithsonian Building.
8/31/98 through 11/20/98.

Marion-Fairlie Benson, Bachelor’s Candidate, New York
University. Intern will conduct research related to
nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century architecture for a
Spring 1999 AHHP lecture series. 5/26/98 through 7/31/98.

Sarah Fayen, Bachelor's Degree, Yale University. Researched
Adolf Cluss, architect of the Arts and Industries Building,
correspondence regarding the construction of the building.
6/8/98 through 8/14/98.

Lucy Maulsby, Master’s Degree, Cambridge University. Re-
search the McMillian Plan of 1901 and its impact on the Na-
tional Museum of Natural History and the Freer Gallery of
Art. 1/12/98 through 3/20/98.

Office of the Physical Plant—Horticultural Services
Division

Aislinn Adams, Diploma, National Botanic Gardens. Butterfly
Garden. Intern will work in the Butterfly Garden, main-
taining proper conditions for the plants in the butterfly
habitat. While doing this, she will observe seasonal chan-
ges in butterfly populations, and their life in the habitat.
She may have the opportunity to work on plans for the new
educational center that is under development in the gar-
den. 8/31/98 through 12/25/98.

Melissa Antokal, Bachelor's Candidate, University of [linois—
Urbana/Champaign. Intern will catalog slides and enter
data into the SIRIS database. Intern will also be involved
with digitizing images for the computer record. All ac-
tivities will use techniques used in the Archives of
American Gardens. 6/1/98 through 8/14/98.

Cindy Burkhardt, Western Michigan University. Intern will
work with all aspects of collection management of the or-
chid collection. Intern will cultivate, label, identify, record
growth and flowering and verify nomenclature for
specimens. 6/1/98 through 8/14/98.

Trish Fix, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Virginia. Intern
will work with the integrated pest management program.
She will study and analyze insects, diseases, nematodes and
physiological problems on garden plants and work with

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management techniques for problems identified. 6/1/98
through 7/31/98.

Sarah Gould, Bachelor's Candidate, Smith College. Intern will
catalog slides and enter data into the SIRIS database. Intern
will also be involved with digitizing images for the com-
puter record. All activities will use techniques used in the
Archives of American Gardens. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Anne-Marie Hanson, Bachelor's Degree, James Madison
University. Horticultural Services Division. Intern will be
working in general grounds maintenance so that she can
gain the broadest possible experience in the field. This will
include turf management, rose cultivation, spring bulb
planting and care of perennials, shrubs, and trees. 9/21/98
through 1/9/99.

Jill Osipchak, Bachelor's Candidate, West Va. University. In-
tern will assist the Landscape Architect in working with
plans of the museum grounds. This will include peparing
drawings, verifying plants and evaluating construction
drawings. 5/18/98 through 8/14/98.

Christa Partain, Northern Virginia Community College. Enid
Haupt Garden. Intern will work with the horticulturist in
maintaining the Enid A. Haupt Garden. This includes
watering, weeding, pest control and grooming. Intern will
also cultivate roses and tropical plants. 2/2/98 through
5/22/98.

Smithsonian Institution Archives

Meghan Gutierrez, Bachelor’s Candidate, University of
California—Santa Cruz. Institutional Archives. Cataloging
women’s and African Americans’ contributions to the
Smithsonian Institution. 9/16/98 through 12/4/98.

Ginger Hargett, Bachelor's Candidate, Oberlin College. In-
tern will develop a database for anthropological and ar-
chaeological records in the National Anthropological
Archives. 6/8/98 through 8/19/98.

Alexander Lourie, Bachelor's Candidate, Kenyon College.
Preservation. Intern will assist with general duties in the
preservation department of the Archives. 6/17/98 through
8/7/98.

Jose Delannoy-Pizzini. Intern worked on defining and develop-
ing a mission statement for the Casals Museum, researching
and discussing collections management policy issues, and
conducting interviews with selected SI staff to assist in his
assessment of the Pablo Casals Collection in Washington,
D.C. for possible donation by Ms. Martha Casals to the
Museo Pablo Casals in San Juan. 9/21/98 through 10/30/98.

Michael Rhodes, Master's Candidate, University of Wisconsin.
Intern will arrange and describe the papers of Oscar L.
Cartwright (entomologist). 5/26/98 through 7/31/98.

Tina Wong, Bachelor's Candidate, Swarthmore College.
Joseph Henry Papers. Intern will research the
Smithsonian's connections with Japan during Joseph
Henry's secretaryship. 5/19/98 through 7/23/98.

134

Office of Sponsored Projects

Cheryl Alston, Bachelor's Candidate, Wayne State University.
Intern will receive training in grant writing in relation to
cultural institutions. 6/8/98 through 1/15/99.

Lisa Ann Beaverhead, Bachelor's Candidate, Salish Kootenai
College. Develop skills in grant seeking, proposal writing,
and administration to be used at a local nonprofit organiza-
tion in my hometown. 6/8/98 through 8/15/98.

Aaliyah Bilal, High School Student, Oxon Hill High School.
Will take information from various foundations and create
several volumes of reference materials for customers. Also
designing a training calendar for OSP staff. 8/3/98 through
8/28/98.

Idana Bonsi, Master's Candidate, University of Maryland. Re-
search financial information for Smithsonian financial sys-
tem. 1/27/98 through 5/22/98.

Clyde Higgs, Master's Candidate, East Carolina University. In-
tern will edit and update the Principal Investor's Guide—
compiling survey results and developing financial reports.
6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Naomi Mintz, Bachelor's Candidate, George Mason Univer-
sity. Serve in a training capacity as an assistant to the
Contract Administrator at OSP. Will help produce a hand-
book on grant proposal guidelines. 10/6/97 through
12/5/97.

Florencia Sader Sanchez. Intern will gain experience with
various aspects of grant-writing. 3/23/98 through 6/12/98.

Product Development and Licensing

Susan Garrett, Bachelor's Degree, Johns Hopkins University.
Assists Product Managers in product development of
Smithsonian-licensed merchandise for the retail market
(outside Museum shops and mail-order catalogue). 6/1/98
through 6/1/99.

Aditi Mehta, Bachelor’s Candidate, University of Richmond.
Assists Product Managers in product development of
Smithsonian-licensed merchandise for the retail market
(outside Museum shops and mail-order catalogue)
and developed PD&L Web site. 5/18/98 through
8/7/98.

Christy Nyberg, Bachelor's Degree, University of Florida. In-
tern will assist with the development of a marketing pack-
age for presentation to potential licensees. 7/1/98 through
1/V/98.

Elise Schimeck, Bachelor's Canidate, Michigan State Univer-
sity. Assists Product Managers in product development of
Smithsonian-licensed merchandise for the retail market
(outside Museum shops and mail-order catalogue). 5/18/98
through 8/7/98.

Caroline Schumann, Betmannschule. Assist in producing the
engagement calendar for 1999 and related duties. 10/14/97
through 12/5/97.

Smithsonian Center for Materials
Research and Education

Stephanie Hornbeck, Master's Candidate, New York Univer-
sity Archaeological Conservation Intern. Field research to
be conducted in Harappa, Pakistan and Copan, Honduras.
10/1/97 through 9/30/98.

Smithsonian Environmental Research Center

Safra Alrman, Bachelor’s Degree, Brown University. Survey of
the density and distribution of the parasite Perkinsus
marinus in Macoma balthica clams in the Rhode River.
3/2/98 through 5/22/98.

Dina Berin, Bachelor’s Candidate, Oberlin College. Invasion
Ecology. Intern will study the abundance, population struc-
ture, and general ecology of the green crab in Tuckerton,
NJ. 6/1/98 through 8/20/98.

Dorrit Blakeslee, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Chicago.
Study on nutrient sedimentation and release in the Rhode
River estuary. 6/22/98 through 8/28/98.

Sally Box, University of Adelaide. Intern will study the im-
pact of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide on plant and
ecosystem processes. 6/8/98 through 8/14/98.

Elizabeth Bricken, Bachelor's Candidate, Warren Wilson Col-
lege. Modeling of the nitrogen and phosphorous flow in
the Patuxent Watershed. 6/1/98 through 8/21/98.

Patrick Campfield, Bachelor’s Candidate, University of
Maryland—College Park. Intern will study sperm limita-
tion in Chesapeake Bay blue crabs. 5/29/98 through 8/29/98.

Christine Chui, Master's Candidate, Yale University. Study of
interaction between two toxigenic strains of Vibrio
cholerae. 6/1/98 through 8/28/98.

Claire Dacey, Bachelor's Degree, Stanford University. Canopy
Studies. Study of leaf characteristics as indicators of light
environment. 5/25/98 through 7/31/98.

Payton Deeks, Bachelor's Candidate, Bowdoin College. Scudying
factors influencing juvenile blue crab prey selectivity of
two clam species. 6/4/98 through 8/28/98.

Sarah Eppley, Bachelor’s Degree, Bucknell University. Chemistry.
Physical characterization study of water sediment, and nutrient
dynamics in a Paruxent River reach. 6/15/98 through 8/21/98.

Mary Ford, Bachelor's Degree, Harvard. Environmental and
ecology instruction. 3/30/98 through 6/19/98.

Jon Hasfjord, Bachelor's Candidate, Warren Wilson College.
Web page design for SERC education department. 5/26/98
through 8/14/98.

Ingrid Hogle, Bachelor’s Degree, University of Michigan.
Determining phosphorus levels and mineralization rates in
wetland soils. 4/20/98 through 7/10/98.

David Johnson, Bachelor's Candidate, Duke University. An in-
vestigation of mixotrophy in Prorocentrum minimum.
6/8/98 through 8/29/98.

Jonathan Lee, Bachelor's Candidate, University of California—
Berkeley. How size-dependent predation risk affects the use
of shallow water refuge. 5/26/98 through 8/22/98.

Rooni Mathew, Master's Candidate, Duke University. Streamflow
simulation model for the Patuxent River system. 6/1/98
through 8/21/98.

Rebecca Miller. The role of Arbuscular mycorrhizae in seed-
ling recruitment. 6/8/98 through 8/24/98.

Jill Peloquin, Bachelor's Degree, Eckerd College. Photobiology.
Utilization of flourometry to determine and define the
effects of ultraviolet radiation on the photosynthesis of the
Arctic kelps, Laminaria solidungula and Laminaria sac-
charinia. 6/15/98 through 10/2/98.

Rachel Poretsky, Bachelor's Candidate, Brandeis University.
Nutrient Lab. Probing for dentrification genes in soil
microorganisms. 6/2/98 through 8/21/98.

Kathryn Roache, Bachelor's Degree, University of Delaware.
Gene probing of nitrogen reducing bacteria in a riparian
forest system. 1/20/98 through 5/15/98.

Federico Rotman, Bachelor’s Degree, University of New
Hampshire. Education. Population structure of two Rhode
River bivalve species: Macoma balthica and Macoma
muitchelli. 4/13/98 through 7/3/98.

Lucia Salazar, Bachelor's Candidate, University of Oklahoma.
Intern will study parasitic infestation of dinoflagellates,
and trophic relationships amoung planktonic protozoa.
6/1/98 through 8/21/98.

Sally Schoenfeld, Bachelor's Candidate, Emory University. In-
vasions Biology. Verifying Vibrios: A study of population
dynamics of Vibrio cholerae in the Chesapeake Bay region.
5/18/98 through 8/7/98.

Laura Schreeg, Bachelor's Candidate, Saint Mary's College.
Dendroecological and ecophysiological analysis in gap
versus nongap environments of deciduous and evergreen
schrub understoreys. 5/25/98 through 8/14/98.

Kristen Smeby, Bachelor’s Candidate, Tulane Universtiy. Solar
Biology Lab. 5/18/98 through 8/7/98.

Cynthia Smith, Bachelor's Degree, Central Michigan Univer-
sity. Plant Ecology. 5/11/98 through 7/31/98.

Maria Unger, Master's Candidate, University of Vienna.
Anatomical adjustments of Scirpus olneyi to elevated CO.
6/8/98 through 8/28/98.

Catherine Ware, Bachelor's Candidate, Dartmouth College.
Study of two strains of Vibrio cholera to see if the competi-
tion becween them affects their abundance on the
zooplankton that they live on. 9/8/98 through 12/15/98.

Enrico Yepez-Gonzalez, Bachelor's Candidate, University of
Guadalajara. Study of the effects of elevated CO, on carbon
export in marsh soil water. 4/1/98 through 7/24/98.

Smithsonian Institution Libraries

Elizabeth Houck, Bachelor’s Candidate, Smith College.
NMaAH Library. Assist with preparation of SIL exhibit
describing the exploration of the southeastern United
States through early literature. 9/8/98 through 12/17/98.

Tina Mason, Master's Candidate, University of Texas, Austin.
Preservation Services. Intern will work with rare-books con-
servation. 1/26/98 through 8/28/98.

135

Smithsonian Magazine

Laura Gonzales, Bachelor’s Candidate, American University.
Intern will be involved with most aspects of magazine
publishing. 6/1/98 through 8/7/98.

Smithsonian Press/Smithsonian Productions

Caroline Casey, Bachelor's Candidate, Claremont McKenna
College. Intern will prepare manuscripts and illustrations
for the SI Press book Spaceflight. 6/15/98 through 8/7/98.

Patrece Dean, Master's Candidate, Howard University. Intern
will assist with the maintenance of the audiotape archive
and database. 5/18/98 through 8/31/98.

Douglas Jameson, Bachelor’s Candidate, Peabody Conservatory.
Intern will assist with digital audio editing and audio studio
production. Inter will also assist with the maintenance of the
audiotape archive and database. 5/18/98 through 8/31/98.

Maggie McWilliams, Bachelor’s Candidate, Hollins College.
Smithsonian Press. Intern will assist with a manuscript that
SIPP is considering publishing with the British Film In-
stitute. U/5/98 through 1/30/98.

Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service

Jose Delannoy-Pizzini. To obtain a broad overview of collec-
tions management policies and procedures to assist in the
assessment, acquisition, and documentation of the Pablo
Casals Archival Collection. 9/21/98 through 11/13/98.

Casey-Marie Pelasara, High School Studenr, Glenelg Country
School. Intern will assist with the development of the the
exhibit This Land is Your Land: The Life and Legacy of
Woody Guthrie. 6/16/98 through 7/30/98.

Angelica Delfina Sanchez, Master's Candidate, University of
Texas—San Antonio. Intern will prepare information on
the traveling exhibit of Black Seminoles in Washington
D.C. and Texas. 6/8/98 through 8/14/98.

Smithsonian Office of Education

Claudia Arze-Bravo, Montgomery College. Publications. Intern
will research Latino contributions in science and technology.
6/8/98 through 8/17/98.

Felisa Brunschwig, Bachelor's Degree, Tufts University. Publi-
cations. Intern will research Latino contributions to science
and technology. 6/8/98 through 8/17/98.

Isabel Guajardo, Bachelor's Degree, WCU. Intern will assist
with the creation of discovery boxes about Buddist art for
use by teachers and assist with the summer camp program.
7/7/98 through 8/31/98.

Swatantar Mann, Master's Degree. The intern will have the
opportunity to observe and gain hands-on experience in
creating classroom curriculum using museum resources.
Ms. Mann will work with Deps. Museum School Teachers
to develop a discovery box about Buddish art to use in the
classroom. 4/20/98 through 12/31/98.

136

Amy Navitsky, Bachelor's Candidate, Smith College. Publica-
tions. Intern will examine the contributions made by the
Latino community to the history of science and technology.
6/8/98 through 8/17/98.

Rossina Tran, Senior, University of Maryland, College Park.
Work on SOE Web site and serve as a research assistant for
NMAH. 11/14/97 through 2/14/98.

Shauna Weiler, Bachelor’s Candidate, University of
California—Berkeley. Education. Review current literature
and conduct primary research in object-based learning;
research current programs available for K-12 students and
educators in all Smithsonian museums; observe program
events, seminars and conferences of SOE. 9/1/98 through
12/10/98.

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute

Nidia Maritza Aguisre Ateneio, Master's Candidate, Univer-
sidad Santa Maria La Antigua. Abundanaia distribucion y
parametros dasometricos de aspecies maderables en la Cuen-
ca del Canol. Proyecte di Menitereo-Componente Cobertura
Boseosa. 4/13/98 through 8/13/98.

Sofia Castillo, Master's Candidate, Fac. Ciencias Agro-
pecoarias U.P. Coleccion y Indentificacion de plagas en
semillas de Arboles Natives de Panama. 2/1/98 through
5/30/98.

Mabelle Chong, Bachelor's Degree, University of Panama.
Intern will study industrially important microfungi from
decaying macromycetes. 2/1/98 through 7/30/98.

Alexandra Moran. Intern will work with BioLead project.
5/V/98 through 9/30/98.

Andrew Patterson, Bachelor’s Candidate, University of Idaho.
Intern will work with fertilization project on gigante penin-
sula supervised by Joseph Wright and Kyle Harme. 1/15/98
through 7/15/98.

Maribel Arlene Gonzales Torres. Intern will study mtDNA
variation in highland and lowland avian species complexes.
8/11/97 through 8/11/98.

Gustavo Adolfo Vargas Urrego, Universidad de los Andes.
Branch carbon balance and allocation during extreme El
Nino and La Nina in a wet neotropical forest. 8/14/98
through 12/22/98.

The Smithsonian Associates

Julia Bilek, Montgomery College. Discovery Theater. Inrern
will research folk rales for use in upcoming theater produc-
tions. 2/1/98 through $/31/98.

Corinne Gray, Bachelor's Candidate, Smith College. Study
Tours. Intern will assist with the study tours program.
6/22/98 through 8/28/98.

Kathleen Whelley, Bachelor's Candidate, Wellesley College.
To get acquainted with the workings of educational tour
planning, program design, marketing and evaluation as it
relates to museums. 5/26/98 through 8/7/98.

Research Associates

Research Associate status is conferred by the directors of museums, research

institutes, and offices on individuals from outside the Institution who are

conducting ongoing research in which the Smithsonian has collections or ex-

pertise. Research Associates are granted access to the Insticution’s facilities

and reference resources and often consult or collaborate with Smithsonian re-

searchers. Most appointments of Research Associates are for a duration of
three years and are renewable. The following is a list of individuals who held

the title of Research Associate during fiscal year 1998.

Center for Folklife

Programs and Cultural
Studies

Mr. Roland Freeman
Mr. Daniel Goodwin

Dr. Ivan Karp
Ms. Corinne Kratz

Mr. Alan Lomax
Mr. Worth Long
Dr. Rene Lopez
Ms. Kate Rinzler

Conservation Analytical
Laboratory

Ms. Jacqueline S. Olin

Freer Gallery of
Art/Arthur M. Sackler
Gallery

Dr. Esin Aril

Mr. W. Thomas Chase

Ms. Elisabeth West Fitzhugh
Dr. Thomas Lawton

Mrs. Mary S. Slusser

National Air and Space
Museum

Dr. John R. Breihan

National Museum of
African Art

Dr. Labelle Prussin

National Museum of
American Art

Dr. Wanda M. Corn
Dr. Charles C. Eldredge

National Museum of
American History

Gen. Roy K. Flint

National Museum of
Natural History

Department of Anthropology

Ms. Patricia O. Afable
Mr. Kenneth Bilby

Dr. Tamara L. Bray

Mr. Noel Broadbent
Dr. Alison S. Brooks
Mr. Roger H. Colten
Dr. Anita G. Cook

Dr. Karen Marie Dohm
Dr. Jean-Paul Dumont
Dr. Ann Fienup-Riordan
Dr. Catherine S. Fowler
Dr. George C. Frison
Dr. Joan M. Gero

Dr. Diane Patrice Gifford-Gonzalez
Mr. Norman Hallendy

Dr. Catherine A. Hawks

Dr. Charlene James-Duguid
Dr. Richard T. Koritzer, D.D.S.
Mr. Edgardo Krebs

Dr. Joel C. Kuipers

Dr. H. Leedom Lefferts

Dr. Bonnie S. Magnes-Gardiner
Dr. Sally McLendon

Dr. Betty J. Meggers

Dr. Margareta Musilova

Dr. Christopher Nagle

Dr. Michael D. Petraglia

Ms. Mercedes del Rio

Dr. Robert G, Schmidt

Dr. Douglas Siegel-Causey

Ms. Nancy Sikes

Dr. Kenyan G. Tomaselli

Dr. John W. Verano

Dr. Jeffrey K. Wilkerson

Dr. Frederick A. Winter

Dr. John E. Yellen

Office of Biodiversity Programs

Dr. Claude Gascon

Department of Botany

Dr. Patrick Herendeen
Dr. Merideth Anne Lane
Dr. Elbert L. Little

Dr. Diane S. Littler

Dr. Alicia Lourteig

Dr. Nancy Morin

Dr. Mark Plotkin

Dr. Robert J. Soreng
Dr. Basil Stergios

Dr. Anna L. Weitzman

Department of Entomology

Dr. David Adamski

Dr. Joachim Adis

Dr. David H. Ahrenholz
Dr. Annette Aiello

Dr. Leeanne E. Alonso
Dr. Vitor O. Becker

Dr. William E. Bickley
Dr. Andrew Van Zandt Brower
Dr. Brian V. Brown

Mr. Robert C. Busby
Dr. Astrid Caldas

Mr. Curtis J. Callaghan
Dr. Robert W. Carlson

ww

Dr. Gabriela Chavarria
Dr. Eduardo Dominguez
Dr. Lance Durden

Dr. Robert L. Edwards
Dr. Neal L. Evenhuis
Mr. John Fales

Dr. Douglas C. Ferguson
Dr. Adrian B. Forsyth
Dr. Amnon Freidberg
Dr. Raymond G. Gagne
Ms. Nicole Gibson

Dr. Jeffrey Glassberg

Dr. E. Eric Grissell

Dr. Ralph E. Harbach
Dr. Michael W. Hastriter
Dr. Thomas J. Henry
Mrs. Elaine R.S. Hodges
Dr. Ronald W. Hodges
Dr. Gustavo Hormiga
Dr. Darlene D. Judd

Dr. George O. Krizek
Dr. James Donald Lafontaine
Dr. Gerardo Lamas

Dr. Bette Loiselle

Dr. Arnold S. Menke

Dr. Douglass R. Miller
Dr. Scott E. Miller

Dr. Charles Mitter

Dr. Steve Nakahara

Dr. David A. Nickle

Dr. Allen L. Norrbom
Dr. Paul A. Opler

Dr. Enrique G. Ortiz

Dr. James Pakaluk

Dr. John T. Polhemus
Dr. Patricia Gentili Poole
Mr. Curtis Sabrosky

Dr. Nikolaj Scharff

Dr. Michael E. Schauff
Dr. Jeffrey W. Shultz

Dr. Robert L. Smiley

Dr. David R. Smith

Dr. M. Alma Solis

Dr. Felix A.H. Sperling
Dr. Manya B. Stoetzel
Dr. F. Christian Thompson
Dr. Natalia J. Vandenberg
Dr. Richard E. White
Dr. Norman E. Woodley

Department of Invertebrate Zoology

Dr. G. Denton Belk
Dr. Barbara Best

Dr. Darry! L. Felder
Dr. Mark J. Grygier

138

Dr. John R. Holsinger

Dr. Roy K. Kropp

Dr. Marjorie L. Reaka-Kudla
Dr. E. Taisoo Park

Mr. Richard E. Petit

Dr. Janet W. Reid

Dr. Edward E. Ruppert

Dr. Michael Vecchione

Office of Exhibits

Prof. Franz Zeithammer

Department of Paleobiology

Dr. Shelton P. Applegate
Dr. William I. Ausich
Dr. Raymond L. Bernor
Dr. Annalisa Berta

Dr. Robyn Burnham

Dr. Zhongyuan Chen

Dr. James M. Clark

Dr. Stephen J. Culver
Dr. John D. Damuth, Jr.
Dr. Daryl! P. Domning
Dr. J. Thomas Dutro, Jr.
Dr. Ralph E. Eshelman
Dr. Jerzy Fedorowski

Dr. Robert A. Gastaldo
Dr. Thomas G. Gibson
Dr. Michael D. Gottfried
Dr. Rex Alan Hanger
Dr. Robert W. Hook

Dr. Nigel Hughes

Dr. Scott E. Ishman

Dr. Thomas W. Kammer
Dr. Carl F Koch

Dr. Spencer G. Lucas

Dr. Christopher G. Maples
Dr. Jerry N. McDonald
Dr. Herbert W. Meyer
Dr. Robert B. Neuman
Dr. William A. Oliver, Jr.
Dr. Lisa E. Osterman

Dr. John Pojeta, Jr.

Dr. Louis J. Pribyl, Jr.
Dr. John E. Repetski

Dr. William J. Sando
Dr. Judith Skog

Dr. Anthony D. Socci
Dr. I. Gregory Sohn

Dr. Steven M. Stanley
Dr. Joshua I. Tracey

Dr. James W. Valentine
Dr. Katherine Sian Davies-Vollum
Dr. Andrew G. Warne

Dr. Debra A. Willard
Dr. Keddy Yemane
Dr. Ellis L. Yochelson

Department of Vertebrate Zoology

Dr. Allen Allison

Dr. Ronald Altig

Dr. Aaron Matthew Bauer
Mr. Bruce M. Beehler
Dr. Eleanor D. Brown
Dr. John R. Burns

Dr. John E. Cadle

Dr. Philip J. Clapham
Dr. C. Kenneth Dodd, Jr.
Dr. Maureen Donnelly
Dr. Louise H. Emmons
Dr. Carl H. Ernst

Dr. Robert Ewan Fordyce
Dr. Alfred L. Gardner
Dr. J. Whitfield Gibbons
Dr. David A. Good

Dr. Harry J. Grier

Dr. Lester A. Hart

Dr. Lawrence R. Heaney
Dr. Stephen Blair Hedges
Dr. Richard Highton

Dr. Aleta Hohn

Mr. Ivan Ineich

Mr. Morton L. Isler

Mrs. Phyllis R. Isler

Dr. Elisabeth Kalko

Ms. Roxie C. Laybourne
Dr. Bradley C. Livezey
Dr. Jonathan B. Losos

Dr. Lori Marino

Dr. Linda R. Maxson

Dr. Roy W. McDiarmid
Mr. Joseph C. Mitchell
Dr. Molly R. Morris

Dr. Thomas A. Munroe
Dr. Guy G. Musser

Dr. Hidetoshi Ora

Dr. William Perrin

Mr. Gregory K. Pregill
Dr. John E. Randall

Dr. Rafael Omar de Sa
Dr. Elizabeth Anne Schreiber
Dr. Norman J. Scott, Jr.
Dr. Jiakun Song

Dr. Brian J. Stafford

Mr. Wayne C. Starnes

Dr. David L. Stein

Dr. Ian R. Swingland

Dr. William F. Smich-Vaniz

Mr. Richard J. Wassersug
Mrs. Marilyn J. Weitzman

National Zoological Park

Biological Programs

Dr. Ann P. Beyers

Dr. Sue A. Ellis

Dr. Mary M. Hagedorn
Dr. Stephen J. O’Brien
Dr. Nancy Cameron Pratt
Dr. William F. Rall

Dr. Samuel K. Wasser

Conservation Research Center

Dr. Steven R. Beissinger

Dr. Joel Berger

Dr. Richard Despard Estes
Dr. John Gordon Frazier

Dr. Martha S. Fujita

Dr. Karen L. Goodrowe

Dr. Deborah Caldwell Hahn
Dr. Yadvendradev Jhala

Dr. William R. Lance

Dr. Mary Victoria McDonald
Dr. Charles W. McDougal
Dr. William J. McShea

Dr. Jill D. Mellon

Dr. Brian Miller

Dr. Sriyanie Miththapala

Dr. Illar Muul

Dr. Mary Ann Ottinger

Dr. Terry Phillips

Dr. Edward D. Plotka

Dr. Jorge Humberto Vega Rivera
Dr. Terry Lynn Roth

Dr. Mitchel Schiewe

Dr. Lisa G. Sorenson

Dr. Michael D. Sorenson
Ms. Rebecca E. Spindler

Dr. Bridget Joan Stutchbury
Dr. Michael Stuwe

Dr. Katerina Vicek Thompson
Dr. Richard H. Wagner

Dr. Paul J. Weldon

Dr. Pan Wenshi
Dr. Nadja Wielebnowski
Dr. Kevin Winker

Department of Zoological Research

Dr. John M. Francis

Dr. David W. Johnston
Dr. Patricia Majluf

Dr. Elizabeth Anne Perry

Department of Herpetology

Dr. James B. Murphy

Interpretive Programs

Dr. Judy M. Manning

Office of the Provost

Dr. Wilton S. Dillon

Smithsonian
Institution Archives

Joseph Henry Papers

Dr. Albert E. Moyer

Smithsonian Astrophysical
Observatory

Dr. Alastair Cameron
Dr. Charles Gammie
Dr. Alyssa Goodman
Dr. Josh Grindlay
Dr. Robert Kirshner
Dr. Chris Kochanek
Dr. Avi Loeb

Dr. Jane Luu

Dr. Ramesh Narayan
Dr. William Press

Smithsonian
Environmental
Research Center

Dr. James T. Carlton

Dr. Paul R. Jivoff

Dr. Romuald N. Lipcius
Dr. David L. Smith

Prof. Diane K. Stoecker
Dr. Richard A. Tankersley
Dr. Simon F. Thrush

Dr. Keiji Wada

Dr. Donna L. Wolcott

Dr. Thomas G. Wolcott

Smithsonian Tropical
Research Institute

Dr. Tomas Arias

Dr. Hector Barrios

Dr. Mary Alice Coffroth
Dr. Phyllis D. Coley
Dr. Laurel Collins

Dr. Nicholas J. Georgiadis
Dr. Gregory S. Gilbert
Dr. Mahabir Gupta

Dr. Roberto Ibanez

Dr. Jorge Illueca

Dr. Peter Jung

Dr. Howard R. Lasker
Dr. Steve Mulkey

Dr. Diomedes Quintero
Dr. Robert E. Ricklefs
Dr. Tyson Roberts

Dr. Michael Ryan

Dr. Hans-Ulrich Schnitzler
Dr. Robert F. Stallard
Dr. Henry Stockwell
Dr. Melvin Tyree

139

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150

Publications of the
Smithsonian
Institution Press in
Fiscal Year 1998

During fiscal year 1998, the Smithsonian Institution
Press released more than 80 publications, including
trade books, exhibition catalogs, monographs, museum
guides, and sound recordings. The most important are
listed below.

University Press

Arbon, Lee. They Also Flew: The Enlisted Pilot Legacy, 1912—
1942 (pbk.)

Ardouin, Claude Daniel, ed. Museums and Archaeology in West
Africa.

Bischof, Werner. After the War.

Blakely, Robert L., and Judith M. Harrington, eds. Bones in
the Basement: Postmortem Racism in Nineteenth-Century Medical
Training.

Bogart, Michele H. Public Sculpture and the Civic Ideal in New
York City, 1890-1930. (pbk.)

Bosman, Paul, and Anthony Hall-Martin. Cats of Africa.

Bradburd, Daniel. Being There: The Necessity of Fieldwork.

Brown, Dona. Inventing New England: Regional Tourism in the
Nineteenth Century. (pbk.)

Burri, René. Poetry by Miguel Barnet. Cuba y Cuba.

Carlebach, Michael L. American Photojournalism Comes of Age.

Crisman, Kevin J., and Arthur B. Cohn. When Horses Walked
on Water: Horse-Powered Ferries in Nineteenth-Century America.

Day, Dwayne A., John M. Logsdon, and Brian Latell, eds. Eye
in the Sky: The Story of the CORONA Spy Satellites.

Dilworth, Leah. Imagining Indians in the Southwest: Persistent
Visions of a Primitive Past. (pbk.)

Engen, Donald D. Wings and Warriors: My Life as a Naval Aviator.

Ferber, Linda S., and Barbara Dayer Gallati. Masters of Color and
Light: Homer, Sargent, and the American Watercolor Movement.

Frank, Barbara E. Mande Potters and Leatherworkers: Art and
Heritage in West Africa.

Franzmann, Albert W., and Charles C. Schwartz, eds. Ecology
and Management of the North American Moose.

Freestone, Ian, and David Gaimster, eds. Pottery in the Making:
Ceramic Traditions.

Geary, Christraud M., and Virginia~-Lee Webb, eds. Delivering
Views: Distant Cultures in Early Postcards.

Gmelch, George, and J.J. Weiner. In the Ballpark: The Working
Lives of Baseball People.

Godelier, Maurice, Thomas R. Trautmann, and Franklin E.
Tjon Sie Fat. Transformations of Kinship.

Goldsmith, Peter D. Making People’s Music: Moe Asch and
Folkways Records.

Gordon, Ian. Comic Strips and Consumer Culture, 1890-1945

Horak, Jan-Christopher. Making Images Move: Photographers
and Avant-Garde Cinema.

Johnsgard, Paul A. North American Owls: Biology and Natural
History. (pbk.)

Kingery, W. David, ed. Learning from Things: Method and
Theory of Material Culture Studies. (pbk.)

Kirchner, Bill, ed. A Miles Davis Reader.

Kriz, Marjorie M., ed. Soaring above Setbacks: The Autobiography
of Janet Harmon Bragg, African American Aviator. (pbk.)

Kunz, Thomas H., and Paul A. Racey, eds. Bat Biology and
Conservation.

Kurin, Richard. Reflections of a Culture Broker: A View from the
Smithsonian.

Lemann, Nicholas. Oxt of the Forties. (pbk.)

Lopez, Donald S. Into the Teeth of the Tiger. (pbk.)

Malaro, Marie C. A Legal Primer on Managing Museum Collec-
tions. 2d ed.

Mark, Mary Ellen. Portrazts.

McCurdy, Howard E. Space and the American Imagination.

McFarland, Stephen L. America’s Pursuit of Preciston Bombing,
1910-1945. (pbk.)

Mergen, Bernard. Snow in America.

Mitchell, Joseph C. The Reptiles of Virginia. (pbk.)

Moyer, Albert E. Joseph Henry: The Rise of an American
Scientist.

Moynihan, Martin H. The Social Regulation of Competition and
Aggression in Animals.

Musser, Charles. Edison Motion Pictures, 1890-1900: An Annotated
Filmography.

Nichols, Deborah L., and Thomas H. Charlton, eds. The
Archaeology of City-States: Cross-Cultural Approaches.

Ortenberg, Simon. New Traditions from Nigeria: Seven Artists of
the Nsukka Group.

Panzer, Mary, with an essay by Jeana K. Foley. Mathew Brady
and the Image of History.

Petranka, James. Salamanders of the United States and Canada.

Prussin, Labelle. African Nomadic Architecture: Space, Place, and
Gender. (pbk.)

Rappole, John H. The Ecology of Migrant Birds: A Neotropical
Perspective. (pbk.)

Saler, Benson, Charles A. Ziegler, and Charles B. Moore.
UFO Crash at Roswell: The Genesis of a Modern Myth.

I5I

Santos-Granero, Fernando, and Frederica Barclay. Selva Central:
History, Economy, and Land Use in Peruvian Amazonia.

Selig, Ruth Osterweis, and Marilyn R. London, eds.
Anthropology Explored: The Best of Smithsonian
AnthroNotes.

Shepherdson, David J., Jill D. Mellen, and Michael
Hutchins. Second Nature: Environmental Enrichment for
Captive Animals.

Spudis, Paul D. The Once and Future Moon. (pbk.)

Stark, Miriam T., ed. The Archaeology of Social Boundaries.
Stattersfield, Alison, Michael Crosby, Adrian Long, and David
Wege. Endemic Bird Areas of the World: Priorities for Biod-

iversity Conservation.

Stoddart, Tom. Sarajevo.

Tidwell, William D. Common Fossil Plants of Western North
America. 2d ed.

Tisdale, Mary E., and Bibi Booth, eds. Beyond the National
Parks: A Recreation Guide to Public Lands in the West.

Trapp, Kenneth R., and Howard Risatti. Sé:/led Work:
American Craft in the Renwick Gallery.

Tucker, Graham M., and Michael I. Evans, comps. Habitats for
Birds in Exrope: A Conservation Strategy for the Wider Environment.

Twelve Centuries of Japanese Art from the Imperial Collections.

Wattenmaker, Patricia. Household and State in Upper
Mesopotamia: Specialized Economy and the Social Uses of Goods
in an Early Complex Society.

Werrell, Kenneth P. Blankets of Fire: U.S. Bombers over Japan
during World War II. (pbk.)

Wiessner, Polly, and Akii Tumu. Historical Vines: Enga Net-
works of Exchange, Ritual, and Warfare in Papua New Guinea.

Smithsonian Books

The Smithsonian Guides to Historic America. Revised and
updated editions.

Smithsonian Collection of Recordings

The Jazz Singers: A Smithsonian Collection of Jazz Vocals from
1919 t0 1994.

Federal Series Publications

Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology

39. Eugene J. Knez. “The Modernization of Three Korean Vil-
lages, 1951-1981: An Illustrated Study of a People and Their

Material Culture.” 216 pages, color frontispiece, 191 figures,
35 tables. 6 October 1997.

Smithsonian Contributions to Botany

85. Dolores R. Piperno and Deborah M. Pearsall. “The Silica
Bodies of Tropical American Grasses: Morphology,
Taxonomy, and Implications for Grass Systematics and Fos-

152

sil Phytolith Identification.” 40 pages, 76 figures, 2 tables.
6 July 1998.

86. Lynn J. Gillespie and W. Scott Armbruster. “A Contribu-
tion to the Guianan Flora: Dalechampia, Haematostemon,
Omphalea, Pera, Plukenetia, and Tragia (Euphorbiaceae) with
Notes on Subfamily Acalyphoideae.” 48 pages, 14 figures.
15 October 1997.

87. Paul M. Peterson, Robert D. Webster, and Jesus Valdes-
Reyna. “Genera of New World Eragrostideae (Poaceae:
Chloridoideae).” 50 pages, 1 table. 14 November 1997.

Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology

86. Richard S. Boardman. “Reflections on the Morphology,
Anatomy, Evolution, and Classification of the Class
Stenolaemata (Bryozoa).” 59 pages, 129 figures. 26 August
1998.

87. 1.G. Sohn and Louis S. Kornicker. “Ostracoda from the
Late Permian of Greece (Thaumatocyprididae and
Polycopidae).” 34 pages, 20 figures, 2 tables, 1 map. 26
August 1998.

Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology

586. Nancy A. Voss, Michael Vecchione, Ronald B. Toll, and
Michael J. Sweeney, editors. “Systematics and Biogeography of
Cephalopods.” 2 volumes, 599 pages, 257 figures, 69 tables.
28 May 1998.

590. Henk Wolda, Charles W. O'Brien, and Henry P. Stock-
well. “Weevil Diversity and Seasonality in Tropical Panama
as Deduced from Light-Trap Catches (Coleoptera: Cur-
culionoidea).” 79 pages, 27 figures, 9 tables. 7 May 1998.

591. Stephen D. Cairns. “A Generic Revision and Phylogenetic
Analysis of the Turbinoliidae (Cnidaria: Scleractinia).” 55
pages, 5 figures, 10 plates, 6 tables. 23 October 1997.

592. Wayne N. Mathis. “Shore Flies of the Belizean Cays (Dip-
tera: Ephydridae).” 77 pages, 258 figures, 6 tables. 12
November 1997.

593. Louis S. Kornicker and Elizabeth Harrison-Nelson.
“Myodocopid Ostracoda of Pillar Point Harbor, Half Moon
Bay, California.” 53 pages, 28 figures, 6 tables. 12 November
1997.

594. Oliver S. Flint, Jr. “Studies of Neotropical Caddisflies,
LIII: A Taxonomic Revision of the Subgenus Curgia of the
Genus Chimarra (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae).” 131 pages,
446 figures, 26 maps. 23 July 1998.

595. Louis S. Kornicker and Bernard A. Thomassin.
“Ostracoda (Myodocopina) of Tuléar Reef Complex, SW
Madagascar.” 134 pages, 86 figures, 2 tables. 22 January
1998.

596. Nicole Boury-Esnault and Klaus Riitzler, editors.
“Thesaurus of Sponge Morphology.” 55 pages, 306 figures.

2 December 1997.

597. Donald R. Davis. “A World Classification of the Har-

macloninae, a New Subfamily of Tineidae (Lepidoptera:

Tineoidea). 81 pages, 346 figures, 8 maps, 1 table. 22 599. Louis S. Kornicker and Thomas M. Iliffe. “Myodocopid

January 1998. Ostracoda (Halocypridina, Cladocopina) from Anchialine
598. Belinda Alvarez, Rob W.M. van Soest, and Klaus Caves in the Bahamas, Canary Islands, and Mexico.” 93

Riitzler. “A Revision of Axinellidae (Porifera: Demospon- pages, 64 figures, 2 maps, 9 tables. 13 July 1998.

giae) of the Central West Atlantic Region.” 47 pages, 23 600. Robert Hershler and Winston F. Ponder. “A Review of

figures, 18 cables. 11 September 1998. Morphological Characters of Hydrobioid Snails.” 55 pages,

21 figures. 10 July 1998.

153

Publications of the
Staff of the Smithsonian
Institution and Its
Subsidiaries in Fiscal
Year 1998

Archives of American Art

Office of the Director

Archives of American Art. A Finding Aid to the Tomas Ybarra-
Frausto Research Material on Chicano Art, 1965-1997, Archives
of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, 1998.

. Journal, quarterly magazine, published continuously
since 1960.

Stover, Catherine and Lisa Lynch. A Finding Aid to the Rockwell
Kent Papers, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian
Institution, 1998.

Wattenmaker, Richard J. Lecture. “Samuel Yellin: American
Blacksmith,” Reynolda House, Museum of American Art,
seminar “The American House,” Winston-Salem, North
Carolina, November 1997.

. Lecture. “Soutine: Sources and Legacies,” New York

Studio School. December 1997.

. Lecture. “Dr. Albert C. Barnes and The Barnes

Foundation,” Faculté des Letres et Science humaine of the

University of Neuchatel under the auspices of a grant from

the Swiss-American Cultural Exchange Council, April 1998.

. Lecture. “Public Institutions: Access and Cultural

Identity,” the role of the Archives of American Art, Second

Biennial Smithsonian- Westminster Symposium, the

University of Westminster London, and the Smithsonian
Institution, May 1998.

West Coast Regional Center

Karlstrom, Paul J., Panelist, “Mexico, Muralism and
Modernism in Northern California,” Mexican Masterpieces
Conference, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, CA,
January 1998.

154

. Article. “Tribute to George Tsutakawa (1910-1997),”
International Examiner, Seattle, WA, January 1998.

. Lecture. “The Development of California's
Counter-Culture in the 1950s and 1960s,” Orange County
Museum of Art, Newport Beach, CA, February 1998.

. Catalogue essay. “Richard Bunkall,” Mendenhall
Gallery, Pasadena, CA, February 1998.

. Panelist. “Inventing Culture for California: An
Overview of the Visual Arts, 1849-1906,” Humanities
West, Herbst Theatre, San Francisco, CA, May 1998.

. Article. “On the Edge of America: California
Modernist Art and Culture,” The Sydney Papers, Sydney,
Australia, May 1998.

. Video interview. “Val Laigo,” video documentary,
Wing Luke Museum, Seattle, WA, August 1998.

. Chair panelist. “Visions of Empire in West Coast
Public Art,” American Studies Association Conference,
Seattle, WA, November 1998.

Center for Folklife Programs and
Cultural Studies

Printed Materials

Belanus, Betty and Marjorie Hunt. “Teacher Seminar in Its
Fifth Year.” Smithsonian Talk Story (14\Fall 1998):7.
Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

Borden, Carla and Peter Seitel, editors. Smithsonian Folklife
Festival Program Book. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian
Institution.

, editor. Smithsonian Talk Story (13(Spring 1998).

Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

, editor. Smithsonian Talk Story (14)(Fall 1998).
Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

Cadaval, Olivia, with Lucy Bates, Heidi McKinnon, Diana
Robertson, and Cynthia Vidaurri, compilers. “Culcure &
Environment in the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo Basin: A
Preview.” In Smithsonian Folklife Festival Program Book,
edited by Carla M. Borden and Peter Seitel, 79—93.
Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

. “Latino Community Cultural Heritage Center.”

Smithsonian Talk Story (13XSpring 1998):7. Washington,

D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

and Cynthia Vidaurri. “The Rio Grande/Rio Bravo
Festival Program—A Preview.” Smithsonian Talk Story
(14)(Fall 1998):6. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian
Institution.

Early, James. “Repositioning U.S.-Caribbean Relations:
Reflections on Development and African-American-
Caribbean Identities.” In U.S.-Caribbean Relations: Their
Impact on Peoples and Culture, edited by Ransford W. Palmer.
Westport, CT: Praeger Press.

. “Cultural Policy Issues on the Web.” Smithsonian
Talk Story (13XSpring 1998):6. Washington, D.C.:
Smithsonian Institution.

Franklin, John Whittington and John Hope Franklin, editors.

My Life and an Era: The Autobiography of Buck Colbert
Franklin. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.

Horowitz, Amy. “Folkways at 50.” Smithsonian Talk Story
(33XSpring 1998):1. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian
Institution.

Kennedy, Richard. “Rethinking the Philippine Exhibit at the
1904 St. Louis World's Fair.” In Smithsonian Folklife Festival
Program Book, edited by Carla M. Borden and Peter Seitel,
41-44. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

. “Pabtyas: A Philippine Harvest.” Smithsonian Talk

Story (13XSpring 1998):4. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian

Institution.

. “Pahiyas: A Philippine Harvest.” Smithsonian Talk
Story (14\Fall 1998):4. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian
Institution.

Kusin, Richard. Reflections of a Culture Broker: A View from the
Smithsonian. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Instivution Press.

. The Smithsonian Folklife Festival: Culture Of, By, and

For the People. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

. “The Festival and Folkways—Ralph Rinzler’s Living

Cultural Archives.” In Smithsonian Folklife Festival Program

Book, edited by Carla M. Borden and Peter Seitel, 5-8.

Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

. “Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief” (reprint).

Anthropology 97/98. Guilford, CT: Dushkin Publishing

Group/Brown & Benchmark Publishers.

. “Director's Talk Story.” Smithsonian Talk Story (13XSpring

1998):2. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

. “Director's Talk Story: Funding Cultural Work

Now.” Smithsonian Talk Story (14Fall 1998):2. Washington,

D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

. “Festival Visitor Survey.” Smithsonian Talk Story (14XFall
1998):8. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

N'Diaye, Diana Baird. “AIFS Update.” Smithsonian Talk Story
(13XSpring 1998):9. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian
Institution.

. “Maroon Exhibition.” Smithsonian Talk Story

(13\Spring 1998):9. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian

Institution.

. “African Immigrant Folklife Study Project Update.”
Smithsonian Talk Story (14)Fall 1998):16. Washington, D.C.:
Smithsonian Institution.

. “Update on the Maroon Exhibition.” Smithsonian
Talk Story (14)Fall 1998):17. Washington, D.C.:
Smithsonian Institution.

Parker, Diana. “The Festival As Community.” In Smithsonian
Folklife Festival Program Book, edited by Carla M. Borden and
Peter Seitel, 4. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

. “The Mississippi Delta.” Smithsonian Talk Story

(13XSpring 1998):13. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian

Institution.

Reiniger, Arlene and Tom Vennum. “The Festival Continues:
In Wisconsin.” Smithsonian Talk Story (14)(Fall 1998):1.
Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

. “Wisconsin.” Smithsonian Talk Story (14)(Fall 1998):3.
Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

Rinzler, Kate. “The Fourth Annual Friends of the Festival
Ralph Rinzler Memorial Concert.” Smithsonian Talk Story
(13)(Spring 1998):6. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian
Institution.

Seeger, Anthony. “Ethnomusicology and Music Law”
(reprint). In Bruce Ziff and Pratima V. Rao, Borrowed Power:
Essays on Cultural Appropriation, 52-67. New Brunswick:
Rutgers University Press.

. “Folkways at 50: Festivals and Recordings.” In
Smithsonian Folklife Festival Program Book, edited by Carla
M. Borden and Peter Seitel, 98-99. Washington, D.C.:
Smithsonian Institution.

. “More Folkways News.” Smithsonian Talk Story
(13)(Spring 1998):10. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian
Institution.

. “Speaking of Folkways.” Smithsonian Talk Story
(14)Fall 1998):12. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian
Institution.

Smith, Stephanie. “News from the Archives.” Smithsonian Talk
Story (14)Fall 1998):17. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian
Institution.

Vennum, Thomas Jr. “The Enduring Craftsmanship of
Wisconsin's Native Peoples: The Ojibwe Birch-bark Canoe.”
In Smithsonian Folklife Festtual Program Book, edited by Carla
M. Borden and Peter Seitel, 26-30. Washington, D.C.:
Smithsonian Institution.

. “Birchbark Canoe Technology Filmed.” Smithsonian
Talk Story (13)(Spring 1998):7. Washington, D.C.:
Smithsonian Institution.

Vidaurri, Cynthia and Olivia Cadaval. “Rio Grande/Rio Bravo
Basin Program Extended.” Smithsonian Talk Story
(13)Spring 1998):5. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian
Institution.

Sound Recordings

Black Banjo Songsters of North Carolina and Virginia. SFW
40079.

Deep Polka: Dance Music from the Midwest. SFW 40088.

Woody Guthrie. Hard Travelin’: The Asch Recordings, Volume 3.
SFW 40102.

Heartbeat 2: More Voices of First Nations Women. SFW 40455.

Roscoe Holcomb. The High Lonesome Sound. SFW 40104.

Music of Indonesia 13: Kalimantan Strings. SFW 40429.

Mustc of Indonesia 14: Lombok, Kalimantan, Banyumas:
Little-known Forms of Gamelan and Wayang. SFW 40441.

Music of Indonesia 15 South Sulawesi Strings. SFW 40442.

Pete Reiniger, sound supervisor. A Treasury of Library of
Congress Field Recordings. Selected and annotated by Stephen
Wade. Rounder CD 1500.

155

, recording engineer and sound supervisor. Dan Crary’s

Holiday Guitar. Sugar Hill CD-3871.

, recording engineer and sound engineer. Stephen
Wade's Dancing in the Parlor. County Records CD-2721.

Mike Seeger. Southern Banjo Sounds: An Anthology of Style and
Technique. SFW 40107.

Pete Seeger. Birds, Beasts, Bugs & Fishes (Little and Big). SFW
45039.

. If | Had A Hammer: Songs of Hope and Struggle. SFW
40096.

Shout On: The Lead Belly Legacy, Volume 3. SFW 40105.

The Harry Smith Connection: A Live Tribute to the Anthology of
American Folk Music. SFW 40085.

The Smithsonian Folkways Children’s Music Collection. SFW
45043.

Sounds of North American Frogs: The Biological Significance of
Voice in Frogs. SFW 45060.

Josh White. Free and Equal Blues. SFW 40081.

Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden

Benezra, Neal. An Uncommon Vision: The Des Moines Art Center.
Des Moines: Des Moines Art Center, 1998. Contributing
author.

Demetrion, James T. Introduction in Valerie Fletcher, A
Garden for Art: Outdoor Sculpture at the Hirshhorn Museum.
London and New York: Thames and Hudson in association
with the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, 1998.

. Stanley Spencer: An English Vision. Washington, D.C.:

Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, 1997.

Exhibition brochure.

. An Uncommon Vision: The Des Moines Art Center. Des
Moines: Des Moines Art Center, 1998. Contributing author.

Demerrion, James T., and Andrea Rose. Preface and
Acknowledgments in Stanley Spencer: An English Vision.
New Haven: Yale University Press in association with The
British Council and Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture
Garden, 1997. Essay by Fiona MacCarthy. Exhibition
catalog.

Fletcher, Valerie. A Garden for Art: Outdoor Sculpture at the
Hirshhorn Museum. London and New York: Thames and
Hudson in association with the Hirshhorn Museum and
Sculpture Garden, 1998.

. George Segal, a Retrospective: Sculptures, Paintings,

Drawings. Washington, D.C.: Hirshhorn Museum and

Sculprure Garden, 1998. Exhibition brochure.

. “Saul Baizerman’s Series “The City and the People.’ ”

In Sau! Baizerman’s Lifetime Project, 6-25. Greensboro, N.C.:

Weatherspoon Art Gallery, University of North Carolina,

1997. Exhibition catalog.

. “Violence, Alienation, and Uncertainty in the Art of
Alberto Giacometti.” In A/berto Giacometti, 18-29.

156

Montreal: Montreal Museum of Fine Art, 1998. Exhibition
catalog. English and French editions.

Lawrence, Sidney. Directions—Tony Oursler: Video Dolls with
Tracy Leipold. Washington, D.C.: Hirshhorn Museum and
Sculpture Garden, 1998. Exhibition brochure.

. “Remarks at the Roger Brown Memorial Service,
December 15, 1997.” The School of the Art Institute of
Chicago, Alumni News 9, no. 4 (Winter 1997-98):5.

Rosenzweig, Phyllis. Directions —Kiki Smith: Night.
Washington, D.C.: Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture
Garden, 1998. Exhibition brochure.

. “Grace Hartigan and the Abstract Expressionists.” In
Grace Hartigan: Ab-Ex Pointillism/1988-1993 Baltimore:
Loyola College Art Gallery, 1997. Exhibition catalog.

Viso, Olga M. Directions —Toba Khedoort. Washington, D.C.:
Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, 1997.
Exhibition brochure.

. Triumph of the Spirit: Carlos Alfonzo, A Survey,

1975-1991 Miami: Museum of Modern Art of Dade County,

Miami, Florida, 1998. Contributing author. Exhibition

catalog.

. Triumph of the Spirit: Carlos Alfonzo, A Survey,
1975-1991 Washington, D.C.: Hirshhorn Museum and
Sculpture Garden, 1998. Exhibition brochure. Spanish
edition translated by Pilar Molnar.

Zilezer, Judith. “Identifying Willem de Kooning’s ‘Reclining
Man.” ” American Art 12, no. 2 (Summer 1998): 26-35.

. “The ‘Intentional Fallacy’ and Curatorial Practice.”

Grapevine, no. 27 (September 1997): I-2.

National Air and Space Museum

Division of Aeronautics

Anderson, John. “Research in Supersonic Flight and the
Breaking of the Sound Barrier,” in From Engineering Science to
Big Science: The NACA and NASA Collier Trophy Research
Project Winners, edited by Pamela Mack, NASA SP-4219,
U.S. Government Printing Office, 1998, pp. 55-86.

. “Some Reflections On the History of Fluid Dynamics,”

in Handbook of Fluid Dynamics, edited by Richard Johnson,

CRC Press, 1998, pp. 2-I-2-15.

. A History of Aerodynamics and Its Impact on Flying
Machines, Cambridge University Press, paperback edition,
1998.

Crouch, Tom. “Santos-Dumont and the NASM Airship,” Azr
& Space Smithsonian June/July 1998.

. “From the Earth to the Moon,” movie review, The
Journal of American History, December 1998, pp. 1197-1199.

Davies, Ron. Airlines of Latin America Since 1919, Paladwr
Press, October 1997 reprint.

. Charles Lindbergh, An Airman, His Aircraft, and His

Great Flights, Paladwr Press, November 1997.

. Berlin Airlift, Paladwr Press, July 1998
. Cento Aereo Amanonico, Revista Aerea, April 1998.

Hardesty, Von. Russian Aviation and Air Power, London: Frank
Gass, 1998.

Jakab, Peter. “Samuel Pierpont Langley,” in The Biographical
Encyclopedia of Scientists, edited by Richard Olson and Roger
Smith. New York: Marshall Cavendish Corp., 1998.

. “Seeking Answers: The Wrights Build a Wind
Tunnel.” Reprint of chapter 6, Vistons of a Flying Machine:
The Wright Brothers and the Process of Invention. Hagerstown,
Ind.: Phillip R. Belt, 1997.

Lee, Russell. “Dissecting an Air Force (Air Disarmament
Division's Role in Neutralizing the Luftwaffe and
Plundering its Secrets),” in American Aviation Historical

Society Journal, Volume 44 No. 1, Spring 1999.

Pisano, Dominick. Film review, “The Wright Stuff, written,
produced and directed by Nancy Porter Productions for
The American Experience,” 1996, in The Journal of American
History, December 1997, 1169-1171.

Center for Earth and Planetary Studies

Bulmer, M.H. 1997. Comparisons of mass movements from
modified domes on Venus to submarine volcaniclastic
deposits on Earth. Int. Conf. Volcanic Activity and the
Environment, IAVCEI, Mexico, p. 134.

. 1997. Comparisons between mass movements on
Venus associated with modified domes and those from
escarpments. Lunar Planet. Sci. XX VII, 177-178.

Campbell, B.A., Hawke, B.R., and Thompson, T.W.
Long-wavelength radar studies of the lunar maria, J.
Geophys. Res., 102, 19,307—19,320, 1997.

. Comparison of radar and Clementine multispectral
data for the lunar maria, LPSC XXVIII, 1997.

Campbell, B.A., and Shepard, M.K. Effect of Venus surface
illumination on photographic image texture, Geophys.
Res. Letters, 24, 731-734, 1997.

Campbell, B.A., Arvidson, R.E., Shepard, M.K., and Bracket,
R. Remote sensing of surface processes, in Venus II,
503-526, 1997.

Campbell, B.A. Venus surface processes: Results from
Magellan and questions for future exploration, Eastern
Geophysical Society Mrg., 1997.

Cook, A.C., Watters, T.R., and Robinson, M.S. New stereo
Image Analysis of Mariner 10 Images of Mercury,
Vernadsky-Brown Microsymposium on Comparative
Planetology 26, Moscow, Oct. 13-17, 1997, pp. 26-27.

Craddock, R.A., Crumpler, L.S., Aubele, J.C., and
Zimbelman, J.R. Geology of Chryse Planitia and the
Viking 1 Landing Site: Implications for the Mars
Pathfinder mission, Jour. Geophys. Res., 102, E2,
4161-4183, 1997.

Craddock, R.A., Maxwell, T.A., and Howard, A.D. Crater
morphometry and modification in the Sinus Sabeus and

Margaricifer Sinus Regions of Mars, Jour. Geophys. Res.,
102, E6, 13,321-13,340, 1997.

Craddock, R.A., Eaton, L.S., Russo, C.J., and Torley, R.F., A
new method for determining the emplacement
mechanism(s) of rocks on Mars, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf.,
XXVI, 263-264, 1997.

Craddock R.A., Robinson, M.S., Hawke, B.R., and McEwen,
AS. Clementine—based geology of Moscoviense Basin, lunar
farside, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., XX VII, 265-264, 1997.

Craddock R.A., Crumpler, L.S., Aubel, J.C., and Zimbelman,
J.R. 1997. Geology of central Chyrse Planitiaand the
Viking 1 landing site: Implications for the Mars Pathfinder
Mission, Jour. Geophys. Res. (Planets), 102, E2, 4161-4183.

Edgett, K.S., Butler, B.J., Zimbelman, J.R., and Hamilton,
V.E. (1997) Geologic context of the Mars radar “Stealth”
region in southwestern Tharsis, Jour. Geophys. Res.
(Planets), 102, E9, 21545-21568.

Hanley, D. and Zimbelman, J.R. 1997. Quantifying
topographic control of lava flow emplacement: Kilauea
volcano, Hawaii, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 78 (17), S317.

Jacobberger, P.A. and Jellison, G.P. 1997. “Remote Sensing,”
in Encyclopedia of Planetary Sciences, ed. Rhodes W.
Fairbridge and James H. Shirley, 1st. ed. London; New
York: Chapman and Hall, 1997, pp. 689-696.

Jacobberger, P.A. 1997. “Color,” in Encyclopedia of Planetary
Sciences, ed. Rhodes W. Fairbridge and James H. Shirley,
ist ed. London; New York: Chapman and Hall, pp. 114-115.

Jacobberger, P.A. 1997. “Landsat,” in Encyclopedia of
Planetary Sciences, ed. Rhodes W. Fairbridge and James H.
Shirley, st ed. London; New York: Chapman and Hall,
1997, p- 690.

Space History

Ceruzzi, Paul. “Crossing the Divide: Architectural Issues in
the History of Computing,” Annals of the History of
Computing, 19/1 (1997), pp. 5-12.

. Review of Arthur Norberg and Judy O'Neill,
Transforming Computer Technology (Baltimore, 1996), in
Technology & Culture 39 (July 1998), pp. 596-598.

Collins, Martin J. “Planning for Modern War: RAND and the
Air Force, 1945-1950.” (Ph.D. dissertation, University of
Maryland, 1998).

DeVorkin, David H. “Henry Norris Russell,” “Meghnad
Saha,” and “Hertzsprung Russell Diagram.” Lankford, ed.
Garland History of Astronomy. Garland, 1997.

. “Charles Greeley Abbot,” Biographical Memotrs of the
National Academy of Sciences. National Academy Press, 1998, 3-23.

Herken, Gregg. Article, “History, Fate, and Fortune: The
‘Space Race’ Exhibition,” The Grapevine, March 1998,
Smithsonian Institution.

. “The University of California, the Federal Weapons

Labs, and the Founding of the Atomic West,” in Bruce

Hevly and John Findlay, eds., The Atomic West: 1942-1992

(Univ. of Washington Press, 1998).

157

Needell, Allan. “Project Troy and the Cold War Annexation of
the Social Sciences,” in Christopher Simpson, ed., Universities
and Empire: Money and Politics in the Social Sciences during the
Cold War (New York: The New Press, 1998), pp. 3-38.

. “Science, Scientists and the CIA: Balancing
International Ideals, National Needs, and Professional
Opportunities,” with Ronald E. Doel, Intelligence and
National Security 12(1) 1997, pp. 49-77.

Winter, Frank, with Michael J. Neufeld. “Heylandt’s Rocket
Cars and the V-2: A Little Known Chapter in the History of
Rocker Technology,” in Philippe Jung, ed., AAS History
Series, Vol. 21 (Univelt Corp. for American Astronomical
Society: San Diego, 1998, pp. 41-72.

National Museum of African Art

Chaffers, Pedra. The Poetics of Line: Seven Artists of the Nsukka
Group Family Guide. National Museum of African Art, 1997.

Geary, Christraud M. South Africa, 1936-1949. Photographs by
Constance Stuart Larrabee. National Museum of African Art,
1998 {exhibition brochure].

. “Nineteenth Century Images of the Mangbetu in

Explorers’ Accounts,” in The Scramble for Art in Central Africa,

Enid Schildkrout and Curtis Keim, eds., Cambridge, 1998

(University of Cambridge Press), pp. 133-168.

. “King Njoya,” in Encyclopedia of Africa South of the

Sahara, John Middleton, ed., New York, 1997 (Charles

Scribner), pp. 328-329.

“Photography: Development.” In Encyclopedia of
Africa South of the Sahara. John Middleton (ed.), New York,
1997 (Charles Scribner). pp. 404-409.

Geary, Christraud M. and Virginia Lee Webb, eds. Delivering
Views. Distant Cultures in Early Postcards. Washington, D.C.,
1998 (Smithsonian Institution Press).

Nicolls, Andrea. A Spiral of History: A Carved Tusk from the
Loango Coast, Congo. National Museum of African Art, 1998
{exhibition brochure].

Puccinelli, Lydia. African Forms in the Furniture of Pierre Legrain.
National Museum of African Art, 1998 [exhibition brochure].

Walker, Roslyn A. Olowe of Ise: A Yoruba Sculptor to Kings.
National Museum of African Art, 1998 {exhibition brochure].

National Museum of American Art

Gurney, George. Sculpture Now ’98: The Figure. Washington
Sculptors Group Exhibition at Washington Square,
Washington, D.C., February 2—May 1, 1998. Juror’s
Statement.

158

Hartigan, Lynda Roscoe. “Joseph Cornell's Explorations: Art
on File,” in Joseph Cornell/Marcel Duchamp...in Resonance.
Philadelphia Museum of Art and The Menil Collection,
1998, pp. 220-243.

. “Never Forgetting Bert,” Folk Art Messenger, vol. II,
no. 3, Summer, 1998, pp. 4-5.

Heyman, Therese Thau. Posters American Style. Washington,
D.C.: National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian
Institution in association with Harry N. Abrams, Inc.,
Publishers, 1998.

. Silver & Gold: Cased Images of the California Gold
Rush. Drew Heath Johnson and Marcia Eymann, eds.
Oakland: Oakland Museum of Art, 1998. Preface.

Mecklenburg, Virginia M. “George Bellows's Vine-Clad Shore,
Monhegan Island,” American Art 11, no. 3 (Fall 1997), 74-76.

Murray, Richard. “Elihu Vedder's Drawings for the Rubdiyat,”
American Art Review 10 (March-April 1998): 108-11.

Serwer, Jacquelyn. “Introduction,” David Beck's L’Opera.
Washington, D.C.: National Museum of American Art,
1998.

. “Heroic Relics: The Art of Robert Cottingham.”
American Art, Summer, 1998.

National Museum of American History

Office of Curatorial Affairs
Department of History

Archives Center

Ruffins, Fath. “Culture Wars Won and Lost: Ethnic Museums
on the Mall: The African American Museum on the Mall
Project.” Radical History Review 70 (Winter, 1998).

. “Reflecting on Ethnic Imagery in the Landscape of

Commerce 1945-1976.” In Getting and Spending: American

and European Consumption in the Twentieth Century, edited by

Charles McGovern, et al. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press, 1998.

. “Telling Our Truth: An Abridged History of African

American History.” The Crisis, The Magazine of the NAACP.

105 (February/March, 1998).

Division of Cultural History

Bass, Howard and Rayna Green, producers. Heartbeat 2: More
Voices of First Nations Women. Smithsonian Folkways, 1998.
Audio recording.

Bowers, Dwight. Fascinating Rhythm: The Broadway Gershwin.
BMG Classics, 1998. Recording.

Green, Rayna and Howard Bass, producers. Heartbeat 2: More
Voices of First Nations Women. Smithsonian Folkways, 1998.
Audio recording.

. “The Pocahontas Perplex: Images of American
Indian Women in American Culture.” In Native American
Voices: A Reader, edited by Susan Lobo and Steve Talbot.
New York: Longman, 1998.

. “Native American Women.” In Readings in American
Indian Law: Recalling the Rhythm of Survival, edited by Jo
Carillo. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1998.

Hasse, John Edward. “Jazz: The Sound of Surprise.”
International Gallerie (Mumbai, India) 1 (1998).

. “Key Resources for Teaching Duke Ellington and

Woody Herman. In Jazz and The Classroom: Exploring

American History, Sociology, and Culture Through Music,

edited by Erica C. Mather. Madison: University of

Wisconsin School of Education, 1998.

. “Scott Joplin’s Solace: A Mexican Serenade.” In
American Music: A Panorama. New York: Schirmer Books,
1998.

McGovern, Charles, Susan Strasser, and Matthias Judr, eds.
Getting and Spending: American and European Consumption in the
Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
and Washington, D.C.: German Historical Institute, 1998.

Rand, Harry. “Earth Mother: A Sculpture by Seymour
Lipton.” Werner and Gabrielle Merzbacher Collection.
Jerusalem: Israel Museum, 1998.

. “Working Proof.” On Paper 2 (March-April 1998).

. “Unbekanter Maler aus Bitterfeld: Seidels Bilder
hangen in 16 amerikanischen Museen.” Die Deutsche
Bildungzeit (February 11, 1998).

Shayt, David. “The Jewish Way of Death.” Folklore Forum 29
(1998).

Slowick, Kenneth. The Cello and the King of Prussia. Sony
Virtual Label, 1998. Recording.

Division of the History of Technology

Hacker, Barton C. “‘Hotter Than a $2 Pistol’: Fallout, Sheep,
and the Atomic Energy Commission, 1953-1986.” In The
Atomic West, edited by Bruce Hevly and John M. Findlay.
Seattle: Center for the Study of the Pacific Northwest, in
association with the University of Washington Press, 1998.

. “A Short History of the Laboratory at Livermore.”
Science and Technology Review (Sept. 1998).

Johnson, Paula. “Boat Models, Buoys and Board Games:
Reflecting and Reliving Watermen's Work.” Material
History Review 48 (Fall 1998).

Kendrick, Kathleen. “’The Things Down Stairs’: Containing
Horror in the Nineteenth-Century Wax Museum.”
Nineteenth Century Studies 12 (1998).

Liebhold, Peter and Harry Rubenstein. “Between a Rock and
a Hard Place: A History of American Sweatshops,
1820—Present.” Entry on historymatters Web site
(wwwhistorymatters.gmu.edu).

. “Berween a Rock and a Hard Place.” Labor's Heritage
9 (Spring 1998).

Lubar, Steven. “Men, Women, Production, Consumption.” In
His and Hers: Gender and American Consumerism, 1900-1960,

edited by Arwen Mohun and Roger Horwitz.
Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1998.

Stine, Jeffrey K. “Environmental Policy during the Carter
Presidency.” In The Carter Presidency: Policy Choices in the
Post-New Deal Era, edited by Gary M. Fink and Hugh
Davis Graham. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1998.

Stine, Jeffrey K. and Howard Rosen, eds. Going Underground:
Tunneling Past, Present, and Future. Kansas City: American
Public Works Association, 1998.

Stine, Jeffrey K. and Joel Tarr. “At the Intersection of
Histories: Technology and the Environment.” Technology
and Culture 39 (October 1998).

William Withuhn. “Trains Unlimited.” History Channel,
1998. Television program.

Division of Information Technology and Society

Boudreau, Joan. The Feather Trade and the American
Conservation Movement. 1998 {virtual exhibit].

Delaney, Michelle. The 1896 Washington Salon and Art
Photography. 1998 [virtual exhibit].

Doty, Richard G. America’s Money, America’s Story. Iola, WI:
Krause Publications, 1998 (reprint).

. The Soho Mint and the Industrialization of Money.

London: British Numismatic Society and Spink Ltd., and

Washington, D.C.: National Museum of American

History/Smithsonian Institution, 1998.

Finn, Bernard. “Museums of Science and Technology” in
Maria Ferreira and Jose Rodrigues, eds., Museums of Science
and Tecnology. Madrid: Fundacao Oriente. 1998: pp. 73-81.

. “Technology and Society, Implications for
Museums,” in Renato Cialdea and Donatella Cialdea, eds. I/
Futuro dei Musei della Scienza e della Tecnica. Rome:
University degli Studi di Roma La Spienza, 1998: pp. 74-82
and 292-294.

Eklund, Jon and Peter Morris. “Spectrophotometer.” In
Instruments of Science: An Historical Encyclopedia, edited by
Robert Bud and Deborah Jean Warner. New York: Garland
Publishing Co., 1998.

Forman, Paul. “Clocks, atomic” and “Lock-in detection/
amplifier.” In Instruments of Science: An Historical
Encyclopedia, edited by Robert Bud and Deborah Jean
Warner. New York: Garland Publishing Co., 1998.

. “Molecular Beam Measurements of Nuclear Moments

before Magnetic Resonance: I.I. Rabi and Deflecting Magnets

to 1938. Part I.” Annals of Science 55 (1998).

. “Roundtable Comments {The View from

Postmodernity].” In Physicrsts in the Postwar Political Arena:

Comparative Perspectives, edited by Cathryn Carson. Berkeley:

University of California, Berkeley, 1998.

.““Tunnels!’—A Talk through the Exhibition.” In
Going Underground: Tunneling Past, Present, and Future,
edited by Jeffrey K. Stine and Howard Rosen. Kansas City:
American Public Works Association, 1998.

Kidwell, Peggy. “Calculating machine” and “Planimeter.” In
Instruments of Science: An Historical Encyclopedia, edited by

159

Robert Bud and Deborah Jean Warner. New York: Garland

Publishing Co., 1998.

. Entries on Donald Menzel, Cacilia Payne-

Gaposchkin, Frank Schlesinger, Solon I. Bailey, Antonia

Maury, Otto Struve, Hannibal Ford, and William Ferrel. In

American National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University

Press, 1998.

. Reviews in The Annals of History of Computing, 1998.

. Review in Isis 89 (1998).

Mudd, Douglas. Coinage of Spain. 1998. [Web page].

. Parthia: The Forgotten Empire. 1998. [Web page].

Sherman, Roger. “Heliostat,” in Instruments of Science: An
Historical Encyclopedia, Robert Bud and Deborah Jean
Wamer, eds., The Science Museum, London and The National
Museum of American History in association with Garland
Publishing, Inc., 1998, pp. 305-308.

. “Joseph Henery's Contributions to the Electromagnet

and the Electric Motor,” Rittenhouse, Deborah Jean Warner, ed.,

Vol, 12, No. 4, 1998: pp. 97-106 [article and Web page].

Division of Science, Medicine, and Society

Gossel, Patricia Peck. “Biolistic apparatus,” and “Colony
counter.” In Instruments of Science: An Historical Encyclopedia,
edited by Robert Bud and Deborah Jean Warner. New
York: Garland Publishing Co., 1998.

Kondratas, Ramunas. “Polymerase Chain Reaction.” In
Instruments of Science: An Historical Encyclopedia, edited by
Robert Bud and Deborah Jean Warner. New York: Garland
Publishing Co., 1998.

. “Foreword” to The Laboratory Section of the American
Public Health Association 1899-1999: 100 Years of Research,
Development and Diagnastic Services, by Joel Cohen. Washington,
D.C.: American Public Health Association, 1998.

Turner, Steven. “Goniometer.” In Instruments of Science: An
Historical Encyclopedia, edited by Robert Bud and Deborah
Jean Warner. New York: Garland Publishing Co., 1998.

Warner, Deborah Jean, and Robert Bud, eds. Instruments of
Sczence: An Historical Encyclopedia. New York: Garland
Publishing Co., 1998.

Division of Social History

Adrosko, Rita J., with Mary Cobb Rousselot. A Checklist of
Carpet Patent Models in the Textile Collection. Washington,
D.C.: National Museum of American History, 1998.

Bird, William, Jr., and Harry Rubenstein. Design for Victory:
Posters on the American Home Front, 1947-1945. Princeton:
Princeton Architectural Press, 1998.

Rubenstein, Harry and William Bird, Jr. Design for Victory:
Posters on the American Home Front, 1947-1945 Princeton,
Princeton Architectural Press, 1998.

Rubenstein, Harry and Peter Liebhold. “Between a Rock and
a Hard Place.” Labor's Heritage 9 (Spring 1998).

Smith, Barbara Clark. “Revolution in Boston.” In Boston
National Historical Park and Freedom Trail Handbook.
Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, 1998.

160

Taylor, Lonn. “The Big Bend and the Imagination.” The
Journal of Big Bend Studies 10 (1998).

National Museum of the American Indian

Arellano, Carmen. Dye Bicher der Maya, Mixteken und Azteken.
Die Schrift und thre Funktion in vorspanischen und kolonialen
Codices. Carmen Arellano and Peer Schmidr, eds.
Eichstatt/Frankfurt: Vervuert 1998, 2d ed. (revised and
extended).

. “Einleitung.” In Die Bicher der Maya, Mixteken und

Azteken. Die Schrift und ihre Funktion in vorspanischen und

kolonialen Codices. Carmen Arellano and Peer Schmidr, eds.,

pp. 15-26. Eichstatt/Frankfurt: Vervuert 1998 (Coauthor:

Peer Schmidt) 2d ed. (revised and extended).

. “Schrift und Schriftlichkeit in Mesoamerika und im

Andengebiet: Ein Vergleich.” In Die Bucher der Maya,

Mixteken und Azteken. Die Schrift und ihre Funktion in

vorspanischen und kolonialen Codices. Carmen Arellano and

Peer Schmidr, eds., pp. 29-66. Eichstatt/Frankfurt:

Vervuert 1998 (Coauthor: Nikolai Grube). 2d ed. (revised

and extended).

. “Der Schreiber und seine Schreibutensilien in

Mesoamerika. Zur Stellung des Schreibers vor und nach der

Ankunft der Europaer.” In Die Bucher der Maya, Mixteken

und Azteken. Die Schrift und ibre Funktion in vorspanischen und

kolonialen Codices. Carmen Arellano and Peer Schmidr, eds.
pp. 201-234. Eichstact/Frankfurt: Vervuert 1998, 2d ed.

. “Zwischen Exotik und Armutsvorstellungen der

Dritte- Welt. Interkulturelle Perzeption bei einer

Dorfpartnerschaft, Illingen (Deutschland) und Palca/Tarma

(Peru).” In Transatlantische Perzeptionen: Lateinamerika

Europa USA in Geschichte und Gegenwart, Hans-Joachim

Konig and Stefan Rinke, eds., pp. 367-388.

(Historamericana, vol. 6). Stuttgart 1998.

. “Asentamientos inka en Chakamarka y Tarmarambo

(Dpto. de Junin): Problemas y criterios de interpretacién

para la reconstruccién de una provincia inka.” In I Encuentro

Internacional de Peruanistas. Estado de los Estudios Histérico-sociales

sobre el Perii a fines del siglo XX, tomo 1, pp. 181-193.

Universidad de Lima, Unesco, Fondo de Culnura Econémica.

Lima 1998 (Coauthors: Ramiro Matos, David Brown).

. “Alemania-Latinoamérica. Un modelo de

entrenamiento intercultural.” In International Communication
in Business: Theory and Practice, edited by Robert Gibson,
Pp. 195-202. (European Network for Communication,
Development in Business and Education). Sternenfels;
Berlin: Verlag Wissenschaft und Praxis, 1998 (Coauthor:
Adriana Spadoni).

. “Hanan/Urin: Reflexiones acerca de un concepto dual
inka y su aplicacién en el Chinchaysuyu.” In 50 Astos de

Estudios Americanistas en la Universidad de Bonn. Nuevas

contribuctones a la arqueologia, etnohistoria, etnolingistica y
etnografiz de las Américas. Sabine Dedenbach, Carmen
Arellano, Eva Kénig and Heiko Priimers, eds., pp. 473-493.
(Bonner Amerikanistische Studien, 30). Markt Schwaben:
Verlag Sauerwein 1998.

. 50 Anos de Estudios Americanistas en la Universidad de
Bonn. Nuevas constribuctones a la arqueologia, etnohistoria,

etnolingiistica y etnografia de las Américas. Sabine Dedenbach,
Carmen Arellano, Eva Konig and Heiko Priimers, eds.
(Bonner Amerikanistische Studien, 30). Markt Schwaben:
Verlag Sauerwein 1998.

. “Los Inkas en la sierra central del Pera. Balance
critico desde la perspectiva etnohistérica.” Actas del Simposto
Arg 16 “Los Inkas: Avances arqueologicos, etnohistoricos e

iconograficos”, 490. Congreso Internacional de Americanistas

(Quito, 7-11 de julio de 1997). Carmen Arellano and Laura

Laurencich Minelli, eds. In Tzwantinsuyu, No. 5 (special

issue). Canberra 1998.

. “Introduccién.” Actas del Simposio Arg 16: “Los Inkas:

Avances arqueolégicos, etnohistoricos e tconogrdficos”, 490.

Congreso Internacional de Americanistas (Quito, 7-11 de

julio de 1997). Carmen Arellano and Laura Laurencich

Minelli, eds. In Tawantinsuyu, No. 5 (special issue).

Canberra 1998 (Coauthor: Laura Laurencich Minelli).

. Actas del Simposio Arg 16: “Los Inkas: Avances
arqueologicos, etnohistéricos e iconograficos”, 490. Congreso
Internacional de Americanistas (Quito, 7-11 de julio de
1997). Carmen Arellano and Laura Laurencich Minelli, eds.
In Tzwantinsuyu, No. 5 (special issue). Canberra 1998.

Carroll, S. “Temporary Protection of a Tel Site Excavation in
Central Turkey.” Conservation and Management of
Archaeological Sites 2, no. 3, James and James Publishing
Ltd. (London, 1998): 155-162.

de Montafio, Marty Kreipe. Coyote in Love with a Star. Tales of
the People series for children, National Museum of the
American Indian, Smithsonian Institution. Copublished by
NMAI and Abbeville Press, 1998.

Ganteaume, Cécile R. “Western Apache Tailored Deer Hide
Shirts: Their Resemblance to Full Dress Coats Worn by
Officers in the U.S. Army and Possible Meaning.” American
Indian Art Magazine (1998): 44553104.

Johnson, Tim, ed. Spirit Capture: Photographs from the National
Museum of the American Indian. Copublished by NMAI and
Smithsonian Institution Press, 1998.

. “Keepers of the Power: Story as Covenant in the
Films of Loretta Todd, Shelley Niro and Christine Welsh.”
In Kay Armatage et al., eds. Gendering the Nation: Canadian
Women’s Cinema. University of Toronto Press, 1998.

Kaminitz, Marian. “Cultural Partnerships at the National
Museum of the American Indian.” In Critical Issues in the
Conservation of Ethnographic Materials, CAC Workshop,
1998, Canadian Association for Conservation of Cultural
Property.

Kaplan, Emily et al. “Analisis tecnico de geros pintados de los
Periodos Inca y Colonial.” Iconos, no. 2 (July-December

1999): 30-38. (Journal published by Yachay Wasi, Instituto
Superior de Conservacion, Restauracion y Turismo, Lima,
Peru.)

Medicine Crow, Joseph. Brave Wolf and the Thunderbird. Tales
of the People series for children, National Museum of the
American Indian, Smithsonian Institution. Copublished by
NMAI and Abbeville Press, 1998.

Rapkievian, Carolyn. “Interpreting Native Cultures from the
Native Perspective.” Paper presented at conference on
“Communication and Museography for the 21st Century” in
Madrid, Spain, 4-7 May 1998, and published as part of
conference proceedings by host, Spanish Ministry of
Education and Culture.

West, W. Richard. Speech to Smithsonian Institution
Conference at the Louvre, 14 January 1998. Transcript
published in Connaissance Des Artes (July 1998): 66-73.

National Museum of Natural History

Office of the Director

Smith, C.L., J.C. Tyler, H. Andreyko and D.M. Tyler. 1998.
Behavioral ecology of the sailfin blenny, Emblemaria
pandionis (Pisces: Chaenopsidae), in the Caribbean off
Belize. American Mus. Novitates, 3232: I-40, 27 figs.

Sorbini, L. and J.C. Tyler. 1998. A new genus and species of
Eocene surgeon fish (Acanthuridae) from the Eocene of
monte Bolca, Italy, with similarities to the Recent
Zebrasoma. Museo Civico Storia Naturale Verona, Studi e
Ricerche sui Giacimenti Terziari di Bolca, 7: 7-19, 5 figs.

. 1998. A new species of the Eocene surgeon fish genus
Pesciarichthys from Monte Bolca, Italy (Acanthuridae), with
comments on caudal peduncle armature and supraneurals
in acanthurids. Museo Civico Storia Naturale Verona, Studi
e Ricerche sui Giacimenti Terziari de Bolca, 7: 21-34, 5 figs.

Tyler, J.C. and L. Sorbini. 1998. A new genus and species of
primitive criggerfish from the Eocene of Monte Bolca,
Italy; the earliest known balistoid (Tetradontiformes).
Museo Civico Storia Naturale Verona, Studi e Ricerche sui
Giacimenti Terziari di Bolca, 7: 43-65, 7 figs.

. 1998. On the relationships of Eonaso, an Antillean

fossil surgeon fish (Aanthuridae). Museo Civico Storia

Naturale Verona, Studi e Ricerche sui Giacimenti Terziari

di Bolca, 7: 35-42, 2 figs.

Department of Anthropology

Afable, Patricia. 1998. Review. Asian-Americans: From Racial
Category to Multiple Identities, by Juanita Tamayo Lott.
Philippine Arts, Letters, and Media Council Update,
Nov.-December, 1998 Washington, D.C.

. 1998. AA Linguistic and Historical Note about

“Kanyaw.” The Igorot Quarterly 7.4. Los Angeles.

161

Arnoldi, Mary Jo. 1998. Where Art and Ethnology Met: the 1922
Exhibition of the Herbert Ward collection at the Smithsonian.
The Scramble for Art in Central Aftrica. E. Schildkrout and C.
Keim, eds. Cambridge University Press, New York.

Conklin, Harold C. and William C. Sturtevant. 1998. “Floyd
Glenn Lounsbury” [death notice}. Anthropology Newsletter
39(6):29.

Crowell, A.L. and D.H. Mann. 1998. Archaeology and Coastal
Dynamics of Kenai Fjords National Park, Alaska.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

Fitzhugh, William. 1998. “Archaeology.” Arktts/Antarktis.
Catalogue of an exhibition. Kunst und Ausstellungshalle der
Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Bonn, pp. 24-31.

, ed. 1998. Arctic Studies Center Newsletter, 6. Arctic Studies

Center, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of

Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

. 1998. “Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian

Institution.” Member Insert in: Witness the Arctic 6(1):1—4.

Newsletter of the Arctic Research Consortium of the United States.

. 1998. “Dagbog fra Yamal. Forskning i de nordlige

russiske omrader folger ikke de spilleregler, vi kender fra

Vesten.” Polarfronten 1:11.

. 1998. “Searching for the Grail: Virtual Archeology in

Yamal and Circumpolar Theory.” Erhnografisk Raekke

18:88—118. Danish National Museum, Copenhagen.

Publications of the National Museum Ethnographical

Series 18. R. Gilberg and H.C. Gullov, eds. Copenhagen.

. 1998. “Smithsonian Institution.” Arctic Research of the

United States National Science Foundation 12:116-121.

. 1998. “The Alaska Photographs of Edward W.
Nelson, 1877-1881." Imaging the Arctic, J.C.H. King and
Henrietta Lidchi, eds. Trustees of the British Museum.
British Museum Press. pp. 125-142.

Firzhugh, W.W. and A.L. Crowell, eds. 1998. Crossroads of
Continents: Cultures of Siberia and Alaska. Smithsonian
Institution Press, Washington, D.C.

Fleming, Paula Richardson. 1998. “A Portion of the Promises
Made to Us Have Nor Been Fulfilled: Little Crow and the
Sioux Revolt of 1862." Native Nations: Journeys in American
Photography. Booth-Clibborn Editions and Barbican Art
Gallery, London, pp. 169-184.

Galera, Virginia, Douglas H. Ubelaker, and Lee-Ann Hayek.
1998. “Comparison of Macroscopic Cranial Methods of Age
Estimation Applied to Skeletons from the Terry
Collection.” Journal of Forensic Sciences 43(5):933-939.-

Goddard, Ives. 1998. “Recovering Arapaho Erymologies by
Reconstructing Forwards,” Mir Curad: Studies in Honor of
Calvert Watkins (Innsbrucker Beitrage zur Sprachwissenschaft
(92) Institut fir Sprachwissenschaft der Universitat
Innsbruck, Innsbruck.

. 1998. “Encounters with Frank Siebert.” Maine History

37(3):86-89.

. 1998. [Linguistic editor.} Pleteau (Handbook of North

American Indians 12). Smithsonian Institution, Washington,

De

162

. 1998. Synonymy in the chapter Flathead in Plateau
(Handbook of North American Indians 12), p. 312. Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, D.C.

. 1998. Synonymy in the chapter Kalispel in Plateau
(Handbook of North American Indians 12), p. 296.
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

. 1998. Synonymy in the chapter Middle Columbia River
Salishans in Plateau (Handbook of North American Indians 12).
pp. 269-270. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

. 1998. Synonymy in the chapter Nez Perce in Plateau
(Handbook of North American Indians 12), pp. 437-438.
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Greene, Candace S. 1998. “Courting and Counting Coup:
Cheyenne Ledger Art at Gilcrease.” Gilcrease Journal vol. 6(1):
4-19.

. 1998. Review of Cheyenne Dog Soldiers: A
Ledgerbook History of Coups and Combat, in North Dakota
History vol. 65(1): 35-36.

Homiak, John P. 1998. “Movements of Jah people: from
soundscape to mediascape.” Religion, Diaspora and Cultural
Identity: A Reader in the Anglophone Caribbean. John Puis, ed.
Gordon & Breach Publishers, Newark, N.J., pp. 87-122.

. 1998. “Ethnographic film: then and now”.
Anthropology Explored: the Best of Smithsonian AnthroNotes.
Ruth Osterheis Selig and Marilyn R. London, eds.
Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.

Hull-Walski, Deborah, Suzanne Jenkins, Lisa Palmer, Helena
Wright, and Elaine Johnston. 1998. “Staff Responsiblities”
in Smithsonian Directive 600. Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, D.C.

Humphrey, Johanna, Rachel Allen, Bryna Freyer, Susan
McFarland, Katharine Stewart, Susan Wilkerson, Ildiko
DeAngelis. 1998. “Documentation” in Smithsonian Directives
600. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Hunt, D.R. and B. Frohlich. 1998. “Non-destructive
computerized tomographic investigation of a saponified
body from the late 18th century.” American Journal of
Physical Anthropology, Supplement 26:123—4 abstract.

Kaeppler, Adrienne 1998. Airplanes and Saxophones:
Post-War Images in the Visual and Performing Arts. Echoes
of Pacific War. Deryck Scarr, Niel Gunson, Jennifer Terrell,
eds. Target Oceania, Canberra, pp. 38-63.

. 1998. “Dance and the Concept of Style.” Dance,

Style, Youth, Identities, edited by Theresa Buckland and

Georgiana Gore. Keynote address, Proceedings of the 19th

Symposium of the ICTM Study Group on Ethnochoreology. Czech

Academy of Sciences, Prague.

. 1998. “The Gottingen Collection in an International

Context,” “Tonga—Entry into Complex Hierarchies,”

“Hawai‘i—Ritual Encounters” James Cook, Gifts and

Treasures from the South Seas. Prestel, New York, pp. 86-93,

195-220, 234-248.

. 1998. “Iles Tonga. Danse Lakalaka.” Audiotape,

photos, drawings, and written entry for a Musee de

Lhomme double-CD Dances of the World.

. 1998. “Kava Bowls as Centerpieces for Performance.”
Gestern und Heute—Traditionen in der Sudsee, Markus
Schindlbeck, ed. Verlag von Dietrich Reimer.
Baessler-Archiv for 1997, Neue Folge Band XLV, Berlin,
Pp. 47-61.

. 1998. “Linguistic Analogies in the Study of Dance,”

“Pacific Islands,” “Polynesia,” “Melanesia,” “Micronesia,”

“Tonga,” “Easter Island,” “Music for Dance in the Pacific

Islands.” International Encyclopedia of Dance. Oxford

University Press.

. 1998. “Profile of Oceania,” “Encounters with “The

Other,’” “Encounters among ‘Ourselves,’” “Popular Music,”

“Understanding dance,” “Accouterments of Musical

Performance,” “Compositions of Queen Salote,” “Skin

Drums in Polynesia,” “Brassbands,” “Dance in Australia in

the 1990s,” “Dance in New Guinea,” “Polynesia,” “West

Polynesia,” “East Polynesia,” “Tonga,” “Niue,” “Tuamotu

Islands,” “Hawai'i Dance.” Australia and the Pacific Islands

Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, New York.

. 1998. Review. In Oceania: Visions, Artifacts, Histories,

by Nicholas Thomas. Journal of the Polynesian Society

107(4):432—33.

. 1998. “Tonga and Samoa.” Arts of the Pacific. Douglas
Newton, ed. Barbier-Mueller, Geneva.

Kaeppler, Adrienne L. and Jacob Love, eds. 1998. Australia
and the Pacific Islands, Volume 9 of Garland Encyclopedia of
World Music. Garland Publishing Company, New York
(with audio CD).

Kaupp, P. Ann and Roger Shuy. 1998. “Medicine, Law, and
Education.” In Anthropology Explored, Ruth O. Selig and
Marilyn R. London, eds. Smithsonian Institution Press,
Washington, D.C.

Kaupp, P. Ann, Ruth O. Selig, Alison S. Brooks, JoAnne
Lanouette, eds. 1998. AnthroNotes, National Museum of
Natural History Publication for Educators, 20(1).

Kress, W.J., W.R. Heyer, P. Acevedo, J. Coddington, D. Cole,
TL. Erwin, B.J. Meggers, M. Pogue, R.W. Thorington,
R.P. Vari, M.J. Weitzman, and S.H. Weitzman. Amazonian
biodiversity: assessing conservation priorities with
taxonomic data. Biodiversity and Conservation 7:1577-1587.

Krupnik, Igor. 1998. Foreword. In T.I. Pika (comp.), The Land of
Yamal: Album of Yamal Expeditions by V. Evladov. Bilingual
catalog. Moscow. Pp. 5-16 (in English and in Russian).

. 1998. “Understanding Reindeer Pastoralism in
Modern Siberia: Ecological Continuity versus State
Engineering.” Changing Nomads in a Changing World Ginat,
J. and A. Khazanov, eds. Sussex Academic Press, Portland,
Oregon, pp. 223-242.

Krupnik, Igor and Natalya Narinskaya. 1998. Zhivoi
Yamal/Living Yamal Exhibit Catalog. Moscow: Sovetskii
sport, 64 pp. Bilingual Russian-English edition (to be
published in November).

Krupnik, Igor and Marc G. Stevenson. 1998. Inuit, Whaling,
and Sustainability. AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek and
London.

Laughlin, Robert. 1998. “El Renacimiento Maya: Sna
Jtz’ibajom, La Casa del Escritor,” /a Noticiz, September 25,
Pp. 42.

. 1998. “Sagrada Antorcha, Sagrado Espejo: Las
Perspectivas del Tsotsil.” Memorias del Tercer Congresso
Internacional de Mayistas (9 al 15 de julio de 1995) 835-844,
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City.

Laughlin, Robert M., Francisco Alvarez Q., Diego Mendoz
Guizman. 1998. “A Traveller to the Other World: In
Memory of Anselmo Perez.” Cultural Survival Quarterly,

Spring, 69.

Laughlin, Robert M. and Kathleen J. Bragdon. 1998. “Mayan
Indians and the Passamaquoddy of Maine.” Anthropological
Lingutsts Aid in Cultural Survival, Smithsonian Institution
Press, Washington.

London, M. and D.R. Hunt. 1998. “Morphometric segregation
of commingled remains using the femoral head and
acetabulum. "American Journal of Physical Anthropology,
Supplement 26:152 (abstract).

Loring, Steven. 1998. “In Torngak’s Realm: the
Nineteenth-Century Photography of Moravian Missionaries
in Labrador.” Imaging the Arctic, J.C.H. King and Henrietta
Lidchi, eds. British Museum Press, London. pp. 207-220.

. 1998. “Stubborn Independence: an essay on the Innu
and archaeology.” Bringing Back the Past: Historical
Perspectives on Canadian Archaeology, Pamela Jane Smith and
Donald Mitchell, eds. Mercury Series Archaeological
Survey of Canada Paper 158. Canadian Museum of
Civilization, Ottawa. pp. 259-276.

Manhein, Mary H., Ginesse Listi, N. Eileen Barrow, Robert E.
Barsley, Robert Musselman, and Douglas H. Ubelaker.
1998. “New Tissue Depth Measurements for American
Adults and Children” Proceedings of American Academy of
Forensic Sciences TV:187-188 (abstract).

Mann, D.H., T.D. Hamilton, A.L. Crowell, and B.P. Finney.
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Boggan, J. 1998. The cultivated species of Chirita. Gloxinian
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Kelloff, C.L. and G.S. McKee. 1998. A New Species of
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Kuzoff, R.K., J.-A. Sweere, D-E. Soltis, P.S. Soltis and E.A.
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Littler, M.M. and D.S. Littler. 1998. An undescribed fungal
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. 1997. An illustrated marine flora of the Pelican Cays,
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Mosyakin, S.L. and WL. Wagner. 1998. Notes on two alien
taxa of Rumex L. (Polygonaceae) naturalized in the
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Nowicke, J.W., M. Takahashi and G.L. Webster. 1998. Pollen
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Peterson, P.M. and O. Morrone. 1997 (1998). Allelic variation
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Peterson, P.M. and A.M. Planchuelo. 1998. Bromus catharticus in
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Peterson, P.M., R.J. Soreng, and G. Davidse. 1998. Proposal to
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Peterson, PM., R.D. Webster, and J. Valdes-Reyna. 1997. Genera
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Pruski, J.F. 1997. Proposal to conserve the name
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. 1998. Helianthus porteri (A. Gray) Pruski
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Pruski, J.F. and S.F. Smith. 1997. Tapeinostemon sessiliflorum
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Richardson, K.S. and V.A. Funk. 1998. Using limited data to
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Skog, L.E. and L.P. Kvist. 1998. Novae Gesneriaceae
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Soreng, R.J. 1998. An infrageneric classification for Poa in
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Soreng, R.J. and J.I. Davis. 1998. Phylogenetics and character
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Soreng, R.J. and E.E. Terrell. 1998. Taxonomic notes on
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Stenroos, S. and P.T. DePriest. 1998. Small insertions at a
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. 1998. SSU phylogeny of the cladoniiform lichens.
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Strong, M.T. 1997. Machaerina (Cyperaceae) in South
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Strong, M.T. and P. Goetghebeur. 1998. (1328-1329) Two
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Sytsma, K.J.,D.A. Baum, A. Rodriquez, W.J. Hahn, L.
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Turquet, J., J.P. Quod, A. Coute and M.A. Faust. 1998.
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Wagner, WL. 1998. Species status for a Sonoran Desert annual
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Wagner, W.L. and D.H. Lorence. 1998. A new, dioecious
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Weitzman, A.L. 1998. Neotatea (Clusiaceae). Pp. 308-310. In
The Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, vol. 4.

Weitzman, A.L., L.E. Skog, W.T. Wang, K.Y. Pan, and Z.Y.
Li. 1998. New taxa, new combinations, and notes on
Chinese Gesneriaceae. Novon 7: 423-435 [publication date
“1997"].

Wen, J.,S. Shi, R.K. Jansen and E.A. Zimmer. 1998.
Phylogeny and biogeography of Aralia sect. Aralia
(Araliaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 85: 866-875.

Yatskievych, G. and W.L. Wagner. 1998. (1374) Proposal to
amend Art. 46.6 to avoid “Anonymous” as author of a
name. Taxon 47: 773-774.

Department of Entomology

Adis, J., Amorim, M.A., Erwin, T.L., and Bauer, T. 1997.

On Ecology, Life History and Survival Strategies of a
Wing-Dimorphic Ground Beetle (Col.: Carabidae:
Odacanthini: Colliuris) Inhabiting Central Amazonian
Inundation Forests. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and
Environment, Swets & Zeitlinger, 32: 174-192 [10 figs.].

Alarie, Y., Wang, L., Nilsson, A.N., and Spangler, P.J. 1997.
Larval Morphology of Four Genera of the Tribe Hyphydrini
Sharp (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae) with an
Analysis of Their Phylogenetic Relationships. Annals of the
Entomological Society of America, 90(6): 709-735.

Boobar, L.R., Spangler, P.J., Gibbs, K.E., Longcore, J.R., and
Hopkins, K.M. 1998. Predaceous Diving Beetles in Maine:
Faunal List and Keys to Subfamilies. Northeastern
Naturalist, 5(1): 1-20.

Corrales, J.F. and Epstein, M.E. 1997. Review of Costa Rican
Venadicodia, with descriptions of two new species and
localities for V. ruthea (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae). Revista
de Biologia Tropical, 45(3): 1093-1105 {28 figs.].

Davis, D.R. 1998. A World Classification of the
Harmacloninae, a New Subfamily of Tineidae (Lepidoptera:
Tineoidea). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 597:
1-81 (346 figs.].

. 1998. A Revision of the Genus Lamryristis Meyrick

(Lepidoptera: Psychidae) and Proposal of a New Related

Genus Acoremata from Southeast Asia. Proceedings of the

Entomological Society of Washington, 100(1): 114-125

{31 figs.].

168

Epstein, M.E. 1998. Environmental Auditing: Butterflies
(Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea) of
Roxborough State Park, Colorado, USA: Baseline
Inventory, Community Attributes, and Monitoring Plan.
Environmental Management, 22(2): 287-295 {3 figs.].

. 1995 (1997). Evolution of locomotion in slug

caterpillers (Lepidoptera: Zygaenoidea: Limacodid group).

Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 34: I-13 {22 figs.].

. 1997. Biology of Dalcerides ingenita (Lepidoptera:
Dalceridae). Tropical Lepidoptera, 8(2): 49-59 [39 color figs.].

Feller, I.C. and Mathis, W.N. 1997. Primary Herbivory by
Wood-Boring Insects along an Architectural Gradient of

Rhizophora mangle. Biotropica, 29(4): 440-451 [3 figs.; 3
tables}.

Flint, O.S., Jr., and Bueno-Soria, J. 1998. Studies of
Neotropical Caddisflies LVI: Descriptions of Five New
Species of the Genus Metrichia Ross (Trichoptera:
Hydroptilidae) from Pakitza, Peru, with a Checklist and
Bibliography of the Described Species of the Genus.
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington,
100(3): 489-496 [12 figs.].

Flint, O.S., Jr. 1998. New species and records of Climacia from
the Neotropics (Neuroptera, Sisyridae). Acta Zoologica
Fennica, 209: 107-117 [39 figs.}.

. Studies of Neotropical Caddisflies, LHI: A

Taxonomic Revision of the Subgenus Curgia of the Genus

Chimarra (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae). Smithsonian
Contributions to Zoology, 594: 1-131 [446 figs.; 26 maps]
Froeschner, R.C. 1995. Rolstonus rolstont, New Genus and New
Species of Acanthosomatidae from Argentina (Heteroptera:

Pentatomoidea: Ditomorarsini). Journal of the New York
Entomological Society, 103(4): 360-363 {3 figs.].

Furth, D.G. 1997. Alticinae of Israel and Adjacent Areas:
Smaller Genera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Isreal Journal
of Entomology, 31: 121-146.

Glassberg, J., Opler, P., Pyle, R.M., Robbins, R.K., and
Tuttle, J. 1998. There’s no need to release
butterflies—they re already free. American Butterflies, 6: 2.

Griswold, C.E., Coddington, J.C., Hormiga, G. and Scharff,
N. 1998. Phylogeny of the orb-web building spiders
(Araneae, Orbiculariae: Deinopoidea, Araneoidea).
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 123: I-99
{48 figs.].

Henry, T.J. and Froeschner, R.C. 1998. Catalog of the Stilt
Bugs, or Berytidae, of the World (Insecta: Hemiptera:
Heteroptera). Contributions of the American
Entomological Institute, 30(4): 1-72 {1 fig.].

Heraty, J. and MLE. Schauff 1998. Mandibular teeth in
Chalcidoidea: function and phylogeny. Journal of Natural
History 32: 1227-1244.

LaFontaine, J.D. 1998. Noctuoidea, Noctuidae (Part). The
Moths of America North of Mexico, 1-348.

Liebherr, J.K. and Polhemus, D.A. 1997. R-C.L. Perkins: 100
Years of Hawaiian Entomology. Pacific Science, 51(4):
343-355 {8 figs.].

. 1997. Comparisons to the Century Before: The
Legacy of R.C.L. Perkins and Fauna Hawaiiensis as the
Basis for a Long-Term Ecological Monitoring Program.
Pacific Science, 51(4): 490-504.

Malikul, V. {illust.}. Eastern Butterflies, by PA. Opler. The
Peterson Field Guide Series, Houghton Mifflin Co.,
Boston, 1-486.

Mathis, W.N. and Zarwarnicki, T. 1998. A Review of the
West Indian Species of Mimapsilopa Cresson (Diptera:
Ephydridae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of
Washington, 100(1): 7-24 [33 figs.].

Mathis, W.N. 1997. Shore Flies of the Belizean Cays (Diptera:
Ephydridae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 592:
1-77 [258 figs.; 6 tables}.

. 1997. A Revision of Neotropical Ditricohphora
Cresson (Diptera: Ephydridae). Proceedings of the
Entomological Society of Washington, 99(4): 697-704
{4 figs.].

Moffett, M.W. [photographer]. 1998. Planer of the Beetles, by
D. H. Chadwick. National Geographic, 193(3): 100-119.
Polhemus, D.A. 1997. Phylogenetic Analysis of the Hawaiian
Damselfly Genus Megalagrion (Odonata: Coenagrionidae):
Implications for Biogeography, Ecology, and Conservation

Biology. Pacific Science, 51(4): 395-412 [9 figs.; 1 table].

. 1998. Two New Species of Water Striders

(Heteroptera: Gerridae) from the Philippines. Proceedings

of the Entomological Society of Washington, 100(2):

261-268 {9 figs.].

. 1998. Nysius AA (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae), a new
species of Micropteraous Wekiu Bug from the Summit of
Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawaii. Proceedings of the
Entomological Society of Washington, 100(1): 25-31
{9 figs.].

Polhemus, D.A. and Polhemus, J.T. 1997. A Review of the
Genus Limnometra Mayr in New Guinea, with the
Description of a Very Large New Species (Heteroptera:
Gerridae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society,
105(I-2): 24-39 [15 figs.].

. 1998. Assembling New Guinea: 40 million years of

island arc accretion as indicated by the distributions of

aquatic Heteroptera (Insecta). Biogeography and Geological
Evolution of Southeast Asia, 327-340 [5 figs.; 1 table].

Schauff, M.E. 1998. New Eulophidae (Hymenoptera) reared
from citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton
(Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Proceedings of the
Entomological Society of Washington, 100: 256-260.

Schauff, M.E. and LaSalle, J. 1998. The relevance of
systematics to biological control: protecting the investment
in research. Pp. 425-436. In Pest Managment—Future
Challenges. Volume 1. Proceedings of the 6th Australian
Applied Entomological Conference, Brisbane 29
September—z October 1998.

Schauff, M.E., LaSalle, J., and Coote, L. 1997. Family
Eulophidae, pp. 327-429. In Annotated keys to the genera
of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera), G.

Gibson, J. Huber, and J. Woolley, eds. NRC Reseach Press,
Ottawa.

Schauff, M.E., LaSalle, J., and Wijeseskara, A. 1998. The
Genera of Chalcid Parasites (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)
of Citrus Leafminer, Phy/locnistis citrella Stainton
(Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Journal of Natural History 32:
IOOI—1056.

Spangler, P.J. 1997. Two new species of the aquatic beetle
genus Macrelmis Motschulsky from Venezuela (Coleoptera:
Elmidae: Elminae), Insecta Mundi, 11(1): I-20.

Spangler, P.J. and Decu, V. 1998. Coleoptera Aquatica, pp.
1031-1046. In Encyclopaedia Biospeologica, Juberthie, C.
and Decu, V., eds., Société de Biospéologie, Bucarest.

Tormos, J., Krombein, K.V., Asis, J.D., and Gayubo, S$.F.
1998. Descriptions of Mature Larvae of Two Amiseginae,
With a Dicussion of Larval Characters in the Chrysididae
(Hymenoptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of
America, 91(5): 598—Gor [13 figs.].

Wetterer, J.K., Schultz, T.R. and Meier, R. 1998. Phylogeny
of Fungus-Growing Ants (Tribe Attini) Based on mtDNA
Sequence and Morphology. Molecular Phylogenetics and
Evolution, 9(1): 42-47.

Wolda, H., O’Brien, C., and Stockwell, H.P. 1998. Weevil
Diversity and Seasonality in Tropical Panama as Deduced
from Light-Trap Catches (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea).
Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 590: 1-79.

Department of Invertebrate Zoology

Bayer, EM. 1997. Narella nuttingi, a new gorgonacean ococoral
of the Family Primnoidae (Anthozoa) from the eastern
Pacific. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington
110(4):511-519.

. 1997. Ritsea and riisei Duchassaing & Michelotti,

1860 (Cnidaria, Anthozoa): proposed conservation as the

correct original spellings of generic and specific names

based on the surname Riise. Bu/letin of Zoological

Nomenclature 54(1):11—-13.

. 1997. Umbellula Cuvier, (1797) (Cindaria, Anthozoa):
proposed conservation as the correct original spelling, and
corrections to the entries relating to Umbellularia Lamarck,
1801 on the Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology.
Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 54(1):14-18.

Bayer, FM. and A.A. Olsson. 1998. A review of the
circumaustral gorgonacean genus Fannyella Gray, 1870 with
descriptions of five new species. Senckenbergiana Biologica
77(2):161-204.

Blow, W.C. and R.B. Manning. 1997. A new genus,
Martinetta, and two new species of xanthoid crabs from the
middle Eocene Santee limestone of South Carolina. Tu/ene
Studies in Geology and Paleontology 30(3):171-180.

Boury-Esnault, N. and K. Ruetzler. 1997. Thesaurus of
sponge morphology. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
596:1-55.

169

Caims, S.D. 1997. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of
the Turbinoliidae (Cnidaria: Scleractinia). Smithsonian
Contributions to Zoology 591:I-55.

. 1998. Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria:
Anthozoa) of Western Australia. Records of the Australian
Museum 18:361-417.

Chace, F.A., Jr. 1997. The Caridean shrimps (Crustacea:
Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition,
1907-1910, Part 7: Families Atyidae, Eugonatonotidae,
Rhynchocinetidae, Bathypalaemonidae, Processidae, and
Hippolytidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 587:1-106,

figs. I-29.

Fauchald, K. and G. Rouse. 1997. Polychaete systematics: Past
and present. Zoologica Scripta 26(2):71-138.

Ferrari, F. and A. Benforado. 1998. Setation and setal groups
on antenna I of Ridgewayia klausruetzleri, Pleuromamma
xiphias, and Pseudocalanus elongatus (Crustacea: Copepoda:
Calanoida) during the copepodid phase of their
development. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington
I11(1):209—221.

Ferraris, J.D. and J.L. Norenburg. 1997. Oxygen uptake
during repeated exposure to temperature change:
Pysiological divergence in Panamanian cognate pairs and
latitudinally distant populations of decapod Crustacea.
Marine Ecology 18(2):127—-146.

. 1997. Volume and ion regulation during repeated
exposure to temperature change: Physiological divergence
in Trans-Isthmain cognate pairs and latirudinally distant
populations of decapod crustacea. Marine Ecology
18(3):193—209.

Fornshell, J. and F. Ferrari. 1998. Oceanography in high school
setting. The Oceanography Society Magazine 11:153-154.

Heard, R.W. and R.B. Manning. 1997. Austinixa, a new genus
of pinnotherid crab (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura), with
the description of A. Aardyi, a new species from Tobago,
West Indies. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington
110(3):393-398.

Hershler, R. and D. Sada 1998. A systematic review of the
hydrobiid snails (Gastropoda: Rissoidea) of the Great Basin,
western United States. Part I. Genus Pyrgulopsis. The Veliger
41(1):I-132

Kabat, A.R. 1998. Superfamily naticoidea. In P.L. Beesley,

G J.B. Ross and A. Wells, eds., Mollusca: The southern
Synthesis. Fauna of Australia, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne
B(5):790-792.

Kensley, B. 1998. Estimates of species diversity of free-living
marine isopod crustaceans on coral reefs. Coral Reefs
17:83-88.

Kensley, B. and R. Heard. 1997. Tridentella ornata (Richardson
1911), new combination: records of hosts and localities
(Crustacea: Isopoda: Tridentellidae). Proceedings of the
Biological Society of Washington 110(3):422-425.

Kensley, B., M. Ortiz and M. Schotte 1997. New records of
marine Isopoda from Cuba (Crustacea:Percarida). Proceedings
of the Biological Society of Washington 110(1):74-98.

170

Kornicker, L.S. 1997. The four faces of the maxilla (Ostracoda:
Cypridinidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology 17(4):654-658,
figs. I-2.

Kornicker, L.S. and B.A. Thomassin. 1998. Ostracoda
(Myodocopina) of Tulear reef complex, SW Madagascar.
Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 595:1-134.

Kornicker, L.S. and E. Harrison-Nelson. 1997. Myodocopid
Ostracoda of Pillar Point Harbo, Half Moon Bay,
California. Sxztthsonian Contributions to Zoology 593:1-53,
figs.1-28.

Kornicker, L.S. and T.M. Iliffe. 1998. Myodocopid Ostracoda
(Halocypridina, Cladocopina) from anchialine caves in the
Bahamas, Canary Islands, and Mexico. Smithsonian
Contributions to Zoology 599:1-93.

Lu, H. and K. Fauchald. 1998. Description of Eunice weintraubi
and E. wxi, two new species of eunicid polychaetes from
northern Gulf of Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society
of Washington 111(1):230—240.

Manning, R.B. and T.Y. Chan. 1997. The Genus Faughnia
from Taiwan, with the description of a new species
(Stomatopoda: Parasquillidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology
17(3):546-554.

McLaughlin, P.A. and R. Lemaitre. 1997. Carcinization in the
Anomura—fact or fiction? I. Evidence from adult
morphology. Contributions to Zoology, Amsterdam 67(2)79—123.

Nates, S.E, D.L. Felder and R. Lemaitre. 1997. Comparative
larval development in two species of the burrowing ghost
shrimp Genus Lepidophthalmus (Decapoda: Callianassidae).
Journal of Crustacean Biology 17(3):497—-519.

Ortiz, M. and R. Lemaitre. 1997. Seven new amphipods
(Crustacea: Peracarida: Gammaridea) from the Caribbean
coast of South America. Boletim de Investigaciones Marinas y
Costeras 26:71—104.

Perez Farfante, I. and B. Kensley. 1997. Penaeoid and
sergestoid shrimps and prawns of the world. Keys and
diagnoses for the families and genera. Mémoires du Muséum
national d Histoire naturelle, Parts, series 4 175:1-233.

Reid, J.W. 1997. Argyrodtaptomus nhumirim, a new species, and
Austrinodiaptomus kleereloperi, a new genus and species, with
redesction of Argyrodiapomus macrochaetus Brehm, new rank,
from Brazil (Crustacea: Copepoda: Diaptomidae).
Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington
110 4):57I-GOo.

. 1998. How “cosmopolitan” are the continental
cyclopoid copepods? Comparison of the North American
and eurasian faunas, with description of Acenthocyclops
parasensitivus sp.n. (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) from the U.S.A.
Zoologischer Anzeiger 236:109-118.

Reid, J.W. and J.D. Spooner. 1998. Stolonicyclops heggtensis, new
genus, new species, from Georgia, U.S.A. (Copepoda:
Cyclopoida: Cyclopidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology
18(2):405—411.

Ruetzler, K. 1997. The role of psammobiontic sponges in the
reef community. Proceedings of the &h International Coral Reef
Symposium 2:1393-1398.

Talbot, M.S. 1997. Doxomysis acanthia, a new leptomysinid
(Crustacea: Mysidacea) from the northern Great Barrier
Reef, Australia, with extensions to the known distributions
of D. australiensis W.M. Tattersall, 1940 and D. spinata
Murano, 1990, and a key to the genus Doxomrysis. Proceedings
of the Biological Society of Washington 110(3):426—438.

Tchesunov, A.V. and W.D. Hope. 1997. Thalassomermis
megamphis n. gen., n. sp. (Mermithidae: Nemata) from the
bathyal south Aclantic Ocean. Journal of Nematology
29(4):451-464.

Tudge, C.C. 1997. Phylogny of the Anomura (Decapoda,
Crustacea): Spermatozoa and spermatophore morphological
evidence. Contributions to Zoology, Amsterdam 67(2):125—I41.

Tudge, C.C., B.G.M. Jamieson, L. Sandberg and C. Erseus.
1998. Ultrastructure of the mature spermatozoon of the
king crab Lithodes maja (Lithodidae, Anomura, Decapoda):
further confirmation of a lithodid-pagurid relationship.
Invertebrate Biology 117(1):57-66.

Vecchione, M. 1997. Book Review Cephalopod Behaviour. by
R.T. Hanlon and J.B. Messenger, 1996. Transactions of the
American Fisheries Society 126(4):723-724.

Volkmer-Ribeiro, C. and K. Ruetzler. 1997. Pachyrotula, a new
genus of freshwater sponges from New Caledonia (Porifera:
Spongillidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of
Washington 110(4):489-5o1.

Department of Mineral Sciences

Benedix, G.K., McCoy, TJ., Keil, K., Bogard, D.D., and
Garrison, D.H. 1998. A petrologic and isotopic study of
winonaites: Evidence for early partial melting, brecciation,
and metamorphism. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 62,
PP- 2535-2553.

Bocarsly, A.B., Clark, C., Wu, Y., and Vicenzi, E.P. 1997.
Inorganic Photolithography: Interfacial Multicomponent
Pattern Generation. Journal of Chemical Education, v.74, pp-
663-667.

Cemy, P., Ercit, T.S., Wise, M.A., Chapman, R., and Buck, H.M.
1998. Compositional, structural, and phase relationships in
titanian ixdolite and titanian columbite-tantalite. Canadian
Mineralogist v. 36, pp. 547-561.

De, B., Heaney, P.J., Hargraves, R.B., Vicenzi, E.P., and
Taylor, P.T. 1998. The formation of polycrystalline
diamond: The carbonado conumdrum. Earth and Planetary
Science Letters, v. 164, pp. 421-133.

Dyar, M.D., Taylor, M.E., Lutz, T.M., Francis, C.A., Guidotti,
C.V.,and Wise, M.A. 1998. Inclusive chemical characterization
of tourmaline: Méssbauer study of Fe valence and site
occupancy. American Mineralogzst, v. 83, pp. 848-864.

Ferry, J.M., Sorensen, S.S.,and Rumble, D. III. 1998.
Structurally controlled fluid flow during contact
metamorphism in the Ritter Range pendant, California,
U.S.A. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 130,
Pp- 358-378.

Fiske, R.S., Cashman, K.V., Shibata, A., and Watanabe, K.
1998. Tephra dispersal from Myojinsho, Japan, during its
shallow submarine eruption of 1952-1953: Bulletin of
Volcanology, v. 59, pp- 262-275.

French, B.M. 1997. Memorial: Eugene M. Shoemaker
(1928-1997), Meteorttics and Planetary Science, v. 32, p. 985.
French, B.M. and C.M. Anderson. 1997. “The man passing by
on his way to the Moon” (memorial to E.M. Shoemaker),
The Planetary Report, v. 17, no. 6, (Nov.-Dec., 1997),

PP- 14-I5.

Fritsch, S., Post, J.E. and Navrotsky, A. 1997. Energetics of
low temperature polymorphs of manganese dioxides and
oxyhydroxides. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 61,
2613-2616.

Giaramita, M., MacPherson, G.J., and Phipps, S.P. 1998.
Petrologically diverse basalts from a fossil oceanic forearc in
California: The Llanada and Black Mountain remnants of
the Coast Range Ophiolite. Geological Society of America
Bulletin, v. 110, pp. §53-571-

Keller, G., Liangquan, L., Stinnesbeck, W., and Vicenzi, E.
1998. The K/T mass extinction, Chicxulub and the
impact-kill effect. Bulletin Sociétié Géologique de France, v.
169, 0. 4, pp. 485-491.

Kimberly, P., Siebert, L., Luhr, J.-F, and Simkin, T. 1998.
Volcanoes of Indonesia, v. 1.0 (CD-ROM), Smzthsonian
Institution, Global Volcanism Program, Digital Information
Sertes, GVP-1.

McCoy, T.J. 1998. A pyroxene-oldhamite clast in Bustee:
Igneous aubritic oldhamite and a mechanism for the Ti
enrichment in aubritic troilite. Antarctic Meteorite Research,
V. II, 34-50.

McKeegan, K.D., Leshin, L.A., Russell, S.S., and
MacPherson, G.J. 1998. Oxygen isotopic abundances in
calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions from ordinary
chondrites: Implications for nebular heterogeneity. Science,
v. 280, pp. 414-418.

Melson, W.G., Post, J-E., Wise, M.A., Sorenson, S.S., Fiske,
R.S., Luhr, J.F., MacPherson, G.J., and McCoy, TJ. 1997.
Diamonds to diamonds: a tour of the Smithsonian’s new
Geology, Gems & Mineral Hall. Geotimes, December 1997.

Mittlefehldt D.W., McCoy, T.J., Goodrich, C.A., and Kracher,
A. 1998. Non-chondritic meteorites from asteroidal bodies.
In: Planetary Materials (J.J. Papike, ed.), Reviews in
Mineralogy, v. 36, pp. 41-195.

Molodetsky, I.E., Vicenzi, E.P., and Law, C.K. 1998. Phases of
titanium combustion in air. Combustion and Flame, v. 112, n.
4, PP. 522-532.

Peng, G., Luhr, J.E, and McGee, J.J. 1997. Factors controlling
sulfur concentrations in volcanic apatite. American
Mineralogist, v. 82, pp. 1210-1224.

Post, J.E. 1997. The National Gem Collection. Harry Abrams,
Inc., New York, 144 pp.

Post, J.E., Wise, M.A., Feather, R.C., and Pohwar, P.W. 1998.
The Smithsonian Institution's new hall of geology, gems,
and minerals. Rocks and Minerals, v. 73, pp- 44-51.

Rose, T.R., Wise, M.A. and Brown, C.D. 1997. Renewed
mining at the western quarries of Mount Apatite, Maine.
Rocks and Minerals, v.72, pp. 44-48.

Rouse, R.C., Dunn, P.J., Peacor, D.R., and Wang, L. 1998.
Structural studies of the natural antimonian pyrochlores.
Journal of Solid State Chemistry, v. 141, pp. 562-569.

Russell S.S., McCoy T.J., Jarosewich E., and Ash, R.D. 1998.
The Burnwell, Kentucky, low-FeO chondrite fall:
Description, classification and origin. Meteoritics and
Planetary Science, v. 33, pp. 853-856.

Sharp, S.L., Kumar, G., Vicenzi, E.P., Bocarsly, A.B., and
Heibel, M. 1998. Formation and structure of a tin-iron
oxide solid-state system with potential applications in
carbon monoxide sensing through the use of cyanogel
chemistry. Chemistry of Materials, v. 10, pp. 880-885.

Smeds, S-A., Uher, P., Cerny, P., Wise, M.A., Gustafsson, L.,
and Penner, P. 1998. Graftonite-beusite in Sweden: primary
phases, products of exsolution, and distribution in zoned
populations of granitic pegmatites. Canadian Mineralogist,
V. 36, PP. 377-394.

Snell, H.M., Snell, H.L., Davis-Merlin, G., Simkin, T.,
Silberglied, R.E., 1996/7. Bibliografa de Galapagos
1535-1995 (Galapagos Bibliography 1535-1995). Fundacion
Charles Darwin, Quito, 321 pp.

Sorensen, S.S., Dunne, G.C., Hanson, R.B., Barton, M.D.,
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Wise, M.A., Cerny, P., and Falster, A.U. 1998. Scandium
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Wu, Y., Pfenning, B.W., Sharp, S., Ludwig, D.R., Warren,
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Department of Paleobiology

Aronson, R.B.; Precht, W.F.; and Macintyre, I.G. “Extrinsic
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Benson, R.H. Review. “Miocene Stratigraphy—An Integrated
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Bernasconi, M.P., and Stanley, D.J. “Molluscan Biofacies, their
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Bijma, Jelle; Hemleben, Christoph; Huber, B.T.; Erlenkeuser,
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Bowring, S.A., and Erwin, D.H. “A new Look at Evolutionary
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Bowring, S.A.; Erwin, D.H.; Jin, Y.G.; Martin, M.W.;
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Buzas, M.A., and Hayek, L.C. “SHE Analysis for Biofacies
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Cheetham, A.H., and Jackson, J.B.C. “The Fossil Record of
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DiMichele, W.A. ONLINE “Love's Labour Lost? Or the Tragic
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Domning, D.P.; Emry, R.J.; Portell, R.W.; Donovan, S.K.;
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Emry, R.J.; Lucas, $.G.; Tyutkova, Lyubov; and Wang,
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Galili, Ehud; Stanley, D.J.; Sharvit, Jacob; and Weinstein-Evron,
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Graus, R.R., and Macintyre, I.G. “Global Warming and the
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Greenstein, B.J.; Curran, H.A.; and Paldolfi, J.M. “Shifting
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Greenstein, B.J.; Pandolfi, J.M.; and Curran, H.A. “The
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Hayek, L.C., and Buzas, M.A. “SHE Analysis: an Integrated
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Korth, W.W., and Emry, R.J. A New Species of Ax/olithomys
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Lessios, H.A., and Macintyre, I.G., editors. Proceedings of the
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Lucas, $.G.; Emry, R.J.; and Foss, $.G. Taxonomy and
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Lucas, $.G.; Emry, R.J.; and Tleuberdina. Franconictis
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Lucas, $.G.; Kordikova, E.G.; and Emry, R.J. “Oligocene
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Macintyre, I.G., and Reid, R.P. “Recrystallization in Living
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Mamay, S.H.; Hook, R.W.; and Hotton, Nicholas III.
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Manchester, S.R.; Dilcher, D .L.; and Wing, S.L. “Attached
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Neuman, R.B.; Bruton, D.L.; and Pojeta, John, Jr. “Fossils
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Paldolfi, J.M. “Roles for Worms in Reef-building.” Cora! Reefs
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Phillips, T.L., and DiMichele, W.A. “A Transect through a
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Reid, R.P., and Macintyre, I.G. “Carbonate Recrystallization
in Shallow Marine Environments: A Widespread
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Stanley, D.J. Nile Delta: A Geological Excursion (1997).
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Stanley, D.J., and Bernasconi, M.P. “Relict and Palimpsest
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Stanley, D.J., and Goodfriend, G.A. “Rapid Subsidence and
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Stanley, D.J.; Mart, Yossi; and Nir, Yaacov. “Clay Mineral
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Stanley, D.J.; Nir, Yaacov; and Galili, Ehud. “Clay Mineral
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Stanley, D.J.; Schepis, K.; Arad, V.; and Bartov, Y. “Aswan
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Stanley, D.J., and Warne, A.G. “Holocene Sea-level Change
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Steneck, R.S.; Macintyre, I.G.; and Reid, R.P. “A Unique
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Steneck, R.S.; Miller, T.E.; Reid, R.P.; and Macinryre, I.G.
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Visscher, P.; Reid, R .P.; Bebout, B.M.; Hoeft, S.E.;
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Waller, T.R. “Origin of the Molluscan Class Bivalvia and a
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Wilf, Peter; Wing, S.L.; Greenwood, D.R.; and Greenwood,
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Wing, S.L. “Tertiary Vegetational History of North America
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. “Late Paleocene—Early Eocene Floral and Climatic
Change in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming.” In Late
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Wing, S.L., and Boucher, L.D. “Ecological Aspects of the
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Yochelson, E.L. “Walcott in Scotland.” The Edinburgh Geologist
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. Review of “The Polar Seas,” by David Dobson. Science

Books & Films 33 (5X1997): 143.

. Review of “Historical Perspective of Early Twentieth

Century Carboniferous Paleobotany in North America,”

edited by P.C. Lyons, E.D. Morey, and R.H. Wagner. Earth

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. Charles Doolittle Walcott, Paleontologist (1998). Kent,

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. “A Field Geologist/Paleontologist in Western Utah:

C.D. Walcott and his Work in the House Range 1903 and

1905.” Brigham Young University Geology Studies 43 (1998):

189-207.

. “The Washington Academy of Sciences: Background,

Origin, and Early Years.” Journal of the Washington Academy

of Sctences 84 (4X1998): 184-220.

. “Arthur Brown—the Forgotten ‘Assistant for all

Seasons.’” Marella Number 7 (1998): 10-14.

. “Franco Rasetti—Atomic Physicist, Paleonrologist,

and Naturalist.” Marellz Number 6 (1998): 10-11.

. Review of “Penguins of the World,” by Wayne

Lynch. Science Books & Films 34 (21998): 45.

. Review of “Linnaeus—the Man and his Work,” edited

by Tore Fringsmyr. Earth Sciences History 16 (2X1998): 162-163.

. Review of “Life's Splendid Drama: Evolutionary

Biology and the Reconstruction of Life's Ancestry

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. Review of “A Voyage of Discovery: from the Big
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Yochelson, E.L., and Fedonkin, M.A. “The Type Specimen
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Yochelson, E.L., and Roper, C.F. Vignette No. 301: “Harald A.
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Department of Vertebrate Zoology

Alexander, B.A., C.D. Michener, and A.L. Gardner. 1998.
Dasypodidae Borner, 1919 (Insecta, Hymenoptera):
Proposed Emendation of Spelling to Dasypodaidae, so
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Altig, R., R.W. McDiarmid, K.A. Nichols and P.C. Ustach.
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American Ornithologists’ Union. 1998. Checklist of North
American Birds, 7th ed. American Ornithologists’ Union,
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Baker, E.A. and B.B. Collette. 1998. Mackerel from the
Northern Indian Ocean and the Red Sea are Scomber
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Baldwin, C.C. 1998. Book review. Fishes, Crayfishes, and
Crabs. Louis Renard’s Natural History of the Rarest
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Commentary and English Text; Volume II: Facsimile and
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Biology, 73:58.

. 1998. Review. The Fishes of the Galapagos Islands.
1977. Jack Stein Grove and Robert J. Lavenberg. Stanford
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Beckoff, M. and Elzanowski, A. 1997. Collecting Birds: the
Importance of Moral Debate. Bird Conservation International
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Bermingham, E., Coates, A., Cruz D., G., Emmons, L.,
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Bunch, T.D., S. Wang, R.S. Hoffmann, et al. Reprint.
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Burney, D.A., H-F. James, FV. Grady, J.-G.
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Human Activity: Evidence from Caves in NW Madagascar.
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Carleton, M.D., and S.M. Goodman. 1998. New Taxa of
Nesomyine Rodents (Muroidea: Muridae) from Madagascar's
Northern Highlands, with Taxonomic Comments on
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Carleton, M.D., and E. Van der Straeten. 1997. Morphological
Differentiation among Subsaharan and North African Populations
of the Lennisaomys berbarus Complex (Rodentia: Muridae).
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Chaloupka, M., and G. Zug. 1997. A Polyphasic Growth
Function for the Endangered Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle,
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Collette, B.B. 1998. Review. Fishes of the Chesapeake Bay.E.
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Collette, B.B., and N.V. Parin. 1998. Flyingfishes and their
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de Queiroz, K. Misunderstandings about the Phylogenetic
Approach to Biological Nomenclature: A Reply to Liden
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Dove, C. 1997. Quantification of Microscopic Feather
Characters Used in the Identification of North American
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Emmons, L.H. 1998. Mammal Fauna of Parque Noel Kempff
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Emmons, L.H., and Maria Guiomar Vucetich. 1998. The
Identity of Winge’s Lasiuromys villosus and the Description
of a New Genus of Echimyid Rodent (Rodentia:
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Emmons, L.H., B. Whitney, and D. Ross. 1998. Sounds of
Neotropical Rainforest Mammals: An Audio Field Guide.
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Frey, J.K., R.D. Fisher, L.A. Ruedas. 1997. Identification and
Restriction of the Type Locality of the Manzano Mountains
Cottontail, Sy/vilagus cognatus Nelson. Proceedings of the
Biological Society of Washington 110(3):329—331.

Gardner, A.L. 1988. [Letters to the Editor] Red Wolf
Specimen Identity. Conservation Biology 12(3):499.

Gardner, A.L., and C.B. Robbins. 1998. Generic Names of
Northern and Southern Fur Seals (Mammalia: Otariidae).
Marine Mammal Science, 14(3):544—551.

Goodman, S.M., and M.D. Carleton. 1998. The Rodents of the
Reserve Speciale d’Anjanaharibe-Sud, Madagascar.
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Gorte, S.W. and R.P. Reynolds. 1997. Observations on the
Effects of Alcohol vs. Formalin Storage of Amphibian
Larvae. (Text of a talk presented at the “Preservation and
curation of early life history stages of fishes, amphibians,
and reptiles” workshop at the 1997 ASIH meetings.) On
USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center homepage at
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Graves, G.R. 1997. Geographic Clines of Age Ratios of
Black-throated Blue Warblers (Dendroica caerulescens).
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. 1997. Colorimetric and Morphomerric Gradients in

Colombian Populations of Dusky Antbirds (Cercomacra

tyrannina), with a Description of a New Species, Cercomacra

parkeri. Ornithological Monographs 48:21-35

. 1998. Stereotyped Foraging Behavior of the

Swainson’s Warbler. Journal of Field Ornithology, 69:121-127.

. 1998. Diagnoses of Hybrid Hummingbirds (Aves:

Trochilidae).5. Probable Hybrid Origin of Amazilia distans

Wetmore & Phelps. Proceedings of the Biological Society of

Washington, 111:28-34.

. 1998. Diagnoses of Hybrid Hummingbirds (Aves:

Trochilidae).6. An Intergeneric Hybrid, Ag/aiocercus kingi x

Metallura tyrianthina, from Venezuela. Proceedings of the

Biological Society of Washington, 111(3):511-520.

. 1998. Taxanomic Notes on Hummingbirds (Aves:
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Handley, C.O., Jr., and B.R. Handley. 1998. Franklin's Gull at
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Heyer, W.R. 1997. Geographic Variation in the Frog Genus
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Hoelzel, A., C.W. Potter, and P.B. Best. 1998. Generic
Differentiation Between Parapatric ‘Nearshore’ and
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Hoffmann, R.S. 1997. [Abstract] Both the Quick and rhe
Dead: Changes in Mammal Communities at the End of the
Ice Age. Seventh International Theriological Congress, Acapulco,
Mexico, 6-12 September, 1997. Abstracts, p. 140.

Isler, M.L. 1997. A Sector-based Ornithological Geographic
Information System for the Neotropics. Ornithological
Monographs, 48:345-354.

Isler, M.L., P.R. Isler, and B.M. Whitney. 1997. Biogeography
and Systematics of the Thamnophilus punctatus
(Thamnophilidae) Complex. Ornithological Monographs,
48:355—-381.

. 1998. Use of Vocalizations to Establish Species Limits
in Antbirds (Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae). The Auk,
115(3):577-590.

Jackman, T., J.B. Losos, A. Larson, and K. de Queiroz. 1997.
Phylogenetic Studies of Convergent Adaptive Radiations in
Caribbean Anolis Lizards, pp. 535-557. In Molecular Evolution

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James, H.F., and D.A. Burney. 1997. The Diet and Ecology of
Hawaii's Extinct Flightless Waterfowl: Evidence from
Coprolites. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
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Jewett, S.L., and B.B. Collette. 1997. Obituary: Ernest A.
Lachner, 1915-96. Copeia 1997(3):650—-659.

Johnson, G.D., and C. Patterson. 1997. The Gill-arches of
Gonorynchiform Fishes. South African Journal of Science, 93:
594C600.

Jones, C., R.S. Hoffmann, D.W. Rice, et al. 1997. Revised
Checklist of North American Mammals North of Mexico,
1997. Occasional Papers Museum of Texas Tech University 173:
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Kalko, E.K.V. 1997. Diversity in tropical bats, pp. 13-43. In
H. Ulrich, ed., Tropical biodiversity and systematics.
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Kalko, E.K.V., H.-U. Schnitzler, I. Kaipf, and A.D. Grinnell.
1998. Echolocation and Foraging Behavior of the Lesser
Bulldog Bat, Noctilio albiventris: Preadaptations for
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Kizirian, D.A., and R.W. McDiarmid. 1998. A New Species of
Bachia (Squamata:Gymnophthalmidae) with Plesiomorphic
Limb Morphology. Herpetologica 54(2):245-53.

Kulbicki, M., and J.T. Williams. 1997. Checklist of the
Shorefishes of Ouvéa Atoll. Atoll Research Bulletin.

Losos, J.B., and K. de Queiroz. 1997. Darwin’s Lizards.
Natural History 106(11):34-39.

Losos, J.B., T.R. Jackman, A. Larson, K. de Queiroz, and L.
Rodriguez Schettino. 1998. Contingency and Determinism
in Replicated Adaptive Radiations of Island Lizards. Science,
279(5359):2115—2118.

Ludwig, C.A. 1998. Type Locality and Taxonomic Status of
Saltator plumbiceps “Baird, MS.” Lawrence, 1867 (Aves:
Passeriformes: Cardinalidae). Proceedings of the Biological
Soctety of Washington, 111(2):418—419.

Lyapunova, E.A., T.B. Bunch, N.N. Vorontsov, and R.S.
Hoffmann. 1997. Chromosome Sets and the Taxonomy of
Severtsov Wild Sheep. Russian Journal of Zoology,
1(3):1083—1093.

. 1997. Chromosomal Complement and Taxonomic
Position of Severtsov Wild Sheep (Ovis ammon severtsovi).
Zoological Journal 76(9): 1083-1093.

Medellin, R.A., A.L. Gardner, and J.M. Aranda. 1998. The
Taxonomic Status of the Yucatan Brown Brocket, Mazama
pandora (Mammalia: Cervidae). Proceedings of the Biological
Society of Washington 111(1):1-14.

Munroe, T.A. 1998. Systematics and Ecology of Tonguefishes
of the Genus Symphurus (Cynoglossidae: Pleuronectiformes)
From The Western North Atlantic Ocean. Fishery Bulletin
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Musser, G.G., M.D. Carleton, E.M. Brothers, and A.L.
Gardner. 1998. Systematic Studies of Oryzomyine Rodents
(Muridae, Sigmodontinae): Diagnoses and Distribution of
Species Formerly Assigned to Oryzomys “capito.” Bulletin of
the American Museum of Natural History, No. 236. 376 pp.

Olson, S.L. 1997. Review. Tertiary Avian Localities of Europe.
Jiti Mlikovsky. Ax, 114(3):537—538.

. 1997. Review. John Gould the Bird Man: Assoctates and

Subscribers. Gordon C. Sauer. Auk, 114(3):540—541.

. 1998. Notes on the Systematics of the Rockrunner
Achaetops (Passeriformes, Timaliidae) and its Presumed
Relatives. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club,
118(1):47—52.

Olson, S.L., and C.A. Walker. 1997. A Trans-Atlantic Record
of the Fossil Tropicbird Heliadornis ashbyi (Aves:
Phaethontidae) from the Miocene of Belgium. Proceedings of
the Biological Society of Washington 110(4): 624-628.

Ora, H., R. Fisher, I. Ineich, T. Case, R. Radtkey and G. Zug.
1998. A New Lepidodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from
Vanuatu. Herpetologica, 54(3): 325-332.

Parenti, L.R., and K.D. Louie. 1998. Neostethus djajaorum, New
Species, from Sulawesi, Indonesia, the First Phallostethid
Fish (Teleostei, Atherinomorpha) Known from East of
Wallace’s Line. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 46(1):1—-12.

Parenti, L.R. and K. Rebecca Thomas. 1998. Pharyngeal Jaw
Morphology and Homology in Sicydiine gobies (Teleostei:
Gobiidae) and Allies. Journal of Morphology. 237:257-274.

Parham, J.F. and G.R. Zug. 1998. Age and Growth of
Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta) of Coastal Georgia:
an Assessment of Skeletochronological Age Estimates.
Bulletin Marine Science, {1997} 61(2): 287-304.

Rasmussen, P.C. 1998. A New Scops Owl from Great Nicobar
Island. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists Club,
118(3):141—-153.

. 1998. Is the Imperial Pheasant Lophura imperialis a
hybrid? Work in Progress and a Call for Information.
Tragopan, 9:8-10.

Robbins, M.B., G.R. Graves, and J.V. Remsen, Jr. 1997. In
Memoriam: Theodore A. Parker III, 1953-1993.
Ornithological Monographs 48:1-5.

Rodda, G.H., T.H. Fritts, G. Perry, and E.W. Campbell III.
1998. Managing Island Biotas: Can Indigenous Species Be
Protected from Introduced Predators Such as the Brown
Treesnake? Transactions 63rd North American Wildlife and
Natural Resources Conference, 1998: 95-108.

Rowlands, B.W., T. Trueman, S.L. Olson, M.N. McCulloch,
and R.K. Brooke. 1998. The Birds of St. Helena, An
Annotated Checklist. BOU Checklist No. 16. British
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Savage, J.M., and W.R. Heyer. 1997. Digitial Webbing Formulae
for Anurans: A Refinement. Herpetological Review, 28:131.

Simmons, N.B., and C.O. Handley, Jr. 1998. A Revision of
Centronycteris Gray (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae) with

notes on natural history. American Museum Novitates,
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Springer, V.G., and M.E. Anderson. 1997. Catalog of Type
Specimens of Recent fishes in the National Museum of
Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 8: Suborder
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Ptilichthyidae, Scytalinidae, Stichaeidae, Zoarcidae).
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Springer, V.G., H. Bath, and J.E. Randall. 1998. Remarks on
the Species of the Indian Ocean Fish Genus AJ//oblennius
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Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology, 3(1):19-24.

Steppan, S.J. 1998. Phylogenetic Relationships and Species
Limits within Phyllotis (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae):
Concordance between mtDNA Sequence and Morphology.
Journal of Mammalogy 79(2):573-593-

Steppan, S.J., and U. Pardinas. 1998. Two New Fossil Muroids
from the Early Pleistocene of Argentina: Phylogeny and
Paleocology. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18(3):640-649.

Stafford, B.J., and R.W. Thorington, Jr. 1998. Carpal
Development and Morphology in Archontal Mammals,
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Thorington, R.W., Jr., K. Darrow, and C.G. Anderson. 1998.
Wingtip Anatomy and Aerodynamics in Flying Squirrels.
Journal of Mammalogy, 79:245-250.

Thorington, R.W., Jr., K. Darrow, and A.D.K. Betts. 1997.
Comparative Myology of the Forelimb of Squirrels
(Sciuridae). Journal of Morphology 234:155—182.

Webster, W.D., C.O. Handley, Jr., and P.J. Soriano. 1998.
Glossophaga Longirostris. Mammalian Species, 576:1-5, 3 figs.

Weitzman, S.H. 1997. Problems in Systematic Studies of Rosy
Tetras and their Significance for Aquarists. Tropical Fish
Hobbyist, 46(3):150-159.

. 1998. Review. So Fruitful a Fish: Ecology, Conservation,

and Aquaculture of the Amazon's Tambaqui. Araujo-Lima,

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and Films, 34(2):41—42.

. 1998. Review. The Catfish Connection: Ecology,
Migration, and Conservation of Amazon Predators. Barthem,
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Weitzman, S.H., and H.-G. Evers. 1998. Zur Geschichte von
Tanichthys albonubes und Hemigrammocypris Lini. TI
Aquaristik Fachmagazin, NR.144, Jahrgang 30(6):40—46.

. 1997. Problems in Systematic Studies of Rosy Tetras
and their Significance for Aquarists. Tropical Fish Hobbyist
46(3): 150-157.

Weitzman, S.H., and L. Palmer. 1998. Phantom Tetras, a Brief
Account of their Ichthyological and Aquarium History.
Tropical Fish Hobbyist, 43(11):124—132.

Whitney, B.M., J.F. Pacheco, P.R. Isler, and M.L. Isler. 1995.
Hylopezus nattereri (Pinto, 1937) is a Valid Species
(Passeriformes: Formicariidae). Ararajuba, 3:37—42.

Zimmer, K.J., T.A. Parker III, ML. Isler, and P.R. Isler. 1997.
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Zug, G. 1997. Review. Tadpoles. Sctence Books & Films 33(2):52.

. 1998. Galapagos Tortoise Nomenclature: Still

Unresolved. Chelonian Conservation Biology, 2(4): 618-619.

. 1998. Australian Populations of the Nactws pelagicus
Complex (Reptilia: Gekkonidae). Memoirs Queensland
Museum, 42(2): 613-626.

Zug, G.R., Carl H. Ernst, and R.V. Wilson. 1998. Lepidochelys
olivacea. Olive Ridley Sea Turtle, Tortuga Golfina, Lora.
Catalogue American Amphibians & Reptiles, 653.1-13.

Zug.G. and B.J. Gill. 1997. Morphological Variation of Emoia
murphyi (Lacertilia: Scincidae) on Islands of the South-West
Pacific.J. Roy Soctety New Zealand 27(2): 235-242.

Zug, G. and I. Ineich. 1997. The Tongan Giant Lizard
Tachygyia. Extinct or Extant? Cryptozoology 12:30-35.

. 1997. Striped Skinks of Oceania: the Status of Emoia
caeruleocauda in Fiji. Pacific Science 51(2): 183-188.

Zug, G., Kalb, and Luzar. 1997. Age and Growth in Wild
Kemp's Ridley Seaturtles Lepidochelys kempii from
Skeletochronological Data. Biological Conservation 80:
261-268.

Zug, G., and A. Leviton, eds. 1996. Gecko Fauna of the USSR
and Neighboring Regions by Szczerbak and Golubev.
Translation. Society for the Study of Amphibians and

Reptiles.

Office of Biodiversity

Alonso, A. and F. Dallmeier, eds. 1998. Biodiversity Assessment
of the Lower Urubamba Region, Peru. Cashiriari-3 Well Site and
the Camisea and Urubamba Rivers. SI/MAB Series #2.
Smithsonian Institution/MAB Biodiversity Program.
Washington, D.C.

Burnhein, C.M. 1998. Habitat abundance patterns of fish
communities in three Amazonia rainforest streams, pp.
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Tropical Fishes, INPA, Manaus.

Colket, E., and D.E. Wilson. 1998. Taphozous hildegardeae.
Mammalian Species, §97:1-3.

Comiskey, J.A. and F. Dallmeier. 1998. Forest biodiversity
research and monitoring in the new world. In Forest
Biodiversity in North, Central and South America and the
Caribbean: Research and Monitoring (F. Dallmeier, and J.A.
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Comiskey, J.A., F. Dallmeier, and R.B. Foster. 1998. Forest
structure and diversity in managed and unmanaged
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Central and South America and the Caribbean: Research and
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Dallmeier, F. and J.A. Comiskey, and EN. Scatena. (1998).
Five years of forest dynamics following disturbance by
Hurricane Hugo in the Luquillo Forest of Puerto Rico. In
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Didham, R.K. 1998. Altered leaf-litter decomposition rates in
tropical forest fragments. Oecologia. 16:397—406.

Ferreira, L.V., and J. Rankin-de-Merona. 1998. Floristic
composition and structure of a one-hectare plot in terra
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Foster, M.S. and Terborgh, J. 1998. Impact of a rare storm
event on an Amazonian forest. Biotropica 30, no. 3: 470-474.

Gascon, C. and T.E. Lovejoy. 1998. Ecological impacts of forest
fragmentation in central Amazonia. Zoology, Analysis of
Complex Systems 101: 273-280.

, R. Mesquita, N. Higuchi. 1998. Tropical logging
and the World Bank. Science Letters. Science 281: 1453.

Graham, R.T., F. Dallmeier, and J.A. Comiskey. 1998.
Quantitative ethnobotany: a tool for linking permanent
plor research to forest use in the Beni Biosphere Reserve,
Bolivia. In Forest Biodiversity in North, Central and South
America and the Caribbean: Research and Monitoring (F.
Dallmeier and J.A. Comiskey, eds.). Man and the Biosphere
Series, Vol. 21. UNESCO and The Parthenon Publishing
Group. Carnforth, Lancashire, U.K. pp. 701-713.

Laurance, W.F. 1998. Dynamics and biomass of Amazonian
forest fragments. ITTO Tropical Forest Update 8(1):12-13.

. 1998. Timber production and biodiversity

conservation in tropical rain forest (book review).

Environmental Conservation 25:283.

. 1998. A crisis in the making: responses of Amazonian
forests to land use and climate change. TREE 13:411—415.

. 1998. Forest fragmentation: another perspective.
Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11:75.

. 1998. A long-term study of Amazonian forest
fragments. CTFS Summer 1998:14.

, S.G. Laurance, and P. Delaménica. 1998. Tropical
forest fragmentation and greenhouse gas emissions. Forest
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, P. Delaménica. 1998. Ilhas de sobrevivéncia. Créncia
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, L.V. Ferreira, C. Gascon, and T.E. Lovejoy. 1998.
Biomass loss in forest fragments. Science 282:1610-1611.

Owen-Ashley, N.T., and D.E. Wilson. 1998. Micropteropus
pusillus. Mammalian Species, No. §77:1-5.

Phillips, O.L., Y. Mahli, N. Higuchi, W.F. Laurance, P.
Nunez, V.R. Vasquez, $.G. Laurance, L.V. Ferreira, M.
Stern, S. Brown, J. Grace. 1998. Changes in the carbon
balance of tropical forests: evidence from long-term plots.
Science 282:439—441.

Ray, G_J., F Dallmeier, and J.A. Comiskey. 1998. The
structure of two subtropical dry forest communities on the
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in North, Central and South America and the Caribbean:
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Stergios, B., J.A. Comiskey, F. Dallmeier, A. Licata, and M.
Ni"o. 1998. Species diversity and structural aspects of
semi-deciduous lowland gallery forests in the western
Llanos of Venezuela. In Forest Biodiversity in North, Central
and South America and the Caribbean: Research and Monitoring
(FE. Dallmeier and J.A. Comiskey, eds.). Man and the
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Publishing Group. Carnforth, Lancashire, U.K. pp.
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Venticinque, E.M., and H.G. Fowler. 1998. Sheet-web
regularity: fixed allometric relationship in the social spider
Anelosimus eximius, Ciéncia e Cultura 50: 371-373.

Vieira, R.S., and H. Hofer. 1998. Efeito de forrageamento de
Echiton burchelli sobre a aranofauna de liteira em uma
floresta tropical de terra firme na Amaz6nia central. Acta
Amazonita 28:345-351.

Whittaker, A. 1998. Observation on the vocalization behavior
and distribution of the glossy-backed becard
(Pachyramphus surinamis), a poorly known canopy
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Wilson, D.E. 1998. Karl Koopman, 1920-1997 (obituary). Bat
News, 48:6.

. 1998. Marsupials. Pp. 1-17. In Wild Animals of North

America. National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C.

200 pp.

. 1998. Insectivores. Pp. 18-25. In Wild Animals of

North America. National Geographic Society, Washington,

D.C. 200 pp.

. 1998. Xenarthrans. Pp. 36-41. In Wild Animals of

North America. National Geographic Society, Washington,

D.C. 200 pp.

- 1998. Prologo. Pp. 5-6 in Mamiferos de Venezuela

(Omar linares). Sociedad Conservacionista Audubon de

Venezuela, Caracas. 691 pp.

Laboratory of Molecular Systematics

Braun, M.J. and R.T. Brumfield. 1998. Enigmatic phylogeny
of skuas: an alternative hypothesis. Proceedings of the
Royal Society (London), Series B 265: 995-999.

Gemmill, C.E.C. 1998. A new narrow endemic species of
loulu (Arecaceae) from Wai'oli Valley, Kaua'i, Hawaiian
Islands. Novon 8:18—22.

Gemmill, C.E.C. and K.J. Johnson. 1998. Paleoecology of a
late paleocene (tiffanian) megaflora from the northern great
divide basin, Wyoming. Palaios 12:439-448.

Gemmill, C-E.C., T.A. Ranker, D. Ragone, S.P. Perlman, and
K.R. Wood. 1998. Conservation genetics of the endangered
endemic Hawaiian genus Brighamia (Campanulaceae).
American Journal of Botany 85:528—539.

Glenn, T.C., H.C. Dessauer, and M.J. Braun. 1998.
Characterization of microsatellite DNA Loci in American
alligators. Copeia 1998 (3): 591-6oI.

Kuzoff, R.K., J.A. Sweere, DE. Soltis, PS. Soltis and E.A.
Zimmer. The Phylogenetic Potential of Entire 26S rDNA
Sequences in Plants. Mol. Bio. Evol. 15 (3):251-263. 1998.

McArthur, A.G. and V. Tunnicliffe. Relics and antiquity
revisited in the modern vent fauna. 1998. In Modern Ocean
Floor Processes and the Geological Record, K. Harrison
and R. Mills, eds. Geological Society Special Publication
148: 271-291.

Rogers, J.S. and D.L. Swofford. 1998. A fast method for
approximating maximum likelihoods of phylogenetic trees
from nucleotide sequences. Systematic Biology 47:77-89.

Steppan, S.J. and U.FJ. Pardifias. 1998. Two new fossil
muroids (Sigmodontinae: Phyllocini) from the early
Pleistocene of Argentina: Phylogeny and Paleoecology.
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 18(3):640-649.

Tunnicliffe, V., AG. McArthur and D. McHugh. 1998. A
biogeographical perspective of the deep-sea hydrothermal
vent fauna. Advances in Marine Biology, 34: 355-442.

Wen, J., R.K. Jansen and E.A. Zimmer. 1998. Phylogeny and
biogeography of Aralia sect. Aralia (Araliaceae). American
Journal of Botany 85: 866-875. 1997.

Smithsonian Marine Station at Link Port

Ahyong, Shane T. and Raymond B. Manning. 1998. Two new
species of Erugosquilla from the Indo-West Pacific
(Crustacea: Stomatopoda: Squillidae). Proceedings of the
Biological Society of Washington, 111(3): 653-662.

Balser, Elizabeth J. 1998. Cloning by Ophiuroid Echinoderm
Larvae. Biological Bulletin, 194: 187-193.

Bieler, Riidiger and Paula M. Mikkelsen. 1998. Ammonicera in
Florida: Notes on the Smallest Living Gastropod in the
United States and Comments on Other Species of
Omalogyridae (Heterobranchia). The Nautilus, 111(1): I-12.

Buzas, Martin A. and Lee-Ann C. Hayek. 1998. SHE Analysis
for Biofacies Identification. Journal of Foraminiferal Research,
28(3): 233-239.

Felder, Darryl L. and Raymond B. Manning. 1998. A new
ghost shrimp of the genus Lepidophthalmus from the Pacific
Coast of Colombia (Decapoda: Thalassinidea:
Callianassidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of
Washington, Vol. 111(2): 398-408.

179

Frick, Jennifer E. 1998. Evidence for matrotrophy in the
viviparous holothuroid echinoderm, Synaptula hydriformis.
Invertebrate Biology, 117(2): 169-179

Harvey, Alan W. 1998. Genes for asymmetry easily overruled.
Nature, 392: 345-346.

Hines, Anson H., Fernando Alvarez and Sherry A. Reed. 1997.
Introduced and Native Populations of a Marine Parasitic
Castrator: Variation in Prevalence of the Rhizocephalan
Loxothylacus panopaei in Xanthid Crabs. Bulletin of Marine
Science, 61(2): 197-214.

Jivoff, Paul. 1997. Sexual Competition Among Male Blue
Crab, Callinectes sapidus. Biological Bulletin, 193: 368-380.

Littler, M.M and D.S. Littler. 1997. Epizoic red alga
allelopathic (?) to a Caribbean coral. Coral Reefs, 16: 168.

. 1998. An undescribed fungal pathogen of
reef-forming crustose coralline algae discovered in
American Samoa. Coral Reefs, 17: 144.

Manning, Raymond B. 1998. A new genus and species of
pinnotherid crab (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) from
Indonesia. Zoosystema, 20(2): 357-362.

Pleijel, Fredrik. 1998. Phylogeny and classification of
Hesionidae (Polychaeta). Zoologica Scripta, 27(2): 89-163.

Roper, C.RE. and M. Vecchione. 1997. In Situ Observations
Test Hypotheses of Functional Morphology in
Mastigoteuthis (Cephalopoda, Oegopsida). Vie Milieu
(France) 47(2): 87-93.

Roper, Clyde E., and Katharina Mangold. 1998. A Systematic
Analysis of I/lex corndetii. In Food and Agricultural Organization
(U.N.) International Recruitment Program.

Roper, Clyde FE., C.C. Lu and Michael Vecchione. 1998. A
Revision of the Systematics and distribution of I//ex Species
(Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae). In Systematics and
Biogeography of Cephalopods, Volume II. Smithsonian
Contributions to Zoology, Number 586: 405-423.

Wise, John B. 1998. Morphology and Systematic Position of

Rissoella caribaea Rehder, 1943 (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia:

Rissoellidae). The Nautilus, 111(1): 13-21.

National Portrait Gallery

Office of the Director

Fern, Alan. Foreword to Celebrity Caricature in America by
Wendy Wick Reaves. New Haven: Yale University Press,
1998.

. Introduction to Misch Kohn: Beyond the Tradition by

Jo Farb Hernandez. Monterey, California: Monterey

Museum of Art, 1998.

. “Obituary: Lillian Miller.” Proceedings of the American

Antiquarian Society 107, part 2 (1998): 238-43.

. “A Tribute: Lillian B. Miller (1923-1997).” American

Art 12, no. 1 (Spring 1998): 92-95.

180

Center for Electronic Research and
Outreach Services

Sisum, Deborah L. “A Most Favorable and Striking
Resemblance: The Virginia Portraits of Cephas Thompson.”
Journal of Early Southern Decorative Arts 23, no. 1 (Summer
1997): I-01.

Department of Painting and Sculpture

Christman, Margaret C.S. “The Seneca Falls Convention,
July 19-20, 1848.” Leaflet and virtual exhibition to mark
the 150th anniversary of the first organized demand for
woman's suffrage in America.

Fortune, Brandon Brame. “‘Not above Reproach’: The
Career of Lucy Lee-Robbins.” American Art 12 (Spring
1998): 40-65.

Miles, Ellen G. “Memorials of great & good men who were
my friends’: Portraits in the Life of Oliver Wolcott, Jr.”
Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society 107, part 1
(1997): 105-59.

. In American Paintings in the Detroit Institute of Arts,

vol.2. New York: Hudson Hills Press, 1997. Catalogue

entries, including artists’ biographies, on paintings by

Ellen Kendall Baker, Thomas Mickell Burnham, Thomas

Eakins, and Lewis Thomas Ives, pp. 16-17, 34-39, 78-83,

146-48.

Department of Photographs

Panzer, Mary C. “Great Success in the USA” [Introduction].
Halsman: A Retrospective. Boston: Little, Brown and
Company, Bulfinch Press, 1998.

. “Does Crime Pay?” Journal of the Archives of American

Art 37 (Spring 1997): 17-24.

Department of Prints and Drawings

Reaves, Wendy Wick. Celebrity Caricature in America. New
Haven: Yale University Press, 1998.

Department of History

Barber, James G. George C. Marshall: Soldier of Peace.
Washington, D.C.: National Portrait Gallery and The
George C. Marshall Foundation, 1997.

Voss, Frederick. Faces of TIME: 75 Years of Time Magazine Cover
Portraits. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, Bulfinch
Press, 1998.

National Postal Museum

Office of the Director

Bruns, James H. Turk Bird: The High-flying Life and Times of
Eddie Gardner. Washington, D.C.: National Postal
Museum, 1998.

Research Services Department

Pope, Nancy. I/lustrated Guide to the National Postal Museum.
Washington, D.C.: National Postal Museum, 1998.

Smithsonian Center for Materials
Research and Education

Baker, Mary T. “Thermal History Studies in Ancient and
Modern Rubber.” Polymer Preprints: Division of Polymers,
American Chemical Society 39, no. 2 (1998): 1253-1254.

Ballard, Mary W. “Conference Reports: The Care and
Preservation of Modern Materials in Costume Collections.”

American Institute for Conservation News 23, no. 3 (May 1998): 19.

. “An IPM Checklist for Planning and Implementing
Pest Control on Art and Artifact Collections” (reprint).
Collections Caretaker 1, no. 3 (Spring 1998): 4-5.

. “Mysteries and Speculations.” Textile Conservation
Newsletter, no. 34 (Spring 1998): 20-21.

Ballard, Mary W. and Norman Indictor. “Some Attitudes
Towards Carbon-14 Dating of Textiles.” In Eastern
Analytical Symposium Abstracts, no. 294. p 105. 1998.

Ballard, Mary W. and Thomas Parker. “Take Care to Follow
Pesticide Regulations” (reprint). Collections Caretaker 1,
no. 3 (Spring 1998): 2-3.

Beaubien, Harriet FE, Susan B. Peschken, and C. Mei-An Tsu.

“Artifact Conservation during the 1997 Field Season.” In
Harappa Archaeological Research Project, Harappa Excavations
1997, edited by Meadow, Kenoyer, and Wright, pp. 23-29.
March 25, 1998.

Brady, J.E., J.W. Ball, Ronald L. Bishop, D.C. Pring, N.
Hammond, and R.A. Housley. “The Lowland Maya
“Protoclassic’.” Ancient Mesoamerica 9, no. 1 (1998): 17-38.

Erhardt, W. David. “Drying Oils: Their Chemistry and
Properties.” In Painted Wood: History and Conservation,
edited by V. Dorge and F.C. Howlett, pp. 17-32. Los
Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 1998.

Goodway, Martha. “News of Archaeometallurgy.” Society for
Archaeological Sciences Bulletin 21, no. 1/2 (January-June
1998): 14-15.

. “News of Archaeometallurgy.” Society for

Archaeological Sciences Bulletin 21, no. 3/4 (July-December

1998): 8.

Kaplan, Emily and Harriet F. Beaubien. “Artifact
Conservation during the 1994 Study Season.” In Preliminary
Report of the Cerén Project, 1996 Field Season, edited by Payson
D. Sheets and Linda A. Brown, pp. 26-31. Boulder:
Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, 1998.

Mann, Robert W., Melanie E. Feather, Charles S. Tumosa, and
K.N. Schneider. “A Blue Encrustation Found on American
MIA Bones from Vietnam.” Forensic Science International 97,
no. 2-3 (1998): 79-86.

Mecklenburg, Marion F., Charles S. Tumosa, and W. David
Erhardt. “Structural Response of Painted Wood Surfaces to
Changes in Ambient Relative Humidity.” In Painted Wood:
History and Conservation, edited by V. Dorge and EC.
Howlett, pp. 464-483. Los Angeles: The Getty
Conservation Institute, 1998.

Richard, Mervin, Marion F. Mecklenburg, and Charles S.
Tumosa. “Technical Considerations for the Transport of
Panel Paintings.” In The Structural Conservation of Panel
Paintings, edited by Kathleen Dardes and Andrea Rothe,
Pp. 525-556. Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation
Institute, 1998.

Rosenthal, Ellen F. and Harriet F. Beaubien. “Artifact
Conservation during the 1996 Field Season.” In Preliminary
Report of the Cerén Project, 1996 Field Season, edited by Payson
D. Sheets and Linda A. Brown, pp. 18-25. Boulder:
Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, 1998.

Tumosa, Charles S. “Articles from the International Journal of
Osteology of Forensic Interest.” Mid-Atlantic Association of
Forensic Scientists Newsletter 26, no. 2 (1998): 9-12.

. “Edward Oscar Heinrich.” Mid-Atlantic Association of
Forensic Scientists Newsletter 26, no. 1 (1998): 12-13.

Tumosa, Charles S., Mark H. McCormick-Goodhart, and
Marion EF. Mecklenburg. “The Physical Properties of
Photographic Film Polymers Subjected to Cold Storage
Environments.” Polymer Preprints: Division of Polymers,
American Chemical Society 39, no. 2 (1998): 1245-1246.

von Endt, David W. “Heritage Preservation Report to
SPNHC.” In Society for the Preservation of Natural History
Collections 1998 Annual Report, p. 33. 1998.

. “Research Committee Report to SPNHC.” In Society

Sor the Preservation of Natural History Collections 1998 Annual

Report, p. 25. 1998.

. “Spirit Collections: A Comparison of Keratin and
Collagen Stability in the Storage Fluids Ethanol and
2-Propanol.” In Soctety for the Preservation of Natural History
Collections, 1997 Annual Meeting Program with Abstracts, p.
26. 1998.

von Endt, David W. and P. Edward Hare. “The Stability of
Collagen and Keratin in Museums: Nitrogen-
Containing Heterocycles Found in Bone, and the
Preservation of Keratin in Ethanol and Formalin.” In
Perspectives in Amino Acid and Protein Geochemistry, A
Symposium, 1998, p. 29. 1998.

Williams, Donald C. “A Survey of Adhesives for Wood
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1998.

Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory

Abdali, S.; Christensen, F. E.; Schnopper, H. W.; Gerward, L.;
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the Spectrum-X-y Satellite: Crystal Calibrations.” In EUV,
X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII,
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Gummin, p. 358. Bellingham, Washington: SPIE—The
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Accomazi, A.; Grant, C. S.; Eichhorn, G.; Kurtz, M. J.; and
Murray, S. S. “Mirroring the ADS Bibliographic
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Systems VII, Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series,
vol. 145, eds. R. Albrecht, R. N. Hook, and H. A. Bushouse, p.
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Adams, N. R.; Walter, F. M.; and Wolk, S. J. “Rotation
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Alcala, J. M.; Covino, E.; Neuhduser, R.; Sterzik, M.; and
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Allen, C. L.; Plucinsky, P. P.; McNamara, B. R.; and Edgar, R.
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Allen, L.; Habbal, S. R.; and Hu, Y.-Q. “Thermal Coupling of
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Journal of Geophysical Research 103 (1998): 6551.

Alves, J.; Hartmann, L.; Briceno, C.; and Lada, C. J. “Optical
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Anderson, S. W.; Smrekar, S. E.; Stofan, E. R.; Guest, J. E.;
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Antonelli, L. A.; Butler, R. C.; Piro, L.; Celidonio, G.;
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Antonucci, E.; Giordano, S.; Benna, C.; Kohl, J. L.; Noci, G.;
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Ashenberg, J., and Lorenzini, E. C. “Dynamical
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. “Dynamics of a Dual-Probe Tethered System.”
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Auerhammer, J. M.; Brandt, G.; Scholze, F; Thornagel, R.;
Ulm, G.; Wargelin, B. J.; McDermott, W. C.; Norton, T.
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Calibration of the HXDS Flow Proportional Counter for
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Ayres, T. R.; Simon, T.; Stern, R. A.; Drake, S. A.; Wood,

B. E.; and Brown, A. “The Coronae of Moderate-Mass
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Babb, J. F, and Kirby, K. P. “Molecule Formation in
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Backman, D.; Acosta, S.; Stencel, R.; and Stauffer, J. “Dust
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Balakrishnan, N.; Dalgarno, A.; and Billing, G. D.
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Balakrishnan, N.; Forrey, R. C.; and Dalgarno, A. “Quenching
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. “Threshold Phenomena in Ultracold
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Balakrishnan, N.; Kharchenko, V.; and Dalgarno, A.
“Quantum Mechanical and Semiclassical Studies of N + Nz
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Balakrishnan, N.; Kharchenko, V.; Forrey, R. C.; and Dalgarno,
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Baliunas, S. L.; Donahue, R. A.; Soon, W.; and Henry, G. W.
“Activity Cycles in Lower Main Sequence and Post Main
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Baliunas, S. L., and Jastrow, R. “Nature Speaks of Many
Things, of Missing Flux and Butterfly Wings.” World
Climate Report (February 16) (1998): 6.

Baliunas S. L., and Soon, W. H. “The Arctic Climate
Frontier.” World Climate Report (December 14) (1997): 6.

. “Beyond the Wild Frontier: The Sun-Climate Link.”

World Climate Report (October 13) (1997): 6.

. “Comments” on The Truths About Ten Leading Myths:

A Scientific Discussion of Climate Change, 17 pp. Washington,

DC: Marshall Institute, 1997.

. “The Life and Times of Alfonso Nino and Family.”

World Climate Report (June 15) (1998): 10.

. “The Milky Way and the Clouds of Earth.” World

Climate Report (April 13) (1998): 10.

. “Solar Variability and Global Climatic Change.” In

Global Warming: The Science and the Politics, ed. L. Jones, p.

77. Vancouver, British Columbia: The Fraser Institute, 1997.

. “The Summer of Our Discontent.” World Climate
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Bangham, M. E.; Lorenzini, E.; and Vestal, L. “Tether
Transportation System Study.” NASA Technical Publication,
NASA/TP-1998-206959. Alabama: Marshall Space Flight
Center, 1998.

Barnes, P. J.; McDermott, W. C.; Edgar, R. J.; and Kellogg,
E. M. “Towards a Solid State Detector Response Function
for AXAF Calibration.” In Space Telescopes and Instruments V,
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Barrado y Navascues, D., and Dupree, A. K. “Chromospheric
Emission from Red Giants in the Open Cluster NGC
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Barret, D.; Olive, J. F.; Boirin, L.; Grindlay, J. E.; Bloser, P. E;
Chou, Y.; Swank, J. H.; and Smale, A. P. “4U 1915-05.” IAU
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Bartelmann, M., and Loeb, A. “Effects of Disks on
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Journal 503 (1998): 48.

Bear, D.; Chupp, T. E.; Cooper, K.; DeDeo, S.; Rosenberry,
M. A.; Stoner, R. E.; and Walsworth, R. L. “Improved
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Benner, L. A. M.; Ostro, S. J.; Giorgini, J. D.; Jurgens, R. E.;
Mitchell, D. L.; Rose, R.; Rosema, K. D.; Slade, M. A.;
Winkler, R.; Yeomans, D. K.; Campbell, D. B.; Chandler,
J. E; and Shapiro, I. I. “Radar Detection of Near-Earth
Asteroids 2062 Aten, 2101 Adonis, 3103 Eger, 4544
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Bennett, R. A.; Wernicke, B. P.; and Davis, J. L. “Continuous
GPS Measurements of Contemporary Deformation Across
the Northern Basin and Range Province.” Geophysical
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Bennett, R. A.; Wernicke, B. P.; Davis, J. L.; Elésegui, P.;
Snow, J. K.; Abolins, M. J.; House, M. A.; Stirewalt, G. L.;
and Ferrill, D. A. “Global Positioning System Constraints
on Fault Slip Rates in the Death Valley Region, California
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Bergin, E. A.; Melnick, G. J.; and Neufeld, D. A. “Post-Shock
Chemical Lifetimes of Outflow Tracers and a Possible New
Mechanism to Produce Water Ice Mantles.” Astrophysical
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Biller, S.; Buckley, J. H.; Burdett, A. D.; Bussons Gordo, J.;
Carter-Lewis, D. A.; Fegan, D. J.; Gaidos, J.; Hillas, A. M.;
Krennrich, F; Lamb, R. C.; Lessard, R.; McEnery, J.;
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Samuelson, F. W.; Schubnell, M. S.; Sembroski, G.;
Skelton, P.; Weekes, T. C.; and Zweerink, J. “New Limits
to the IR Background: Bounds on Radiative Neutrino
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Bitran, H.; Alvarez, H.; Bronfman, L.; May, J.; and Thaddeus,
P. “A Large Scale CO Survey of the Galactic Center
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Blake, R. L.; Burek, A. J.; Fitch, J. J.; Graessle, D. E.;
Romaine, S. E.; Schwartz, D. A.; Soufli, R.; Gullikson, E.
M.; Stonas, A.; and Underwood, J. H. “Feasibility Study of
ALS Beamline 6.3.2 in the Calibration of AXAF: Initial
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Blitz, L., and Williams, J. P. “Molecular Clouds Are Nort
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Bocchino, F.; Barbera, M; and Sciortino, S. “An Optimized
Time Screening Algorithm for ROSAT PSPC and HRI
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Bock, J. J.; Kawada, M.; Lange, A. E.; Matsumoto, T.;
Uemizu, K.; Watabe, T.; Yost, S. A.; Fazio, G. G.; Forrest,
W. J.; Pipher, J. L.; and Price, S. D. “Rocket-Borne
Instrument to Search for Infrared Emission from Baryonic
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Bockel’ee-Morvan, D.; Gautier, D.; Lis, D. C.; Young, K.;
Keene, J.; Phillips, T.; Owen, T.; Crovisier, J.; Goldsmith,
P. F; Bergin, E. A.; Despois, D.; and Wooten, A.
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Bohm-Vitense, E.; Evans, N. R.; Carpenter, K.;
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Bohm-Vitense, E.; Evans, N. R.; Carpenter, K.; Robinson, R.;
and Beck-Winchatz, B. “The Dynamical Mass of the Beat
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Bolatto, A. D.; Balm, S. P.; Bania, T. M.; Chamberlin, R. A.;
Huang, M.; Ingalls, J. G.; Jackson, J. M.; Lane, A. P.; and
Stark, A. A. “Neutral Carbon in the Magellanic Clouds:
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Boroson, B.; Blair, W. P.; Davidsen, A. FE; Vrtilek, S. D.;
Raymond, J.; Long, K. S.; and McCray, R. “Hopkins
Ultraviolet Telescope Observations of Hercules X-1.”
Astrophysical Journal 491 (1997): 903.

Botschwina, P.; Heyl, A.; Chen, W.; McCarthy, M. C.;
Grabow, J. U.; Travers, M. J.; and Thaddeus, P. “The
Isocyanopolyynes HC,NC and HCsNC: Microwave Spectra
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(1998): 3108.

Bouchy, F.; Lestrade, J.-F., Ransom, R. R.; Bartel, N.; Ratner,
M. 1; and Shapiro, I. I. “Possible Superluminal Motion in
the High-Redshift Quasar 1338+331.” Astronomy and
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Boulanger, F.; Bronfman, L.; Dame, T. M.; and Thaddeus, P.
“CO and IRAS Observations of the Chamaeleon Molecular
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Bouvier, J.; Stauffer, J. R.; Martin, E. L.; Barrado Y
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Dwarfs and Very Low-Mass Stars in the Pleiades Cluster:
A Deep Wide-Field Imaging Survey.” Astronomy and
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Brandenburg, A.; Saar, S. H.; and Turpin, C. R. “Time
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Brandt, W. N.; Mathur, S.; Reynolds, C. S.; and Elvis, M.
“X-Ray Absorption by Ionized Oxygen in ASCA Spectra of
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Brickhouse, N. “Spectroscopic Preparation for AXAF and
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Brickhouse, N. S.,and Dupree, A. K. “Extreme Ultraviolet
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Briceno, C.; Hartmann, L.; Stauffer, J.; and Martin, E. “A
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Brinkman, A. C.; Gunsing, C. J.; Kaastra, J. S.; Braeuninger,
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Brodie, J.; Schroder, L.; Huchra, J.; Phillips, A.;
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Bromley, B. C.; Press, W. H.; Lin, H.; and Kirshner, R. P.
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Brotherton, M. S.; Van Breugel, W.; Smith, R. J.; Boyle, B. J.;
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“Discovery of Radio-Loud Broad Absorption Line Quasars
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Brown, T. M., and Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. “Accurate
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Brown, T. M.; Ferguson, H. C.; Stanford, S. A.; and
Deharveng, J. -M. “Color-Luminosity Relations for the
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Buckley, J. H.; Akerlof, C. W.; Carter-Lewis, D. A.; Catanese,
M.; Cawley, M. E; Connaughton, V.; Fegan, D. J.; Finley, J.
P.; Gaidos, J. A.; Hillas, A. M.; Krennrich, F.; Lamb, R. C.;
Lessard, R.; McEnery, J. E.; Mohanty, G.; Quinn, J.;
Rodgers, A. J.; Rose, H. J.; Rovero, A. C.; Schubnell, M.
S.; Sembroski, G. H.; Srinivasan, R.; Weekes, T. C.; and
Zweerink, J. “Constraints on Cosmic-Ray Origin from TeV
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Burenin, R. A.; Vikhlinin, A. A.; Terekhov, O. V.; and
Sazonov, S. Yu. “Search for a Correlation of Gamma-Ray
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Callanan, P.; McCarthy, J.; Garcia, M.; and McClintock, J.
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Brinson, M.M., D.E. Whigham, L.C. Lee, R.D. Rhieinhardt,
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edited by Jones, P.J. and Doherty, B.D. Townsville,
Australia: Mapstone and L. Howett. CRC Reef Research
Center (1998).

Roubik, David W. “Inoue-san.” Researchers in Population
Ecology 39(2): 262-264 (1998).

. “The killer bee saga.” Subtropical Fruit News 6(1):
13-14 (1998).

Roulston, T’ai H. “Hourly capture of two species of Megalopta
(Hymenoptera: Apoidea; Halictidae) at black lights in
Panama with notes on nocturnal foraging by bees.” Journal
of the Kansas Entomological Society 70(3): 189-196 (1998).

Ryan, Michael J., Rand, A. Stanley, and Weigt, Lee A.
“Allozyme and advertisement call variation in the Tungara
frog, Physalaemus pustulosus.” Evolution 5X6), 2435-2453
(1997).

Salazar-Allen, Noris. “Una aproximacién a la flora de musgos
del Cerro Hoya, Panama.” Briolatina 44: 7 (1998).

. “Métodos sencillos para crecimiento de bridfitos con

fines de docencia.” Briolatinz 40: 5-7 (1997).

. “Editorial.” Briolatina 43: 1 (1998).

Salazar-Allen, Noris, Arrocha, Clotilde, and Morales, Maria
Isabel, eds. “Briolatina.” Briolating 41: (1997).

Sanchez, Elizabeth M. Catdlogo colectivo de publicaciones
seriadas sobre zoologia en dos bibliotecas y en dos centros
de documentaci6n de la Ciudad de Panama: 1862-1995.
Tesis de Licenciatura, Panama: Universidad de Panama
(1997).

212

Santos-Granero, Fernando. “Writing history into the
landscape: space, myth, and ritual in contemporary
Amazonia.” American Enthomologist 25(2): 128-148 (1998).

Sautu, Adriana. “Nursery studies in Panama: Conservation
through reforestation.” Inside CTFS Summer: 13 (1997).

Seamon, Joshua, and Adler, Gregory. “Factors affecting
immigration of adults: experimental and theoretical
observations with rodents.” Acta Oecologica 18(6): 637-655
(1997).

Seutin, Gilles, and Bermingham, Eldredge. “Rhodinocichla
rosea is an emberizid (Aves; Passeriformes) based on
mitochondrial DNA analyses.” Molecular Phylogenetics and
Evolution 8(2): 260-274 (1997).

Smith, Neal Griffith. “In memoriam: Martin Humphrey
Moynihan, 1928-1996.” The Auk 115(3): 755-758 (1998).

Stork, N.E., Wright, S. Joseph, and Mulkey, Stephen S.
“Craining for a better view: the canopy crane network.”
Trends in Ecology and Evolution 12: 418-420 (1997).

Telford, S.R., and Jennions, M.D. “Establishing cryptic female
choice in animals.” Trends in Ecology and Evolution 13:
216-218 (1998).

Tewfik, Alexander, Guzman, Héctor M., and Jacome, Gabriel.
“Distribution and abundance of the spiny lobster
populations (Panulirus argus and P. guttatus) in Cayos
Cochinos, Honduras.” In Marine-Terrestrial Flora and Fauna
of Cayos Cochinos Archipelago, Honduras: 125-136, edited by
Guzman, Héctor, Vol. 46 (Supp! 4): Revista de Biologia
Tropical (1998).

Thiele, Alexandra, Winter, Klaus, and Krause, G. Heinrich.
“Low inactivation of D1 protein of photosystem II in young
canopy leaves of Anacardium excelsum under high-light
stress.” Journal of Plant Physiology 151(3): 286-292 (1997).

Thies, Wibke, Kalko, Elisabeth K.V., and Schnirzler,
Hans-Ulrich. “The roles of echolocation and olfaction in
two neotropical fruit-eating bats, Carollia perspicillata and
C. castanea, feeding on piper.” Behavioral Ecology and
Sociobiology 42: 397-409 (1998).

Tomblin, David C., and Adler, Gregory H. “Differences in
habitat use berween two morphologically similar tropical
forest rodents.” Journal of Mammalogy 79(3): 953-961 (1998).

Travers, Steven E., Gilbert, Gregory S., and Perry, Ethan F.
“The effect of rust infection on reproduction in a tropical
tree (Faramea occidentalts).” Biotropica 30(3): 438-443 (1998).

Velasquez Runk, Julie. “Productivity and sustainability of a
vegetable ivory palm (Phytelephas aequatorialis, Arecaceae)
under three management regimes in northwestern
Ecuador.” Economic Botany 52(2): 168-182 (1998).

Velayos, Mauricio, Correa, Mireya, Galdames, Carmen, and
Castroviejo, Santiago Aratiz. “Primera aproximacién al
catdlogo de las plantas vasculares de la Isla de Coiba
(Panaméa).” In Flora y Fauna del Parque Nacional de Coiba
(Panamd), edited by Castroviejo, Santiago. Madrid: Real
Jardin Botdnico (1997).

Vencl, Fredric V., and Aiello, Annette. “A new species of
leaf-mining Oulema from Panama (Coleoptera:

Chrysomelidae; Criocerinae).” Joxrnal of the New York
Entomological Society 105(1-2): 40-44 (1997).

Ventocilla, Jorge. “Caceria en huertas entre los indigenas
Kunas del Caribe de Panama.” In Manejo de fauna silvestre en
la Amazonia: 111-117, edited by Fang, Tula G., Bodmer,
Richard E., Aquino, Rolando, and Valqui, Michael H. La
Paz, Bolivia: OFAVIM (1997).

Villalaz, Janzel R., and Gomez, Juan A. History, present
condition, and future of the molluscan fisheries of Panama:
33-40, edited by NOAA Technical Report NMBFS, 128 (1997).

Wcislo, William T. “Are behavioral classifications blinders to
studying natural variation?” In The evolution of social behavior
in insects and arachnids: 8-13, edited by J.C. Choe and B.J.
Crespi. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1997).

“Behavioral environments of sweat bees (Halictinae)

in relation to variability.” In The evolution of social behavior in

insects and arachnids: 316-332, edited by J.C. Choe and B.J.

Crespi. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1997).

. “Social interactions and behavioral context in a largely

solitary bee, Lasioglossum (Dialictus) figueresis (Hymenoptera,

Halictidae).” Insectes Sociaux 4.4(3): 199-208 (1997).

. “Social terminology: what are words worth?” Trends

in Ecology and Evolution 12(4): 161 (1997).

. “Sexual dimorphism of wasp antennal structure in

relation to parasitic and non-parasitic behavior
(Hymenoptera: Sphecidae).” Journal of Hymenopteran
Research 7(2): 178-181 (1998).

Wcislo, William T., and Danforth, Bryan N. “Secondarily
solitary: the evolutionary loss of social behavior.” Trends in
Ecology and Evolution 12(12): 468-474 (1997).

West, S.A., and Allen, Herre E. “Stabilizing selection and
varience in fig wasp sex ratios.” Evolution 52(2): 475-485
(1998).

West, S.A., Herre, E.A., Compton, S.G., Godfray, H.CJ., and
Cook, J.M. “A comparative study of virginity in fig wasps.”
Animal Behaviour 54: 437-450 (1997).

Williams, S.T., and Benzie, J.A-H. “Indo-West Pacific patterns of
genetic differentiation in the high-dispersal starfish Linckia
laevigata.” Molecular Ecology &6): 559-573 (1997).

Wilson, David T., and McCormick, Mark I. “Spatial and
temporal validation of settlement-marks in the otoliths of
tropical reef fishes.” Marine Ecology Progress Series 153(1-3):
259-271 (1997).

Winter, Klaus, Richter, Andreas, Engelbrecht, Bettina,
Posada, Juan, Virgo, Aurelio, and Popp, Marianne. “Effect
of elevated CO, on growth and
crassulacean-acid-metabolism activity of Kalanchoe pinnata
under tropical conditions.” Planta Heidelberg 201(4):
389-396 (1997).

Winter, Klaus, and Virgo, Aurelio. “Elevated CO; enhances
growth in the rain forest understory plant, Piper cordulatum,
at extremely low light intensities.” Flora Jena. July 193(3):
323-326 (1998).

Wolda, Henk, O’Brien, Charles W., and Stockwell, Henry P.
“Weevil diversity and seasonality in tropical Panama as

deduced from light-trap catches (Coleoptera:
Curculionoidea).” Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 590:
1-79 (1998).

Wuerth, Mirjam K.R., Winter, Klaus, and Koerner,
Christian. “Leaf carbohydrate responses to CO, enrichment
at the top of a tropical forest.” Oecologia Berlin. Aug.
116(1-2): 18-25 (1998).

Wulff, Janie L. “Parrotfish predation on cryptic sponges of
Caribbean coral reefs.” Marine Biology Berlin 129(1): 41-52
(1997).

Zeh, David W., Zeh, Jeanne A., and Bermingham, Eldredge.
“Polyandrous, sperm-storing females: Carriers of male
genotypes through episodes of adverse selection.”
Proceedings of the Royal Soctety of London Series B Biological
Sciences 264(1378): 119-125 (1997).

Zeh, Jeanne A., Newcomer, Scott D., and Zeh, David W.
“Polyandrous females discriminate against previous mates.”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United
States of America 95(23): 13732-13736 (1998).

Zeh, Jeanne A., and Zeh, David W. “The evolution of
polyandry II: Post-copulatory defenses against genetic
incompatibility.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
Series B Biological Sctences 264(1378): 69-75 (1997).

Zhao, Zhijun, Pearsall, Deborah M., Benfer, Robert A., Jr.,
and Piperno, Dolores R. “Distinguishing rice (Oryza
Sativa Poaceae) from wild Oryza species through phytolith
analysis, II: Finalized method.” Economic Botany 52(2):
134-145 (1998).

Zotz, Gerhard. “Demography of the epiphytic orchid,
Dimerandra emarginata.” Journal of Tropical Ecology 14:
725-741 (1998).

Zotz, Gerhard, Budel, S., Meyer, A., Zellner, H., and Lange,
OLL. “In situ studies of water relations and CO; exchange of
the tropical macrolichen, Sticta tomentosa.” New Phytologist
139: 525-535 (1998).

Zotz, Gerhard, and Ziegler, H. “The occurrence of
crassulacean acid metabolism among vascular epiphytes
from Central Panama.” New Phytologist 137(2): 223-229

(1997).

Center for Museum Studies

Cooper, Karen Coody, ed. Tribal Museum Directory. Center for
Museum Studies, Smithsonian Institution, 1998.

. “Arthur C. Parker, from Cattaraugus Reservation

Childhood to American Museum Leadership.” History News

54, #3 (Summer, 1998): 9-11.

213

Office of Exhibits Central

Altman, Diana Cohen, “Exhibit Design Meets the Web.”
Exhibitionist magazine (a publication of the National
Association for Museum Exhibition, the standing
professional committee on exhibition of the American
Association of Museums), Vol. 18, No. 1 (Spring 1998).

National Science Resources Center

STC Meets the Standards (rev.). Burlington, NC: Carolina
Biological Supply Company, 1998.

Discovery Deck: Magnets and Motors. Burlington, NC: Carolina
Biological Supply Company, 1998.

Discovery Deck: Food Chemistry. Burlington, NC: Carolina
Biological Supply Company, 1998.

Discovery Deck: Experiments with Plants. Burlington, NC:
Carolina Biological Supply Company, 1998.

Discovery Deck: Measuring Time. Burlington, NC: Carolina
Biological Supply Company, 1998.

Discovery Deck: Land and Water. Burlington, NC.: Carolina
Biological Supply Company, 1998.

Smithsonian Institution Archives

Bain, Alan L. “Smithsonian Institution Archives: Its History
and Activities on Digital Imaging,” conference paper.
Proceedings of the Second Documenting Japan International
Seminar, January 21, 1998.

Glaser, Jane, editor. Jt (Newsletter of the International
Commmittee for the Training of Personnel (ICTOP) of the
Interational Council of Museums) 15, no. 1 (March 1998) and
15, no. 2 (August 1998).

Henson, Pamela M. “The Smithsonian Instirution,” in A
Historical Guide to the U.S. Government, edited by George T.
Kurian, et al. New York, Oxford University Press, 1998.

Millikan, Frank R. “Joseph Henry's Grand Meteorological
Crusade.” Weatherwise, v. 50, no. 5 (October/November
1997): 14-17.

National Collections Program. Smithsonian Institution Collection
Statistics, 1997. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution
Archives, 1998.

Rothenberg, Marc. “Smithsonian’s commitment to Native
Americans began with Henry,” Torch, 97-11 (November
1997): 3.

. Union General paid final respects to Henry witha

touching eulogy," Torch, 97-12 (December 1997): 3.

214

Smichsonian Institution Archives. OSIA Annual Report for
Fiscal Year 1997. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian
Institution Archives, March 1998.

Tompkins, William G. “Legal and Ethical Issues: Fish and
Wildlife.” The New Museum Registration Methods, edited by
Rebecca A. Buck and Jean Allman Gilmore. Washington,
D.C.: American Association of Museums, 1998.

Williams, Kathleen. “Smithsonian Institution Archives news
in brief,” Museum Archivist, v. 12, no. 2 (September 1998):
73.

Smithsonian Institution Libraries

Carr, Tim and Debra Shumate. “Postal Service in Colonial
America: a Bibliography of Material in the Smithsonian
Institution Libraries’ National Postal Museum Branch.”
Philatelic Literature Review 47 (no. 1, 1998).

DeGroff, Amy B. “The Edge of the Web: Half-Caf
Java—Using JavaScript to Power Web Pages.” LITA
Newsletter 18(1) (Winter 1997): 22-23.

Ellis, Janice Stagnitto. “Aloft in a Balloon: Treatment of a
Scrapbook of an Early Aeronautica Collected by William
Upcott, 1783-1840” in The Book and Paper Group Annual.
American Institute for Conservation, 16 (1997): 9-13.

. Review. The Drowner by Robert Drewe. Library

Journal 122 (16) (October 1, 1997): 120.

. Review. The Letter by Richard Paul Evans. Library

Journal 122 (17) (October 15, 1997): 91.

. Review. The Prodigy by Noel Hynd. Library Journal
122 (19) (November 15, 1997): 76.

Nancy E. Gwinn. Review. From Grunts to Gigabytes:
Communications and Soctety by Dan Lacy. The Library
Quarterly 67 (4) (October 1997): 399-402.

Carolyn Hamilton. “Sharing the Joy of Giving at New
Southern Rock” in The Washington Informer 34 (33) (June
3-10, 1998): 18.

Martin R. Kalfatovic and Amy B. DeGroff. “Project Access:
Providing Internet Access to the Smithsonian Institution
Research Community” in Finding Common Ground: Creating
the Library of the Future Without Diminishing the Library of the
Past. Cheryl M. LaGuardia and Barbara A. Mitchell, eds.
27-36. New York: Neal-Schuman, 1998.

. (With Joan Strahl.) “An Insider's Guide to

Washington, D.C.” Library Journal 123 (10) (June 1, 1998,

Special Supplement): Srs.

. “Edge of the Web: What the ?XML!: Making the

Web Safe for SGML.” LITA Newsletter 19.4 (Fall 1998). At

bttp://wwu.lita.org/newslett/v1gnd/.

. “What's Everyone Reading? (Nikolai Gogol: The

Fastest Troika Imaginable).” Friends of the Arlington Public

Library News (Summer 1998): 4.

. “Edge of the Web: Half-Caf Java: Using JavaScript
to Power Web Pages: Supplemental Sites.” LITA Newsletter
19.3 (Summer 1998). At Arrp://wwwu.lita.org/newslett/.

. “Edge of the Web: What's WYSIWYG for You is

WYSIWYG for Me: Cascading Style Sheets.” LITA

Newsletter 19.2 (Spring 1998). At Attp://www. lita.org/newslett/.

. “Edge of the Web: Do You Want to Know a

Secret?—Cryptography, Privacy and Security.” LITA

Newsletter 19.1 (Winter 1997). At Attp://www.lita.org/newslett/.

. “What's Everyone Reading? (With Alice Up the

Grandfather Clock: Automated Alice, by Jeff Noon).” Friends

of the Arlington Public Library News (Fall 1997): 3-

. “Edge of the Web: Cookies: Stating the Not So

Obvious on the Web.” LITA Newsletter 18.4 (Fall 1997):

22-23. At Atip://wwu.lita.org/newslett/.

. Review. “Portraits: Talking with Artists at the Met, the

Modern, the Louvre and Elsewhere” by Michael Kimmelman

(1998). Library Journal 123.12 (July 1998): 86.

. Review. “Jumping JavaScript” by Janice Winsor and

Brian Freeman (1997). Telecommunications Electronic Review

(TER) 5.4 (May 1998). At Artp://www. lita.org/ter/ter-s—4. html.

. Review. “Art and Objecthood: Essays and Reviews” by

Michael Fried. Library Journal 123.4 (March 1, 1998): 86.

. Review. “Sotheby's: The Inside Story” by Peter Watson.

Library Journal 123 (3) (February 15, 1998): 138.

. Review. “The Columbia Encyclopedia on CD-ROM" (1997).

Reference & User Services Quarterly 37 (2) (Winter 1997): 200.

. Review. “Building the Getty” by Richard Meier

(1997). Library Journal 122.20 (December 1997): 98.

. Review. “Internet Digital Libraries: International

Dimensions” by Jack Kessler (1996). Telecommunications

Electronic Review (TER) 4.9 (October 1997). At

http://www. lita.org/ter/ter-4—9.html.

. Review. “The Art Forger’s Handbook” by Eric Hebborn

(1997). Library Journal 122 (15) (September 15, 1997): 68.

- Review. “Encyclopedia of Physical Anthropology.” (1997).
RQ 36 (4) (Summer 1997): 603-4.

Amy E. Levin. “Bibliography for Women’s History Month:
Health, History, and Lifestyle.” At
hetp://www.sil.si.edu/SILPublications/womenshistorybib.htm
(August 1998).

Sheila M. Riley. “A Report from the ALCTS/LITA Program:
“Managing Metadata for the Digital Library” LITA
Newsletter 19 (3) Sammer 1998. Also at
Attp://www.lita.org/newslett/virgny 1996 3tx 4c.

. Review. “Tell Me Lies” by Jennifer Cruise. Library

Journal 123 (3): 169. February 15, 1998.

. Review. “The Unexpected Salami” by Laurie Gwen

Shapiro. Library Journal 123 (6): 125. April 1, 1998.

. Review. “The Doomsday Report” by Rock Brynner.

Library Journal 123 (10): 149. June 1, 1998.

. Review. “Ghost Children” by Sue Townsend. Library

Journal 123 (10): 161. June 1, 1998.

. Review. “The Lazarus Child’ by Robert Mawson.

Library Journal 123 (13): 132. August 1998.

Lucien R. Rossignol with Rosalee McReynolds. “Using
ProQuest Statistics as an Aid in Collection Development”
in Proceedings of the North American Serials Interest Group,
eds.C.N. Simser and M.A. Somers, pp. 263-266.
Binghamton, N.Y.: Haworth Press, Inc., 1998.

Janet L. Stanley. Modern African Art (1998), at www.sil.si.edu.

Mary Augusta Thomas, Pat Ensor, and Milton T. Wolf, eds.
Information Imagineering: Meeting at the Interface. Chicago:
American Library Association, 1998.

. “Dance Magazines.” Entries 2308-2332 in Magazines

for Libraries, Bill Katz and Linda Sternberg Katz, eds. 9th

ed., 429-435. New Providence, N.J.: R.R. Bowker (1997).

Smithsonian Office of Education

Smithsonian in Your Classroom

“How Things Fly: Activities for Teaching Flight” Sep/Oct
1997

“Plants and Animals: Partners in Pollination” Nov/Dec 1997

“Teaching from Objects and Stories: Learning about the
Bering Sea Eskimo People,” Jan/Feb 1998

“What Is Currency? Lessons from Historic Africa,” May/Jun
1998

Institutional Studies Office

Bielick, S. and Doering, Z.D. 1998. Selected Characteristics of the
Smithsonian Institution (S1) Workforce (Research Note 98-10).
Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

Bielick, S. and Karns, D.A. 1998. Still Thinking About
Thinking (Report 98-5). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian
Institution.

Diehl, S.K. and Kalata, J.M. 1998. Uniting Lives: Constituent
Perspectives on the 1997-98 School Year Anacostia
Museum!/Center for African American History and Culture and
Lucy E. Moten Elementary School Partnership (Research Note
98—5). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

DiGiacomo, K.R. and Doering, Z.D. 1998. 1997 Visits to
Smithsonian Museums (Report 98-2). Washington, D.C.:
Smithsonian Institution.

DiGiacomo, K.R., Karns, D.A., and Doering, Z.D. 1998.
Teachers Talk: A Study of Smithsonian in Your Classroom
conducted for the Smithsonian Office of Education (Report
98-8). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

DiGiacomo, K.R. with Karns, D.A., Pekarik, A.J., Smith, S.
J, Doering, Z.D. 1999. Summer Visitors to The Janet Annenberg
Hooker Hall of Geology, Gems and Minerals at the National
Museum of Natural History (Report 99-1). Washington,
D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

Doering, Z.D., DiGiacomo, K.R. and Pekarik, A. 1998. Images
of Native Americans: A Background Visitor Study for the
National Museum of the American Indian (Report 98-3).
Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

Doering, Z.D., Pekarik, A.J.,and Kindlon, A.E. 1997.
Exhibitions and Expectations: The Case of “Degenerate
Art.” Curator, 40 (2) (Research Note 97-9).

Doering, Z.D. and Smith S.J. 1998. Racial and Ethnic
Distributions (Research Note 98-1). Washington, D.C.:
Smithsonian Institution.

Doering, Z.D., Smith, S.J. and Kalata, J.M. 1998. Smithsonian
Contributing Members: Results from the 1997 Contributing
Membership Program Survey (Report 98-1). Washington,
D.C.: Smithsonian Institution (Report 98—1A: Summary).

Institutional Studies Office. 1998. Background Studtes for
BadyWorks: A Forthcoming Exhibition at the National Museum
of American History (Research Note 98-3). Washington,
D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

Insticutional Studies Office. 1998. Exploring Amazonia: Three
Studies of Visitors at the National Zoological Park (Report
98-9). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

Institutional Studies Office. 1998. NASM Tracking Study:
Background for a Wayfinding System (Research Note 98-4).
Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

Instirutional Studies Office. 1998. Science on the Mall: Concept
Testing Interviews Summary Report (Research Note 98-2).
Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

Institutional Studies Office. 1998. Talks with Engaged Visitors
at the National Museum of American Art and the National
Portrait Gallery (Research Note 98-7). Washington, D.C.:
Smithsonian Institution.

Institutional Studies Office. 1998. Visitor Responses to the
Mammal Hall at the National Museum of Natural History
(Research Note 98-6). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian
Institution.

Kalata, J.M. 1998. Air Transportation: Exhibition Plan Interviews
Summary Report (Research Note 98-11). Washington, D.C.:
Smithsonian Institution.

Kalata, J.M. and Barone, N. 1998. Combining Early Childhood
Education and Museum Learning: A Seminar Evaluation

216

(Research Note 98-12). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian
Institution.

Kalata, J.M., Doering, Z.D., and Pekarik, A.J. 1997. On the
Road with Rock and Soul. Curator, 40 (4) (Research Note
97-10).

Smith, S. J and Pekarik, A. 1998. More Asian Art Experiences:
Visitor Preferences and Responses to Twelve Centuries of Japanese
Art from the Imperial Collection (Report 98-7). Washington,
D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

Office of General Counsel

Browne, Rachelle V. (Coauthor) Building Community Museums.

Office of Public Affairs

Blue Bulletin. A biweekly two-to-four-page newsletter with
administrative information for staff. Circulation is to every
Smithsonian staff member. Editor: Colleen Hershberger

The Torch. A monthly newspaper for Smithsonian employees,
which highlights staff roles in research, exhibitions,
collections and other activities; exhibitions “Now
Showing”; classified ads; staff “Spare Time” activities; and
more. Circulation is 10,600, which includes staff,
volunteers, Smithsonian boards and commissions, and a list
of interested individuals and organizations outside the
Smithsonian. Editor: John Barrat

Smithsonian Institution Research Reports. A quarterly newsletter
that disseminates information on Smithsonian research to
an audience of some 60,000 readers, mostly Smithsonian
Contributing Members but also scientists, scholars,
libraries, museums, universities, journalists and others.
Editor: Jo Ann Webb

The Smithsonian

Institution and

Its Subsidiaries,
September 30, 1998

The Secretary
Office of the

Secretary

The Secretary
I. Michael Heyman
Executive Assistant
James M. Hobbins
Deputy Executive Assistant
Kathy A. Boi
Personal Assistant
Barbara A. Cederborg
Administrative Assistant
Carol F. Anderson
Special Assistant
Leigh White
Secretariat Records Management
Supervisor
Betty J. Russell

Office of Inspector
General

Inspector General
Thomas D. Blair
Deputy Inspector General and
Counsel
Richard C. Otto

Office Assistant

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Administrative Officer

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Peter D. Gould
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Denita B. Henderson
Criminal Investigator

Robert L. Johnson
Auditor

Seksin Kardmai
Supervisory Auditor

Kevin E. Kreitz
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Lynn E. Lantz
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Lisa V. Leonard
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Gary S. Ling
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Brian W. Lowe
Criminal Investigator

Anthony G. Medici
Management Analyst

Kimm A. Richards
Supervisory Criminal

Investigator

Gerard A. Roy
Auditor

Joyce E. Smith
Supervisory Auditor

Joan M. Trudeau

Office of Planning,
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Director
L. Carole Wharton
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Execution
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Management Support
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Assistant Director for Policy
Development
Margaret C. Gaynor
Associate Director for Systems
and Administrative
Support
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Office of
Membership and
Development

Executive Director for
Development
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and Volunteer Relations
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Operations
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Development Officers
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Administrative Program Officer
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Program Manager
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The Provost

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Program Analyst
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217

Anacostia Museum
and Center for
African American
History and
Culture

Director
Steven Cameron Newsome
Associate Director for Research
and Collections
Deborah Willis
Associate Director for External
Affairs
Shireen Dodson
Associate Director for Public
Service
Robert Hall
Associate Director for Facilities
and Special Projects
Sharon A. Reinckens

Archives of
American Art

Director
Richard J. Wattenmaker
West Coast Regional Director
Paul J. Karlstrom
Curator of Manuscripts
Elizabeth S. Kirwin
Ed:tor, Journal
Darcy Tell
Assistant to the Director and
Liaison to the Board of
Trustees
Skip Moellman
Assistant Director for Archival
Programs
James B. Byers
Chief, Collections Processing
Barbara Dawson Aikens
Registrar
Susan Cary
Chief, Reference Services
Judith E. Throm
Catalog and Internet Resources
Manager
Karen B. Weiss

218

Assistant Director for Operations
Dianne G. Niedner
Administrative Officer
Brinah White
Assistant Director, Membership
and Development
Nora Trebbe Maroulis
Grant Coordinator
Mary Piznar
Membership Coordinator
Athena Kaldis
Curator Emeritus

Garnett McCoy

Cooper-Hewitt,
National Design
Museum

Director
Dianne Pilgrim
Special Assistant to the Director
Thomas Reynolds
Assistant Director for
Administration
Linda Dunne
Special Assistant to the Director
Nerissa Tackett
Assistant Director for Public
Programs
Susan Yelavich
Financial Program
Administrator
Robin A. Schlinger
Management Analyst
Lorna Hannah
Budget Assistant
Rona Simon
Museum Shop Manager
Chris Masaoay
Assistant Shop Manager
Oliver Hummel
Facilities Manager
Angelo Rodriguez
Head of Development and
Public Affairs
Laura James
Assistant Development Officer
Katherine Reed
Public Information Specialist
Barbara Livenstein
Special Events Manager
Pamela Haylock

Membership & Volunteer
Coordinator
Marla Musick
Registrar
Cordelia Rose
Associate Registrar
Steve Langehough
Assistant Registrar
Juliette Ibelli
Head of Security
James Kirk
Assistant Curator of Applied
Arts & Industrial Design
Deborah Shinn
Curator of Drawings & Prints
Marilyn Symmes
Assistant Curator
Gail Davidson
Paper Conservator
Konstanze Bachmann
Curator of Textiles
Gillian Moss
Senior Researcher
Milton Sonday
Textiles Conservator
Lucy Commoner
Collectikons Manager
Barbara Duggan
Curator of Wallcoverings
Joanne Kosuda-Warner
Head of Design Department
Ellen Lupton
Exhibition Curator, Special
Projects
Lucy Fellowes
Exhibttion Specialist
Christine McKee
Writer-Editor
Patty O'Connell
Librarian
Stephen Van Dyk
Reference Librarian
Claire Gunning
Head of Education
Dorothy Dunn
Program coordinator for School
Programs
Kerry MacIntosh
Program Coordinator for
Audience Development
Sharon Mei Mah
Program Coordinator for Adult

Axdtence

Egle Zygas

Department Head, Image
Rights & Reproduction /
Photographic Services

Jill Bloomer

Head of Plant Services

John Hanson

Director of the Cooper-Hewttt
Museum / Parson's
Master Program

Maria Conelli

Center for Folklife

Programs and
Cultural Studies

Director
Richard Kurin
Deputy Director
Richard Kennedy
Director and Curator,
Smithsonian Folkways
Recordings
Anthony Seeger
Director, Smithsonian Folklife
Festival
Diana Parker
Director, Cultural Studies and
Communication
James Early
Senior Ethnomustcologist
Thomas Vennoum, Jr.
Assistant Director, Smithsonian
Folkways
Amy Horowitz
Administrative Officer
Barbara Strickland
Folklorists
Olivia Cadaval
Diana Baird N’Diaye
Peter Seitel
Folklorists/Education Specialists
Betty J. Belanus
Marjorie Hunt
Festival Technical Director!
Folkways Sound
Production Supervisor
Pete Reiniger
Program/Publications Manager
Carla M. Borden
Program Manager
John W. Franklin

Destgn Director
Kenn Shrader
Coordinator, Latino Cultural
Resource Network
Cynthia Vidaurri
Program Specialist/Intern
Coordinator
Arlene Reiniger
Archivist
C. Jeffrey Place
Assistant Archivist
Stephanie Smith
Media Specialist
Charles Weber
Administrative Assistants
Linda Benner
Bill Holmes
Heather MacBride
Cultural Studies and
Communication Program
Assistant
Cenny Hester
Folkways Manufacturing
Coordinator
Michael Maloney
Folkways Specialist
Dudley Connell
Folkways Marketing Manager
Brenda Dunlap
Assistant Folkways Marketing
Manager
Chris Weston
Folkways Production
Coordinator
Mary Monseur
Folkways Sound Engineer
Tom Adams
Folkways Fulfillment Specialists
Lee Michael Demsey
Judy Gilmore
Matt Levine
Ronnie Simpkins
Research Associates
Roland Freeman
Daniel Goodwin
Ivan Karp
Alan Lomax
Worth Long
Rene Lopez
Research Collaborator
Kate Rinzler

Hirshhorn Museum
and Sculpture
Garden

Director
James T. Demetrion
Assistant Director for
Administration
Beverly Lang Pierce
Assistant Director for Art and
Public Programs
Neal Benezra
Curators
Valerie J. Fletcher
Frank Gettings
Judith Zilezer
Phyllis Rosenzweig
Olga M. Viso
Publications Manager
Jane McAllister
Head, Public Affairs
Sidney Lawrence
Librarian
Anna Brooke
Chief Photographer
Lee Stalsworth
Education Program Director
Linda Powell
(from June 1998)
Conservators
Laurence Hoffman
Lee Aks
A. Clarke Bedford
Susan Lake
Chief, Exhibits and Design
Edward Schiesser
Design and Production
Supervisor
Robert Allen
Registrar
Brian Kavanagh
Butlding Manager
Fletcher Johnston
Assistant Building Manager
Pamela Smith

National Air and
Space Museum

Director
Donald D. Engen
Deputy Director
Donald S. Lopez
Manager, Capital
Campaign/Development
Ronald Mirenda
Supervisory Development Officer
Anne Seeger
Supervisor, Public Affairs
J. Michael Fetters
Manager, Special Events
Linda Hicks

Collections and
Research Department

Associate Director for
Collections and Research
Ted A. Maxwell

Aeronautics Division

Chairman
Dominick A. Pisano
Curators
Tom Alison
John Anderson
Dorothy Cochrane
Tom Crouch
R.E.G. Davies
Von D. Hardesty
Peter Jakab
Russell E. Lee
Richard Leyes
Michael J. Neufeld
F. Robert van der Linden

Space History Division

Acting Chairman
Allan A. Needell

Curators
Paul E. Ceruzzi
Martin Collins
David DeVorkin
Cathleen S. Lewis
Valerie Neal
Frank Winter

Center for Earth and
Planetary Studies Division

Chairman

Bruce A. Campbell
Geologists

Mary Bourke

Patricia A. Jacobberger

Jellison

James R. Zimbelman

Robert A. Craddock

Thomas Watters
Geophysicist

Bruce A. Campbell
Geographer

Frederick Engle

Andrew Johnston

Collections Division

Chief, Collections Division
Thomas M. Alison
Chief, Preservation/ Restoration
Unit
William C. Reese
Chief, Collections Processing
Unit
John E. Fulton
Conservator
Ed McManus

Archives Division

Chairman
Thomas F. Soapes
Supervisory Archivist
Marilyn Graskowiak
Supervisory Technical
Information Specialist
Dana Bell

Exhibits and Public
Services Department

Associate Director for Exhibits
and Public Services
Nadya A. Makovenyi

Exhibits Division

Chief

Sandy Rittenhouse-Black
Chief, Design Unit

Stephen H. Estrada

Supervisor, Audiovisual Unit
David N. Heck
Supervisor, Production Unit
David Paper
Chief, Media Unit
Patricia A. Woodside
Planetarium Director
Chery] Bauer

Public Services Division

Chief
LeRoy London
Supervisor, Education Unit
Maureen Kerr
Manager, Theater/Planetarium
Operations
Robert Watson
Coordinator, Docent Program
Unit
Carolyn Triebel

Administrative
Services Department

Associate Director for
Administrative Services

Elizabeth R. Scheffler

Information Technology
Division

Manager
Phouy Sengsourinh

Building Management
Division

Building Manager
Richard Kowalczyk
Special Assistant for Plans
Claude D. Russell

National Museum
of African Art

Director
Roslyn A. Walker
Assistant Director,
Administration
Parricia L. Fiske

220

Assistant Director, Exhibit
Design and Facility
Alan Knezevich

Senior Scholar Emeritus
Roy Sieber

Curatorial
Department

Curators
Lydia Puccinelli
Assistant Curators
Bryna Freyer
Andrea Nicolls

Public Affairs
Department

Public Affairs Officer
Janice L. Kaplan

Education
Department

Curator of Education
Edward Lifschitz
Assistant Curator of Education
Veronika Jenke
Education Specialists
Peter Pipim

Registration
Department

Registrar
Julie Haifley

Conservation
Department

Conservator
Steve Mellor

Eliot Elisofon
Photographic
Archives

Curator of Photographic
Archives
Christraud M. Geary

Warren M. Robbins
Library

Librarian
Janet Stanley

Publications Office

Writer-Editor
Migs Grove

National Museum
of American Art

Office of the Director

Director

Elizabeth Broun
Deputy Director

Charles J. Robertson

Curatorial Office

Chief Curator
Jacquelyn D. Serwer
Deputy Chief Curator
Lynda R. Hartigan
Assoctate Curator (Painting
and Sculpture)
Andrew L. Connors
Senior Curator (Photography)
Merry A. Foresta
Curator (Sculpture)
George Gurney
Associate Curator (Latino art)
Helen M. Lucero
Senior Curator (Painnting and
Sculpture)
Virginia M. Mecklenburg
Senior Curator (Graphic Arts)
Joann G. Moser
Senior Curator (Painting and
Sculpture)
Richard N. Murray
Senior Curator (Painting and
Sculpture)
William H. Truectner
Collections Research Coordinator
Gwendolyn F. Everett
Senior Conservator
Stefano Scafetta

Renwick Gallery

Curator-in-Charge
Kenneth R. Trapp
Sentor Curator
Jeremy Adamson
Operations Administrator
Ellen M. Myette

Research & Scholars
Center

Chief

Rachel M. Allen
Intern Program Officer

Judith H. Houston
Librarian

Cecilia H. Chin
Research Databases Coordinator

Christine Hennessey
Collection Database

Administrator

Mary Ellen Guerra
Coord. of Image Collections

Joan R. Stahl

Office of Educational
Programs

Chief
Nora M. Panzer

Public Programs Coordinator
N. Faye Powe

Office of Registration
& Collection
Management

Registrar
Melissa L. Kroning
Associate Registrar
Abigail Terrones
Asst. Registrar (Packing and
Shipping)
Michael R. Smallwood

Office of Design &
Production

Chief
John R. Zelenik

Designer
Claire FE. Larkin

Graphics Coordinator! Designer
Robyn L. Kennedy

Exhibitions Project Coordinator
Anthony R. Giuffreda

Administrative Office

Administrative Officer
Maureen E. Damaska

Office of External
Affairs

Chief

W. Robert Johnston
Deputy Chief

Barbara M. Cox
Special Events Coordinator

Elizabeth R. Ward

Office of Print &
Electronic
Publications
Chief

Theresa Slowik

Office of
Development

Development Officer
Katie M. Ziglar
Membership Marketing
Coordinator
Maria Vallecillo
Acting Public Affairs Officer
Judith Bell

Office of Information
Technology

Chief
Thornton Staples
Computer Support Manager
Michael Cummings
Head, New Media Initiatives
Jeffrey Gates
Project Dir., New Media
Learning Environments
Sherwood A. Dowling

National Museum
of American
History

Office of the Director

Director
Spencer Crew
Deputy Director
Martha Morris
Assistant Director for Strategic
Initiatives
Katherine Spiess
Special Assistant to the Director
Debora Scriber Miller
Secretary
Tarika Carter King
Management Support Asststant
Sillvan Carlson
Planning Specialists
Nanci Edwards
Kathleen Fleming
Patrick Ladden

Project Management Office

Project Management Coordinator
Eleanor Boyne

Office of Curatorial
Affairs

Associate Director
Lonnie Bunch III
Program Manager
Lynn Chase
Assistant to the Associate
Director
Joyce Ramey

Special Projects Office

Project Managers
Camilla Clough
Kate Henderson

Museum Specialist
David Miller

Department of History

Acting Assistant Director
Ramunas Kondratas

Assistant Director for
Interdisciplinary Initiatives
Arthur Molella
Secretaries
Arevivia Amos
Vickie Tierney
Chandra Williams
Management Support Assistant
Wendy Watkins

Collections Support Office

Museum Specialists
Lisa Brenner Bishop
Alicia Curler
Jane Fortune
Kathleen Golden
Lisa Kathleen Graddy
Jim Hughes
Sue Ostroff
Janet Rockenbaugh
Jane Rogers
Wayne E. Wakefield
Diane Wendt

Smithsonian Without
Walls

Director
Judith Gradwohl
Program Coordinator
Kathleen Connolly
Program Specialist
Ione Anderson

Archives Center

Chief Archivist
John A. Fleckner
Deputy Chief Archivist
Robert S. Harding
Archivists
David E. Haberstich
Reuben M. Jackson
Cathy Keen
Ann Kuebler
Mimi Minnick
Craig A. Orr
Alison Oswald
Deborra A. Richardson
Scott W. Schwartz
Wendy Shay
Program Assistant
Graciella Berkovich
Historian
Fath Davis Ruffins

Museum Specialist
Vanessa Broussard
Simmons

Division of Cultural
History

Chair
Rex Ellis
Assistant Chair
Odette Diaz Schuler
Administrative Technician
Jane Woodall
Management Support Assistants
Lynetta Jones
David Hill
Curators
James Weaver
Richard Ahlborn
Rayna D. Green
John Edward Hasse
Cynthia Adams Hoover
Charles F. McGovern
Marvette Perez
Harry Rand
Historians
Dwight Blocker Bowers
James Oliver Horton
Program Coordinators
Howard Bass
Kenneth Kimery
Matthew Watson
Project Assistants
Deena Gift
John McKiernan-Gonzalez
Museum Specialists
Ellen Roney Hughes
David H. Shayt
Gary Sturm
Exhibits Interpreter
Kimberly Kelly
Producer
James Zimmerman

Smithsonian Chamber
Music Society

Executive Director
Patrick Rucker

Artistic Director
Kenneth Slowik

Division of the History of

Technology

Chair
Steven Lubar
Assistant Chair
Jennifer Locke
Clerk Typist
Grace Boone
Secretary
Shirley Jordan-Stanton
Curators
Pete Daniel
Paul F. Johnston
Donald E. Kloster
Carlene Stephens
Jeffrey K. Stine
William L. Withuhn
Bardton Hacker
Museum Specialists
Harry Hunter
Paula Johnson
Larry Jones
Peter Liebhold
Sarah Rittgers
David Todd
L. Susan Tolbert
Margaret Vining
Roger White
William E. Worthington
Timothy Mitchell
Margaret Dennis
Historian Emeritus
James S. Hutchins

Division of Information
Technology and Society

Acting Chair
Helena Wright
Chair
David Allison
Assistant Chair
Joan Boudreau
Secretary
Cynthia Joynes
Program Manager
Karen Lee
Curators
Richard G. Doty
Jon B. Eklund
Bernard S. Finn
Paul Forman
Elvira Eliza
Clain-Stefanelli

222

Museum Specialists
Nance Briscoe
Michelle Delaney
Peggy Kidwell
Douglas Mudd
R. Stanley Nelson
Roger Sherman
Elliot Sivowitch
Shannon Thomas
Harold Wallace

Curator Emeritus
Elizabeth M. Harris

Management Support Assistant
Queen Brown

Division of Science,
Medicine and Society

Chair
Ray Kondratas
Assistant Chair
Steven Turner
Secretary
Gertrude Ross-Padgett
Museum Specialists
Judy Chelnick
Ann M. Seeger
Curators
Jon B. Eklund
Patricia Gossel
G. Terry Sharrer
Linda Tucker
Deborah J. Warner
Katherine Ott

Division of Social History

Chair
Susan Myers
Assistant Chair
Shelly Foote
Secretaries
Doyon Harris
Kim Knoblock
Jennifer Strobel
Museum Specialists
Marilyn Higgins
Sheila Alexander
Doris M. Bowman
Barbara S. Janssen
Claudia Brush Kidwell
Bonnie E. Lilienfeld
Jennifer Oka
Harry Rubenstein
Anne M. Serio
Melodie Sweeney

Priscilla Q. Wood
William H. Yeingst
Cindy Petony
Project Assistants
Soledad Campos
Denise Meringolo
Shelley Nickles
Adminstrative Technician
Sandra Matthews
Curators Emeritus
Rita J. Adrosko
Anne C. Golovin
Edith P. Mayo
Keith E. Melder
Curators
Larry Bird
Rodris Roth
Barbara Clark Smith
Museum Conservators
Katherine Dirks
Karen J. Harris
Historian
Lonn Wood Taylor

Lemelson Center for the
Study of Invention and
Innovation

Director

Arthur Molella
Program Manager

Claudine Klose
Historian

Joyce Bedi
Educators

Michael Judd

Sondra Berger
Program Coordinator

Tanya Garner
Research Assistant

Monica Smith
Project Assistant

Emily Wilson
Public Affairs Specialist

Heather Bruce

Department of Collections
Management Services

Acting Assistant Director
Karen Garlick
Program Manager
Ray Hutt
Secretary
Erika Mack

Manager
Margaret Grandine

Master Plan

Project Manager
Frances Dispenzirie

Museum Technicians
Kristin DeGrace

Administrative Services

Manager

Rosemary Phillips
Secretary

Frances Jones

Collections
Documentation Services

Manager
Katharine Stewart
Collections Documentation
Specialists
David Board
Bernard Gallagher
Andrea Heiss
Deborah Schaefer-Jacobs

Offsite Storage
Management

Manager
Steve Hemlin
Museum Specialists
Stacey Kluck
David Lewis
Tamura Moore
James Oakley
Richard Siday
Museum Technicans
Craig Brunetti
Scott Bruton
Edward Christian
Gail Everson
Lehua Fisher
Christopher Moore
Alicia Freitag
Donald Leonard
Scott Neel
Wendy Wiener
Jeannie Whited
Neal Walters
Cedric Yeh
Computer Specialist
Martin White

MSC Move Project Manager
Ginger Deucher
Program Assistant
Beverly Wise

Preservation Services

Preservation Administrator
Joan Young
Museum Specialist
Debbie Hashim
Conservators
Polly Willman
Beth Richwine
Richard Barden
Lynne Gilliland
Carolyn Long
Suzanne Thomassen-Kraus
Museum Technician
Amy Venzke

Registration Services

Regzstrar

Jeanne Benas
Assistant Registrar

Ed Ryan
Registration Specialists

Tom Bower

Nancy Card
Museum Specialists

Barja Bell

Patricia Mansfield

Stephen Velasquez
Registration Technicians

Audrey Ellis

Estelle Hurley
Associate Director

Harold Closter
Senior Program Manager

Catherine Perge
Secretary

Barbara Gilmartin

Department of Education
and Visitor Services

Director
Nancy McCoy
Secretary
Cassandra Williams
Education Specialists
Martha Jo Messerole
Burt Glassman
Amy Bartow-Melia

Intern and Fellowship Specialist
Allison Wickens
Educators
Theresa Esterlund
Tim Grove
Aniceto Navarro
Heather Paisley-Jones
Program Asststants
Alice Gergely
Andrea Lowther
Howard Morrison
Exhibit Coordinator
Tom O’Brien

Office of Public
Services

Department of Exhibits
Audio/Visual and Services

Director
Tom Tearman
Exhibits Maintenance
Coordinator
Mary Miller
Motion Picture Progectionist
Henry Cao
Exhibits Aides
Joe Grace
Charles Sthreshley
Supervisory Exhibits Specialist
Ralph Logan
Electronics Technician
Richard Wakefield

Program in African
American Culture

Director

Niani Kilkenny
Historian

Alonzo Smith
Program Coordinator

Luvenia George
Office Manager

Regina Taylor-Wynn

Department of Program
Planning and Design

Director

Harold Aber
Secretary

Kay Habeger

Visual Information
Specialists/Designers
Russell Cashdollar
Stevan Fisher
Conny Raitzky
Ann Rossilli
Nigel Briggs
Exhibit Specialists
Bob Norton
Marcia Powell

Department of Program
Production

Director
Kathryn Campbell
Administrative Technician
Marilyn Turner

Graphics

Supervisory Exhibits Specialist
Omar Wynn
Exhibits Specialists
Lou Covey
Brian Jensen
John Nelson
Diane Pryor
Beverly Robinson
Juan Smith
Eric Chamberlain
Barbara Cross
Visual Information Coordinator
Marion Gill

Cabinets

Supervisory Exhibits Specialist
Peter Albritton
Exhibits Specialists
Bill Roseberry
Geoffrey Ward
Billy Powell

Historic Restoration

Shop Supervisor
Terry Conable

Exhibits Specialists
Robbie Barrett
Joe Criste
Daragh Cassidy

Department of Publications

Writers/Editors
Nancy Brooks
Joan Mentzer
Administrative Technichian
Lydia Wallick
Office Clerk
Jamal Pope
Publications
Specialist/Graphics
Designer
Sue Walther

Office of the Capital
Campaign and
External Affairs

Capital Campaign Office

Associate Director
Elizabeth Perry

Campaign Associates
Eva Fischer
Mary Jane Appel

Office of External Affairs

Department of Business
Activities

Management Support Clerk
Rosa Suau

Office of Development

Director
Ruth Sexton
Development Specialist
Kate Clinton
Development Assistants
Danyelle Kensey
Meghan Gross

Office of Special Events

Director
Elizabeth Little
Special Events Coordinators
Arlene Fenlon
Jennifer Sawitzsky

Department of Public

Affairs

Director
Melinda Machado
Public Affairs Specialists
Valeska Hilbig
Kristian Knight
Public Affairs Assistant
Dia Adams

Office of Capital
Programs

Associate Director
Ronald Becker
Management Support Assistant
Margaret MacDonnell
Program Manager
Carol Frost
Program Assistant
Frances Jones
Clerk Typist
LaShawn Barnes

Star-Spangled Banner
Project

Museum Technicians
Abagail Freeman
Simran Dhami

Conservators
Suzanne

Thomassen-K rauss
LaTasha Harris
Michele Pagan

Office of Facility
Planning and
Management

Director
Jim Whoolery

Facility Manager
Richard Day

Assistant Facility Manager
Ken Jordan

Building Management Assistant

Donna Tillman
Safety Manager

Bill Prebble
General Foreman

Sinclair Jennings

224

Management Support Assistant
Juanita Garner

Clerk Typist
Joyce Clark

Space Management Specialist
Ricky Drake

Processing Clerk,

Shipping/Receiving

Hazel Jones

Rigging Worker Supervisor
Steve Jones

Custodial Office

Custodial Foremen
Floyd Harris
Irene Short
Lennette Weaver

Custodial Workers
Vincent Nunnicut
David Felix
Carolyn Anderson
Wesley Johnson
Malcolm Archer
William Brock
Bernell Brown
Catherine Butler
Yvette Clanton
Armanrey Devaughn
Priscilla Dickerson
Delphine Dicks
John Dixon
Barry Duncan
Marion Dunsmore
Reginald Eley
William Ellis
Walter Feaster
Nathaniel Jennings
Theresa Jones
Laura McKnight
Gregory McNeil
Deborah Morton
Beatrice Newland
Michael Newlon
Irvin Suggs
Tim Witherspoon
Yvonne Lennon
Linda Smith

Rigging

Rigging Worker Leader
Donald Phillips
Riggers
Andrew Goffney
Harrison Hawkins

Gregory Powell

John Ridout

Milton Williams
Laborers

Darnell Eddy

Myron Johnson

Maintenance

Electrical Worker
Bill Cole
Maintenance Mechanics
Fred Dunsmore
Bo Matchett
Todd Coombs
Oplants Electricians
John Kerns
James Reed

Office of
Administrative and
Automation Services

Associate Director
Dennis Dickinson

Budget Director
Richard Nicastro

Administrative Office

Budget Analyst
Sandra Dunnigan
Management Analyst
Maggie Limehouse
Administrative Specialist
Frank Roche
Adminstrative Technician
Dan Weinwurm
Clerk Typist
Wendy Coleman

Computer Services Center

Chief

Brad Howard
Computer Programmer Analysts

Sherman Ellegood

Elizabeth Fite
Computer Specialists

Rob Gaskill

Barbara Jordan

Steve Stewart

Brad Tesh

Raelene Worthington

National Museum
of the American
Indian

Director
W. Richard West

Office of the Director

Deputy Director
Douglas Evelyn

Office of

Administration

Assistant Director for
Administration
Donna A. Scott

Office of National
Campaign and
External Affairs

Director
John Colonghi
Deputy Director
Maggie Bertin

Office of Public
Programs

Assistant Director for Public
Programs
Charlotte Heth

Office of Public
Programs—GGHC (NY)

Deputy Assistant Director for
Public Programs
John Haworth

Office of Exhibitions

Deputy Assistant Director for
Exhibits
James Volkert

Office of Cultural

Resources

Assistant Director for Cultural
Resources
Bruce Bernstein
Deputy Assistant Director for
Cultural Resources
George Horse Capture

Office of Community
Services

Assistant Director for
Community Services
Tim Johnson

National Museum
of Natural History

Director
Robert W. Fri
Associate Director for Operations
Daniel Dreyfus
Associate Director for Research
and Scientific Collections
Ross Simons
Associate Director for Public
Programs
Robert D. Sullivan
Acting Associate Director for
Development and Public
Affairs
Shelley Goode

National Portrait
Gallery

Director
Alan Fern
Deputy Director
Carolyn K. Carr
Associate Director for
Administration
Barbara A. Hart
Administrative Officer
Eloise P. Baden

Curator of Painting and
Sculpture
Ellen G. Miles
Curator of Photographs
Mary C. Panzer
Curator of Prints and Drawings
Wendy Wick Reaves
Senior Historian
Frederick S. Voss
Computer Specialist
Andrew Klafter
Senior Conservator
Cindy Lou Ockershausen
Development Officer
Patrick M. Madden
Education Program Director,
Acting
Glenda Buff
Chief, Design and Production
Nello Marconi
Curator of Exhibitions
Beverly J. Cox
Keeper, Center for Electronic
Research and Outreach
Services
Catalog of American
Portraits
Linda Thrift
Edutor of the Charles Willson
Peale Papers
Sidney Hart
Librarian
Cecilia Chin
Chief Photographer
Rolland White
Publications Officer
Frances K. Stevenson
Public Affairs Officer
Brennan Rash
Registrar
Suzanne C. Jenkins
Facilities Manager
Daniel Davies

National Postal
Museum

Director
James H. Bruns
Administrative Officer
Antoinette Williams

Financial Officer

Polone M. Bazile
Registrar

David T. Wilson
Head of Education

Esther Washington
Exhibitions Manager

Patricia M. Burke
External Affairs and

Development Officer

Nancy R. Lynner
Museum Program Specialist

Nancy Pope
Museum Specialist (Philately)

Joseph Geraci
Writer/Editor

Jeffery L. Brodie
Building Manager

Greg Cunningham
Librarian

Timothy Carr
Protection Services

Captain Gordon Swain

National
Zoological Park

Director
Michael H. Robinson
Deputy Director
McKinley Hudson

Conservation and
Research Center

Associate Director for
Conservation
Chris M. Wemmer
Deputy Associate Director for
Conservation
Scott R. Derrickson
Conservation Training Officer
Rasanayagam Rudran
Head, Field Research Unit
John Rappole
Senior Veterinarian
Mitchell Bush

Reproductive Phystology
Unit

Head, Reproductive Physiology
Unit
David Wilde

Research Veterinarian
Steven Monfort
Endocrinologist
Janine Brown
Therologist
JoGayle Howard
Fish Cryobiologist
Mary Hagedorn

Mammal Unit

Head, Mammal Unit
Linwood Williamson

Education Project

Leader, Education Project
Jennifer Buff

Biological Programs

Associate Director for Biological
Programs
Benjamin Beck

Department of Zoological
Research

Assistant Director for
Zoological Research
Daryl! Boness

Research Nutritionist
Olav Oftedal

Migragory Bird Center

Director, Migratory Bird Center
Russell Greenberg

Molecular Genetics
Laboratory

Chief, Molecular Genetics
Laboratory
Robert Fleischer

Exhibit Programs

Curator
Michael Davenport
Alan Peters
Belinda Reser
Miles Roberts
Vincent Rico
John Seidensticker

Lisa Stevens
Paul Tomassoni

Department of
Nutritional Resources

Manager, Department of
Nutritional Resources
Mary Allen

Department of Pathology

Head, Department of Pathology
Richard Montali

Department of
Animal Health

Head, Department of Animal
Health
Richard Cambre

Office of Public
Affairs

Chief, Office of Public Affairs
Robert Hoage

Development

Head of Development
Teresa Larson

Business Office

Business Manager
Nancy Johnson

Office of the Registrar

Registrar
Judith Block

Interpretive Programs

Associate Director for
Interpretive Programs
David Jenkins

Office of Security and

Communications

Chief

vacant

226

National Zoological Park
Police

Captain
Robert McCready

Division of Exhibit
Interpretation

Head, Division of Exhibit
Interpretation
Lynn Dolnick

Office of Management
Services

Administrative Officer
vacant

Office of Safety and
Occupational Health

Manager, Safety and
Occupational Health
Garrick Smith

Facilities and
Management

Assistant Director for Facilities
and Management
Robin Vasa

Smithsonian
Astrophysical
Observatory

Director
Irwin Shapiro

Associate Directors

Planning
Bruce Gregory

Atomic and Molecular Physics
Kate Kirby

High Energy Astrophysics
Stephen Murray

Optical And Infrared Astronomy
Robert Kirshner

Planetary Sciences
Brian G. Marsden

Radio and Geoastronomy
Philip Myers

Solar and Stellar Physics
Eugene H. Avrett

Theoretical Astrophysics
George Rybicki

Department Managers

Central Engineering
Richard B. Dias
Computation Facility
Van L. McGlasson
Contracts, Grants, and
Property Management
John Harris

Financial Management

Accounting Section Chief

Robert Palleschi
Budget Section Chief

James Taylor
Human Resources

Laura Conway
Library

Donna Coletti
Management Information

Systems

Rosalie Blum
Publications

James Cornell
Science Education

Philip M. Sadler
Subcontracts and Procurement

Peter Sozanski
Travel

Nancy M. Adler

Scientific Staff

Thomas Aldcroft
Yakov Alpert
Alice Argon
Matthew Ashby
Eugene Avrett
James Babb
Sallie Baliunas
Simon Bandler
Frederic Baudin
Barbara Bell*
Edwin Bergin

*Harvard members of the
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for
Astrophysics

Mark Birkinshaw
Raymond Blundell
Jay Bookbinder
Bram Boroson
Nancy Brickhouse
Roger Brissenden
Benjamin Bromley*
Anthony Burek
Nelson Caldwell
Nuria Calvert
Alastair Cameron*
Robert Cameron
Nathaniel Carleton
Cesare Cecchi-Pestellini*
Kelly Chance

John Chandler

Jon Chappell

Mario Cosmo
Steven Cranmer
Alexander Dalgarno
Thomas Dame
Laurence David
James Davis

Robert Davis
Edward DeLuca
Rosanne Di Stefano
Danuta Dobrzycka
Adam Dobrycki

R. Hank Donnelly
Jeremy Drake
Andrea Dupree
Richard Edgar
Peter Edmonds*
Antonio Eff-Darwich Pena
Guenther Eichhorn
Martin Elvis

Ruth Esser

Robert Estes

Jan Evans

Nancy Evans
Giuseppina Fabbiano
Daniel Fabricant
Emilio Falco-Acosta
Giovanni Fazio
George Field
Silvano Fineschi
Fabrizio Fiore
Craig Foltz
Christine Forman
William Forman
Robert Forrey*
Fred Franklin
Linda French*
Antonella Fruscione
Terrance Gaetz

Charles Gammie
Michael Garcia
Larry Gardner
Peter Garnavich*
John Geary
Margaret Geller
Owen Gingerich
Leon Golub
Alyssa Goodman*
Paul Gorenstein
Carl Gortlieb*
Roy Gould

Dale Graessle
Paul Green
Lincoln Greenhill
Jonathan Grindlay*
Mario Grossi
Marvin Grossman*
Gordon Gullahorn
Mark Gurwell
Shadia Habbal

FE. Rick Harnden
Daniel Harris

Martha Hazen*
Eric Heller

Todd Henry

Paul Ho

Matthew Holman
Eric Hooper

Joseph Hora

John Huchra

John Hughes

Per Jarlemark

Diab Jerius

David Johnson
Kenneth Jucks
Jiahong Juda
Michael Juda
Philip Kaaret
Wolfgang Kalkofen
Margarita Karovska
Edwin Kellogg
Almus Kenter
Scott Kenyon

Eric Keto

Vasili Kharchenko
Dong-Woo Kim
Kate Kirby

Robert Kirshner*
Steven Kleiner
Yuan-Kuen Ko
Christopher Kochanek*
John Kohl

Sylvain Korzennik
Ralph Kraft
Thomas Kurosu
Robert Kurucz
Charles Lada

Adair Lane

David Latham
David Layzer*
Danie! Lebach
Myron Lecar
Joseph Lehar
Abraham Loeb*
Enrico Lorenzini
Jane Luu*

Maxim Markevitch
Brian Marsden
Ursula Marvin
Alessandra Massarotti*
Smita Mathur
Edward Mattison
Susan Mattson
Michael McCarthy
Jeffrey McClintock
Jonathan McDowell
Brendan McLaughlin
Brian McLeod
Brian McNamara
Gary Melnick
Joseph Michels
Glenn Milne

Mari Paz Miralles
James Moran
Stephen Murray
Philip Myers
Balakrishnan Naduvalath*
Ramesh Narayan*
Tomohiko Narita*
Fabrizio Nicastro
Joy Nichols

Robert Noyes

Ray O'Neal

Scott Paine
Alexander Panasyuk
Costas Papaliolios
William Parkinson*
Michael Pearlman
Ue-Li Pen*

Michail Petaev
James Phillips

Paul Plucinsky
Rene Plume
William Press*
Andrea Prestwich
Francis Primini
Michael Ratner

John Raymond
Robert Reasenberg
Mark Reid

Dana Riley Black*
Suzanne Romaine
Laurence Rothman
Arnold Rots
George Rybicki
Steven Saar
Hossein Sadeghpour
Philip Sadler*
Dimitar Sasselov*
Jonathan Schachter
Rudolph Schild
Eric Schlegel
Matthew Schneps
Herbert Schnopper
Daniel Schwartz
Frederick Seward
Aneta Siemiginowska
Eric Silver

Tonel Simbotin*
Patrick Slane
Howard Smith
Peter Smith*
Randall Smith
Willie Soon
Regina Soufli
Marco Spaans
Robert Spurr
Antony Stark

John Stauffer
Robert Stefanik
Robert Stern
Richard Stoner
Leonard Strachan
Harvey Tananbaum
Patrick Thaddeus
Eric Tollestrup
Volker Tolls
Guillermo Torres
Wesley Traub
Ginevra Trinchieri
Wallace Tucker
Han Uitenbroek
Adriaan Van Ballegooijen
Leon VanSpeybroeck
Vladimir Vassiliev
Robert Vessot

Jan Vrtilek

Saega Vrtilek
Ronald Walsworth
Zhong Wang
Robert Ward*
Bradford Wargelin

Harry Warren
Trevor Weekes
Fred Whipple
Belinda Wilkes
Steven Willner
David Wilner
Robert Wilson
Scott Wolk
Jonathan Woo
Brian Wood
John Wood
Kenny Wood
Diana Worrall
Min Yan*
Kouichi Yoshino
Ken Young
Robert Zacher
Xiaolei Zhang
Ping Zhao
Martin Zombeck

Smithsonian Center
for Materials
Research and
Education

Director
Lambertus van Zelst
Assistant to the Director
Beverly M. Smith
Administrative Officer
Vernetta M. Williams
Administrative Staff
Loretta E. Ester-Clark
Francine T. Lewis
Jocelyn D. Sellers

Education and

Training

Education Coordinator
Donald C. Williams

Archives Conservator
Fei-wen Tsai

Sentor Furniture Conservator
Melvin J. Wachowiak

Sentor Objects Conservator
Carol A. Grissom

*Harvard members of the
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for
Astrophysics

tv
NS

Objects Conservator
Harriet (Rae) F. Beaubien
Paintings Conservator
Jia-sun Tsang
Senior Paper Conservator
Dianne van der Reyden
Senior Textile Conservator
Mary W. Ballard

Research

Research Coordinator
Ronald L. Bishop
Senior Research Biochemist
Noreen C. Tuross
Research Biologist
Connie J. Kolman
Senior Research Ceramic
Scientist
Pamela B. Vandiver
Senior Research Chemists
M. James Blackman
Charles S. Tumosa
Research Chemist
Emile C. Joel
Metallurgist
Martha E. Goodway
Senior Research Organic Chemist
W. David Erhardt
Research Organic Chemists
Mary T. Baker
David W. von Endt
Senior Research Photographic
Sctentist
Mark McCormick-
Goodhart
Senior Research Physical
Scientist
Marion F. Mecklenburg

Support and
Collaboration

Sctentific Support Coordinator
Melanie E. Feather
Analytical Chemist
Camie S. Thompson
Biochemist
Jill L. Russ
Microscopist
Harry A. Alden
Organic Chemist
Walter R. Hopwood
Senior Paintings Conservator
Roland H. Cunningham
Technical Information Specialist
Ann B. N’Gadi

228

Smithsonian
Environmental
Research Center

Director

Ross B. Simons
Assistant Director

Anson H. Hines
Facilities Manager

Paul F. Tavel
Education Specialist

A. Mark Haddon
Animal Ecologists

James F. Lynch

Ilka C. Feller

Gregory M. Ruiz
Chemical Ecologist

Thomas E. Jordan
Environmental Chemist

David L. Correll
Environmental Engineer

Gary Peresta
Ecologist

Geoffrey G. Parker
Microbial Ecologists

D. Wayne Coats

Charles L. Gallegos
Modeler

Donald E. Weller
Plant Ecologists

Dennis F. Whigham

Catherine Lovelock
Photobrologist

Patrick J. Neale
Plant Phystologist

Bert G. Drake

Smithsonian
Tropical Research
Institute

Director
Ira Rubinoff
Deputy Director
Anthony G. Coates
Assistant Director for Facilities
Carlos Tejada
Assistant Director for
Fellowships and Education
Georgina de Alba

Assistant Director for
International and
External Affairs

Elena Lombardo
Assistant Director for Scientific
Support Services
Howard S. Barnes
Comptroler
Leopoldo Leén

Executive Officer and Assistant
Director for
Administration and Legal
Affairs

Leonor G. Motta

Special Advisor to the Director
for Technology
Transfer!Environmental
Policy Issues

Stanley Heckadon-Moreno

Accounting Office

Accounting Officer
Carlos Urbina

Development Office

Head, Development Office
Lucy B. Dorick (resigned
on August 21, 1998)
Development Officer
Lisa Barnett

Diving Office

Diving Officer
José Espino

Human Resources

Office

Personnel Management Specialist
Carmen Sucre

Office of Information
Technology

Information Technology Officer
Francisco Rivera

Library

Branch Librarian
Vielka Chang-Yau

Office of Physical
Plants

Branch Engineer
Fernando Pascal

Photographic
Department

Photographer
Marcos A. Guerra
Electronic Imaging Specialist
Alejandro Caballero

Procurement Office

Supervisor, Contract Specialist
Mercedes Arroyo

Protocol Office

Protocol Officer
Monica Alvarado

Safety Office

Safety Officer
José Ramon Perurena

Security Office

Security Manager
Alejandro Arze

Scientific Support
Services

Management Specialist
(Scientific)
Raineldo Urriola
Tupper Center, Ancon and
Galeta Manager
Audrey M. Smith
BCI Scientific Coordinator
Oris Acevedo
BCI Manager
Daniel Millan
Naos Support Services Manager
Mercedes Denis
Naos Laboratories Scientific
Coordinator
Anibal Velarde

Visitor Services Office

Visztor Services Manager
Gloria Maggiori

Scientific Staff

Emeritus Senior Scientist
A. Stanley Rand
Senior Scientists
Jeremy B.C. Jackson
Olga F. Linares
Mary Jane West-Eberhard
Staff Scientists
Annette Aiello
Penelope Barnes
Eldredge Bermingham
John H. Christy
Richard G. Cooke
Paul Colinvaux (retired on
September 30, 1998)
Mireya Correa
Luis D’Croz
William G. Eberhard
Helena Fortunato
Robin Foster
Héctor Guzman
Stanley Heckadon-Moreno
E. Allen Herre
Llewellya Hillis (departed
on September, 1998)
Nancy Knowlton
Egbert G. Leigh, Jr.
Harilaos Lessios
Dolores Piperno
D. Ross Robertson
David W. Roubik
Noris Salazar Allen
Fernando Santos-Granero
Neal G. Smith
William Wcislo
Donald M. Windsor
Klaus Winter
S. Joseph Wright

Center for Tropical
Forest Science

Director
Elizabeth C. Losos

Center for Tropical
Palaeoecology and
Archaeology

Director
Jeremy B.C. Jackson

Research Associates
Tomas Arias
Héctor Barrios
Mary Alice Coffroth
Laure! Collins
Gregory S. Gilbert
Nicholas Georgiadis
Mahabir Gupta
Stephen Hubbell
Roberto Ibafiez
Jorge Illueca
Peter Jung
Elisabeth Kalko
Howard R. Lasker
Stephen Mulkey
Catherine Porvin
Diomedes Quintero
Robert E. Ricklefs
Tyson Roberts
Michael Ryan
Julieta Carrrién de Samudio
Rafael Samudio
Hans-Ulrich Schnitzler
Robert Stallard
Henry Stockwell
Melvin Tyree
Fredic V. Vencl
Gerhard Zotz

Center for Museum
Studies

Director
Rex M. Ellis
Deputy Director
Bruce C. Craig
Administrative Officer
Eleanor M. David
Director's Secretary
Tiphanie Hill
Research Manager
Nancy J. Fuller
American Indian Museum
Studies Manager
Karen Coody Cooper

Museum Programs Specialist
Magdalena Mieri

Curriculum Coordinator
Bettie J. Lee

Secretary
David Hill

Emeritus Senior Scholar
Stephen E. Weil

Intern Services

Intern Services Coordinator
Elena Piquer Mayberry

Intern Services Assistant
Eric Jack Baker

Office of Exhibits
Central

Director
Michael Headley

Administration

Assistant Director
Mary Dillon Bird

Administrative Officer
Debbie H. Yang

Projects Manager
George Quist

Design, Editing, and
Graphics

Team Leader
Mary Dillon Bird

Modelmaking

Team Leader
Richard J. Kilday

Fabrication

Team Leader
Rick Pelasara

National Science
Resources Center

Executive Director
Douglas M. Lapp
Deputy Director for
Development, External
Relations, and Outreach
Sally Goetz Shuler
Administrative Officer
R. Gail Thomas
Computer Analyst
Leonard West, Sr.
Project Director, Science and
Technology Concepts for
Middle Schools (STC/MS)
Kicty Lou Smith
Information Dissemination
Director
Evelyn M. Ernst
Publications Director
Dean Trackman

Smithsonian
Institution Archives

Director
Edie Hedlin

Archives Division

Archivist and Division Director
Alan L. Bain

Associate Archivists
William E. Cox
James A. Steed
Kathleen M. Williams

Assistant Archivists
La Nina M. Clayton
R. Shawn Johnstone
Bruce R. Kirby
Michele Lee
Tammy L. Peters

Technical Services

Division

Division Director
Fynnette L. Eaton

229

Associate Archivist

Paul H. Theerman
Archives Specialist

Gerald J. Rosenzweig

Institutional History

Division

Historian and Division Director
Pamela M. Henson

Joseph Henry Papers
Project

Editor
Marc Rothenberg
Assistant Editor
Kathleen W. Dorman
Staff Historians
Deborah Y. Jeffries
Frank R. Millikan

National Collections
Program

National Collections
Coordinator
William G. Tompkins
Assistant National Collections
Coordinator
Lauri A. Hinksman

Smithsonian
Institution
Traveling
Exhibition Service

(SITES)

Director
Anna R. Cohn

Administration
Deputy Director

Lori Yarrish
Program

Associate Director for Program
Frederica R. Adelman

230

External Relations

Associate Director for External
Relations
Andrea Stevens

Development and
Marketing

Director of Development and
Marketing
Johleen D.N. Cannon

International Gallery

Director
Anne Gossett

Smithsonian Office
of Education

Director
Ann Bay
Deputy Director
Thomas Lowderbaugh
Publications Director
Michelle Smith

Office of Sponsored
Projects

Director
Ardelle G. Foss
Assistant Director
J. Scott Robinson
Administrative Officer
Dorothy C. Smith
Office Assistant
Vladamier X. Bouvier

Grant Management
Unit

Grant/Contract Administrator
Kathleen Hindle
Karen E. Oriji
Grant/Contract Specialist
Keron Hopkins
Karen Williamson

Financial Management
Unit

Grant/Contract Financial
Manager

Edgard Padilla
Financial Analyst

Delores Clyburn

Leni Figueiras
Financial Specialist

Marie A. Rogers
Indirect Cost/Audit Analyst

Darryl Greene

Accessibility
Program

Smithsonian Accessibility
Coordinator
Janice Majewski
Program Specialist
Elizabeth Ziebarth

Institutional

Studies Office

Director
Zahava D. Doering
Exhibition & Museum Audience
Analyst
Andrew J. Pekarik
Social Science Analysts
Stacey L. Bielick
Kerry R. DiGiacomo
Jean M. Kalata
David A Karns
Statistician
Steven J. Smith

The Under
Secretary

Office of the Under
Secretary

The Under Secretary
Constance B. Newman
Executive Director
Anna B. Martin
Confidential Assistant
Constance E. Lykes

Office of the Chief
Financial Officer

Chief Financial Officer
Rick R. Johnson

Organizational
Development Branch

Organizational Performance
Consultant
Jack Johnson

Office of the

General Counsel

General Counsel
John E. Huerta

Deputy General Counsel
James D. Douglas
Marsha S. Shaines

Assistant General Counsel
Rachelle V. Browne
Ildiko P. DeAngelis
Mildred M. Glover
Lauryn G. Grant
Elaine L. Johnston
Lisa A. Landsman
John K. Lapiana
Chris Nicholson
James I. Wilson

Associate General Counsel
Alan D. Ullberg
Legal Assistants
Debra Y. Belton
William C. Lamborn
Mariko C. Murray
Moire M. Queen
Anne H. Westbrook
Special Assistant
Lisa B. Bennett
Management Support Assistant
Sue E. Lake
Queenie C. Gray
Receptionist
Fernando J. Arce

Office of

Communications

Director
David J. Umansky
Secretary to the Director
Michelle Carr

Media Relations,

Office of Public

Affairs

Associate Director
Linda St.Thomas

Staff

Mary Combs
Vicki Moeser

Hamlet Paoletti
Rachel Sears
Elizabeth Tait

Publications, Office
of Public Affairs

Associate Director
Kathryn Lindeman
Staff
Ana Acosta
John Barrat
Colleen Hershberger
Jo Ann Webb

Visitor Information
and Associates’
Reception Center

Director
Mary Grace Potter
Deputy Director
Vacant
Administrative Officer
Grace Tull
Computer Specialist
Dana Small
Unit Manager, Public Inquiry
Mail and Telephone
Information Services
Katherine Neill Ridgley
Unit Manager, Information
Resource Division
Jane Gardner
Coordinator, Telephone
Information Services
Cordelia Benedict
Coordinator, Behind the Scenes
Volunteer Program
Roberta Buchanan
Associate Coordinator, Visitor
Information Unit
Tricia Byrne
Associate Coordinator, Visitor
Information Unit
Sheila Washington

Office of

Contracting

Director
John W. Cobert

Federal and Trust
Contracting Division
Manager

Lynn Spurgeon
Deputy Manager

Paulette Pressley

Business Contracting
Division
Manager

Ronald F. Cuffe

Deputy Manager
Lisa A. Keenan

Administration
Division

Manager
John P. Howser

Procurement Branch

Assistant Manager
Laura Simmons

Travel Services Division

Manager
Judith Petroski

Property and Inventory
Management Branch

Chief
Joseph Swihart

Storage, Distribution, and
Control Section

Supervisory General Supply
Specialist
Leon Smith

Systems Division

Manager
Theresa Pomeroy

Office of Equal
Employment and
Minority Affairs

Director
Era L. Marshall

Special Assistant to Director
McKinley Harris

Diversity/Affirmative
Employment Program

Diversity/Affirmative
Employment Program
Manager

Carol Gover

Special Emphasis Program

Special Emphasis Program
Manager
Pauline Fletemeyer

Complaints Program

Complaints Program Manager
Vacant

Pre-Complaint Program

Pre-Complaint Program
Manager
Angela Roybal

Small Disadvantaged
Business Utilization
Program

Small Disadvantaged Business
Utilization Program
Manager

Mauricio Vera

Office of
Environmental
Management and

Safety

Director
F. William Billingsley

Administrative
Services Branch

Branch Chief
Deborah M. Becker

v
Ww
ro

Fire Protection and
Safety Division

Assistant Director
J. Andrew Wilson

Environmental
Management Division

Assistant Director
Rachel L. Gregory

Occupational Health
Services Division

Assistant Director
Walter G. Bailey

Office of Physical
Plant

Director
Michael J. Sofield
Deputy Director
Vacant
Special Assistant to the Director
William Thomas
Financial Management Officer
Sherell Vucci
Associate Director,
Architectural History and
Historic Preservation

Cynthia R. Field

232

Assistant Director, Crafts
Services Division
Judie Cooper
Assistant Director, Construction
Management Division
Derek Ross
Assistant Director, Facilities
Planning Division
Harry Rombach
Associate Director, Engineering
& Design Division
Larry Stuebing
Assistant Director, Horticulture
Services Division
Nancy Bechrol
Assistant Director, Project
Management Division
Sheryl! Kolasinski
Assistant Director, Utilities
Operations &
Maintenance Division
Howard L. Wink, Jr.
Chief, Support Services Group
C.W. Arthur
Chief, Personnel, Policy, and
Training
Nancy Johns
Chief, Information Services
Mickey Stam

Office of Protection
Services

Director
David F. Morrell

Deputy Director, Operations
James J. McLaughlin
Associate Director,
Administration
Susan T. Tracey

Smithsonian
Magazine

Publisher
Ronald C. Walker
Edttor
Don Moser
Board of Editors
Kathleen M. Burke
Suzanne Crawford
Jim Doherty
Marlane A. Liddell
Sally Scott Maran
Edgar Rich
John P. Wiley, Jr.
Associate Publisher, Circulation
Liberta Abbondante
Associate Publisher,
Administration
Carey O. Randall
Director of Production
E. Cherry Doyle
Publisher Emeritus
Joseph J. Bonsignore
Founding Edttor and Publisher
Edward K. Thompson

The Smithsonian
Associates

Director
Mara Mayor
Deputy Director
Barbara S. Tuceling
Associate Director for
Educational and Cultural
Programs
Carol Bogash
Associate Director for
Marketing and
Membership
Holly Dell Tyler

Resident Associates
Program

Program Managers
Faye Dale Browning
Binney Levine
Senior Programmers
Stephen Diamond
Chery! Taylor

Study Tours and
Seminars

Program Manager
Amy Korkin
Deputy Program Manager
Prudence Clendenning
Senior Program Coordinators
Karen Gray
MaryBeth Mullen
Barbara York

Donors to the Smithsonian

Institution in Fiscal

Year 1998

The Board of Regents and the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution join
with the entire staff in thanking all of the Institution's friends for the

generosity they have shown with their financial support, gifts to the collec-
tion, and in-kind donations. Gifts are recorded under the title of the

recipient bureau or office, with a brief description of the gift where ap-

propriate. If perchance the name of any donor has been omitted from these

lists, it is an inadvertence and in no way diminishes the Institution’s

gratitude. Many gifts were received from donors who prefer to remain

anonymous; the Smithsonian wishes to thank these people, as well, for their

support.

Archives of American Art

Donors of Financial Support
$500,000 or more

The Brown Foundation, Inc.
$50,000 or more

The Henry Luce Foundation, Inc.
$25,000 or more

Jennie Stoddard Charitable Trust
$10,000 or more

The Beinecke Foundarion, Inc.
The Honorable and Mrs. Max N. Berry

Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Buck

The Charles E. Burchfield Foundation
Mrs. Lawrence A. Fleischman
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph G. Fogg III
Mr. and Mrs. William Gates, Sr.

. and Mrs. Hugh Halff, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Dwight M. Kendall
Mr. Henry Luce III

Mr. and Mrs. Frank Martucci

Dr. and Mrs. Samuel Miller
Yoshiko Mori

Dr. and Mrs. Meyer P. Potamkin
Mrs. Stephen D. Rubin

Mr. and Mrs. Keith S. Wellin

Ss

$5,000 or more

Mr. and Mrs. Jack S. Blanton, Sr.
Mr. and Mrs. Eli Broad

Mr. and Mrs. Donald J. Douglass
Mrs. Daniel Fraad

Ms. Elizabeth Marsteller Gordon

Ms. Agnes Gund and Mr. Daniel Shapiro

Mr. and Mrs. Raymond J. Horowitz

Mr. and Mrs. Bruce Karatz

Mr. Walter Keating

Mr. and Mrs. Werner H. Kramarsky

Hilva Baillie Landsman

Mr. and Mrs. Alvin S. Lane

Howard and Jean Lipman Foundation,
Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Richard A. Manoogian

Mr. and Mrs. Peter Norton

Orange County Museum of Art

Mr. and Mrs. Richard Roob

Dr. and Mrs. Christopher Stack

Mr. and Mrs. A. Alfred Taubman

Time, Inc.

$1,000 or more

Mr. and Mrs. Alexander Acevedo

Warren and Jan Adelson

Dr. Stephen Andrus

Mrs. Amy Cohen Arkin

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas M. Armstrong III

Mr. and Mrs. Ted Ashley

Milton & Sally Avery Arts Foundation,
Inc.

The Barkley Fund

The Barra Foundation, Inc.

Mrs. Anne Bass

The Honorable Michael Baume

Beacon Hill Fine Art

Mrs. Nancy T. Behrman

Ms. Louise Bourgeois

Ms. Rena A. Bransten

Mr. and Mrs. Georges Brigham

Dr. Irving F. Burton

Mr. and Mrs. Ralph C. Chapa

Christie's Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Raymond M. Cracchiolo

Mr. and Mrs. Duval Cravens

Mary Sharp Cronson

Mr. Bruce A. Davis

Yvonne de C Segerstrom

Dr. and Mrs. Francis de Marneffe

Michael and Dudley De! Balso

Mr. and Mrs. Richard P. Doerer

Mr. and Mrs. Joel S. Ehrenkranz

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Eichenberg

Mr. and Mrs. Anthony Enders

The Charles Engelhard Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Arthur A. Feder

Mr. and Mrs. Stuart P. Feld

Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Fleischer, Jr.

Mrs. Helena Fraser

ws

Mr. and Mrs. Robert J. Friedlander
Mr. and Mrs. Julian Ganz, Jr.
Dr. and Mrs. Frank C. Glover
Ms. Barbara Goldsmith

Mr. and Mrs. Leonard Goodman
Mrs. Robert S. Greenbaum

Mrs. Rachel K. Grody

Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence K. Grossman
Mr. and Mrs. Henry Grunwald
Mr. and Mrs. John M. Haddow
Mr. and Mrs. D. George Harris
Mr. and Mrs. FW. Herlitz

Mr. and Mrs. Frank W. Hoch
Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin D. Holloway
Ms. Jan Holloway

Mr. and Mrs. John K. Howat
Mr. and Mrs. Richard J. Janes
Dr. Helen I. Jessup

Mr. Harry Kahn

Mrs. Allan H. Kalmus

Suzanne Kayne

Mr. and Mrs. Richard Kelly

Mr. and Mrs. John Klingenstein
M. Knoedler & Co.

Mr. and Mrs. David W. Kornblatt
Dr. Diana Korzenik

Kraushaar Galleries

Mr. and Mrs. Leonard A. Lauder
Mr. and Mrs. Ronald S. Lauder
Melvin and Thelma Lenkin

Dr. and Mrs. Clinton N. Levin
Barbara W. Liberman

Mrs. Dorothy Lichtenstein

Dr. and Mrs. Kim K. Lie

Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Linton
Mr. Steve Martin

Robert and Jane Meyerhoff

Mr. Jack Nash

Mrs. Evelyn Stefansson Nef

Ms. Lynn Nesbit

Mr. Roy R. Neuberger
Overbrook Foundation

Pasadena Art Alliance

Mr. and Mrs. Richard E. Pate III
Mr. and Mrs. Dana M. Raymond
Mr. and Mrs. John Richards

Mr. Joel Rosenkranz and Ms. Janis Conner

Mrs. Walter Scheuer

Mr. and Mrs. Abbott K. Schlain
Mr. and Mrs. Morton L. Scholnick
Mr. and Mrs. Alan E. Schwartz
Miss Judith Selkowitz

Mrs. Stuart R. Shamberg

Mr. Sydney L. Shaper

Mr. and Mrs. Jon Shirley

234

Mr. and Mrs. Theodore Slavin

Mr. and Mrs. Harry Spiro

Mr. and Mrs. Theodore R. Stanley

Mrs. Elizabeth Strong-Cuevas

Judith Ogden Lady Thomson

Mrs. Helen S. Tucker

Steven C. Walske and Janina A.
Longtine

Mr. and Mrs. William B. Warner

Mr. and Mrs. Alvin Wasserman

Dr. Richard Wattenmaker

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Wechsler

Mr. and Mrs. William H. Weed

Ms. Shelby White and Mr. Leon Levy

Mrs. Wallace S. Wilson

Mr. and Mrs. C. Bagley Wright

Mr. Richard T. York

$500 or more

Dr. Lourdes V. Andaya
Mr. and Mrs. Robert Bahssin
Mr. Louis C. Baker
Mr. Geoffrey C. Beaumont
Mrs. Edwin A. Bergman
Mr. and Mrs. James Biben
Dr. and Mrs. John Bielawski
Dr. Annette Blaugrund
Dr. and Mrs. George Blum
Mrs. Ruth Bowman
Ms. Karen Johnson Boyd
Ms. Bettina Brendel
Dr. Philip L. Brewer
Mr. and Mrs. H. Theodore Brosch
Mr. and Mrs. Frederick Brown
Mrs. John Lee Bunce
Mrs. Rosalie K. Butzel
Mr. and Mrs. Howard B. Camden
Mrs. Robert J. Chapman
Mrs. Norbert Considine
Mrs. Ellen R. Cooper
Mrs. Therese Crandall
Dr. and Mrs. C. Arnold Curry
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph L. Davidson
Ms. Gabriella De Ferrari and
Mr. Raymond Learsy
Miss Annette M. De Lorenzo
Mrs. Luz Lajous de Madrazo
Mr. and Mrs. Brian Dillon
Mr. and Mrs. Cameron B. Duncan
Mrs. Dorothy Dunitz
Dr. Henry Durst
Mr. and Mrs. Barney A. Ebsworth
Ms. Julie Eichenberger
Mrs. Ann Eisenberg

Dallas Ernst

Mrs. Carol J. Feinberg

Mr. Blaine V. and Mrs. Diane A. Fogg

Gannett Foundation, Inc.

Mr. David A. Gardner and Ms. Lynn
Shostack

Mr. and Mrs. Yale Ginsburg

Mr. Arnold Glimcher

Ms. Laura Goldfeld

Mrs. John Goldsmith

Mr. and Mrs. Sam H. Goodman

Ms. Helen Gorenstein

Edith Greenwood

Mr. and Mrs. Roger Hallowell

Dr. and Mrs. Reginald Harnett

Jim Herrington and Carol Camiener

Mr. Charles Hess

Louise Hodgson

Ms. Catherine W. Holmes

Dr. Linda Hyman

Milton and Sheila Hyman

Mss. Philip Iselin

Mrs. Janet Jager

Ms. Wendy Jeffers

Mr. and Mrs. David Jensen

Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence M. Johnson

Mrs. Maxine C. Johnson

Martin and Cis Maisel Kellman

Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Kemper

Dr. and Mrs. Charles Kessler

Ms. Joan Peterson Klimann

Virginia C. Krueger

Mr. and Mrs. Alan D. Levy

Mrs. Marion Lynton

Mr. and Mrs. Tom F. Marsh

The Martin Foundation for the Creative
Arts

Mrs. Nan Tucker McEvoy

Ms. JoAnn McGrath

Mr. John Merow

Barbara T. Missect

Mrs. Annalee G. Newman

Mrs. Harris K. Oppenheimer

Mrs. Janice C. Oresman

Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Oroshnik

Mr. Frank Person

Mr. and Mrs. Bernard E. Pincus

Mrs. George B. Post

Mss. Frances G. Pratt

Mr. and Mrs. Richard Prentis

Mr. and Mrs. Irving W. Rabb

Ms. Cherry Rainone

Tara K. Reddi

Mr. and Mrs. Robert B. Rosowski

Mr. Fayez Sarofim

Mr. and Mrs. Douglas A. Schubot
Mr. and Mrs. Peter L. Sheldon
Mr. and Mrs. Morris P. Silver
Mrs. J. Score Smart

Mrs. Ronald P. Stanton

Mr. Theodore Stebbins, Jr.

Ms. Elizabeth R. Steele

Mr. and Mrs. George Strumbos
Dr. and Mrs. Floyd Tukel

Ms. Karen M. Van Antwerp

Vose Galleries of Boston

Mr. Duane A. Wakeham

Mrs. Joan Washburn

Mr. and Mrs. Cameron Waterman
Mr. Jerome Westheimer

Mr. and Mrs. Dave H. Williams
Mrs. Warren R. Woodward

Mr. Ezra K. Zilkha

$250 or more

Ms. Lydia Anderson

Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Applebaum

Mrs. William Arthur

Mr. Richard Brown Baker

Dr. and Mrs. James Bannon

Mrs. Donna Barnett

Mr. and Mrs. William G. Beaumont

Mr. Sherman Becker

Mrs. Marcia Allen Bielfield

Mr. and Mrs. Charles L. Biggs

Mr. and Mrs. Robert J. Blinken

Ms. Esther Bloch

Mr. and Mrs. Donald J. Blum

Mr. and Mrs. Paul Borman

Mr. Kenneth A. Brower

Mr. Michael Brown

John W. Butler, Jr. and John M.
VanderLinden

Mrs. Samuel C. Butler

Mrs. Electra M. Carlin

Mr. and Mrs. David M. Chamberlain

Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Clark

Barbara B. Cohn

Mrs. Lammot DuPont Copeland

Ms. Priscilla Cunningham

Mrs. Catherine G. Curran

Mr. Marvin H. Davidson

Mary T. Driggs

Mrs. Regina F. Dubin

Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence F. Du Mouchelle

Mrs. Pierre Dupont

Ms. Virginia Dwan

Mr. and Mrs. Allan B. Ecker

Mr. and Mrs. Christian P. Erdman

Mr. and Mrs. Alex J. Etkin

Mrs. Hortense F. Feldblum

Mr. and Mrs. Christopher Forbes
Mrs. Ivan Frankel

Morton and Harriett Freedman
Mrs. John S. French

Mr. and Mrs. Walter J. Fried
Miss Elizabeth H. Fuller
Howard and Melinda Godel
Mrs. Henry Goldberg

Mrs. Beatrice Golden

Mr. and Mrs. Robert C. Graham, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Richard Gray

Dr. and Mrs. Paul Green

Dr. Vartan Gregorian

Mr. Philip J. Hahn

Ruth and Robert Halperin
Harcourt General, Inc.

Mr. John W. Harris

Mr. and Mrs. E.H. Heaton

Mr. and Mrs. Stuart E. Hertzberg
Mr. and Mrs. Gedale Horowitz
Tabitha Huber

Inchbald School of Design

Mrs. David Jacknow

Mrs. Morris I. Jaffe

Mr. and Mrs. George FE. Jewett, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Donald J. Katz
Mrs. John M. Kingsland

Ruth and Alfred Koeppel
Robert P. and Arlene R. Kogod
Dr. and Mrs. Richard W. Kulis
Mrs. Roger Kyes

The Lachaise Foundation
Brigitte Lagoutte

Mrs. Nanette L. Lairman

Mr. and Mrs. David Leader
Helen Lerner

Mrs. Robert H. Levi

Mr. William S. Lieberman

Ms. Beverly Lopatin

Susan W. Lovert

Mrs. Robert A. Malin

Mr. and Mrs. Joel Mallin

Mrs. Susan McClatchy

Mrs. Wilbur McDonald

Dr. Martyna Miskinis

Mrs. Edward P. Moore

Mr. and Mrs. Donald F. Morris
Mr. and Mrs. Lester S. Morse, Jr.
Mrs. Katherine H. Coudon Murphy
Mr. Raymond D. Nasher

Dr. and Mrs. Kevin T. O'Donnell
Ms. Elizabeth M. Petrie

Mr. and Mrs. Leo Rabkin

Mrs. James A. Rawley

Readers Digest Foundation, Inc.

Mr. Ray Redfern

Samuel M. and Sheila W. Robbins

Mr. David Rockefeller, Sr.

Mr. Norman H. and Mrs. Dulcie
Rosenfeld

The Rosh Foundation

Mrs. Sunne Savage-Neuman

Mrs. Ann McGovern Scheiner

Miss Lillian Schwartz

Mr. and Mrs. Frederic A. Sharf

Carol Mary Shaya

Dr. and Mrs. Robert R. Silver

Mr. and Mrs. Jerome Singer

Mr. and Mrs. Alan B. Slifka

Mrs. Betty S. Smith

Mr. James W. Snyder

Mr. and Mrs. Steven J. Stadler

Bayard and Frances Storey

Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Strome

Mr. Bernard E. Sullivan

Mrs. Roselyne C. Swig

Susan Talbot

Dr. and Mrs. Jacob Y. Terner

Mrs. Mara Thorpe

Mr. Robert C. Vose III

Mr. and Mrs. William C. Wallstein

Ms. Ann Kirk Warren

Ms. Ruth Westphal

Wildenstein & Co., Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. James H. Wineman

Mr. and Mrs. Erving Wolf

Archives of American Art

Donors to the Collection

Harriet Dyer Adams. Harriet Dyer
Adams papers relating to David
Smith, ca. 1950-1951. 23 items.
November 6, 1997 and March 5, 1998
(05.980097G) Collected: 1998/03/05,
1997/10/14, R. Brown, Boston

Lisa Adams. Craig Kauffman letters to
Lisa Adams, 1986-1991. 39 items.
(08.980629G) Collected: 1998/06/29,
P. Karlstrom, Los Angeles

Mary E. Adams. Gift: Wilhelm Valen-
tiner letters to Mary E. Adams, 1954—
1957. 8 items + typescripts. October
7, 1997 (08.971007G) Collected:
1997/10/02, P. Karlstrom, Los Angeles

235

Mary E. and Clinton Adams. Oral his-
tory interview with Mary and Clinton
Adams, I sound cassette (60 min.) :
analog. Oral History Project
(08.9804240H) Interview conducted:
1998/04/24 P. Karlstrom Los Angeles

Jo Harvey Allen. Oral history interview
with Jo Harvey Allen, 2 sound casset-
tes (2 hrs.) : analog. Oral history
project (08.9804210H) Interview con-
ducted: 1998/04/21, P. Karlstrom, Los
Angeles

Terry Allen. Oral history interview with
Terry Allen, 3 sound cassettes (3 hrs.):
analog. Oral history project
(08.980424OH) Interview conducted:
1998/04/22, P. Karlstrom, Los Angeles

Xiomaria Almaguer-Levy. Gift: Tomas
Oliva papers, {ca. 1957-1995]. 0.4
linear ft. (ca. 30 items) (4.980204G)
Collected: 1998/02/04, L. Kirwin,
Washington, D.C.

Joan Ankrum. Oral history interview
with Joan Ankrum, 1997 Nov. 5-1998
Feb. 4. Sound recording: 6 sound cas-
settes (60 min. each) : analog.
Transcript: 195 pp. Oral History
Project (08.981105;OH) Interview con-
ducted : 1997/11/16, 1997/11/05, P.
Karlstrom, Los Angeles, Beth
Broderick

Art Institute of Chicago via Jack Perry
Brown, Ryerson and Burnham
Libraries. Oral history interview with
Serge Chermayeff, 1985 May 23-24.
126 pp. May 27, 1998 (05.980527G)
Collected: 1998/05/27, R. Brown,
Boston

Penelope C. Barringer for the Torpedo
Factory Artists’ Association. Torpedo
Factory Art Center records, 1974—-
1995. 9.0 linear ft. (04.980625G) Col-
lected: 1998/06/25, L. Kirwin,
Washington, D.C.

William, Baziotes. 1912-1963. Loan:
{Sketchbooks} William Baziotes

{ca. 1933}. 2 v. (on partial microfilm
reel) (02.980205L) Collected:
1998/02/05, S. Polcari, New York

Philip C. Beam. Philip C. Beam papers,
ca. 1930s—ca. 1991. 11.0 linear ft.

(05.980720G) Collected: 1998/07/20, R.
Brown, Boston

Siri Berg. Siri Berg papers, 1972-1994.
1.0 linear ft. (02.980724G )

236

Collected: 1998/06/30, S. Polcari,
New York

Douglas Berman. Berman Daferner
(Gallery) [Photographs and slides}
{ca. 1950-1960] 285 photographic
prints : b&w; 8 x 10 in. and smaller. 5
slides : b&w. Addition: 133 slides :
col. (02.960319G) Collected:
1998/05/13, 1996/03/19, S. Polcari,
New York

Margherita Blanc. Giulio V. Blanc papers,
1920-1995. 11.0 linear ft. Jan. 19, 1998
(04.980119G) Collected: 1998/01/13, L.
Kirwin, Washington, D.C.

Carl Oscar, Borg. 1879-1947. Carl Oscar
Borg scrapbooks, 1903-1955. 3 v. (0.4
linear ft.) Gift (08.980609G) Col-
lected: 1998/06/09, P. Karlstrom, Los
Angeles

Lynn Braswell. Robert Wiegand papers
and video art, 1953-1990. 6.4 linear
ft. (02.980316G) Collected:
1998/03/16, S. Polcari, New York

Ruth Braunstein. Braunstein/Quay Gal-
lery records, 1961-1997. Addition
(L.A.); 20.3 ft. Collected: 1998/01/29,
P. Karlstrom, San Francisco

Maria Brito. Oral history interview
with Maria Brito, 1997 Oct. 25.
Sound recording: 2 sound cassettes :
analog. Transcript: 115 pp. Oral His-
tory Project Oct. 24, 1997
(04.9710240H)

Irving Burton. Irving F. Burton papers,
1816-1967. Photocopy of a letter
signed by Eastman Johnson was
given to Richard Wattenmaker in
February 1998.

Paul Carey. Oral history interview with
Paul Carey and Stephanie Caloia, 1
sound cassette (60 min.) : analog.
Oral History Project (08.971026OH)
Interview conducted: 1997/10/26, P.
Karlstrom, Los Angeles

William E. Carnahan. Ruth Post re-
search material on Virgil Macey Wil-
liams, 1970-1980 2.0 linear ft.
(04.980212G) Collected: 1998/02/18,
L. Kirwin, Washington, D.C.

Elise Ort Casper. (Bequest): Tim and Elise
Ort Casper papers, 1945-1969. 3.2 linear
ft. (04.980121G) Collected: 1998/ov/21,
B. Joffrion, Washington, D.C.

Maryerte Charlton. Maryette Charlton
research material on Frederick Kies-

ler, 1929-1998. 6.1 linear ft. June 2,
1998 (02.960602G ) Collected:
1998/05/08, S. Polcari, New York

Nancy Clark. Nancy Clark papers relat-
ing to Fernando A. Garcia, 1970-
1996. 0.4 linear ft. (04.971212G)
Collected : 1997/12/12, L. Kirwin,
Washington, D.C.

Sylvan Cole. Sylvan Cole interview June
u and June 30, 1998. Interview con-
ducted by Gail Annow

Robert Cottingham. Oral history inter-
view with Robert Cottingham, 1998
July 27. 2 sound cassettes (135 min.) :
analog. Oral History Project
(05.9807270H) Interview conducted:
1998/07/27, R. Brown, Boston

James B. Cox and Benjamin Cox; also
Phyllis B. Koch. Gardner Cox
papers, 1920-1995. Addition: ca. 12.0
linear ft. (05.980916G) Addition Col-
lected: 1998/09/21, 1998/09/16, R.
Brown, Boston

Kathryn Lewis Crane. Monty Lewis
papers, 1928-{ca. 1960.} 1.0 linear ft.
(08.980416G) Collected: 1998/04/16,
P. Karlstrom, Los Angeles

Arthur Coleman Danto. 1924~. Arthur
Coleman Danto papers, 1981-1998.
1.2 linear ft. August 9, 1998
(02.980809G) Collected: 1998/07/20,
S. Polcari, New York

Josephine and Salvatore Del Deo.
Josephine and Salvatore Del Deo
collection relating to Provincetown
artists, {ca. 19291970]. 0.8 linear ft.
(5.980096G) Collected: 1996/06/12,
1996/07/07, 1998/08/28, R. Brown,
Boston

Veronique Duca. Alfred Milton Duca
papers, 1940-1997. Addition: 2.4
linear ft. (05.980612G) Addition Col-
lected: 1998/06/12, R. Brown, Boston

Peter A. Engstrom. Loan: John Singer
Sargent letter to Frank D. Millet,
1887 Oct. 20. 2 items (on partial
microfilm reel) (05.980805L) Col-
lected: 1998/08/05, R. Brown, Boston

Elin Ewald. Gift: O’Toole-Ewald Art
Associates, Inc. records, 1970s—
1980s}. Addition (New York): 6
linear ft. O’Toole-Ewald Art As-
sociates, Inc., March 11, 1998
(02.920093G) Collected: 1998/03/06,
S. Poleari, New York

Claire Falkenstein Trust. Claire
Falkenstein papers, {ca. 1930-1997].
100 linear ft. (08.971215G) Collected:
1997/12/15, P. Karlstrom, Los Angeles

Lawrence Fane. Lawrence Fane papers,
1967-1997. 0.4 linear ft.
(02.980312G) Collected: 1998/03/06,
S. Polcari, New York

Walter Feldman. Oral history interview
with Walter Feldman, 1 sound cassette
(90 min.) : analog. Oral History
Project (05.9808100H) Interview con-
ducted: 1998/08/10, B. Brown, Boston

Richard E. Filipowski. Richard E.
Filipowski papers, 1940-1995. 4.0
linear ft. (05.980089G) Collected:
1998/05/12, 1996/04/16, 1990/03/14,
1989/10/21, 1989/06/27, 1989/05/08,
1989/04/04, 1989/03/24, 1989/03/16,
B. Brown, Boston

Ed Garman. Oral history interview
with Ed Garman, 4 sound cassettes
(4 hrs.) : analog. Oral History Project
(08.9803300H) Interview conducted:
1998/03/25-30, D. Cartwright, Los
Angeles, Gerald Buck Fund

Pauline B. Goetz. Beniamino Bufano
papers, [1930s—1970]. Gift: 5.0 linear
ft. (08.971214G) Collected:
1997/12/04, P. Karlstrom, Los Angeles

Marian Gore. KPFK “Art Scene” inter-
views, 1962-1964. 38 sound tape
reels: analog ; 7 in. Collected:
1997/12/02, P. Karlstrom, Los Angeles

Jane Bolles Grimm. John Bolles Gallery
records, 1958-1975. Addition: 1.0
linear ft. (08.971121G) Collected:
1997/11/21, P. Karlstrom, Los Angeles

Dimitri Hadzi. Dimitri Hadzi papers,
1949-1989. Addition: 7.0 linear ft.
(05.980089G) Addition Collected:
1998/01/12, R. Brown, Boston

Cecily Hancock. Loan: Augustus Koop-
man papers, ca. 1887-1986. Reel 5321:
Loan March 27, 1998 (05.980327L) Col-
lected: 1998/04/27, R. Brown, Boston

Elizabeth S. Helfman. Harry Helfman
papers, 1933-1962. 14 items. Addition
2 items. March 30, 1998 and June 3,
1999 (02.960330G) Collected:
1998/03/09, S. Polcari, New York

Dick Higgins. Dick Higgins papers,
1958-1997. 6.0 linear ft. (02.980718G)
Collected: 1998/06/05, S. Polcari, New
York

Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Gar-
den. Zilczer, Judith (Transfer) Papers
relating to art commissioned for the
Ronald Reagan Building and Interna-
tional Trade Center, 1992-1998. 0.4
linear ft. Collected: 1998/07/09, L.
Kirwin, Washington, D.C.
(04.980709T)

Marston Dean Hodgin. Oral history in-
terview with Marston Dean Hodgin,
I sound cassette (80 min.) : analog.
Oral History Project (05.980825OH)
Interview conducted: 1998/08/25, B.
Brown, Boston

William I. Homer. William Innes
Homer papers, 1938-1980. Addition:
0.6 linear ft. (4.900080G) Addition
Collected: 1998/05/17, L. Kirwin,
Washington, D.C.

Benjamin Horowitz. Heritage Gallery
records, 1962-1998. 8.3 linear ft.
(8.980731G) Collected: 1998/07/31,

P. Karlstrom, Los Angeles

Georgina Huck through Keith Bradley,
executor of the estate of G. Huck.
Peggy (Georgina Margaret) Huck
papers, 1948-1996. 4.2 linear ft.
(5.980098G) Collected: 1998/09/21,
1998/04/01, 1998/03/20, 1998/01/14,
B. Brown, Boston

Elizabeth Hunter. R.H. Ives Gammell
papers, 1883-1981. 29 v. (on 3 micro-
film reels) Addition: 0.4 linear ft.
(05.911204L) Collected: 1998/02/25,
1991/12/04, R. Brown, Boston

Bob Jamieson. Leon Polk Smith papers
1927-1997. 7.0 linear ft. July 22, 1998
(02.980722G) Collected: 1998/06/05,
S. Polcari, New York

Elizabeth A. Jones. Elizabeth A. Jones
papers, 1960-1997. 7.1 linear ft.
(04.971211G) Collected : 1997/12/11,
L. Kirwin, Washington, D.C.

Morris and Ruth Kadish. Loan: Reuben
Kadish papers, 1936-1996. 8.0 linear
ft. Loan (02.980126L) Collected:
1998/01/26, S. Polcari, New York

Craig Kauffman. Craig Kauffman
papers, {ca. 1950]}-1997. 4.7 linear ft.

(08.971128G) Collected: 1997/11/28, P.
Karlstrom, Los Angeles

Mary Heath Keesling. Mary Heath
Keesling papers, 1965-1997. 0.4
linear ft. (08.971202G) Collected:
1997/12/02, P. Karlstrom, Los Angeles

Matthew Curtis Klebaum. Nicholas
Wilder Gallery records, 1965-1979.
3.4 linear ft. (8.980625G) Collected:
1998/06/25, P. Karlstrom, Los Angeles

Misch Kohn. Misch Kohn papers,
1940s—1997. 1.0 linear ft.
(08.980711G) Collected: 1998/08/04,
P. Karlstrom, Los Angeles

Peter and Rose Krasnow Foundation.
Peter and Rose Krasnow papers, 1914—
1975. Addition: 4.3 linear ft. Mar. 30,
1998 (08.980330G) Addition Col-
lected: 1998/03/12, P. Karlstrom, Los
Angeles

Diane Kredenser. Nathan Kredenser
papers, {ca. 1950-1990]. 3.5 linear ft.
November 11, 1997 (05.971111) Col-
lected: 1997/11/01, R. Brown, Boston

Austreberta Laigo. Val Laigo papers,
1954-1998. 0.4 linear ft. Addition
(D.C.): 0.2 linear ft. Addition (L.A.):
0.2 linear ft. (08.940427G ) Addi-
tions Collected: 1998/08/24 (under
1994 deed), Los Angeles, 1994/04/27,
P. Karlstrom, 1990/11/03, B. Johns,
San Francisco, NWAAP

Jacob Lawrence. Jacob Lawrence and
Gwendolyn Knight papers, 1937—
1979 Addition: 3.0 linear ft.
(08.970079G) Collected: 1997/10, P.
Karlstrom, Los Angeles

James Lechay. Oral history interview
with James Lechay, 1998 July 9—Aug.
26 sound cassettes (150 min.) :
analog. Oral History Project
(05.980709OH) Interview con-
ducted: 1998/07/09, 1998/08/26, R.
Brown, Boston

Sherman Emery Lee. Sherman E. Lee
papers, 1958-1996. 9.0 linear ft.
(04.971118G) Collected: 1997/11/18, L.
Kirwin, Washington, D.C.

Connie Lembark. Connie Lembark letters,
1971-1997. 16 items. (8.980306G) Col-
lected: 1998/02/27, P. Karlstrom, Los
Angeles

Jean Lipman. Howard W. and Jean
Lipman papers, {ca. 1932-1980].
Addition (L.A.): 1.0 linear ft.
(08.980409G) Addition (L.A.): Col-
lected 1998/04/09 P. Karlstrom, Los
Angeles

Jane K. Lowentritt. Kohlmeyer, Ida,
1912— . Ida Kohlmeyer papers, {ca.
1950}-1997. Reels 5280-5281 (Loan):

237

2.0 linear ft. Unmicrofilmed (Gift):
18.0 linear ft. Donated 1998 by Jane
K. Lowentritt, Kohlmeyer's daughter
and former studio manager, except
for material on reels 5280-5281,
which Lowentrit lent for microfilm-
ing. Kohlmeyer’s maquettes for her
sculpture were donated.

The Historic New Orleans Collection.
Collected: 1998/o1/09, L. Kirwin,
Washington, D.C.

Gilbert Lujan. Oral history interview
with Gilbert Sanchez Lujan, 1997
Nov. 17. Sound recordings: 5 sound
cassettes (60 min. each) : analog.
Transcript: 104 pp. Oral History
Project Nov. 13, 1997 (08.9711130H)
Interview conducted: J. Rangel, Los
Angeles

Michael Mazur. Loan: Michael Mazur
papers, 1937-1998. 6 microfilm reels
(ca. 1,400 items) (05.980077L) Col-
lected: 1998/03/24, R. Brown, Boston

Michael McGrory. Creative art expres-
sion and appreciation : a method of
developing student ability ... a way
to bridge the interval between stu-
dent and professional approach / by
Gladys Kelley Fitch. ca. 1937. 13 pp.
Jan. 9, 1998 (05.980109G) Collected:
1998/o1/12, R. Brown, Boston

William McVey estate via Seth C. Taft,
executor. William and Leza McVey
papers, 1932-1974. ca. 30 linear ft.
(partially microfilmed on 2 reels)
(02.980096G) Collected: 1998/01/05,
1996/03/06, R. Brown, Boston;
1973/10/30, D. Barrie, Detroit

Dorothy C. Miller via Wendy Jeffers.
Dorothy C. Miller papers, 1923-1989
28.0 linear ft. 1986-1997
(02.970086G) Collected : 1997/10/01,
1995/04/03, 1995/03/22 1995/02/02,
1994/04/18, 1994/05/13, S. Polcari;
1986/11/07, B. McNaught

Naomi Miller. Robert Venturi letter to
Naomi Miller, 1967 Jan. 3. 1 item.
(05.980821G) Collected: 1998/08/21,
R. Brown, Boston

Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of
Design. Oral history interviews with
Ed Rossbach and Katherine
Westphal, 1997. Sound recordings: 8
sound cassettes. (08.980501G)
Providence, RI, May 1, 1998

238

National Portrait Gallery. (Transfer): Lil-
lian B. Miller papers, 1998. 13.0 linear
ft. (04.980910T) Collected: 1998/09/10,
L. Kirwin, Washington, D.C.

Barbara Nikla and John J. Lyons. Ben-
son Bond Moore papers, 1895-1995
(bulk 1902-1974) 5.7 linear ft. Dec.
17, 1996 (04.961217G) Collected:
1997/10/27, 1996/12/19, L. Kirwin,
Washington, D.C.

North Carolina Museum of Art. Hob-
son Pittman papers, 1916-1990. Addi-
tion: 1,538 f sketches. Unfilmed
(artwork) (04.971204G) Addition Col-
lected: 1997/12/04, L. Kirwin,
Washington, D.C.

Betty Parsons Estate and Foundation
via William Raynor and Christopher
Schwabacher. Betty Parsons papers
and gallery records, 1927-1985. Addi-
tion: 2.0 linear ft. (Raynor)
(02.980074G ) Addition Collected:
1998/05/08, S. Polcari, New York

Kenneth W. Prescott. Kenneth and
Emma-Stina Prescott research
material on artists, 1930-1987. 7.0
linear ft. Addition: 0.2 linear ft.
(04.980087G) Collected: 1998/09/16,
1995/09/28, 1987/12/30, L. Kirwin,
Washington, D.C.

Noah Purifoy. Noah Purifoy papers,
1960s—1998. 1.4 linear ft.
(08.98092dG) Collected: 1998/09/29,
P. Karlstrom, Los Angeles

Perry T. Rathbone through his wife
Eurette. Legal records relating to the
estate of Mathilde Beckmann,
{ca.1959-1997]. 2.0 linear ft.
(05.980817G) Collected: 1998/08/17,
R. Brown, Boston

Harold B. and Sonia Thresher
Richardson. Brainerd Bliss Thresher
letters, 1935-1938. 0.2 linear ft. Oc-
tober 27, 1997 (05.971027G) Col-
lected: 1997/09/26, R. Brown, Boston

Arturo Rodriguez. Oral History inter-
view with Arturo Rodriguez. Sound
recording: I sound cassette : analog.
Transcript: 63 pp. (04.97114OH) In-
terview conducted: 1997/11/14, Juan
Martinez, Washington, D.C., SI
Latino Pool fund

Chuck and Jan Rosenak. Chuck and Jan
Rosenak research material, 1990—
1997. 14.0 linear ft. (04.980106G)

Collected: 1998/01/06, L. Kirwin,
Washington, D.C.

Ralph Rosenthal. Loan: Ralph Rosenthal
papers, 1938-1996. I partial microfilm
reel (10 items) (05.980309L) Collected:
1998/03/09, R. Brown, Boston

Norman Sasowsky. Research material on
Reginald Marsh, 1921-1975. Whitney
Museum of American Art, Reginal
Marsh papers. Addition: 1.0 linear ft.
(deed signed; on deposit since
February 22, 1977) (04.980629G) Ad-
dition Collected: 1998/06/29, L. Kir-
win, Washington, D.C.

Peter Selz. Peter Howard Selz papers,
1954-1980. Addition II: 3 linear ft.
1976-1996 (08.960076G) Collected:
1997/11/10, P. Karlstrom, Los Angeles

Linda Shaffer. Myer Shaffer papers, {ca.
1930-1950}. I v. (0.4 linear ft.)
(08.971226G) Collected: 1997/12/09,
P. Karlstrom, Los Angeles

Caroline Sky. Artists Equity Associa-
tion, Washington, D.C. chapter
records, 1965-1997. Addition: 4.0
linear ft. (4.980710G) Addition Col-
lected: 1998/07/10, L. Kirwin,
Washington, D.C.

Carol Snow. Ruth Barker Johnston
papers, 1940-1948. 0.2 linear ft.
(05.980115G) Collected: 1998/o1/15, R.
Brown, Boston

Joseph Solman. Joseph Solman papers, 1933—
1998. Addition: 0.4 linear ft. March 9,
1998 (3 02.980309G) Addition Collected:
1998/03/02, S. Polcari New York

Raefel Soriano. Oral history interview
with Raefel Soriano. Sound recording: 1
sound cassette : analog. Transcript: 67
pp. Oral History Project Dec. 6, 1997
(04.971206OH) Interview Conducted:
Juan Martinez, Washington, D.C., SI
Latino Pool Fund

Elsie Youngman Sprague c/o Harry
Hull. Loan: Correspondence of Elsie
(Mrs. William) Hooper, {ca. 1905—ca.
1942}. 93 f items. Collected:
1998/06/05, R. Brown, Boston

Charles Strong. Oral history interview
with Charles Strong, 1998 Mar 14-30
3 sound cassettes (2 hrs. 45 min.) :
analog. Transcript: (58 pp.) Interview
conducted: 1998/03/24-30 P.
Karlstrom, Los Angeles, Jo Farb Her-
nandez (08.9803140H)

Susanne Suba. Susanne Suba papers,

f 1939-1982. Addition (New York):
38 items. Oct. 20, 1994 and Nov. 18,
1997 (02.941020G) Collected:
1997/1V/18 (hand delivered)

Beatrice Takeuchi. Takeuchi, Beatrice,
1921— . School of Design in Chicago :
refugees east and west / Beatrice
Takeuchi. 1998. 54 pp. July 3, 1998
(05.980703G) Collected: 1998/05/14,
R. Brown, Boston

Polly Thayer. Polly Thayer papers, [ca.
1930-1995]. 2.0 linear ft. (05.980409G)
Collected: 1998/02/09, R. Brown,
Boston

Roberta L. Thompson. Gift: John Al-
toon artwork and papers, [ca. 1940—
1969]. 1.9 linear ft. January 3, 1998
(08.980103G) Collected: 1997/12/23,
P. Karlstrom, Los Angeles

Sue M. Thurman. Oral history interview
with Sue M. Thurman, 1993 Apr. 23—
1998 Mar. 11. 5 sound cassettes (7-1/2
hrs.) : analog. Oral History Project
(05.9800970H) Interview conducted:
1998/03/11, 1998/02/, 1998/02/03,
1998/01/06, 1997/12/03, 1997/09/30,
1993/04/23, R. Brown, Boston

Harold Tovish. Oral history interview
with Harold Tovish. 3 sound cassettes
(225 min.) : analog. Oral History
Project: Nov. 13 1997—Apr. 7, 1998
(05.970098OH) Interview con-
ducted: 1998/04/11, 1997/12/30,
1997/11/13, B. Brown, Boston

Nancy Uyemura. Matsumi Kanemitsu
papers, [ca 1970-1990]. Addition: 3.3
linear fr. (8.980094G) Addition Col-
lected: 1998/08/14, P. Karlstrom, Los
Angeles

Tony Vevers. Oral history interview with
Tony Vevers. 2 sound cassettes (165
min.) : analog. Oral History Project:
August 1, 1998 (05.980825OH) Inter-
view conducted: 1998/07/09,
1998/08/25, B. Brown, Boston

David Waleurt. William Walcutt
papers, 1852-1882. 0.4 linear fr.
Washington, D.C. (04.980428G) Col-
lected: 1998/04/28, L. Kirwin,
Washington, D.C.

Carroll F. Wales. Carroll F. Wales
papers, 1972-1998. 0.7 linear fr.
(05.980092G) Collected: 1992/11/19,
1998/09/11, R. Brown, Boston

Robert Warshaw. Hans Hofmann
papers, 1911-1966. 37.0 linear ft.
(02.971217G) Collected: 1997/12/17, S.
Polcari, New York

Anita Weschler. Gift: Anita Weschler
papers, 1938-1998. 1.6 linear ft. Gift
1974 through 1998 (02.940074G) Col-
lected: 1998/09/13, 1994/12/21,
1992/02/28, S. Polcari; 1982/06/14,
1981/10/09, 1978/02/24, W. McNaught

Merry I. White. Reginald R. Isaacs
papers, 1842-1991 (bulk 1928-1991).
Addition: 1.0 f linear ft. Nov. 3, 1997
(05.971103G) Collected: 1997/10/27,
R. Brown, Boston

William T. Wiley. Oral history inter-
view with William T. Wiley, 1997
Oct. 8-Nov. 20. Sound recording: 8
sound cassettes (60 min. each) :
analog. Transcript: 221 pp. Oral
History Project (08.971008OH)
Interview conducted: 1997/11/20,
1997/1V/17, 1997/10/20, 1997/10/8 P.
Karlstrom, Los Angeles, Jewish Com-
munal Fund/Rena Branston
(transcription)

Anne Winslow. Gretchen W. Rogers
papers, 1901-1986. 0.5 linear ft.
(05.970094G) Collected: 1997/11/25,
1995/02/20, 1994/10/30, 1994/05/04,
R. Brown, Boston

Margret Craver Withers. Margret
Craver Withers papers, 1926-1992.
8.3 linear ft. (partially microfilmed
on 1 reel) Addition: 1.8 linear ft. Gift
1971 through 1998 (05.980071G) Col-
lected: 1971/03/00, 1974/02/08,
1975/02/17, 1983/05/06, 1989/04/28,
1991/08/01, 1993/02/10, 1993/05/27,
1993/06/14, 1998/05/27, 1998/07/07,
R. Brown, Boston

Maudelle Hoy Woodruff. C.B. (Clara
Belle) Owen letters, 1880-1881. 1 v.

(08.980410G) Collected: 1998/04/10, P.
Karlstrom, Los Angeles

Richard P. Wunder. Richard Wunder re-
search material on Harriet Black-
stone, 1940-1986. 2.0 linear feet
(02.960126G) Collected: 1998/01/26,
S. Polcari, New York

Bobbie Sioux Xuereb. Area X Gallery
records, 1984-1987. 2.0 linear ft.
March 26, 1998 (02.980326G)
Collected: 1998/03/24, S. Polcari,
New York

Center for Folklife

Programs and Cultural
Studies

Donors of Financial Support

$100,000 or more

Philippine Centennial Foundation USA

$50,000 or more

State of Wisconsin

$10,000 or more

SBC Foundation

$1,000 or more

Broadcast Music, Inc.

Dartmouth College

Folk Alliance

Folklore Society of Greater Washington

Sonia Lewenberg

Mysdyscs Inc.

Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and
Museum

$500 or more

Shirley Gould

Donors to the Collection

Diana Davies. Photographs, contact
sheets, prints, and slides of the New-
port Folk Festival, the Philadelphia
Folk Festival, the Poor People’s
March, and miscellaneous per-
sonalities of the American folk
revival.

Fast Folk Musical Magazine Board of
Trustees. The Fast Folk Musical
Magazine. Formed in New York in
1982 as a songwriter/performer
cooperative, Fast Folk was an outlet
for singer/songwriters to release their
first recordings. The collection in-
cludes the master recording tapes,
magazines and paper records of the
organization.

239

Rose Rubin and Michael Stillman.
Monitor Records collection. Begun
in 1956 in New York City, the collec-
tion contains more than 250 folk and
classical music recordings in its
catalogue, which includes music
primarily from the then-Soviet
Union, the Eastern Bloc, and other
parts of Europe. The collection in-
cludes the original master tapes,
graphics, and business records of the
company.

Donors of In-Kind Support

Allied Resinous Products, Inc. Six plas-
tic cutting boards for foodways
demonstrations at the Smithsonian
Folklife Festival.

The Bagelry. Three dozen bagels for the
Smithsonian Folklife Festival.

Bardo Rodeo. Kegs of beer for the staff
of the Smithsonian Folklife Festival.

Ben & Jerry’s. 200 peace pops for staff
of the Smithsonian Folklife Festival.

Breads Unlimited. Ten dozen bagels for
volunteer orientation, Smithsonian
Folklife Festival.

Brick Oven Bakery. 50 muffins for
volunteer orientation, Smithsonian
Folklife Festival.

Circuit City Foundation. Gift certifi-
cates for items for the Smithsonian
Folklife Festival.

Cloister. Two boxes of water bortles for
the Smithsonian Folklife Festival.

Costco Wholesale. Gift certificate for
items for the Smithsonian Folklife
Festival.

Ekco Houseware. Product for foodways
demonstrations at the Smithsonian
Folklife Festival.

EmberGlo. Two steamers for foodways
demonstrations at the Smithsonian
Folklife Festival.

Fresh Fields. Five cases of fruit and 60
loaves of bread for the Smithsonian
Folklife Festival.

Frito-Lay. 10 cases of chips for the
Smithsonian Folklife Festival.

Goodmark Foods, Inc. 15 cases of Andy
Capp’s fries and two cases of Slim
Jims for the Smithsonian Folklife
Festival.

240

Heartland Mills. Several loaves of
bread for the Smithsonian Folklife
Festival.

Libby Inc. Case of glasses for the Smith-
sonian Folklife Festival.

McCormick & Company, Inc. Spice rack
for use in foodways demonstrations at
the Smithsonian Folklife Festival.

Michelle's Family Bakery. 70 danishes
for the Smithsonian Folklife Festival.

Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. 25 cases of
produce for the Smithsonian Folklife
Festival.

Ottenberg’s Bakers, Inc. Breads used at
the Smithsonian Folklife Festival.

Papa John’s International, Inc. Gift certifi-
cate for the Smithsonian Folklife Fes-
tival.

Recording Industries Music Perfor-
mance Trust Funds. Honoraria for
U.S. musicians at the Smithsonian
Folklife Festival.

Red Sage Bakery and General Store. 50
muffins and bread for the Smith-
sonian Folklife Festival.

Reeves Restaurant and Bakery. Five
dozen donuts for the Smithsonian
Folklife Festival.

Reily Foods Company. 24 pounds of
Luzianne coffee for the Smithsonian
Folklife Festival.

Ricola. Several cans of Ricola cough
drops for the Smithsonian Folklife
Festival.

Shoppers Food Warehouse. Gift certifi-
cates for items for the Smithsonian
Folklife Festival.

Subway. Six-foor sub for the staff of the
Smithsonian Folklife Festival.

The Sugar Association, Inc. 400 pounds
of granulated sugar for the Smith-
sonian Folklife Festival.

Superfresh Food Market. Gift certificate
for the Smithsonian Folklife Festival.

Tysons Bagel Market. 50 dozen bagels
and 30 pounds of cream cheese for
the Smithsonian Folklife Festival.

Urz Quality Foods, Inc. Five cases of
cheese curls for rhe Smithsonian
Folklife Festival.

Walmart-Carroll. Gift certificates for
the Smithsonian Folklife Festival.

Westwood-Squibb Pharmaceuticals Inc.
24 cartridge samples for the Smith-
sonian Folklife Festival.

Whatsa Bagel. Several dozen bagels for
the Smithsonian Folklife Festival.

Wilkins Coffee, Inc. 24 pounds of coffee
for the Smithsonian Folklife Festival.

Wisconsin Milk Marketing Board. Of-
fice supply samples for the Smith-
sonian Folklife Festival.

Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company. Six boxes
(1220 packages) of Wrigley’s
Doublemint chewing gum for the
Smithsonian Folklife Festival.

Hirshhorn Museum and
Sculpture Garden

Donors of Financial Support

$100,000 or more

Howard and Roberta Ahmanson,
Fieldstead and Company
Robert Lehrman

$10,000 or more

Anonymous

Ansley I. Graham Trust
Greenberg Traurig
Lannan Foundation
Aaron and Barbara Levine

$1,000 or more

Anonymous

British Embassy

Samuel J. Heyman

Daniel R. Lewis

Dr. Marvin and Elayne Mordes
Anthony T. Podesta

Elliott and Vivian Pollock

Donors of In-Kind Support

Berlinnale (Berlin International Film
Festival)

Chrisrie’s, New York

Festivale dei Giovani, Turin, Italy

Festivale dei Popoli, Florence, Italy

Jerusalem International Film Festival,
Israel

Robert Lehrman

Rorterdam International Film Festival,
The Netherlands

San Sebastian/Donestia Film Festival,
Spain

Sotheby's, New York

Taormina Arte International Film
Festival, Italy

Morad and Pascale Tavallali

Donors to the Collection

The Rachel Bas-Cohain Estate, Rubber
Nickel Grid, 1973, ink printed on
latex, by Rachel Bas-Cohain (97.31).

The Rachel Bas-Cohain Estate, Rubber
Nickel Grid Distorted, 1973, ink
printed on latex, by Rachel Bas-
Cohain (97.32).

Bequest of Roger Brown through the
School of the Art Instirute of
Chicago, Cancer, 1984, oil on canvas,
by Roger Brown (98.8).

John Buck and Shark’s, Inc., Capetown,
1987, color woodcut on handmade
Suzuki paper, by John Buck (97.24).

Frank and Jeanette Eyerley, The Dead
Line, 1923, lithograph on paper, by
George Bellows (97.23).

Frank and Jeanette Eyerley, Sculpture in
Washington Square, 1925, etching on
paper, by John Sloan (97.26).

Mr. and Mrs. Allan Frumkin, Untitled,
1969, charcoal on paper, by Jean
Ipousteguy (97.37).

Mr. and Mrs. Allan Frumkin, Untitled,
1969, charcoal on paper, by Jean
Ipousteguy (97.38).

Mr. and Mrs. Allan Frumkin, Untitled,
1969, charcoal on paper, by Jean
Ipousteguy (97.39).

Museum Purchase with Funds Donated
by the Ansley I. Graham Trust, Un-
titled (Hyperion Series), 1964-65, oil on
canvas, by John Alroon (98.5).

Samuel M. Greenbaum, History, 1968-
77, oil on canvas, by Eugéne Leroy
(97.25).

Ronald A. Kuchta, Ezra—with Love II,
1991, gouache on paper, by Basil
Alkazzi (97.30).

Purchased through the Helen and
Joseph Lewis Fund of the Jewish
Community Federation of Cleveland,
Stepped Double Extended Pyramid,

1974, pen and ink on graph paper, by
Jackie Ferrara (98.6).

Purchased through the Jan R. and
Daniel R. Lewis Philanthropic Fund
of the Jewish Community Federation
of Cleveland, &P Pyramid, 1974, pen
and ink on graph paper, by Jackie
Ferrara (98.7).

Tom and Remi Messer, Untitled Abstrac-
ton, 1963, ink on paper, by Julius
Heinrich Bissier (97.43).

Tom and Remi Messer, Head, c. 1985,
grisaille wash on paper, by Arnulf
Rainer (97.44).

Anthony T. Podesta, J Love Liberty, 1982,
color serigraph on paper, by Roy
Lichtenstein (97.42).

Burton and Anita Reiner, Rainbow,
1983, oil on canvas, by Ross Bleckner
(97-4.

Dr. Jerry Sherman, Untitled (Figure in
Landscape), 1968, ink on paper, by
Mary Frank (97.36).

Dr. and Mrs. Bernard R. Shochet, For
Brass, 1973, acrylic on canvas, by Sam
Gilliam (97.34).

George and Lila Snow, Untitled, 1972,
wood, by Robert Stackhouse (97.35).

Vivian Florig Torrence, The Periodic
Table, 1991, photomechanical
reproductions and watercolor
mounted on paperboard, by Vivian
Torrence (97.40).

Mary Ann Unger, Symbiosis, 1989, ink
wash on paper, by Mary Ann Unger
(97.33)-

National Air and Space
Museum

Donors of Financial Support

$100,000 or more

The Boeing Company

Cessna Aircraft Company

Conrad Hilton Foundation

FDX Corporation

Honda North America, Inc.

Lockheed Martin Corporation

National Business Aviation Association
Trimble Navigation Lrd.

$50,000 or more

Seiko Epson Corporation
The Gertrude E. Skelly Foundation

$10,000 or more

Dean S. Edmonds Foundation
GE Aircraft Engines

Hughes Aircraft Company

Mr. Samuel C. Johnson

Estate of H. Sterling Kleiser
Mr. and Mrs. Philip A. Lathrap
Mr. and Mrs. John Mars

Mr. John Morss

National Transportation Safety Board
Orbital Sciences Corporation
Prate & Whitney

$5,000 or more

United Technologies Corporation
The Florence Gould Foundation

$1,000 or more

AXA Space

Mr. and Mrs. Alan Goldberg
Richard H. Graham

William D. & Betty Houser Fund
James A. Taylor Family Foundation
Tetsunkuni Watanabe

Raymond John Wean Foundation
Wright Machine Tool Company

$500 or more

W. E. Cooper

Harry and Marilyn Cagin Philanthropic
Fund

Helen J. McCray

Mr. and Mrs. Carl W. Vogr

Donors of In-Kind Support

American Airlines

Continental Airlines

Delta Airlines

Midwest Express Airlines
Southwest Airlines

Thomson Consumer Electronics
USA Direct

US Airways

National Museum of
African Art

Donors of Financial Support

$1,000 or more

Professor David C. Driskell
Joseph and Barbara Goldenberg
Mr. and Mrs. Milton Rosenthal
Doran Ross

Lucien Van de Velde

$500 or more

Donald Morris Gallery, Inc.

Thomas W. Lentz

Marquand Books, Inc.

Noah-Sadie Wachtel Foundation, Inc.
Susan J. Ryerson

Donors to the Collection

Oliver E. and Pamela F. Cobb. Mask
from the Grassfields peoples of
Cameroon, given in memory of
Philip Ravenhill (97-26-1).

Dennis Duerden. Three paintings by
Jimo Akolo: The Desired, The Middle
man, Religion as a time occupier? (98-5-1
to 98-5-3).

Mary Garland. Ethiopian Orthodox
icon, given in memory of Robert
Lewis Garland (98-2-1).

Marc and Denyse Ginzberg. Shield from
the Dinka peoples of Sudan (97-24-1).

Marc and Denyse Ginzberg. Shield of
the Manbila peoples of Nigeria and
Cameroon (97-24-2).

Ephrem Kouakou. Painting: Komien
bian, by Ephrem Kouakou (98-6-1).

Brian and Diane Leyden. Drum from
the Dan peoples of Céte d’Ivoire and
Liberia, given in memory of Philip
Ravenhill (97-27-1).

Brian and Diane Leyden. Painting:
Three Initiates, 1996, by Ephrem
Kouakou, given in memory of Philip
Ravenhill (97-27-2).

Lee Lorenz and William Wright. Paint-
ing: Untitled, 1996, by Garth Eras-
mus (97-23-1).

242

Lee Lorenz and William Wright. Series
of six paintings titled Mantis Praise,
1996, by Garth Erasmus (97-23-2 to
97-23-7).

Roy and Sophia Sieber. Mirror case from
the Igbo peoples of Nigeria (97-28-1).

Ciro Taddeo. Ethiopian Orthodox icon
(98-3-2).

Textile Arts Foundation, Robert Barton
and Nancy Hemenway. Textile from
the Kuba peoples of the Democratic
Republic of the Congo (97-25-1).

Estera Votaw. Helmet mask from the
Mende peoples of Sierre Leone, given
in memory of Albert Votaw (98-4-1).

Estera Votaw. Pendant from the Lobi
peoples of Burkina Faso, given in

memory of Richard Horovitz (98-4-2).

Winston Saoli Art Foundation. Two
paintings: Coming Home and Shroud of
Darkness, by Winston Saoli (98-7-1 to
98-7-2).

National Museum of
American Art

Donors of Financial Support

$100,000 or more

Ruth J. Chase in Memory of Dr. Wil-
liam Chase
James Renwick Alliance

$ 50,000 or more

Dr. and Mrs. Helen Bing
Consolidated Natural Gas Company
Fidelity Foundation

Horace W. Goldsmith Foundation

$ 10,000 or more

Anonymous

Bankers Trust Company
Mr. Marcus Cohn

Mr. David Davies

Mr. Barney Ebsworth
Embassy of Korea
ENCAD, Inc.

The Freed Foundation

The Gold Institute

Gulf States Paper

Mr. Ken Hakuta

Mr. Hugh Halff, Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. William Kerr

Mr. and Mrs. John F. Klein

Mr. and Mrs. Melvin Lenkin

Mr. and Mrs. John Liebes

Mr. and Mrs. Peter Lunder

Mrs. Nan Tucker McEvoy

Monsanto Company

The Morris and Gwendolyn Cafritz
Foundation

Novus Services, Inc.

Mr. Gerald Pearson

Mr. Samuel Rose and Ms. Julie Walters

Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Rosenfeld

Samsung Americas

Sara Roby Foundation

Mr. Richard Schwartz

Mr. and Mrs. Ferdinand T. Stent

Unico Banking Group

Windgate Charitable Foundation

Mrs. Estelle Wolf

$ 5,000 or more

Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Anderson
Ms. Jeanne Anderson
Anonymous

Mrs. Ann Cousins

Mr. Robert Krueger

Pitney Bowes

Mr. and Mrs. Harvey Rambach

$ 2,000 or more

Mr. and Mrs. Ronald Abramson

Mr. and Mrs. Arthur G. Altschul

The Barra Foundation

Dr. John Barrett

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Barwick

Ms. Fleur Bresler

Mr. and Mrs. Dale Dorn

Mr. and Mrs. Donald J. Douglass

Mr. and Mss. Daniel Fraad

Mr. and Mrs. Morton Funger

Ms. Barbara Guggenheim and
Mr. Bertram Fields

Hallmark Cards, Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. John Hechinger

Mr. and Mrs. Frederick Hill

Mr. and Mrs. John Horn

Mr. and Mrs. Raymond Horowitz

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Kogod

Mr. and Mrs. Jon Landau

Mr. Paul Mellon

Mr. and Mrs. Michael Mennello

Mr. and Mrs. John McGuigan

Mr. and Mrs. Arnold McKinnon

Mr. and Mrs. Charles Moore

National Foundation for the Advance-
ment in the Arts

Norfolk Southern Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Peters

Ms. Rita Pynoos

Mr. and Mrs. James Sams

Mr. and Mrs. Dominic EF Shortino

Mr. Ira Spanierman

Mr. Eli Wilner and Ms. Barbara Brennan

Donors of In-Kind Support

Anonymous. Design and printing of
3,000 Daniel Brush exhibition press
kiss.

Cartier. Paper and printing for Daniel
Brush reception invitations.

Continental-Anchor, Ltd. Paper and
printing for DC/AAF programs.

Ironstone Vineyards. 8 cases of CA wine
for the Gold Rush reception.

Kinko's. Paper and printing for mem-
bership program.

National Museum of
American History

Donors of Financial Support

$500,000 or more

Dr. Herbert R. Axelrod

The Lemelson Foundation

National Association of Music
Merchants

The Pew Charitable Trusts

Dr. Ivan Selin

$100,000 or more

The Brown Foundarion, Inc.

Hewlett Packard Company

Intel Corporation

John S. & James L. Knight Foundation
Merck Company Foundation

Monsanto Fund
Timex Corporation

$50,000 or more

American Academy of Allergy, Asthma
& Immunology

Choice Hotels International

Eugene & Agnes E. Meyer Foundation

Rockefeller Foundation

$10,000 or more

Abbott Laboratories Fund

Alyeska Pipeline Service Company

American Federation of Teachers

Applied Energy Services, Inc.

AT&T Foundation

Banco Popular de Puerto Rico

Mr. Peter Claussen

Mr. Lester Colbert

Computerworld Information Technology
Awards

Electric Power Research Institute

George M. Ferris Foundation

Ella Fitzgerald Charitable Foundation

Fleetwood Enterprises, Inc.

Government Development Bank for
Puerto Rico

Greening America

Hair Research Society

HBO & Company

Mr. Robert F. Hemphill, Jr.

Kmart Corporation

KOLBUS America Inc.

Levi Strauss & Company

Museo de Arte, San Juan, Puerto Rico

NAMSB Foundation, Inc.

National Education Association

National Postal Forum

National Retail Federation

El Nuevo Dia

Paine Webber Group Inc.

Prentice Hall Computer Publishing

The Rice Family Foundation

Edward Rice Gift Fund

Susan & Elihu Rose Foundation

Searle

Nina & Ivan Selin Family Foundation

Sequent Computer Systems, Inc.

Showtime The Movie Channel

Unite!

The Vantive Corporation

Zurich Kemper Investments

under $10,000

A&H Sportswear Company, Inc.
Mr. Carlos M. Ablanedo

Mr. Neale Ainsfield

All Peoples Synagogue
American Legion Auxiliary
Mr. Thomas A. Anastasio
Mr. Andrew S. Appel
Atlantic Apparel Contractors
Ms. Titian Austin

Ms. Dena Axelrod

Ms. Maria J. Baba

Mr. John F. Baker

Katharine G. Baker Trust
Mrs. Jean Banner

Wilson Barry & Company
Mr. Steven D. Bartz

Harry Bass Foundation

Mrs. Claire M. Bennett

Dr. Rose A. Bergeron

Mr. William P. Binder

Mrs. Gertrude Bloch

Ms. Carol Bogash

Ms. Dorothy J. Booth

Ms. Elfreda O. Bourne

Ms. Carole Bouthilet

Mr. Charles M. Bredehoft
Ms. Claire K. Brock

Mrs. Jane K. Brooks

Mrs. Joyce Brown

Ms. Maila T. Brown

Mrs. Elizabeth H. Brunsman
Ms. Mary Burnett

The Calvin Klein Foundation
Mr. James W. Cameron

Mr. Hugh J. Campbell

Mr. Bernard H. Cantor
Joseph L. Carley Foundation
Cembaloworks of Washington
Chasen Spero Foundation
Dr. Timothy W. Childs

Ms. Jay McLin Clayberg
Mrs. Harriet M. Clem

Mr. John L. Cline
Cline-Lofftus Foundation
Ms. Louisa C. Clinskcales
Coat & Suit Industry Trust Fund
Mr. Richard H. Cohen

Mrs. Mary L. Cole

Mr. C. Perry Colwell
Comerford Tooling & Access. Company
Ms. Virginia S. Comfort

Mx. Seth M. Corwin

Dr. Ronald M. Costell

=]
§

Council For Excellence In Government

Lieutenant Colonel Robert D. Crea

Dart Industries, Inc.

Mrs. Michele C. Degan

Ms. Laura Hardy Deglomine

Ms. Ruth E. DeLynn

Mr. James C. Dieffenderfer

Ms. Ann M. Dillon

Mr. John O. Doerge

Mr. James F. Doherty

Donnelly Display Inc.

Mrs. Lucinda N. Dudley

Ms. Patricia C. Duros

Elizabeth Crockett Chapter, Daughters
of the American Revolution

Mr. John F. Else

Mrs. Claudia M. Falk

Ms. Brigitte Fargetton

Mr. Arthur W. Farr

Federal National Mortgage Association

Ms. Madelyn J. Flammia

Fort Nashborough Chapter, Daughters
of the American Revolution

Mrs. Joan S. Fuchs

Mrs. Ann Gaylord

Mr. Jacob B. Gilstein

Ms. Naomi Glass

Global Communications Network

Miriam & Alan Goldberg Foundation

Ms. Renee Veron Golden

Goldman Sachs & Company

Mr. Edwin M. Good

The Gottesman Fund

Mr. Edward F. Gould

Ms. Geraldine B. Goumas

Ms. Lourdes Grabinski

Mr. William R. Granik

Mr. Roger B. Granum

Earl G. Graves Publishing Company

Mr. Paul L. Grimaldi

Ms. Melanie Grishman

Mr. James E. Hardy

Mr. Timothy B. Harwood

Ms. Karen M. Hassmer

Mr. Mones E. Hawley

Ms. Mildred Henninger

Louis J. Hoffman

Mr. Duncan Holaday

Mrs. Cynthia A. Hoover

Mr. Roland A. Hoover

Mr. David T. Hopper

Mr. Paul F Hudrlik

Mr. Nason Arthur Hurowitz

Ms. M. Jean Hurwitz

International Sourcing Inc.

244

Mrs. Caryn M. Israel

Mr. Howard Jaffe

Mr. David S. Jernigan

Mrs. Barbara A. Johnson

Ms. Margaret Johnson

Mr. Russell D. Johnson

Juan R. Requena & Associates

Mrs. Adele Cover Juzi

Mrs. Lynn L. Kahan

Mr. Nathan R. Kane

Ms. Carol A. Kare

Mrs. Page J. Karling

Mr. Tadeo L. Kasprzak

Mr. Richard J. Kaufman

Ms. Gale D. Kaufmann

Mr. John A. Kay

Ms. Helen A. Kelleher

Mrs. Judy Keller

Mrs. Mary E. Kephart

Ms. Bernie C. Kesslen

Ms. Elisabeth S. Kiersarsky

Herbert A. King

Ms. Lynne Myers Klimmer

Lucille Kuehn Trust

Ladies Auxilliary to the Veterans of
Foreign Wars of the United States

Mr. Edward L. Lammerding

Mrs. Helen Peters Landau

Leica, Inc.

Mrs. Sarah Lewis

Mrs. Vivienne W. Lindsay

Lipman Hearne, Inc.

Mr. Howard M. Lipsey

Mr. William W. Lipsice

Ms. Elizabeth S. Little

Mrs. Cleda J. Locey

Lockheed Martin Corporation

Mrs. Lucille Lortko

Lunacom, Inc.

Mrs. Dawn K. Lund

Mr. Thomas MacCracken

The Elizabeth M. MacInnes Family
Trust

Mr. John Thomas Mahoney

Ms. Irene L. Malbin

Malden Mills Industries

Mr. and Mrs. John M. Malone

Ms. Joanne W. Marlowe

Mr. and Mrs. Winton E. Matthews

Ms. Bernice I. Mayer

Ms. Nancy M. McCabe

Ms. Marjorie C. McCleery

Mrs. Susan S. McConnell

Mr. Paul H. McNear

Mrs. Gay Meals

Estate of Constance L. Mellen

Metzgar Conveyor Company

Mrs. Elizabeth R. Metzger

Drand Mrs. Eugene R. Mindell

Karla A. Moore

Mrs. Eadith B. Morales

J.P. Morgan & Company, Inc.

Morse Family Foundation

Ms. Bernice J. Mueller

Mz. George P. Mueller

Mrs. Anne W. Murray

National Society of Colonial Dames
XVII Century

National Society of the Children of the
American Revloution

Mrs. Helen Nelson

Neuberger & Berman

Ms. Jo-Ann Neuhaus

Mr. Joseph K. Newman

Mr. and Mrs. George D. Niva

Ms. L. Peat O'Neil

Ms. Shirley Perlman

Mr. Robert D. Pinsker

James Mr. James Pipkin

J.D. Plating Company, Inc.

Mr. Sidney J. Pollack

Mr. Peter G. Powers

Mr. Edward Prince

Puerto Rico Federal Affairs
Administration

Mrs. Eleanor Quandt

Radon Construction Corporation

Dr. Elizabeth R. Rahdert

Mr. Keith Scott Reas

Redondo Construction Corporation

Mrs. Patricia D. Reuther

Ms. Alice E. Robbins

Mrs. Jean Adams Robbins

Ms. Cynthia R. Roberts

The Honorable Thomas M. Roberts

Ms. Janice E. Rodgers

Rodrock Development

Rogich Communications Group

Maria Rose Fashions, Inc.

Mrs. Betty K. Ross

Mrs. Susan Rothlein

Rudvold Trucking

Rural Retreat Elementary School

Mr. Frank C. Ruzzin

San Francisco Foundation

Vashon Sarkisian

Ms. Joyce J. Schroeder

Ms. Eleanor L. Schwartz

Shandwick

Sigmund&Barbara Shapiro Family Fund

Mr. Sardari L. Sharma

Mrs. Ava M. Shields

Ms. K. Samantha Shugrue

Mr. Arthur T. Silver

Mrs. Linda Fuller Silver

Ms. Dorothy M. Sinclair

Constance Hoyt Smith Fund

Mr. Chad Matthew Smith

Ms. Deborah A. Smith

Smithsonian Women’s Committee

Mr. Richard C. Snelbaker

Mrs. Ellen R. Snyder

Society of the War of 1812

Ms. Marion L. Sonderegger

Mr. Vale H. Sorensen

Ms. Susan Spellman

Mrs. Colletta F. Sperling

Sportswear Industry Trust Fund

Stag’s Leap Wine Cellars

Ms. Helen J. Starling

Mr. Henry Steinway

Ms. Jean Williams Storch

Mr. Gary K. Sturm

Mrs. Nancy M. Sullivan

Dr. R. Gerald Suskind

Mrs. Catherine G. Sweeney

Ms. Jeanne J. Tabb

Mr. John A. Thompson

Mr. and Mrs. Len Tischler

Ms. Judith L. Tokel

Miss Laura Wolcott Triest

Mrs. Mary Louise Tweedy

Mr. Henry S.M. Uhl

Mr. Steven Umin

Mc. Paul Van Fossen

Vassallo Inc.

Mr. Egon Verheyen

Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United
States

Ms. Terese M. Volk

Mr. Raymond O. Von Saunder

Vulcan Iron Works, Inc.

Ms. Dorothy S. Wagner

Mr. Peter C. Warner

Warner-Lambert Company

The Washington Post Company

Mrs. Betty Greene Wegener

Louis Weinstein

Mr. James E. Wesner

Mc. Barry White

Mr. George A. Whitehouse

Ms. Yolande Whitmore

Mss. Frances P. Wilkinson

Ms. Maude Anderson Williams

Mrs. Wilma Bond Winkler

Wise Recycling, LLC

Ms. Marilyn M. Wolf

Mr. Douglas R. Wolters

Mr. S. Roy Woodall

The Woodland Genesis Elder Care
Network

Donors of In-Kind Support

Hewlett Packard. Computer equipment.

Rodrock Development. Recycling cans
for grass-roots fund-raising.

United Solar Systems. 8 solar shingles.

Wise Recycling, LLC. Recycling cans
for grass-roots fund-raising.

Donors to the Collections

David M. Abelow: M&M-Mars candy
box with the Presidential Seal, given
to volunteer workers at the White
House, 1998 (1998.0135).

Ita Aber: cloth Sabbath bread cover of
an American flag with a map of Is-
rael superimposed in beadwork and
glass stars (1997.0047).

Acuson Corporation (through Samuel
H. Maslak): Acuson 128 sonography

system, 1983, and a Sequoia 512 sonog-

raphy system, 1996, both used in
diagnostic ultrasound examinations
(1996.0332).

Rita J. Adrosko: pair of woman’s white
cotton gloves, 1965-70 (1997.3156).

Advanced Bionics Corporation (through

Jeffrey H. Greiner): 5-piece Clarion
Multi-System cochlear inner ear im-
plant hearing aid system (1997.0317).
Richard E. Ahlborn: 3 comic books
devoted to Catholic Bible lessons,

1960-61 (1997-0223); day book from a

general store in West Virginia, 1879-
80 (1997.3138); “Sacred Heart of
Jesus” calendar from Kerala, India,
1997 (1998.0082).

American Dentronics Incorporated
(through Melody A. and Ronald K.
Murayama): Cybersonic plaque disin-
cegrator system set including a hand-
le, toothbrush, flosser, charger, and a
box, patented by Dr. Murayama in
1997 (1997-0370).

Wally Amos: 2 shoes and a necktie

hand-painted with watermelon, palm

tree, and celestial motifs by Christine

Harris-Amos for her husband, Wally,
“Famous Amos” (1998.0152).

Alan Androuais: 2 adjustable monkey
wrenches with wood insert handles
(1997.0251).

Anonymous: 2 side chairs and a coffee
table of molded plywood designed by
Charles and Ray Eames in 1946 and
made by the Herman Miller Furni-
ture Company about 1947
(1998.0145); plastic bride-and-groom
wedding cake ornament, 1970-80
(19 98.3063).

Mary G.N. and Col. Whitney
Ashbridge: 40 pieces of U.S. military
uniform items, insignia, and equip-
ment (1992.3091).

Asian Pacific American Legal Center of
Southern California (through Julie A.
Su): 3 shirts, 2 pairs of shorts, and a
banner, all relating to the garment in-
dustry in southern California
(1997-0377).

Associated Builders, Incorporated
(through Michael Buck): “Georgia
Buggy” heavy-duty wheelbarrow
used to mix and deliver concrete and
haul away debris, and a shovel, both
made in the late 1940s and used
during renovations at the National
Museum of American History in the
1980s (1996.0073).

Charles Atlas, Ltd. (through Jeffrey C.
Hogue): 15 objects used by Charles
Atlas to demonstrate his personal
physical fitness and used in his busi-
ness to encourage other people to pur-
sue a healthy lifestyle (1998.0150); 2
cubic feet of documents,
photographs, booklets, news clip-
pings, and original text related to
Charles Atlas and his career as a body
builder and physical fitness en-
thusiast (1998.3038).

Reserve Bank of Australia (through J.
K. Colditz): Australian specimen $50
bank note made with polymer tech-
nology and special security features,
1995 (1996.0369).

David F. and Jane F. Babson: wedding
dress and veil made and worn by
Emma Rikert Babson in 1922, the
McCall’s dress pattern she used, 5
brooches, 5 photographs, and a tie
bar (1997-0211).

245

Gary P. and Sandra G. Baden: 2.5 cubic
feet of print advertisements featuring
celebrity endorsements, late 19th and
2oth centuries (1997.3144).

Teri Bailey in memory of Irwin George
Burgenhiem and Helen Burgenhiem
Foote Jenkins: 19 cameras collected
by Ms. Bailey’s grandfather, Mr. Bur-
genhiem, 1960-80s (1997.0321).

Frances S. Baker: 0.5 cubic foot of
product cookbooks, canning labels,
and newspaper clippings of recipes
(1997-3102).

Michael Baker Corporation, Michael
Baker, Jr., Inc. (through John Mc-
Naughton): 4 Kern tripods, 2 sets of
Kern traverse targets, 2 geodimeters,
a Kern theodolite, tellurometer, and
a Rhodes arc (1997.0290); (through J.
Robert White): surveyor's level
model Ni2 made by Carl Zeiss, ca.
1961 (1997.0289).

Baldwin Piano & Organ Company
(through Steven Brock): 13 cubic
feet of corporate records of the
Wurlitzer Piano Company, 1966-89
(1997-3154).

The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Com-
pany (through Lawrence W. Sagle):
0.6 cubic foot of archival material
relating to the Baltimore & Ohio
Railroad, 1850-80 (1997.3124).

Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Biotech
Group, Immunotherapy Division
(through Dr. Alan Hardwick):
prototype bone marrow stem cell
isolator designed by Dr. Hardwick,
1989 (1997.0076).

Bruce S. Bazelon: 76 letters, a telegram,
and an envelope, all related to the
U.S. Naval career of Grant W. Leedy
of Pencannon, Pennsylvania, 1943-45
(1992.0290); binder of War Produc-
tion Board Requirements, WW II
(1997.3169).

Jeannie E. Troll Becraft: Fuller's spiral
slide rule, 1898 (1998.0046).

Amy A. Begg: Franklin day planner, ca.
1993 (1996.0191).

Ruth W. Begun in memory of Dr. Semi
Joseph Begun: I5 objects reflecting
the career of Dr. Begun, a pioneer in
magnetic recording technology
(1995.0316); 8 objects of magnetic
recording technology (1995-3101).

246

Susan D. Beller and Myron J. Liberman
in memory of Esther and Gilbert
Liberman: rattan hamper with a can-
vas cover marked as belonging to Lt.
Col. George Armstrong Custer, 1870s
(1997-0358).

John A. Benaglia: Perkins Junior port-
able twin-arc lamp for photographic
location lighting, ca. 1920, and a set
of arc lamp carbons, ca. 1950
(1997.0188).

Jeanne Benas: toy with figures of Dole
and Clinton that fight when
squeezed (1997.0372).

Bradley F. and Virginia W. Bennett: 211
ancient Greek and Roman coins
(1997.0267); 83 ancient Greek coins
of Phrygia (1998.0093).

Alice B. Bent: U.S. flag with 39 stars ar-

ranged in a star-shaped pattern
(1997.0139).

Florence S. Berryman (through Jerrold
Scoutt, Jr.): sampler embroidered
with the statement “Susanna Ursula
Penelope Graur de la Bruyere
finished this Sampler August the 22
1794 in the Seventh Year of her Age”
(1996.0056).

Bethlehem Steel Corporation (through
Stephen G. Donches): safety sign
(1997.0225).

Urban R. Billmeier in memory of
Urban F. Billmeier: 10 goldbeater's

and goldcutter’s handtools and a War-

ren & Billmeier trademark printer's
block (1997.0298).
Binney & Smith Inc. (through Tracy

Muldoon Moran): 17.5 cubic feet of ar-

chival records documenting the
company’s business including such
products as Silly Putty, Crayola
crayons, Magic Marker, and various
paint, chalk, and craft accessories

(1998.3028); (through Patrick E. Mor-

ris III): 8 cubic feet of company
records of Binney & Smith, manufac-
turers of chalk, erasers, slate pencils,
Crayola brand crayons, art supplies,
and educational materials, 1895-1995
(1997.3164).

Bio-Rad Laboratories, Molecular Bio-
Science Group, Genetic Systems
Division (through John A.
Tagliamonte): Gene Pulser transfec-
tion electroporator apparatus,

capacitance extender, pulse control-
ler, and a cuvette holder with 15
cuvettes, 1986—95 (1998.0018).

William L. Bird: container of Johnson's
Baby Powder of WW II and a 1960s
tin of Yardley After Shower powder
(1997.0282).

David B. Board: brass Nik-O-Lok
restroom token (1998.0065).

Prof. John OM. Bockris: 2 cold fusion
electrolytic cells used by Prof. Bock-
ris in his laboratory at Texas A&M
University to produce tritium at the
electrodes (1994.0097).

Betty J. Coleman Bogardus: Boy Scout
Hike-O-Meter sponsored by the
radio program “Jack Armstrong, The
All-American Boy” and its instruc-
tion sheet, late 1930s (1998.0083).

Fredericka H. Bond: veteran's badge of
1861, copy of military orders, and a
State Department pass of 1908
(1997.3080).

Albert M. Borkin in memory of Morris
Borkin: blue pennant with white lec-
ters, “We are the Reserve Army, U.S.,
16 Men,” indicating that in 1915 the
U.S. Army Reserve consisted of 16
men, one of whom was Morris
Borkin (1997.0111).

Virgil E. Bottom, Ph.D.: 0.33 cubic foot
of archival material about the quartz
crystal industry (1997.3137).

Bowdoin College, Department of
Physics (through Prof. Elroy O. La-
Case): constant deviation wavelength
spectrometer and 4 accessories, all
made by Adam Hilger, 1913-26
(1998.0007).

Thomas W. Bower: 7 bottles of man’s
perfume, 1968-83 (1997.0201).

Helen King Boyer: 6 engraved plates
and 3 prints made by Ms. Boyer
(1997-0155).

Elaine D. Bronez: 2 leaftets related to
civil rights issues (1997-0303).

Julia Yates Brunet, Georgia Yates
Stevens, Janet Yates Wermel, and
JoAnn Yates in memory of George L.
and Marian McNiece Yates: 2 artifi-
cial hands and 14 tools and acces-
sories used with the hands, all used
by George L. Yates who lost his
hands in a cannon misfire at college
in 1933 (1996.0010).

Barbara Gates Burwell and Deborah
Gates Senft in memory of Dorothy
Olcott Elsmith: 8 pieces of miscel-
laneous photographic apparatus,

4 sull cameras, and a motion
picture camera and projector
(1992.0384).

Richard S. Buswell, M.D.: silver-gelatin
photograph of an “Icehouse” on a
pond with reflection, photographed
by Dr. Buswell in 1983 (1997-0406).

Andrew Butler: 3 plumb bobs with
human figure motifs, 2 level rails for
SmartLevels, and 2 sensor module
prototypes for WedgeLevels
(1996.0285); 6.5 cubic feet of archival
records relating to the SmartLevel
and Wedge Innovations, Inc.
(1996.3067).

State of California, Department of In-
dustrial Relations, Division of Labor
Standards Enforcement (through Jose
Millan): 43 objects from the El
Monte garment sweatshop including
2 sewing machine workstations,
clothing in various stages of manufac-
ture, supplies, and documentation,
all seized on August 2, 1995
(1996.0292); baseball cap with “Labor
Commissioner” emblem (1997.0383);
“Labor Commissioner” badge, iden-
tification card, and a Spanish booklet
about worker's rights (1997.3113).

Rose M. and Richard M. Cernak: silk
handkerchief printed “For the Flag
and You,” WW I (1998.0028).

Robert G. Chamberlain: ashtray milled
in 1955, aluminum block with the ini-
tials “IBM,” and a set of 3
icosahedron dice, all milled by Mr.
Chamberlain with numerical control
machinery technology (1995.0022).

Rick Chandler: Timex electric
wristwatch, 1950s, and a mercury
quartz wristwatch, 1970s (1998.0009).

Mary Chaney: 8 original courtroom
sketches by Ms. Chaney depicting
the El Monte sweatshop trial, done
for KITV Fox News in Los Angeles,
California, 1995-96 (1997.0345)-

Chicago Bulls (through Stephen M.
Schanwald): basketball used during
the 1996 NBA finals series and a jer-
sey worn by Michael Jordan during
the 1996-97 season (1997.0364).

University of Chicago, Ryerson Physical
Laboratory: 21 electrical meters and
measuring instruments (1995-0230).

Curt I. Civin, M.D.: Adams cell
counter used by Dr. Civin in his can-
cer research (1998.0062).

Cochlear Corporation (through Douglas
W. House): 4-piece C124M cochlear
inner ear implant hearing aid system
(1997.0206).

Cinthea T. Coleman: 26 videotape cas-
settes of “The Bluestime Power
Hour” television programs and 23
videotape cassettes of the original
field recordings, all created and
produced by Ms. Coleman
(1998.3065).

Colt’s Manufacturing Company, Inc.
(through Ronald L. Stewart): M4 car-
bine machine gun with M203
grenade launcher attached
(1998.0128).

David F. and Harriett M. Condon:
arrow gun patented by William H.
Arnold in 1859 and manufactured as
an experimental piece at the Harper's
Ferry Arsenal in 1860 (1997.0281).

Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Inc.
(through Gerard M. Federici): 9 bot-
tles of pharmaceuticals (1997.0189).

Reseda Corrigan: envelope of literature
related to the Apostoloff automatic
telephone system (1997.0048).

George A. and Lily K. Coury: 12-
stringed oud with cloth carrying
case (1998.0015).

Karen D. Cramond and Brad W. and
Judy L. Harris: precision regulator
wall clock made by Eli Terry late in
his life after he retired from clock
manufacturing, ca. 1850 (1997.0323).

Marlene Crosby: 4 cubic feet of
documentation of a study done by
Ms. Crosby on the long-term health
of WW II women factory workers
(1997-3136).

Dr. John C. Cutler: box of Mapharsen, a
drug containing arsenic used to treat
syphilis developed by Dr. Cliff S.
Hamilton (1997.0287).

Thomas J. Damigella: 2 Ultra 21 Tup-
perware covered serving dishes and a
set of orchid-colored polyethylene
pellets used by Tupperware in the
1970s (1998.0070); 6 Tupperware con-

tainers and an award medal, plaque,
and a pin given to successful Tupper-
ware dealers, 1970s—96 (1998.0220).

Kenneth L. Darby: 9 documents and 8
drawings relating to the Darby wind-
surfing boards, 1964-65 (1997-3173).

Naomi Darby: 0.5 cubic foot of archival
material consisting of 80
photographs, 1961-97, and an 8mm
film, 1965, relating to the invention
of the sailboard by S. Newman
Darby (1998.3015).

S. Newman Darby: 2 cubic feet of ar-
chival material documenting the in-
vention of the sailboard by Mr.
Darby, 1946—80s (1998.3014).

Jeanne V. Davis: 8 pieces of woman's
clothing including 4 dresses, a com-
bination, petticoat, blouse, and a
skirt, 1905-25 (1998.01I5).

Ruth H. Davis: hand-held refracting
telescope marked “G. Bracher, Lon-
don, for E. A. Kutz, New York,” ca.
1850 (1998.0088).

The Deep River Historical Society, Inc.
(through Edith M. DeForest): 2
copies of newspaper articles con-
cerned with Pratt, Read Company
and an employee time book from the
company’s West Factory, 1887-1900
(1998.0377).

Michelle Delaney: Image Tech 3-dimen-
sional Magic single-use camera
(1997.0229).

Delphi Delco Electronic Systems
(through Gilbert W. Porter): Radio
Data System demonstration receiver
with accessories (998.0073).

Franco DeNicola: Euclid computer con-
sisting of a core storage system, con-
trol panel, and a power supply, 1957
(1997-0369); 3 reports, a label, and a
set of spare connectors for the Euclid
computer (1997.3171).

Susan A. Dennis: 30 garment labels
from various clothing manufacturers
and made in various countries
(1997.3150).

Thomas E. Dermody: Speedy Touch
Typer Keyboard Guide invented and
patented by Mr. Dermody, 1989
(1998.0101).

Evelyn DeStafano: Mrs. Vrooman’s
patented iron sink strainer, dated
1895 and 1909 (1998.3066).

247

The Dial Corporation (through Jane E.
Owens): 30 cubic feet of advertising
art, including women’s portraits, and
3 cubic feet of archival material
documenting the “Breck Girl”
advertising campaign, 1936—95
(1998.3067).

Freda Diamond: 1.5 cubic feet of ar-
chival material documenting Ms.
Diamond's career as a designer of
glass products for the Libby Glass
Company and a furniture design con-
sultant, 1930-90 (1997.3143).

Paul Timothy Diaz: 3 posters advertis-
ing Mr. Diaz's AIDS awareness dance
performances, 1996-97 (1997.3118).

Discover Financial Services Card
(through Benedicta Lawrence): 25 ob-
jects including posters, playbills, cos-
tume items, props, and documents
from 11 Broadway shows, ca. 1996
(1998.0048).

Rosemary W. Dodd: 6 phonograph
recordings of radio interviews with
Ed Dodd, creator of the “Mark Trail”
comic strip (1992.3045).

Mark Doerrier: ticket to the Holyfield-
Tyson Rematch boxing champion-
ship held in Las Vegas, Nevada, on
June 28, 1997 (1998.0042).

Cherolyn Rein Dunn and Rose Rein:
green Kodak Petite camera with
matching case, 1929-33, and a Kodak
Jiffy camera, 1933-37 (1996.0280).

Jacqueline Orsini Dunnington, Ph.D.:
painted pine panel of St. James the
Greater defeating an enemy, made by
Nicholas Herrera of El Rito, New
Mexico, 1996 (1997.0343).

Eastman Chemical Company (through
Larry Smith): 2 work incentive
posters, “The Eastman Way” and
“Quality Policy,” 1992 (1995.0293).

M. Alexandra Eddy: Roland PC-100
MIDI electronic keyboard controller
(1998.0039).

Carolyn H. Edwards (through Daniel S.
Hall and Robert N. Haskell): 2
vibrators, 2 hearing aids, and a Spen-
cer microscope (296611).

Elsa J. and Robert A. Edwards: book-
mark advertising the Acco paper
punch and paper clamp made by the
American Clip Company of Long Is-
land City, New York (1998.0110).

248

Nanci K. Edwards: postcard depicting a
woman and a pump on a low teeter-
totter (1993.0461).

Albert S. Eggerton, Jr.: 4 pocket weekly
planners, 1984-87, 2 appointment
calendars, 1963-64, and a GI
wristwatch, 1945 (1997.0324).

Jon Eklund: 10 Mohr pipettes, 8 trans-
fer pipettes, 2 measuring pipettes, 2
rubber filters, and a stand
(1998.0020).

Elekta Instruments, Inc. (through Stan-
ford W. Miller): “Gamma Knife” col-
limator helmet used to target
cancerous brain tumors in radiation
therapy, 1968 (1997.0134).

E.L.F. Publications (through Judith D.
Lane and Ronald R. Quam): oak-
framed stained glass sun-catcher with
a mortar-and-pestle design, 1996
(1997.3019).

Charles Ellis Ellicore III, M.D.:
surveyor's spirit level made by
Benjamin Rittenhouse, ca. 1785
(1997-0353).

Enable Magazine, Inc., American As-
sociation of People with Disabilities
(through Sandy Watson): premiere
issue of Enable Magazine, 1997
(1997.0334)-

Epicenter Communications (through
Peter Goggin): 2 copies of the
presidential inaugural commemora-
tive book An American Journey, Build-
ing a Bridge to the 2nt Century, 1997
(1997.0307).

Joanna L. Estep: 16 pieces of sample
fabrics, WW II (1997.0009).

Virginia H. Ezell in memory of Dr. Ed-
ward C. Ezell: 5 automatic assault-
type rifles and a submachine gun
made in Europe and Indo-China
during the Cold War and immediate
post—Cold War period (1996.0205).

Sharon L. Faina in memory of H.E. Bur-
ton: tenor banjo made by the Vega In-
strument Company of Boston,
1962-64 (1998.0074).

Mary Jane and Nathan Fay: 2 grape-
picking knives and a budding knife
used in grafting grape plants, all
used by Mr. Fay as a grape farmer in
California (1997.0304); bottle of
Cabernet Sauvignon wine from Mr.
Fay’s private reserve, 1974 (1997.3129).

Rick Feffer: polycarbonate SmartLevel,
transparent sensor module, and a tote
bag (1996.0289).

Ruth and Theodore Feinstone, D.D.S.:
22 documents, photographs, and
blueprints relating to the Feinstone's
purchase of a house in Levittown,
New York, 1946-72 (1998.0113).

John T. Fesperman, Jr.: 4 bowls of as-
sorted glazes and a lamp base-vase
and covered tureen of tobacco spit
glaze, all made by Ben Owen of
North Carolina, mid-2oth century
(1996.0347); Selmer sterling silver
flute, ca. 1946 (1997.0261).

Bernard F. Fetter, M.D.: Eveready 4¥2-
volt dry cell battery, ca. 1932
(1997.3007); cornet made by J.W.
York & Sons of Grand Rapids,
Michigan, ca. 1903, played by Dr.
Fetter’s father when a member of the
Curbstone Band in Baltimore,
Maryland, ca. 1910 (1998.0131).

Mary B. Field in memory of the Field
Family: cotton and wool overshot
coverlet (1997.0226).

James R. Fisher: Nishika model N8000
3-dimensional camera and a flash
unit (1998.0022).

Larry Fishman and Ken Parker: Parker
Fly concert model electric guitar
(1997.0299).

John A. Fleckner: badge #12475 and a
finisher’s certificate from Mr.
Fleckner's participation in the
Marine Corps Marathon of 1997
(1998.0109).

Shelly J. Foote: woman's clothing in-
cluding 2 dresses, 2 T-shirts, a sweat-
shirt, blouse, jumpsuit, shorts outfit,
skirt, pair of leg warmers, and a pair
of boots, and 2 pairs of child’s
sunglasses, 1965-97 (1997.0395).

Thomas S. Foust: Washington Steel Cor-
poration annual report for 1955
(1998.0171).

Beatrice and Jacques Francais: violin
bearing the maker's label of John
Simpson of London, England, ca.
1790 (1998.0210).

Joseph V. Frey: prototype dispenser,
preproduction model, final product,
packaged product, and a tool-and-die
model, all for the Grab-Ir hair end-
paper wrap dispenser used by profes-

sional beauticians, invented and
manufactured by Mr. Frey, 1980-96
(1996.0380).

Elmer G. Fridrich: 832 experimental
lamps and lamp parts developed by
Mr. Fridrich at General Electric's
NELA Park facility after WW II
(1996.0147); 345 experimental lamps
and lamp parts developed by
Mr. Fridrich (1996.3042).

Kraig M. Fulton: 2 uniform shirts from
the Sioux City Ghosts barnstorming
softball team (1997.0022).

Fusion Lighting, Inc. (through Michael
G. Ury): 6 microwave-powered light
bulbs, 2 electromagnetic interference
shields, a microwave cavity, and an op-
tical reflective film sample, all parts
used with the first sulfur light bulb,
1990 (1996.0359); microwave-powered
light bulb and a set of optical reflective
film samples (1996.3075).

Maxwell J. Gainer: Tinkerpins game
patented in 1916 and a Bob-A-Loop
toy copyrighted in 1958 (1997.0359).

Edward A. Gallagher: Synchronome
electric wall clock used at the
Western Union stration in Miami,
Florida, ca. 1921 (1996.0165); 2
engineer's reports, 1875 and 1880,
regarding submarine telegraph cable
laying (1996.3048).

Gateway Coin Club of Merced County
(through Theresa M. Lund): 3 bronze
medals commemorating places and
events in Merced County, California,
1996-98 (1998.0195).

Geonix Corporation (through Karen M.
Mortham): Auto-Surveyor I] inertial
survey system made by Litton
Guidance & Control Systems, used to
mark boundaries in Alaska, ca. 1975
(1997.0284).

H. Joseph Gerber: Gerber variable *
scale, 1940s (1994.3104).

Daniel B. Gilbreth: 6 glass plate nega-
tives of Maj. Frank B. Gilbreth in
uniform, WW I (1998.0097).

Jeff Gillies: Will C. Rood’s “Dress
Maker's Magic Scale” drafting tool,
1879-92, and Curran’s skirt and
bodice drafting system, ca. 1901
(1997-0247).

Dorothy T. Globus: black enameled
light bulb with an orange dot made

by the DomSave Electric Corporation
of Toledo, Ohio (1997.3108).

Felicia F. Gomes: lace flounce that was
originally on the dress worn by
Lucretia R. Garfield at the inaugural
ball of her husband, President James
A. Garfield, 1881 (1997.0292).

Martha Goodway: daguerreotype union
case made by Littlefield, Parsons &
Company, ca. 1857 (1997.0230).

John Gorby: “Decision Making Dart
Board” adapted by Mr. Gorby for his
workstation at Delphi Interior's
Grand Rapids, Michigan, plant
(1996 .0322).

Glen Grazier: portable reed organ made
by the Estey Organ Company of
Brattleboro, Vermont, 1935-40
(1998.0031).

Dr. Mary Eloise Green: 2 toy banks, a
toy rifle, toy sword, and a set of
Dolly Dumpling tenpins, all used by
Dr. Green and her brother, Earle M.
Green, when children, 1905-10
(1997.0277).

Dianne B. Gregg: portrait bust glass
paperweight of Michael J. Owens,
inventor of the Owens bottle
machine, 1923, and an opaque orange
glass vase encased within a metal
basket commemorating the 150th
anniversary of U.S. independence,
made in Germany, ca. 1926
(1997.0220).

Becky and John W. Grigsby: star-
design crazy-patch quilt with
elaborately embroidered 3-dimen-
sional plant and animal motifs, made
by Lydia Pearl Finneill Allin of Har-
rodsburg, Kentucky, 1884 (1996.0381).

Roy Gussow: 3 screw clamps used
during welding and a triangular
plate of stainless steel with test weld-
ing and test polishing, all used by
Mr. Gussow when helping artist Jose
de Rivera create his sculpture, I7-

finity, 1966 (1997-3057).

Clara S. Haas (through George C. Haas,
Jr.): Chippendale-style mahogany
card table with a fold-over top, pos-
sibly made in Salem, Massachusetts,
a. 1775 (1998.0072).

Clifford Hamilton: 63 buttons related
to the American Agricultural Move-
ment (1993.0188).

Elaine Harmon: black crepe dress with
a decorative design patented by
Daniel Novick of Chicago in 1941
(1998.0116).

Caroline A. and Kerry J. Hatfield: quilt
with 158 pieces of insignia sewn on in
woven blocks, made by Frances H.
Warren reflecting her WW II
military career, 8 ribbons awarded to
the quilt, 3 military ribbon bars, and
2 medals (1997.0210).

Roland C. Hawes: 20 cubic feet of ar-
chival material of Mr. Hawes's career at
Cary Instruments as vice president and
designer of many of their most success-
ful scientific instruments, especially
spectrophorometers (1997.3139).

Senator Howell Heflin: coach Paul W.
“Bear” Bryant's 315th-win football
(1997-0337).

Richard C. Helmstetter: 2-piece cues-
tick titled “Chantilly” custom-made
by Richard Black of rock maple
wood inlaid with various woods and
ivory, 1996-97, and a cue case
(1998.0163).

Paul E. Herda: Osborne Executive I
portable microcomputer (1997.0026).

Lawrence I. Hewes III and Mary D.
Hewes: feathered and beaded Native
American headdress presented to
Adlai E. Stevenson, Jr., and an
autographed photograph of him wear-
ing the headdress, 1950s (1997.0397).

The House of Ra Ka Ba in memory of
Jean Dora Alice Johnson and Lillian
Morris (through Minister Ra Ka Ba
and Minister Abdus Saabor Muham-
mad): Million Man March com-
memorative silver ring designed by
Minister Ra Ka Ba, dated October
16, 1995 (1998.0134).

Houston Museum of Natural Science
(through Lisa I. Rebori): sleeping
bag used on the 1969 voyage of the
SS Manhattan through the Northwest
Passage (1997.0333).

Ellen Roney Hughes: woman's athletic
suit consisting of a sleeveless wool
jersey, pair of bloomers, and a pair of
stockings, ca. 1917 (I997.0400).

Henry C. Huglin: tapered stoneware
vase with luster glaze made by
Beatrice Wood of Ojai, California, ca.
1990 (1997.0402).

249

Steven E. Huntley: oval wooden cutting
board with a red-stenciled slogan on
one side, “Vote For Hoover and Your
Board Will Never Lack a Loaf,” ca.
1928 (1997.0262).

William G. Hutt: 2 pairs of eyeglasses
with double-bifocal lenses that allow
vision in confined spaces with mini-
mal head movement, worn by Mr.
Hutt as an electronics technician,
1970s—80s (1997-0169).

Forrest Hyde: optometer made by the Self-
Test Optical Company in Chicago,
1928, used in the mountains of north-
em Georgia by Mr. Hyde’s grand-
parents into the 1930s (1996.0083).

INTEL Corporation (through Rachel
Stewart): irridescent gold metallic
“Bunny People” suit used to adver-
tise the fun being manufactured into
INTEL’ microprocessors, 1997
(1997-0275).

Marta Jean Ishmael: reading ratometer
used to improve reading skills
(1997.0222).

M. Lois Jackim: Panasonic Executive
Partner FT-70 portable microcom-
puter (1997.0125).

Richard N. Jarmon: Rockwell battery-
powered drill and a Rockwell electric
drill made to commemorate the U.S.
bicentennial (1997.0072).

Grace Jeffers: 97 pieces of Formica Cor-
poration product samples, color
samples, and promotional material,
1950-95 (1997.0319); 34 Formica Cor-
poration promotional items
(1997.3133); 7 videotape cassettes
about Formica (1998.3032).

John Paul Mitchell Systems (through
John Paul DeJoria): 200 photographs
by Lisa Law documenting counter-
culture life in America, 1965-75
(1998.0139).

Sarah Johnson: Minut-Bun cooker-
toaster and a display box for Chiclets
gum (1997.0102).

Donald L. Kear: Navy Department
manual for inspecting materials, 1946
(1996.0019).

Gary Keck: 2 ceramic plates, one made
for the Curtiss Flying Service Cor-
poration and the other made for
“Sloppy Joe's, Habana, Cuba,” 1912—
50 (1997.0297).

250

Catherine M. Keen: 6 coins of the
Czech Republic, 1993-97 (1998.0194).

Emory L. Kemp: 17 photographic
lantern slides (1997.3142).

Ketchum Advertising (through Dianne
Snedaker): 8 Safeway Food Store
posters with slogans “I Work An
Honest Day, I Want An Honest
Deal” (1987.3101).

Claudia Brush Kidwell: woman's blouse
designed by Issey Miyake, 1994
(1998.0037); 3 man’s shirts, 1970-75,
man’s slippers with travel case, 1930—
60, and a woman's Christmas sweat-
shirt, 1990-95 (1998.0057).

Kiehl's Inc. (through Jami Morse von
Heidegger): 231 Chinese medicines
and medical devices (1989.0196).

T.A. Kiersch, M.D.: Pawson &
Brailsford's “Improved Patent Magneto-
Electric Machine for Nervous Diseases”
with its artachments, made in Shef-
field, England, 1878-85 (195.0288).

King Research Inc. (through Bernard
R. King): 6 collecting jars and 4 con-
tainers of Barbicide for the jars, used
to disinfect hair styling combs and
scissors (1997.0195).

Jean Callen King: 5 silver-gelatin glass
plate negatives of production and dis-
play of ceramic items, 1890-94
(1997.3141).

Kirshenbaum Bond & Partners
(through Scott Lahde): mock ballot
for the 1996 presidential election
used to educate children about
voting (1997.0338).

Manny Kladitis: red satin dress with
fringe, sequins, and beading worn by
Carol Channing in the musical Hello
Dolly!, 1994 (1997-0232).

Calvin Klein, Inc. (through Robert
Triefus): 3 woman's dresses and 2
pants suits, all designed by Calvin
Klein, 1994-96 (1997.0135).

Jeffrey Kliman: 60 photographic con-
tact sheets documenting the District
Curators Jazz Arts Festivals from
1993 to 1997 (1997-3175);
photographic contact sheet
documenting the District Curators
Jazz Arts Festival in 1996 (1998.3061).

Robert C. Knievel, a.k.a. Evel Knievel:
leather jumpsuit, cape, and pair
of boots worn in the 1970s by

Mr. Knievel during motorcycle
daredevil performances and a helmet
worn in the 1990s for talks about his
career (1995.0032).

Max Kobre (through Sherrill L. Hykin
and Robin E. Schmidt): 49 pieces of
art glass by various American and
European manufacturers, 2 art glass
dresser jar sets, a cameo glass table
lamp, and a miniature silver sewing
kit (1995.0350).

Eva Koubek: an evening bag of gold
mesh set with diamonds, 1960-65,
and 8 pieces of woman's jewelry of
gold and gemstones including 2 fami-
ly pieces brought out of Czechos-
lovakia at the end of WW II,
1895-1930, 5 pieces given to Mrs.
Koubek by her husband, 1950-69,
and a gold box chain, 1970-85
(1997-0405).

James J. Koval: “Al’s Original

American Basswood Dartboard” and
5 darts with turkey feathers, 1997
(1998.0106).

Joseph I. Krene: 46 pieces of

photographic equipment (1993.0037).

Krispy Kreme Doughnut Corporation
(through Joseph A. McAleer, Jr.):
Bradley washfountain, Ring King
Junior doughnut-making machine,
and small tools including 3 rolling
pins, a doughnut cutter, and tongs
for lifting doughnuts from the Ring
King (1997.0179); 5 employee pins, 3
aprons, 2 shoulder patches, 2 caps, 2
coffee mugs, a smock, plaque, and a
set of 20 doughnut flavor labels
(1997.0185).

Aveline and Michio Kushi: 19 cubic feet
of archival records documenting the
macrobiotic diet lifestyle and the
central role played by Mr. and Mrs.
Kushi in its development, 1960s—90s
(1997.3165).

Richard P. Laauser: Liberty Twin Caille
outboard motor, 1924-28 (1997.0263).

LaBelle Heritage Museum, Inc.
(through Thomas R. Sargent): model
II rotary steam engine designed,
patented, and drawn by Edward C.
Warren and J.H.A. Warren, 1928-29
(1997-0249).

LaGuardia Community College, La-
Guardia and Wagner Archives, The

City University of New York
(through Richard K. Lieberman): 1
cubic foot of business records of the
Sohmer Piano Company, 1934-46
(197.3140).

David L. Larson: etching, The Veterans,
by Bernhard Uhle, 19th century
(1997-0239).

Lisa Law: 6 photographs of Lisa Law
and her family, 1968-86, a photo-
graph by Ms. Law of Bob Dylan,
1965, and 2 photograph by Ms. Law
of her husband setting up a tepee at
Woodstock, 1969 (1998.0138).

Norman J. Lawrence: Lawrence of Lon-
don water-repellent silk raincoat
designed by Mr. Lawrence, 1952
(1997.0248).

Col. George E. Lear, USA (Ret.): tenor
saxophone made by Evette & Shaef-
fer/Buffet-Crampon & Cie of Paris,
France, 1920s (1997.0404).

John A. Lee: 8 pieces of winemaking
equipment used by an Italian-
American household in New Jersey
and Pennsylvania, 1902-64
(1997-0154).

Beth K. Lehman: quality campaign
paperweight and an oil-drops timer
given to employees upon completion
of a successful and difficult project
(1996.0099).

Lt. Col. Benjamin R. Lemlich, USA
(Ret.): United States Army Retired
flag, 1994 (1997-0110).

Levi Strauss & Company Archives
(through Lynn Downey): pair of Levi
501 blue jeans (1997.3115).

Peter Liebhold: work incentive poster
titled “Teamwork” (1995.0344).

Camilla C. Lindsay, Diana Crosby
Lindsay, Eric Lindsay, and Kelly G.
Lindsay: handmade erasable
whiteboard calendar with pens, used
by the Lindsay family to keep track
of their daily activities, record phone
numbers, and to leave messages for
each other (1998.0010).

Dr. Don M. Lipkin: General Electric
ribbon-filament microscope il-
luminating lamp, ca. 1950
(1997-0221).

Mark D. Livaditis, O.D.: 7-piece
Bausch & Lomb soft contact lens
compliance pack (1997.0191).

Andrew J. Livick: arc lamp, motion pic-
ture camera, and a Jenkins 35mm
Home Phantoscope projector
(1994.0173).

Mr. and Mrs. Newton L. Lockwood: col-
lection of wood removed from the
Hopkins & Alfred clock factory
building in Harwinton, Connecticur,
built ca. 1830 (1998.3043).

Carolyn Long: 3 model military vehicles
made in Haiti of recycled materials
and painted in olive drab camouflage
colors, made for sale on the streets
starting during U.S. military inter-
vention in 1994 (1996.0145).

J. Richard Ludgin, M.D., Esq-:

unopened tin of Optus powdered
brown mustard (1993.0353).

Capt. Leonard R. and Sheila S. Mann in
memory of Nathan Harris: uniform
jacket, shirt, trousers, belt, hat, iden-
tification tags, and 12 pieces of insig-
nia used by PFC Nathan Harris
during his U.S. Army service in the
Pacific during WW II (1997.0344).

Prof. Jonathan Marks: American
Eugenics Society's Fitter Families
Contest award medal (1997.0357).

William R. Marks: pamphlet of writ-
ings by Jane Addams about factory
workers, 1920s (1997.0312).

Cornelia Lee Marr: miniature hydraulic
jack made according to Richard
Dudgeon’s patent of 1851
(1997.0365).

William Marvy Company, Inc. (through
Robert Marvy): barber pole model
#55, the 75,000th pole made by the
Marvy Company since 1950, and a
bench-mounted barber pole with an
insert stating “Hair Stylist,” 1997
(1998.0036).

Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Department of Mechanical Engineer-
ing (through Prof. Ioannis V. Yannas,
Ph.D.): sample of Integra membrane
artificial skin developed at MIT by
Dr. Yannas and coworkers in 1981 and
FDA-approved in 1996 (1997-0167).

Nathaniel Mathis: 3 apron-vests
designed and used by Mr. Mathis in
his barbershop, 1960s—70s, and 2
trophies won by Mr. Mathis for
hairstyling achievements in 1981
(1998.0114); 5 cubic feet of

photographs, patent papers, cor-
respondence, awards, and other busi-
ness materials documenting Mr.
Mathis’s career as a barber-stylist in
Washington, D.C. (1998.3031).

Charlotte A. McCane: dagger with scab-
bard, flask, and a pipe/knife used by
Lt. Beverly H. Perea during his ser-
vice in the U.S. Army, 1871-1902, in-
cluding the Bartle of San Juan Hill
in July 1898 (1997.0122).

John McConnell: original design of the
Earth flag, 1969, Earth flag of the
1980s, Earth Day button of 1970, and
an “Earth People Proclamation,” all
designed or written by Mr. Mc-
Connell, the founder of Earth Day
(1997.0355).

Jean P. McCormick: 30 pieces of U.S.
Army insignia, uniform items, and
accessories, 3 British flags, and a 48-
star U.S. flag, all used by Edward J.
McCormick, 1941-50 (1986.3015).

Gretchen H. McKinley and Jawn Mc-
Kinley Neville: 15 instruments and
accessories making up a Ludwig jazz
drumset, 2 bandstands, and a khaki
army uniform shirt, all used by
drummer, singer, and bandleader
Ray McKinley (1998.0075); 19.5
cubic feet of archival material and an
oversized birthday card, all
documenting the career of
bandleader Ray McKinley
(1998.3020).

The George Meany Memorial Archives
(through Lynda DeLoach):
photograph of astronaut Buzz Aldrin
on the Moon (1997.0314).

Donald F. Mela: Midget circular cal-
culating rule with instructions, 1936,
and a Pickett linear calculating rule,
1962 (1998.0119).

Stephanie D. Mendenhall: carved
wooden and mother-of-pearl inlaid
chair made in Damascus, Syria, about
1913 and used in America by an
emigrant family (1997-0101).

Merrimack Valley Textile Museum
(through James C. Hippen): picture
and sound reproducing apparatus in-
vented by William H. Baker,
patented in 1906 (1994-0174).

Linda B. Miller: 4 posters with feminist
slogans (1998.0143).

Mrs. Vincente Minnelli: fountain set
model designed by Preston Ames,
Vincente Minnelli, and Irene Sharaff
and built by Henry Greutert in 1950
for the MGM film Az American in
Paris (1997.0231).

Mosby Great Performance (through Lyn-
nda Sorensen): 4 work incentive
posters (1996.0064).

Mount Kisco Public Library (through
Jeanine Meyer and Phillip D. Sum-
mers): 4 color lithographs, 3 letters, a
bust of Shakespeare, and a set of
Madonna cards, all originally part of
the Benjamin B. Comegys Library in
Philadelphia (1997.0326).

Mrs. John H. Murray: Woodward &
Lothrop hat box, 1980-89
(1997-0200).

Susan H. Myers: ceramic bread plate
made by Edward Bennett's pottery in
Baltimore, Maryland (1997.0270).

Dr. Thomas J. Naff for the Farris and
Yamma Naff Family Arab American
Collection: 20 cubic feet of
photographs and published materials
documenting the history of the Arab
American community collected and
created by Dr. Alixa Naff, 1962-84
(1985.3009).

The National Labor Committee
(through Charles Kernaghan): pair of
pajamas with a dalmation motif
made by H.H. Cutler (1997.3127);
brochure design layout for “Anatomy
of Exploitation” (1997.3179).

National Westminster Bank Plc.
(through Graham R.L. Higgins): 2
National Westminster Bank smart
cards, a Mondex card reader, and a
Mondex wallet (1996.0265).

Otto Natzler: potter's wheel and tools,
scale and weight, clay mixer with
steel barrel, clay screen, lamp, and a
kiln heat baffle, all used by Mr.
Natzler and his late wife, Gertrud
Natzler, in creating studio art pottery
in Europe and America, 1930s—93
(1995-0132).

New Mexico Strate University, College
of Engineering (through J. Derald
Morgan): Texas Instruments TI-4100
Navstar Navigator global positioning
system receiver with antenna and
power supply, ca. 1982 (1997.0354).

252

New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc.
(through Michael J. Damer): 3 work
incentive posters (1995.0322).

Pataraporn Nhuneg: electric fan
(1997-0381).

Virginia L. North: 11 uniform items and
insignia worn by U.S. Army enlisted
man William C. Dart, 1898-1901
(1992.0436).

Oliver Corporation (through Donald E.
Kuska): Oliver chilled plow
(1998.0235).

Raymond F. O'Reilly: 13 patent models
(1997-0380).

ORMCO Corporation (through Daniel
Even): 13 wire samples, including 11
archwires and 2 “O” modules, and 4
typodents (1997.0177).

Marie S. Pack: 5 pieces of lingerie
bought by Mrs. Pack in 1937 for her
wedding trousseau and a floral
beaded bag used by her mother,
1900-30 (1997.0348).

Jack L. Packham: American ceramic
ashtray with a bronze horse's head
medallion in the center, mid-2oth
century (1997.0114).

Sid Paskowitz: Corvus 10-megabyte
hard drive and a U.S. Robotics acous-
tic coupler modem (1997.0265); 2
components of a Dynabyte microcom-
puter, a Topaz power conditioner,
Hazeltine video display terminal, and
a NEC Spinwriter printer
(1997.0294); 5 sets of computer
software, a set of diskettes, set of
printer ribbon cartridges, and a set of
printer typeface thimbles (1997.3152).

Charles G. Pefinis: 5 sets of documenta-
tion relating to the Marchant Cal-
culating Machine Company, 1927-60
(1997.3178).

Mary Anne Perkowski: silk dress
designed by Flora Kung, 1988
(1997-0394).

Josephine Plahn: 19 pieces of film
projector apparatus and accessories in-
vented by August Plahn of Copen-
hagen, Denmark (1994.3059).

Rita M. Pleet: 2 lipstick cases made to
resemble gun shell casings by Revlon
and Max Factor, WW II (1997.0109).

Carla L. Popenfus: cone-shaped frasted
glass perfume bortle designed by
Issey Miyake, 1996 (1997-0350).

Christina A. Popenfus: 8 pieces of
woman's clothing and accessories in-
cluding 2 dresses, 2 vests, 2 belts, a
skirt, and a pair of trousers, 1985-96
(1997-0386).

Porter Cable Corporation (through
James A. White): 11 power tools and
accessories, 6 promotional and incen-
tive objects and awards, a display
cabinet, work apron, and an
employee identification badge
(1996.0324); 13 sets of documents, 3
sets of photographs, a set of stickers,
pen, and a lighter, all related to the
power tool industry (1996.3070).

Alan W. Postlethwaite: air-sea rescue
transceiver, 1965-68, and 9 miscel-
laneous items of transistor technol-
ogy, 1961-68 (1995.0118).

Alice M. Pracher: woman’s navy blue
silk satin 2-piece suit with beaded
cuffs worn by Mrs. Pracher as her
wedding going-away outfit, 1949
(1997.0328).

Anthony Priest: NCR desk clock,
AT&T/NCR mission statement card,
and an ISO 9000 poster (1997.0398);
NCR shirt (1998.0098).

Lawrence N. Ravick (through Jeanne A.
Nicholsen): cane with a carrot-shaped
handle and a cane marked “Muskin-
gum Livestock Sales Co., Zanesville,
Ohio” (1994.0245).

Elizabeth Rawlinson: pair of woman's
black patent leather shoes designed
by Isaac Mizrahi, fall 1992 season
(1997-0385).

Theo J. Rehak: metal braille slate dis-
tributed by the Perkins School for
the Blind (1994.3047).

Reynolds Metals Company (through
Randolph N. Reynolds): box of
Reynolds Wrap aluminum foil from
the 1950s (1997.0269).

Jose Reynoso: roll of razor wire
(1996.0293).

Paul W. Rieser, D.D.S. (through Martin
L. Gang and Dr. Gertrude Meinzer):
231 pieces of dental equipment, tools,
medicines, certificates, and licenses, all
used in the office of Dr. Rieser, 1930s—
g2 (1993-0107); Air Raid Warden cer-
tificate issued to Dr. Rieser by the U.S.
Citizens Defense Corps for New York
City, January 1942 (1993.0253).

Cherye Riggs: set of human anatomy
flip charts contained in an oak easel
with cover, made by the Central
School Supply House of Chicago, ca.
1890 (1997.0152).

Franklin A. Robinson, Jr.: man’s wool
knit 2-piece bathing suit, 1890s
(1997.0327); set of woman’s hair clips
and a measuring tape with an ad
from a silk hosiery company, 1930-40
(1998.0038).

Rene Rondeau: original Hamilton
Electric Watch advertising display
card with battery, 1957 (1998.0069).

Siriluk Rongsak: ceramic coffee mug
(1997.0273).

Larry Roosa: postcard, “Wreck of Morro
Castle at Convention Hall, Asbury
Park, N.J., September 8th, 1934”
(1998.3039).

Jessica L. Roscio: purple and yellow Le
Chic 110 camera (1997.3096).

Joseph A. Ruiz II and Marilyn F. Ruiz:
18 objects related to Jose de Rivera's
creation of the sculpture Infinity,
commissioned for the National
Museum of History and Technology,
1965-67, including 17 hand tools and
shop equipment and a scale model of
the sculpture (1997.3068).

Norman Ruskin: sweatsuit pants and jack-
et embroidered on the back “1980
Olympics—Moscow” (1998.0105).

Saint Paul Baptist Church (through
Rev. Dr. Joel Anthony Ward): 3 choir
robes from the Echoes of Eden Choir
(1997.0214).

Saint Stephen's Episcopal Church
(through Pamela S.E. Higgins): sleep-
ing bag and personal supplies kit con-
sisting of 2 pairs of socks, a pair of
mittens, knit cap, knit scarf,
washcloth, towel, bag of toiletries,
and a set of container bags, all made
or assembled by volunteers for “My
Brother’s Keeper” for distribution to
the homeless (1998.0049).

Sorbo Samuelsson: 2 tricket tools invented
by Mr. Samuelsson in 1973, 2
squeegees, and 2 washerhead, all used
in professional window washing
(1997.0363).

Sarurn Corporation (through William
R. Betts and Lynn C. Nelson): 14
work incentive posters (1995.0292).

Keith Schmidr: 2 half-sectioned ex-
perimental bowling pins used to aid
Fred Schmidt in inventing a bowling
pin sporting machine (1997.0306).

J. Schoeneman, Inc. (through Ron
Palczynski): 2 industrial Singer
sewing machines (1995.3067).

Rosa M. Segre: Emilio Segre’s War
Department identification card,
jumpsuit, goggles, and a plate of
dark glass, all used during the
Trinity atomic bomb test, and a pock-
et compass, WW II (1993.0490).

Anne M. Serio: pair of printed cotton
curtains (1998.0029).

David H. Shayt: 3 folk medicines and an
ayurvedic decoder from Sri Lanka and 3
bottles of embalming fluid (1997.0283);
5 photographs of workers in a softball
factory in Haiti and 3 documents re-
lated to business and investment in
Haiti, 1980s (1997.3132).

Ruth Y. Sieg: Amana Radarange
microwave oven and a glass brown-
ing skillet, 1974 (1998.3037).

Henry I. Siegel Company, Inc. (through
Roland L. Kimberlin): U.S. flag on a
stick placed on an employee's
workstation when weekly production
quotas were met and a clipboard
printed with the mission statement
of Chic by H.I.S. given during the
quality campaign of 1995 (1996.0139).

Walter John Silva: manufactured
“whale’s tooth” scrimshaw made of
molded plastic depicting Napoleon,
1970s—8os (1998.0004).

J. Gordon Smith: binoculars made by

the Marchand Company of Paris,
France, 1900-25 (1998.0238).

R.M. Smythe & Co., Inc. (through
Douglas B. Ball): Southern Bank of
Georgia $2 note of 1858 (1998.0064).

The Southland Corporation (through
Wendy Barth): rooster and owl
cutouts used in displays at 7-Eleven
stores (1998-0104).

Harriet and Mortimer Spiller: collap-
sible silver presentation cup made by
the William B. Durgin Company of
Concord, New Hampshire, inscribed
with the dace April 21, 1888
(1997.0325).

Harvey G. and Lawrence R. Stack: 2 sil-
ver business tokens (997.0241).

Ernest R. Steele: sample of Aralac fiber
(1998.0026).

Henry Z. Steinway: 18 photographs
with captions and 3 documents relat-
ing to the Steinway piano factory,
Steinway Hall, and Steinway family
residences, 1860-1912 (1997.3167).

Carl A. Sten: union contract booklet of
1948 (1998.0172).

Steven Sternheimer: 27 Civil War docu-
ments concerned with stationery req-
uisitions, horse and forage requests,
and general quartermaster business
(1997.3123).

Laurence Steve, M.P.A., M.A., A.T.C.,
P.T.: Technicon Cybex isokinetic
dynamometer exercise machine with
gtaph recorder and speed controller,
1968, used in the physical therapy of
leg muscles (1996.0078).

Susan B. Strange: 3 handbags, a horse
motif brooch, and a pair of wedding
shoes, all used by Ms. Strange’s
mother, 1930s—40s, her mother's wed-
ding photograph of 1945, a beaded
purse used by Ms. Strange in the
1960s, and a family heirloom hair
bracelet, 1840—60 (1997.0143);
physician's automobile insignia used
by Ms. Strange’s grandfather, 1930s—
50s (1998.0198).

Melba K. Street: 2 hanging show globes
(1994.0098).

Dr. Gary A. Strobel: combination hat-
and-collecting bag and a shirt worn
by Dr. Strobel, a plant pathologist
who discovered the anti-cancer drug
Taxol while examining yew trees in
the Himalayas (1997.0356).

Johanna B. Swart: woman’s silk knit
floral 3-piece dress designed by
Diane Von Furstenberg, 1982
(1997-0351).

Symbol Technologies, Inc. (through J.
Spaccarelli): hand-held laser data ter-
minal (1997.0399).

Carlton R. Taft: faceted green glass bot-
tle inscribed “Hayward's Hand
Grenade Fire Extinguisher,” made in
New York, late 19th to early 20th
century (1995.0319).

Talley Industries, Inc. (through Jack C.
Crim and Joanne Shirley): 5 volumes
of Seth Thomas Clock Company
records, 1835-1928 (1997.3176).

253

Frank J. Taylor: Japanese army signal-
ing device recovered from the Ad-
miralty Islands, WW I (1997.0018).

Telephonetics International, Inc.
(through Alan Kvares): 2 Algor-
hythm Narrowcaster remote digital
units, 1994-95, for message and
music-on-hold telephone systems
(1995-0339).

Richard B. Thomas: SEAC wire
cartridge for a mainframe computer
(1997.0259).

William David Todd: pair of glasses
with trifocal lenses (1997.0168).

Jumnienien Tornsmee: Melamine plas-
tic rice bow! made in Taiwan
(1997.0272).

Trengove Studios Inc. (through Thomas
Trengove): 10 “splash” and “pour”
acrylic effects for use in commercial
still photography and a plastic-and-
resin “banana split” (1998.0017).

Ambrose and Karen Tricoli in memory
of Ambrose and Maria Paldino: 19 ar-
tifacts used in street processions of
the Society of Our Lady of
Aspromonte in Jersey City, New
Jersey, 1931-67, consisting of 14
sashes worn by society officers and a
banner with cord, pole set, harness,
and a case (1998.0003).

Charles S. Tucek: apparatus built by
Mr. Tucek in 1969 and used by him
until 1989 in his private radiocarbon
dating business (1992.0345).

Mildred E. Brittingham Tucker: 4 U.S.
Army buttons, 1920s (1988.3014).

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food
and Consumer Service, Redemption
Management Branch (through
Suzanne Fecteau): 8 food stamp
coupons (1997.0335).

U.S. Department of Defense, Defense
Information Systems Agency
(through Lt. Col. David J. Kelley):
Honeywell Tempest computer ter-
minal used by the World Wide
Military Command and Control Sys-
tem, a shopping cart used to deliver
printouts around the Pentagon, and a
24-hour Zulu clock, 1970s—90s
(1997-0184).

U.S. Department of Defense, Depart-
ment of the Air Force, Rome Air
Development Center: 33 computer

254

components and 17 pieces of
documentation, all related to the
CDC 160 computer (1983.3004).

U.S. Department of Defense, Depart-
ment of the Army, Fort Benjamin
Harrison Museum: 215 pieces of
military uniforms, insignia, buttons,
equipment, memorabilia, posters,
and ordnance projectiles (1979.0219).

U.S. Department of Defense, Depart-
ment of the Army, Institute of
Heraldry, Heraldic Services and Sup-
port Division (through Thomas B.

Proffitt): 14 pieces of distinctive insig-
nia and 4 pieces of shoulder sleeve in-

signia (1997.0296); 32 pieces of
distinctive unit insignia (1998.0001).

U.S. Department of Defense, Depart-
ment of the Navy, Naval Electronic
Systems Command: set of 63 pieces
of equipment used to test submarine
telegraph cable systems (1997.0407).

U.S. Department of Energy, Conserva-
tion and Renewable Energy (through
Dr. Lee R. Anderson): Fusion

Lighting’s prototype electrodeless sul-

phur lighting system in 3 parts
operated at the National Air and
Space Museum from August 1994 to
September 1996 (1996.0314).

U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, Public Health Service, Sub-
stance Abuse and Mental Health Ser-
vices Administration (through
Joseph T. Smith): writing desk
presented to Saint Elizabeth's Hospi-
tal by Dorothea Dix in 1887
(1997-0339).

U.S. Department of Justice, Immigra-
tion and Naturalization Service
(through Patricia Y. Wesley): “Im-
migration Investigator” identifica-
tion badge (1997.0255).

U.S. Department of Labor: 5 posters in
different languages about minimum
wage, a federal officer’s jacket, TIPP
jacket and cap, clipboard, pad of per-
sonal interview statements, garment
interview questionnaire, set of
production ticket sheets, set of cur-

ting sheets, set of photographic nega-

tive strips, and a timecard
(1997.0279).

U.S. Department of Labor, Women’s
Bureau (through Angela Twitty

Adams): 9 posters of the “Women’s
Work Counts” series commemorat-
ing the 75th anniversary of the
Women's Bureau, 1920-95
(1998.0013).

U.S. Department of the Treasury,
Bureau of Engraving and Printing,
Historical Resource Center (through
Cecilia Wertheimer): 6 certified
proof plate impressions of 4 Federal
Reserve note faces and 2 uniform cur-
rency backs, 1977-85 (1996.0095).

U.S. Department of the Treasury, U.S.
Mint (through Maria R. Goodwin):

2 uncirculated coins commemorating
the Smithsonian Institution’s 150th
anniversary and a silver proof coin
commemorating National Com-
munity Service, all 1996 (1996.0353);
2 silver dollars and 2 $5 gold coins,
1997 (1997.0242); 4 proof gold coins
and a proof silver coin, 1998
(1998.0193).

U.S. Department of the Treasury, U.S.
Secret Service, Office of Government
Liaison and Public Affairs (through
Don A. Edwards): photograph album
of persons arrested by the U.S. Secret
Service, 1888-91 (1994.0017).

USS. Office of Personnel Management,
Personnel Systems and Oversight
Group (through Kenneth F. Rossman
and Dr. Philip A.D. Schneider): 0.67
cubic foot of official personnel
records of 12 federal employees who
worked in the early days of radio tech-
nology (1997-3052).

U.S. Senate, Commission on Art
(through Diane K. Skvarla): 12 pieces
of memorabilia from the Clinton
presidential inaugural luncheon held
in the U.S. Capitol on January 20,
1997 (1998.0025).

Unknown: Chicago street guide dis-
tributed to servicemen with advice
on avoiding and treating venereal dis-
ease, ca. 1948 (1997.0278); 4 presiden-
tial inaugural pamphlets from 1933,
1953, and 1961 (1998.0091).

John E. Vawter: print of the steamboat
City of Norfolk made by Mr. Vawter
after his pen-and-ink drawing made
in 1969 (1998.0067).

Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. (through
Dr. Felix Zandman): luncheon nap-

kin on which Mr. Zandman jotted
his invention for a power metal strip
resistor (1996.0063).

Bert and Carol L. Vorchheimer: scrap-
book documenting Frederick P.
Wertheimer’s advertising and market-
ing work for the jewelry firm of Fin-
lay Straus Company, 1930-33
(1998.3078); 2 scrapbooks document-
ing Frederick P. Wertheimer's adver-
tising and marketing work for the
Doughnut Machine Company, ca.
1928 (1998.3079).

Evelyn Wagman: block-printed cotton
fabric sample of the Arts and Crafts
Movement period (1997.0374).

Wayne E. Wakefield: 2 slide trays anda
Project-O-Matic slide projector with
case (1997.3097).

Jean P. Warner: vaudeville costume
dress worn by Mrs. Warner's great-
aunt, song-and-dance artist Nellie
Burt (1998.0002).

Washington Steele Corporation
(through Joseph K. Kusic): booklet,
“Ground Rules for the Team,” 1947
(1998.0096).

John Elfreth Watkins: 0.3 cubic foot of
correspondence relating to Mr. Wat-
kins and the Philadelphia Typewriter
Company, 1886—1902 (1997.3130).

Elwin F. and J.C. West: 4 pieces of ar-
tificial display meat for use ina
butcher's shop window consisting of
3 wax cuts of beef and a ceramic side
of ham (1997.3060).

White Consolidated Industries, Inc.
(through Daniel N. Elliott and
Sharon Schiller): 1,381 type matrices
used by the American Type Founders
Company, 19th and 20th centuries
(1993-0486).

George W. and Nanette H. White: 6
Philippine pina cloth items with
woven, embroidered, and
appliqued decorations, 1920s—30s
(1996.0269).

Norma P. Wieler: 7 rules, 2 sets of draft-
ing machine rules, set of drawing in-
struments, planimeter, map measure,
bow pencil, bow compass, electric
eraser, and a stylus, all used by
Robert H. Wieler, Jr. (1998.0032).

Dr. Ronald S. Wilkinson: Tesla coil and
a glass acceleration tube used to

shoot subatomic particles at speeds
high enough to cause nuclear
reactions, late 1920s (1993.0578);
Sinclair ZX81 personal computer
and a 16K RAM expansion pack
(1994.0398).

Franklin Williams: softball, bat, and an
equipment bag used by the Sioux
City Ghosts barnstorming softball
team (1997.0024).

Stella Williams: 2 grape picking knives
(1997-0305).

Warren Winiarski: grape picking knife
(1997-0379).

Norma M. Witt: violin made by Marius
Richelme of Marseilles, France, 1875
(1997.0300).

Barbara Wolf: monthly wall calendar
for 1997 (1998.0008).

Allen M. Wolpe: 10 cubic feet of
matchbook covers and supporting
catalog materials (1994.3133).

Priscilla Q. Wood: 2 woman’s dress pat-
terns, 1940s (1998.3012).

Helena E. Wright: 8 cruise ship menus,
1989 (1998.3042).

Jane Griffin Yeingst and William H.
Yeingst: 13 posters with popular cul-
ture and musical themes, 1960s—70s
(1996.0087).

Adele Youdin: white stoneware mug
with a raised depiction of the Smith-
sonian Institution Castle, made by
Bennington Potters of Bennington,
Vermont, 1980s (1997.3069).

Orrey P. Young: bentwood slat-seat side
chair possibly made by Samuel
Gragg of Boston, ca. 1830
(1998.0190).

Karin Yount: woman's 2-piece suit
made from 2 pairs of U.S. Army wool
trousers by Mrs. Yount’s mother,
Maria Trenina, a silk handkerchief,
and a cardboard suitcase, 1946
(1997-0349).

Victor Yuliano: GRiD Case 1530
portable microcomputer
(1997-0124).

Thomas G. Zimmerman: Kinko's
neon sign, “Open 24 Hours”

(1997 .3120).

Edward G. Zubler: 8 experimental
tungsten-halogen light bulbs
(1996.0082).

National Museum of the
American Indian

Donors of Financial Support

$500,000 or more

Morris and Gwendolyn Cafritz
Foundation

The Kresge Foundation

The John D. & Catherine T. MacArthur
Foundation

$100,000 or more

Mr. and Mrs. James A. Block

The Chase Manhattan Bank

Mr. and Mrs. Charles Diker (Valerie and
Charles Diker Fund, Inc.)

The Ford Foundation

Mr. George Gund III and Iara Lee

Ms. Ru Lang Lennox

Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Mercy, Jr.

Ms. Elizabeth Solomon

Turner Foundation, Inc.

$50,000 or more

Anonymous

The Bedminster Fund, Inc.
Booth Ferris Foundation
Clarence and Anne Dunwalke Trust
Fannie Mae Foundation

Mrs. Ruth Greenberg

The Greenwich Workshop, Inc.
Mr. and Mrs. Victor Kaufman
Metropolitan Life Foundation
Mr. and Mrs. Carroll O’Connor
Margaret Knowles Schink

$10,000 or more

Mr. Roger Abelson

Allen & Company Incorporated

Ms. Charmay B. Allred

Anheuser-Busch Companies

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Balzer

Capital Re

Castle Rock Entertainment

Dr. John P. Comstock (Abigail Van
Vleck Charitable Trust)

Mr. and Mrs. Richard M. Danziger

255

Mr. Barry Diller (USA Networks Foun-
dation, Inc.)

Mr. and Mrs. William C. Dutton

Mr. and Mrs. John Ernst (Richard C. &
Susan B. Ernst Foundation Inc.)

Forstmann Little & Company

Mr. James S. Frank

Mr. David W. Gengler

Estate Lydia Heininger

Mr. Brian C. McK. Henderson

Mr. Gene A. Keluche (Communication
Resources, Inc.)

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Krissel

Mrs. Emily Fisher Landau

Mr. Thomas H. Lee

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Linton

Joe and Emily Lowe Foundation

Andrew W. Mellon Foundation

Merrill Lynch & Company Foundation, Inc.

J.P. Morgan & Company, Inc.

New York Community Trust

New York Stock Exchange, Inc.

Mrs. Paul M. Niebell, Sr.

Ms. Virginia J. Orcega

Ostrolenk, Faber, Berb & Soffen, LLP

Mr. Gerald P. Peters (Gerald Peters Gal-
lery Inc.)

Polo Ralph Lauren Corporation

Mr. and Mrs. William Potter (William
A. & Ronnie N. Potter Philanthropic
Fund)

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Ms. Ann Roberts

Mr. and Mrs. William D. Rollnick (Wil-
liam D. And Nancy Ellison Rollnick
Foundation)

The May and Samuel Rudin Family
Foundation

Ms. Helen G. Schneider

Ms. Helen D'’Olier Stowell

Dr. and Mrs. Paul Tarver (Tarver Family
Fund)

Ms. Ann Tenenbaum

Thacher Proffitt and Wood

Time Warner, Inc.

Ms. Rita Tishman (Norman-Rita
Tishman Fund, Inc.)

Troop Steuber Pasich Reddick & Tobey,
LLP

U.S.-Mexico Fund for Culture

Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz

Mr. and Mrs. John T. Walton

Estate of Ferme R. Warren

Mrs. Eileen Wells

256

Mr. James D. Wolfensohn (Wolfensohn
Family Foundation)

$5,000 or more

Ms. Ann Simmons Alspaugh

Bell Aclantic Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Robert H. Bloom

Bloomberg Financial Markets,
Commodities and News

The Chase Manhattan Foundation

Alfred and Harriet Feinman
Foundation

Ms. Anne Forbes

Grey Advertising, Inc.

Masco Corporation

MC] Foundation

Mary A.H. Rumsey Foundation

San Francisco Foundation

Estate of Merriam P. Sargent

Mr. Richard E. Whalen

$2,000 or more

Mrs. Teresa Bressler

Central Pacific Bank

Mrs. Dorothy S. Davidson
Educational Broadcasting Corporation
Fulbright & Jaworski

Mr. Sam Kito, Jr. (Kito Inc.)

Mr. and Mrs. James D. Krissel

Mrs. Priscilla McDougal

Mexican Government Tourism Office
Ms. Antoinette Peskoff

Philip Morris Companies, Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. David Saity

Dr. Mark J. Sublette

Hannoch Weisman

Donors of In-Kind Support

Alaska on Madison

Mr. Nathan Scott Begay

Ms. Juanita Growing Thunder Fogarty

Ms. Rhonda Holy Bear

Mr. Delbridge Honanie

Mx. Yazzie Johnson

Ms. Jan Loco

Ms. Angie Reano Owen

Twin Rocks Trading Post and Blue
Mountain Trading Post

National Museum of
Natural History

Donors of Financial Support

$1,000,000 or more

The Kenneth E. Behring Family
Herbert and Evelyn Axelrod
Nippon Foundation

Nordic Council of Ministers

$100,000 or more

Shell Prospecting & Development
(Peru) B.V.

Shell Oil Company Foundation

Estate of Annie B. Wetmore

Estate of Helen Katchmar

Smithsonian Women’s Committee

Alumax, Inc.

The Philip L. Graham Fund

Jewelers of America

Alfred C. Munger Foundation

$50,000 or more

AT&T Foundation

Conoco Inc.

Mx. Jeffrey W. Meyer

Pennzoil Company

Shell International Petroleum Co. Ltd.

$10,000 or more

Anonymous

Wallis Foundation

The Freed Foundation

American Business for Environmental
Leadership

AT&T Alascom

The Homeland Foundation

Woohak Cultural Foundation

Missouri Botanical Garden

Autodesk Inc.

Drs. William H. and Isabella M.C.
Cunningham

Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. Fri

The Link Foundation

Merck & Co., Inc.

The Saint Paul Foundation

Museum Loan Nerwork

Conservation, Food & Health
Foundation, Inc.

Bell Atlantic Corporation

Mr. and Mrs. Alfred C. Glassell, Jr.

Volker Hollmann-Schirrmacher

Mr. Rampa R. Hormel

National Association of Secondary
School Principals

Pioneer Hi-Bred International

Siemens Hearing Instruments

$5,000 or more

Asian Cultural Council, Inc.

Laure Boulton Foundation, Inc.

Chevron Corporation

Mr. and Mrs. Robert H. Malott

The Embassy of Spain

King and Jean Cummings Charitable
Trust

Drs. W. Ronald and Miriam Heyer

Wenner-Gren Foundation for
Anthropological Research

Mr. and Mrs. Michael Baly III

Mr. and Mrs. Ben Hammett

Mrs. Olga Hirshhorn

Reed Foundation

Mrs. Beatrice A. von Gontard

$2,000 or more

Jose Cuatrecasas Botanical Fund

Dr. F. Christian Thompson

Dr. Wayne N. Mathis

The Aleut Corporation

Aleutian Pribilof Islands Association

Anne Corporation

Dr. Oliver S. Flint, Jr.

Embassy of Korea

American Hospital Association

Mr. and Mrs. Barry Bergman

First National Bank of Anchorage

The Honorable James A. McClure

Ounalashka Corporation

Bushnell Sports Optics Worldwide

David and Pat Jernigan

Ms. Betty Anne Schreiber and Mr. Gary
Schenk

$1,000 or more

National Capital Shell Club
Mrs. Gloria Shaw Hamilton
Ms. Jean Beekhuis

Ms. Tiane C. Benson

Dr. Cesar A. Caceres

Mr. and Mrs. Richard W. Carr

Mrs. Tatiana Dominick

Mr. and Mrs. Robert K. Edson

Ms. Gladys H. Fuller

Ann & Gordon Getty Foundation

Sam W. Huddleston, M.D.

Ms. Dane A. Nichols

Mr. and Mrs. David A. Olive

Ms. Judy Lynn Prince

Mr. Hans Pulpan

Mr. Edward Hart Rice

Richardson Foundation, Inc.

Miss Marguerite V. Schneeberger

Mrs. Jocelyn A. Sladen

Dr. Dwight Smith and Mrs Marillyn
Suzuki-Day

Mr. and Mrs. William C. Storey

Warner-Lambert Company

Dr. Kerstin Wasson

Harold and Alma White Memorial
Fund

Estate of Eugene A. Wilde

YSI Foundation, Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Gregory Zemenick

$500 or more

Ms. Helen Cracraft

Agdaagux Tribal Council

Akutan Corporation

Aleutian Pribilof Island Community
Development Association

Association of Reptilian & Amphibian
Veterinarians

Atka Ira Council

Clyde Peeling’s Reptiland

Columbus Zoological Park Association

Ms. Jeanne M. Lemmer

Lion and Hare Fund

Neiman Marcus

Dr. FH. Plough

Mrs. Thomas Malcolm Price

Qawalangin Tribe of Unalaska

Mr. John J. Trelawney

The Tuckahoe Woman's Club

Dr. David B. Wake

Dr. Austin B. Williams

Zoological Society of Philadelphia

National Portrait Gallery

Donors of Financial Support
$50,000 or more

Time, Inc.

$10,000 or more

Siemens Corporation

Citibank

Marpat Foundation

Nations Bank

The Washington Post Company

$5,000 or more

The Max & Victoria Dreyfus
Foundation, Inc.

Catherine Gidlow

David V. Capes

Strauss Charitable Fund (Fidelity
Investments Charitable)

Mary O’Brien Gibson

The Clarence & Jack Himmel Foundation

Robert Krueger

Theodore Roosevelt Association

$1,000 or more

The Community Foundation for the
National Capital Region

Chester Lasell

Mr. and Mrs. Alan Fern

The Kiplinger Foundation

Leslie Goldberg Charity Fund

Morgan Stanley Dean Witter

The Barra Foundation

Rosemary Frankeberger

$500 or more

Phillip Morris

Donors to the
Collection—Department of
Painting and Sculpture

Eugene V. Epperly. Percy Julian, 1952,
oil on canvas, by Richard Epperly
(NPG.97.233).

Everett Raymond Kinstler. Elizabeth
“Betty” Ford, 1996, oil on canvas, by

257

Everett Raymond Kinstler
(T/NPG.97.155).

Dr. and Mrs. Ariel Mengarini. George
Eastman, 1930, bronze head, by Faus-
ta Vittoria Mengarini (NPG.97.156).

Joan D. Tolley. Catherine Shouse, 1974,
plaster, by Elaine Pear Cohen
(T/NPG.98.005.04).

Estate of Mrs. John Hay Whitney.
Daniel Webster, 1835, oil on canvas, by
Francis Alexander (NPG.98.71).

Dr. Richard Wunder. Amos Lawrence, c.
1839, plaster bust, by Shobal Vail
Clevenger (NPG.97.157).

Donors to the Collection—
Department of Photographs

Mrs. William Harrison Feldman. Todd
Duncan, 1954, gelatin silver print by
William H. Feldman (NPG.98.65).

John and Susan Edwards Harvith. Bebe
Daniels, 1921, silver bromide print by
Karl Struss (S/NPG.97.174).

Bardy! Tirana. George Gershwin, c. 1930,
gelatin silver print by Nicholas Haz
(NPG.98.69).

Rosamond Walling Tirana. George
Gershwin, c. 1928, gelatin silver print
by Edward Steichen (NPG.98.66).
George Gershwin, 1931, gelatin silver
print by Unidentified (NPG.98.67).
George Gershwin, gelatin silver print
by Unidentified (NPG.98.68).

Enid Noland Warner. Portrait album, c.
1865, tintypes by Unidentified
(S/NPG.97.172). Miniature portrait
album, c. 1870, tintypes by Uniden-
tified (S/NPG.97.173).

Virginia M. Zabriskie. W2llem de Kooning
(and others) at Port Said Restaurant, c.
1954, gelatin silver print by Hans
Namuth (S/NPG.97.234). Horace
Traubel, c. 1916, gelatin silver print
by Arnold Genthe (NPG-97.235).
Horace Traubel, c. 1917, gelatin silver
print by Arnold Genthe
(S/NPG.97.236).

Donors to the Collection—
Department of Prints and
Drawings

Mrs. William Rockwood. John Thur-
man, pastel, 1797, by Thomas Bluget
de Valdenuit.

Seyffert, Robert. James Michener, char-
coal, 1979, by Robert Seyffert.

Shikler, Aaron. Mike Mansfield, oil on
paper, 1977, by Aaron Shikler

Milton Rose. 8 lithographic portraits,
19th century.

Mr. Paul Grayson. Harlem as Seen By
Hirschfeld, book, 1941, by Al
Hirschfeld.

Les Schreyer. 29 theater, propaganda, ad-
vertising, and World War II posters,
2oth century.

Donors to the Collection—
National Museum of
American Art/National
Portrait Gallery Library

Richard Ahlborn. A small collection of
exhibition catalogs and vertical file
materials on Hispanic and Spanish
colonial art and crafts.

James M. Goode. Twelve file boxes of
his “contemporary self-portraits”
files, which includes photographs,
biographies, correspondence,
newspaper and magazine clippings
on artists represented in his personal
collection of artist's self-portraits.

Lynn Igoe. Thirteen boxes of vertical
files material on African-American
art and artists.

National Endowment for the Arts. Thir-
teen boxes of exhibition catalogs, as
well as some auction catalogs and pe-
riodical issues.

Jan and Chuck Rosenak. Two hundred
thirty-three items (vertical files
materials, auction catalogs, peri-
odicals, monographs) on folk art and
twentieth-century art.

Joan Stahl. Twenty-five books on the
arts.

Innumerable vertical file items, peri-
odicals, auction catalogs,
monographs and exhibition catalogs
from NMAA and NPG curatorial
staff: Sidney Hart, Lynda Hartigan,

Merle Moore, Mary Panzer, and
Harry Rand, plus 41 monographs, ex-
hibition catalogs, and auction
catalogs from various SI fellows,
public and private institutions, and
Library researchers.

National Postal Museum

Donors of Financial Support

$50,000 or more

United States Postal Service
Guido Craveri and Tito Gaimporcaro

$25,000 or more

Avery Dennison Foundation
The Gold Institute

$10,000 or more

Ashton Potter Security Printers
Securities Industry Association

$5,000 or more

The Reader's Digest Association
The Estate of Leo August
Mystic Stamp Company
Littleton Coin Company

James E. Pehta Foundation

J.C. Penney Company, Inc.

$1,000 or more

Joan Berkley

Book-of-the-Month Club

Bell & Howell

National Association of Postmasters of
the United States

Donors of In-Kind Support

United States Postal Service

Donors to the Collection

Margaret Ann and Lewis Jackson Ad-
kins. Ca. 1900 handmade RFD mail-
box (NPM 1997.20m1).

Keith A. and Alison Harmer. Double

stamp vending machine, Schermack
Model 45 and 310, ca. mid-2oth cen-
tury (NPM 1997.2009).

Hong Kong Post, People’s Republic of
China (through S.Y. Wan). Twentieth-
Century ERII pillar-style mailbox
used in the former British colony of
Hong Kong (NPM 1997.2010).

Ivy & Mader Philatelic Auctions, Inc.

(vendor) and New Acquisitions
Fund. 211 U.S. plate proof singles
(1847-1893), 19 original presentation
envelopes, accompanying 1893 U.S.
Post Office Department letter
presenting this set of proofs to
Alexander Barclay courtesy of Vice
President Stevenson (NPM
1998.2005).

Alvin R. and Marjorie S. Kantor. 1928

letter from Franklin D. Roosevelt to
Eugene Klein, stamp dealer (NPM
1998.2009).

Edwin M. Schmidt. British post card
with military censor/civil mails can-
cellation sent to British Zone, Ger-
many in 1947 (NPM 1998.2003).

U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish

and Wildlife Service, Federal Duck
Stamp Program (through Teresa M.
Bell). 1997-98 Junior Duck Stamp, 3
essays of 1997-98 Migratory Bird
Hunting and Conservation stamp,
1998-99 Migratory Bird Hunting
and Conservation stamp single, im-
perforate sheet of 120, imperforate
self-adhesive single, self-adhesive im-
perforate sheet of 24, souvenir pro-
gram (NPM 1998.2007).

US. Postal Service, Melvin, Michigan,

Post Office (through Patricia L. Mc-
Clain). Duplex handstamp and set
key (NPM 1997.2012).

US. Postal Service, Stamp Services

(through Azeezaly Jaffer). 946
postage stamps, 14 souvenir sheets,
56 covers, 62 commemorative panels,
2 maximum cards, 44 souvenir
programs and inserts (NPM
1998.2001).

USS. Postal Service, (through Stephen
M. Kearney). Verifone integrated pay-
ment system credit/debit keypad,
microprocessor with magnetic card
reader, printer, stand (NPM
1998.2004).

USS. Postal Service, Postal Square Sta-
tion (vendor) and Collection Depart-
ment Fund. 1,164 U.S. mint postage
stamps (NPM 1998.2008).

USS. Postal Service, Stamp Services
(through Azeezaly Jaffer). 40,064
postage stamps, I6 covers, 2 souvenir
sheets, 8 commemorative panels, 12
postal cards, 28 souvenir programs
(NPM 1998.2010).

US. Postal Service, (through Megaera
Ausman). 2 rolls of precancel test coil
stamps, I catcher-arm style mailbag
(NPM 1998.2011).

National Zoological Park

Donors of Financial Support

$500,000 or more

Friends of the National Zoo

$100,000 or more

Shirley P. Sichel
Estate of Janet Johnson

$50,000 or more

Estate of Miriam K. Schreiter

$30,000 or more

Caroline Gabel

George J. Sisley Endowment
Sichel Family Endowment
Franchon & Gloria Smithson

20,000 or more

M.A. Healy Foundation
Mars Inc.

$10,000 or more

Max and Victoria Dreyfus Foundation
Mr. and Mrs. John F. Mars

National Geographic Society

Price Waterhouse

Ralston Purina

Harezo Shimizu

$5,000 or more

Bayer Corporation

Albert Beekhuis Foundation
Elaine Broadhead

Dorothy Jordan Chadwick Fund
Eldon Crowell

Dielle Fleischman and Richard Viets
Clinton and Missy Kelly

Sandy Lerner

The Little River Fund

The Mars Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. George Ohrstrom
Purina Mills

Philip D. Reed, Jr.

Benjamin Rosenthal Foundation
The Sacharuna Fund

Sprint Corporation

The Summit Foundation
Beatrix von Hoffman

$2,500 or more

Robert A. Bartlett, Jr.

Esther S. Bondareff
Conservation Treaty Support Fund
Harriet M. Crosby

Joan E. Hekimian

Adrienne B. Mars

William P. McClure

C.B, Ramsay Foundation
Jeffrey R. Short

Henry Strong

The Sulzberger Foundation, Inc.
Virginia Ullman

Mr. and Mrs. Paul Wolk

$1,000 or more

AWA Family Foundation
Austin W. Bach
Brane-Strom Management
Donald H. and Ann Brown
George A. Didden III
Karen L. Didion

259

Mr. and Mrs. William Dietel
JunAnn Holmes

Klein Family Foundation

Claire Lamborne

Raymond E. Mason Foundation
Estate of Helen L. Parker

Linda Powers

Rein Fielding, Wiley

Allen & Susan Snyder Fund

Paul G. and Heather Sturt Haaga

Donors of In-Kind Support

British Airways. Airline tickets.

Marriott Ranch. Lodging and refresh-
ments for special events.

Met Life. Printing of Zoo map and
brochure.

The Scale People. Scales for Tiger
Tracks exhibit.

Sunset Hills Foliage. Plants.

TransBrasil Airlines. Airline tickets.

Smithsonian Center for
Materials Research and
Education

Donors of Financial Support

$5,000 or more

Samuel H. Kress Foundation (Ar-
chaeological Conservation Program)

$1,000 or more

La Compania de Fomento Industrial—
Oficina de Desarrollo Artesanal, Puer-
to Rico (for simultaneous translation
during the “Preservation of Santos”
workshop in Puerto Rico)

$500 or more

Cable TV of Greater San Juan, Puerto
Rico (support of the “Preservation of
Santos” workshop in Puerto Rico)

La Compafia de Turismo—Officina de
Asuntos Culturales, Puerto Rico (for
a reception during the “Preservation
of Santos” workshop in Puerto Rico)

260

$100 or more

Castle Book bookstore, Puerto Rico
(support of the “Preservation of San-
tos” workshop in Puerto Rico)

Museo de las Américas (support of the
“Preservation of Santos” workshop in
Puerto Rico)

Donors of In-Kind Support

Universidad del Sagrado Corazén,
Puerto Rico. Lecture, office, and
laboratory facilities, office supplies
and copying, transportation,
videotaping, receptions, and staff sup-
port during the “Preservation of San-
tos” workshop in Puerto Rico.

Leica Microsystems. Staff time and ex-
pertise and the use of 10 teaching
microscopes for the five days of the
Applied Optical Microscopy course
during September 1998.

The Museo de Arte de Ponce, Puerto
Rico. Facilities and staff support as
host of a one-day symposium about
santos for collectors, artists, his-
torians, and curators.

Harvard University. Supplies, staff
travel, and room/board on site for the
Harappa and Copan Archaeological
Research Projects.

The University of Wisconsin. Supplies,
staff travel, and room/board on site
for the Harappa Archaeological Re-
search Project.

Yale University. Supplies, staff travel, and
room/board on site for the Aguateca Ar-
chaeological Research Project.

The University of Pennsylvania. Sup-
plies, staff travel, and room/board on
site for the Early Copan Acropolis
Project.

Cable TV of San Juan, Puerto Rico. Ad-
vertisements for the “Preservation of
Santos” workshop in Puerto Rico.

Museo de Arte Contemporaneo, Puerto
Rico. Facilities for the “Preservation
of Santos” workshop in Puerto Rico.

Puerto Rico Convention Bureau. Publi-
cations for the “Preservation of San-
tos” workshop in Puerto Rico.

Instituto de Cultura Puertorriquena.
Publications for the “Preservation of
Santos” workshop in Puerto Rico.

Smithsonian
Environmental Research
Center

Donors of Financial Support

$10,000 or more
The Walt Disney Company
Regional Citizens Adv. Council

American Petroleum Institute
Warren Wilson College

$100 or more

Bishop Museum
Eugene S. Morton

National Science Resources
Center

Donors of Financial Support

$500,000 or more

National Science Foundation

$100,000 or more

Kellogg Fund of the National Academy
of Sciences/National Research Council

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

Dow Chemical Company Foundation

DuPont Company

$75,000 or more

Carolina Biological Supply Company
Delta Education

$50,000 or more

Smithsonian Institution Educational
Outreach Fund
Hewlett-Packard Company

$30,000 or more

The Bayer Foundation, Inc.
Technical Association of the Pulp and
Paper Industry

$24,000 or more

Merck Institute for Science Education
Smithsonian Women’s Committee
VWR Scientific Products

$18,000 or more

Hewlett-Packard Company

Smithsonian Institution
Archives

Donors of Financial Support

$115,000 or more

Richard Lounsbery Foundation to the
Joseph Henry Papers Project

$35,000 or more

Research Resources Grant Program (Of-
fice of Fellowships and Grants)

$2,500 or more

Smithsonian Women’s Committee

Donors to the Collection

American Ornithologists’ Union.
Records of the Union.

Animal Behavior Society. Records of
the Society.

Association of Field Ornithologists.
Records of the Association.

Association of Systematics Collections.
Records of the Association.

David Challinor. Oral history with
David Challinor.

Roy S. Clarke, Jr. Papers of Roy S.
Clarke, Jr.

Colonial Waterbird Society. Records of
the Society.

Charles Whitney Dall. Portrait (cased
miniature) of George Brown Goode.

Paul E. Garber. Oral history with Paul
E. Garber.

History of Science Society. Records of
the Society.

Museum Computer Network. Records
of the Network.

Suzanne Ripley. Papers of Suzanne
Ripley.

Ross Simons. Oral history with Ross
Simons.

Michael Smith. Oral history with
Michael Smith.

Society for Marine Mammalogy.
Records of the Society.

United States Geological Survey.
Portrait of Isaac Lea; Note by Mary
Jane Rathbun.

Margaret Wetmore. Papers of
Alexander Wetmore.

Woodrow Wilson International Center
for Scholars. Records of the Center.

Judith K. Zilczer. Papers of Judith K.
Zilczer.

Smithsonian Institution
Libraries

Donors of Financial Support

$25,000 or more

Nancy Wineland Castle
Joseph F. 3rd and Joan Cullman
Mrs. Jefferson Patterson

$5,000 or more

Anonymous

The Edward S. Curtis Foundation

The Dibner Fund (David and Frances
Dibner)

The Jaques Admiralty Law Firm

$1,000 or more

Howard H. Baker, Jr.
Christopher Cardozo

The Curtis Centennial Project

The Curtis Collection

Robert J. Hurst

Frank A. Weil

Mr. and Mrs. Caspar W. Weinberger, Sr.
Mrs. Lloyd Wineland

$500 or more

James M. Kemper, Jr.
Dudley and Lois Rochester
David Spencer

$250 or more

John and Lois Eberhard
Bill Lambert

Rosemary L. Ripley
Rodris Roth

Russell Train

Bruce Wasserstein

$100 or more

Tobin and Anne Armstrong
Marion Oates Charles
Charlottesville Camera Club
Mary Lou Cowden

Douglas Evelyn

Alfred C. Glassell, Jr.

Marc Goldberg

Nancy E. Gwinn and John Y. Cole
Richard McG. Helms
James and Linda Hobbins
John Jameson

Keith A. Jones

Thomas E. Lovejoy

Roman Martinez IV

Alan and Betty Miller
Howard and Reba Oheim
William A. Oliver

Malcolm and Bettie Ripley
Russell A. Rourke

Ruth Selig

Russell Shank

Lawrence A. Skantze
Barbara J. Smith

Stanwyn Shetler

William Mitchell Van Winkle
Ulf Andreas Whist

Donors to the Collection

Ms. Rita Adrosko
Mr. John-Tokpabere Agberia

261

Mr. Chinedu A. Agbodike
Mr. and Mrs. John Aha
Mr. Richard Ahlborn

Dr. Harry A. Alden

Mrs. John E. Armstrong
Mr. Donald P. Avery

Mr. Robert O. Bach
Wang Ying Bai

Dr. Douglas B. Ball

Mrs. Mary W. Ballard
Ms. Corrine Barsky

Mr. Joseph Barth

Mr. Silvio A. Bedini

Ms. Amy A. Begg

Mr. Abdallah Benanreur
Dr. Ernst H. Berninger
Mr. Richard E. Beteta
Dr. Erna Beumers

Mr. Kent Charles Boese
Ms. Alaine Apap Bolgna
Ms. Maxima M. Bond
Mr. Eric S. Borsting

Ms. Brigitte Bouret

Ms. Mary Brandwein
John Bratten, Ph.D.

Dr. Michael K. Brett-Surman
Mr. William H. Bunting
Mr. Andrew Chaikin

Mr. Eddie Chambers

Dr. Elizabeth Chilver

Mr. Wallace Cleland

Dr. Anthony G. Coates
Dr. Jorge Conte-Porras
Dr. Richard Cooke

Dr. Mireya D. Correa

Mr. Guido Craveri
Laudine and George Creighton
Feng Dashun
Ambassador Allen C. Davis
Ms. Diane DeBlois

Dr. Adolfo de Sostoa

Ms. Ana Maria de Vasquez
Mr. Warren W. Dexter
Ms. Joan Giffen Donahue
Mr. Laurence J. Dorr
Mrs. Helen Dossche

Mr. Richard Doty

Mr. Robert Dowling

Ms. Lynn Downey

Mr. William S. Dudley
Ms. Chris Dunn

Mr. Chris Ebigbo

Mr. Roger Edde

Ms. Judith Eglington
Ms. Annaleen Eins

262

Ms. Charlotte Elton

Mr. David Erhardt

Ms. Angele Etoundi Essamba
Mr. Eduardo Esquivel
Ms. Betty B. Faust

Mr. Marc Leo Felix

Mr. Larry Ferreiro

Ms. Anne M. Franks

Mr. Douglas Freund

Dr. Kimball L. Garrett
Dr. Anna Gradowska

Ms. Renee Guerin

Mr. Jorge Gumbe

Ms. Laura Gutierrez

Mr. Joseph P. Harahan
Ms. Elizabeth Harris

Dr. Robert D. Harris
Mrs. Eleanor C. Harvey
Mr. Stanley Heckadon
Mr. Wayne Henderson
Dr. Robert S. Hoffmann
Dr. Paul House

Mr. Ramon E. Howe

Dr. Kuang-Nan Huang
Mr. Andrei Dumitru Iacobas
Ms. Funke C. Ifeta

Mr. Krydz Ikwuemesi

Dr. Pascal James Imperato
Ms. Rose Issa

Dr. Dele Jegede

Dr. Veronika Jenke

Mr. Grady E. Jensen

Mr. Lars Christian Jenssen
Mr. David W. Johnston
Ms. Ann Juneau

Mr. Martin R. Kalfatovic
Mr. Roy Kausa

Ms. Sherry Kelley

Mr. David A. Kent

Mr. Shuji Komatsu

Mr. Karl J. Krapek

Mr. Daniel C. Krummes
Mr. Herbert Lachmayer
Mr. Richard W. Leche, Jr.
Ms. Gwendolen R. Leighty
Mr. Richard A. Leyes, II
Mr. John Liddell

Dr. Olga Linares

Dr. Glenn Loney

Ms. Eleonora Louis

Mr. Dennis M. Lyden
Mr. Robert A. Malone
Major R.K. Malort, Ret.
Mr. Joe T. Marshall, Jr.
Mr. Jean-Hubert Martin

Mr. Brian H. Mason

Mr. Michael D. Matthews
Ms. Pat McNees

Mr. James G. Mead

Mr. Charles Medearis
Mrs. Rachel L. Mellon
Ms. Louise Meyers

Ms. Virginia Minton

Dr. Max Mohl

Mr. Owen D. Mort, Jr.
Mrs. Lettie S. Multhauf
Mr. O. Odimayo

Mr. Ricardo Ojeda

Mc. Storrs L. Olson

Mr. Jack Padalino

Mr. J.B. Parker

Dr. Louis Perrois
Professor John Picton

Mr. Richard A. Postman
Dr. Robin Poynor

Dr. Maynard S. Raasch
Mr. Randy Rach

Mr. William Rand

Mr. Clayton E. Ray

Mrs. Nicholas C. Read
Mr. Robert K. Robbins
Mrs. Daphne Ross

Dr. Ira Rubinoff

Ms. Carmen T. Ruiz-Fischler
Ms. Elizabeth M. Sanchez
Mr. Angel D. Santiago
Dr. George B. Saunders
Mr. Alfredo Schael

Mr. Sven Scheiderbauer
Prof. Dr. Katesa Schlosser
Mr. Keith Fred Schmidt
Dr. Klaus Schneider

Mr. Carsten Schulz

Ms. Ruth Sexton

Mr. Andy Shanken

Mr. Joshua Shapiro

Ms. Courtney Shaw

Mr. David Shayt

Mr. Ky Siriki

Dr. Neal G. Smith

Mr. I. Gregory Sohn

Ms. Kate Southey

Mr. Roger Staiger, Jr.

Mr. David R. Stivers

Mr. Joseph Suarez

Mr. Paul M. Taylor

Ms. Jan Thies

Mr. Dale Thomas

Mrs. Mary Augusta Thomas
Mr. Dante Martins Tiexeira

Mr. Herbert A. Trenchard
Dr. Ing. Umberto Ucelli
Mr. Richard Vari

Ms. Mary Ellen Vehlow
Mrs. Jane Villa~Lobos

Mr. Alexander von Vegesack
Mr. Melvin J. Wachowiak
Dr. Roslyn A. Walker

Dr. Deborah J. Warner

Ms. Mary Jane West-Eberhard
Mr. John H. White

Ms. Lavonia Green Wiggins
Mr. Vince Wilcox

Dr. Ronald S. Wilkinson
Ms. Jeri Bernadette Williams
Dr. Elizabeth A. Willis

Mr. Frank H. Winter

Mr. Rainer Wirth

Dr. Norman E. Woodley
Mr. George Xanthakis

Ms. Diane T. Zinn

Mr. George R. Zug

Corporate Donations to the
Collection

The Africa Museum Foundation, The
Netherlands

Agencia Espanola de Cooperacion, Inter-
national, Republic of Panama

American Institute of the History of
Pharmacy, Madison, Wis.

Associacion Nacional Para La Conser-
vacion de La Naturaleza, Republic of
Panama

The Attic Studio, Clinton Corners, N.Y.

Bibliothek, Staatliches Museum fur
Volkerkunde, Munich, Germany

Binney & Smith, Inc., Easton, Penn.

CEASPA (Smithsonian Tropical Re-
search Institute), Republic of Panama

Centre d’Art Contemporain, Brussels,
Belgium

Consortium for International Develop-
ment, Washington, D.C.

E! Loko, Duisburg, Germany

Etnografisch Museum, Antwerp, Belgium

FAO—Departamento de Pesca, Rome,
Italy

Food and Agriculture Organization of
the United Nations, Rome, Italy

Forschungsinstitut und Natur-museum
Senckenbergische, Frankfurt,
Germany

Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisbon,
Portugal

Hawaiian Philatelic Society, Honolulu,
Hawaii

Instituto Frances de Estudios Andinos,
Santa Fe de Bogota, Colombia

Instituto Nacional de Pesca y Acui-
cultura, Santa Fe de Bogota,
Colombia

International Plant Genetic Resource
Institute, Rome, Italy

Ministerio de Salud, Republic of
Panama

Ministerio de Sanidad y Asistencia
Social, Aragua, Venezuela

Museo, Casa de la Moneda, Madrid,
Spain

National Imagery & Mapping Agency,
Bethesda, Md.

National Museum of American Jewish
History, Philadelphia, Penn.

Oak Spring Garden Foundation,
Upperville, Va.

Organizacion Panamerican de la Salud,
Washington, D.C.

Overseas Development Institute,
United Kingdom

President of the Republic of Colombia,
Colombia

S.M.A. Fathers, Tenafly, N.J.

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Bookstore, Panama City, Republic of
Panama

Staatliches Museum fur Volkerkune
Bibliothek, Munich, Germany

Taiwan Forestry Research Institute,
Taipei, Taiwan

UNESCO/Panama, Panama City and
Paris

United States Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D.C.

United States Department of the Interior,
Washington, D.C.

Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Smithsonian Institution
Traveling Exhibition
Service, SITES

Donors of Financial Support
$500,000 or more

Lila Wallace-Reader’s Digest Fund
Lockheed Martin Corporation
Nissan North America

Pfizer Inc

$100,000 or more

Time Warner Inc.
Turner Classic Movies

$50,000 or more

Banco Popular de Puerto Rico
United States Golf Association

$10,000 or more

Academy of Model Aeronautics

BP Amoco

Farmers Insurance Group

The Hearst Foundation

John S. and James L. Knight Foundation
Lalique North America, Inc.

Silver Dollar City, Inc.

Donors of In-Kind Support

Tamiya America, Inc. for On Miniature
Wings: Model Aircraft from the Nation-
al Air and Space Museum: model
aircraft for educational programming.

Office of Physical Plant

Donors of Financial Support
$100,000 or more

Lee Folger

$10,000 or more

Nina Keith

i)
oO
es)

Contributing
Members of the
Smithsonian

Institution in Fiscal

Year 1998

The Contributing Membership supports the Institution
through generous annual donations and special giving

opportunities. Members’ participation enables the
Smithsonian to pursue specific projects and broader re-

search, acquisition, preservation, and education efforts
than might otherwise be possible.

The Smithsonian Institution therefore gratefully ac-
knowledges the loyal and thoughtful assistance of the
Contributing Members, including Patron Members
($1,400 annual contribution), Sustaining Members
($700 annual contribution), and Sponsoring Members
($350 annual contribution), listed below.

The Smithsonian
Benefactors Circle

The Smithsonian Bene-
factors Circle recognizes
and honors those whose
generous gifts of
$100,000 or more have
preserved the traditions
of the Smithsonian and
furthered its vision.

Honorary Founder
Enid A. Haupt

Founders

Russell B. Aitken?

264

Joe L. and Barbara B.
Allbritton

Arthur G. Altschul

William S. Anderson

Mary Griggs Burke

Joan K. Davidson

Gaylord and Dorothy
Donnelley

Thomas M. Evans;

Katharine Graham

Robert C. and Julie Graham Jr.

Herbert Waide Hemphill Jr.7

William A.j and Patricia W.
Hewitt}

Ikuo Hirayama

Olga Hirshhorn

Ruth S. Holmberg

Samuel! C. Johnson

Marvin Breckinridge Parterson

Laura E. Phillipst+

S. Dillon and Mary L.
Ripleyt

Arthur Ross

Mrs. Arthur M. Sackler

Else Sackler

W. Mason and Jean D. Shehan

TT. Tsui

Glenn O. Tupper

Patrons

Ronald D. and Anne
Abramson

Ann Simmons Alspaugh

Peter C. and Joan Andrews

Marjorie Arundel

Herbert and Evelyn Axelrod

Edward P. Bass

Patricia and Kenneth E.
Behring

Randy and Nancy Best

Peter and Helen Bing

James and Barbara Block

Winton and Carolyn Blounr

Agnes C. Bourne and James
Luebbers

Michael J. Brophy

Hildegard Bruck

Joan Bull

George E. Burch III

Vivian G. Burch

Michael W. Cassidy

Scott Chinery

Marcus Cohn

Barber B. Conable Jr. and
Charlotte Conable

Guido Craveri

Joseph F. Cullman III

Peggy and Richard M.
Danziger

David L. Davies

Evelyn Y. Davis

David and Frances Dibner

Charles M. and Valerie T.
Diker

Joseph Di Palma

Anne G. Earhart

Barney A. Ebsworth

Robert H. Ellsworth

John L. and Margot P. Ernst

Kitty Fassert

Nancy Fessenden

Kathrine, Juliet, and Lee
Folger

Rita Fraad

John A. Friede

Phillip and Patricia Frost

Tito Giamporcaro

Daniel D. and Alice P.
Gilbert

George J. and Eileen D.
Gillespie

FE Warrington Gillet Jr. and
Elesabeth I. Giller

Alfred C. Glassell Jr.

Alvin L. Gray

Jerome L. Greene

Barrick W. Groom

Agnes S. Gund

George Gund III

Karl H. Hagen

Joan D. Haig

Evelyn A.J. Hall

Gloria Shaw Hamilton

Marguerite J. Harbert

Martha A. Healy

Drue M. Heinz

John Hendricks

Lloyd Herman

Henry L. and Elsie H.
Hillman

Frank W. and Lisina M. Hoch

Janet Annenberg Hookery

Sir Joseph Hotung

John R. Huggard

Mrs. Jaquelin H. Hume

Gilbert S. Kahn

Jacob and Ruth C. Kainen

Victor and Loretta Kaufman

Gene A. and Freita F Keluche

James M. Kemper Jr.

R. Crosby Kemper Jr.

James W. and Mary T.
Kinnear

Ann and Gilbert Kinney

Ethel Niki Kominik7

William K. and Alice S.
Konze

Karl V. Krombein

Harvey M. and Connie
Krueger

Robert E. and Elizabeth
Krueger

Robert and Helen Kuhn

Rogerio S. Lam

Ru Lennox Langy

Robert and Carrie Lehrman

+Deceased

Jerome and Dorothy
Lemelson

Barbara and Gerald Levin

Sydney and Frances Lewis

John Livermore

Putnam Livermore

Henry Luce II

Frank J. Lukowski

Barbara A. Mandel

Harry and Beverly Mandil

Edwin S. and Nancy A. Marks

John F. and Adrienne B. Mars

Brooks and Hope B.+
McCormick

Nan Tucker McEvoy

Katherine Medlinger and
Ervin

Himmelfarb

Antony M. Merck

Eugene and Sue Mercy Jr.

Jeffery W. and Janet Meyer

James and Lolly Mitchell

Lester S. Morse Jr. and Enid
W. Morse

The Hon. Daniel Patrick
Moynihan

and Elizabeth Moynihan

Charles T. and Nancy
Munger

Eleanor Smallwood Niebell

Jean Niemeier

Robert H. and Nancy Nooter

Marta G. Norman

Carroll and Nancy Fields
O'Connor

Charles Rand Penney

Al and Cecilia Podell

Winifred and Norman
Portenoy

Lewis and Margaret Ranieri

Philip D. Reed Jr. and
Elizabeth Reed

Douglas F. and Sanae I.
Reeves

Frank K. Ribelin

Carlyn Ring

David Rockefeller Sr.

Elihu Rose and Susan Rose

Anton H. Rosenthal and
Ruth E. Ganister

Milton F. and Frieda
Rosenthal

Wilbur L. Ross Jr.

Jeanette Cantrell Rudy

Cecile Salomon

Joseph H. Samuel Jr.

Mrs. Stanley P. Sax

Lloyd G. and Betty L.
Schermer

Margaret Knowles Schink

Richard J. and Sheila
Schwartz

Catherine F. Scott

Ivan and Nina Selin

Shirley P. Sichel

Emma M. Sims

James C. Slaughter

George L. Small

Kathy Daubert Smith

Bernie E. Stadiem

Mrs. Sydney Stein Jr.

E. Hadley Stuart Jr. and
Marion Stuart

A. Alfred Taubman

Vernon F. Taylor Jr.

Eugene V. and Clare E. Thaw

Jeffrey and Diane Tobin

R.E. Turner and Jane Fonda

Ladislaus and Beatrix von
Hoffmann

John Weeden

Daniel Weinstein

Nancy Brown Wellin

Anthony and Beatrice W.
Welters

Jerry R.j and Carolyn L.
White

Julius Wile

Warren and Barbara
Winiarski

Ronald H. Winston and
Heidi Jensen-Winston

Elizabeth B. Wood

Gay F. Wray

Nancy B. Zirkle

Donors of Financial
Support

$1,000,000 or more

Anonymous

Herbert and Evelyn Axelrod

The Kenneth E. Behring
Family

The Boeing Company

7 Deceased

The Emil Buehler Trust

Discover Card Services, Inc.

FDX Corporation

Mrs. Katherine M. Graham

The Conrad N. Hilton
Foundation

Polo Ralph Lauren
Corporation

Lemelson Family Foundarion*

Lockheed Martin Corporation

Mashantucker Pequot Tribal

Nation of Connecticut

National Association of
Music Merchants

Nippon Foundation

Nordic Council of Ministers

The Pew Charitable Trusts

Scottsdale Cultural Council

$500,000 or more

Anonymous

The Art Research Foundation

Morris & Gwendolyn Cafritz
Foundation

E. Rhodes & Leona B.
Carpenter Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Richard M.
Danziger

Discovery Communications,
Inc.

Friends of the National Zoo

Hewlett-Packard Company

The Robert Wood Johnson
Foundation

The Kresge Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Gerald M.
Levin

The John D. & Catherine T.
MacArthur Foundation

Nissan Motor Corporation
US.A.

Susan and Elihu Rose
Foundation

Dr. and Mrs. Ivan Selin

Shell Prospecting &
Development (Peru) B.V.

$100, 000 or more

Anonymous

Mr. and Mrs. Joe L.
Allbritron (Allbritton
Foundation)

Alumax, Inc.

American Express Company
ASARCO Incorporated
AT&T Corporation

Avery Dennison Corporation

Mr. and Mrs. James A. Block

Agnes Bourne

BP America Inc.

Centro Alameda, Inc.

Cessna Aircraft Company

The Chase Manhattan Bank

Mr. and Mrs. Charles M.
Diker (Valerie and Charles
Diker Fund)

Dow Chemical Company

DuPont

Earthwatch

Enron/Enron Oil & Gas
International

Fieldstead & Company

The Ford Foundation

The Freed Foundation

The Philip L. Graham Fund

Mr. Alvin Gray (Alvin,
Lottie & Rachel Gray
Fund)

Mary Livingston Griggs and
Mary Griggs Burke
Foundation

Mr. George Gund III

Mrs. Gloria Shaw Hamilton*

Mr. and Mrs. John S.
Hendricks

Frank and Lisina Hoch*

Mr. and Mrs. A. William
Holmberg*

Honda of North America

Intel Corporation

Jewelers of America

John S. and James L. Knight
Foundation

Lalique North America, Inc.

Carrie and Robert Lehrman

The Henry Luce Foundation,
Inc.

Maharam

Mr. and Mrs. John F. Mars
(Mars Incorporated)

Andrew W. Mellon
Foundation

Merck Company Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Mercy Jr.

*Denotes a gift to the Fund for
the Future, a citizens’ initiative co
raise endowment funds, both
unrestricted and special purpose.

265

Monsanto Fund

Enid and Lester Morse
(Morse Family
Foundation)

Mr. and Mrs. Charles T.
Munger (Alfred C.
Munger Foundation)

National Business Aviation
Association

Pfizer Inc

Philippine Centennial
Foundation USA

Regional Citizens Advisory
Council, Inc.

James Renwick Alliance

Rockefeller Foundation

Shaw Contract Group

Shell Oil Company

Mrs. Warren H. Sichel

Smithsonian Women's
Committee

Ms. Elizabeth H. Solomon
(Sweet Meadow Fund)

The Starr Foundation

The Sulzberger Foundarion,
Inc.

Time Warner Inc.

Timex Corporation

Trimble Navigation Limited

Mr. Robert E. Turner III
(Turner Foundation, Inc.)

VWAR Scientific Products

Nancy Brown Wellin (The
Brown Foundation)

Warren and Barbara
Winiarski

Mr. John R. Young (Florence
J. Gould Foundation)

Zoologische Gesellschaft

$50,000 or more

Anonymous

Altman Foundation

Anheuser-Busch Companies

AT&T Foundation

Banco Popular de Puerto
Rico

Mrs. Christine Allen and
Ms. Anne

Zetterberg (The Bedminster
Fund, Inc.)

Dr. and Mrs. Peter S. Bing

Booth Ferris Foundation

266

Brother International
Corporation

Carolina Biological Supply
Company

Case Corporation

Champion International
Corporation

The Chase Manhattan
Corporation

Choice Hotels International,
Inc.

Computerworld Information

Technology Awards
Foundation, Inc.

Conoco Inc.

Consolidated Natural Gas
Company

Council for Advancement &
Support of Education

Ms. Allison Stacey Cowles
and Mr. Arthur Ochs
Sulzberger (The Sulzberger
Foundation)*

Crate & Barrel

Mr. and Mrs. Joseph F.
Cullman III*

Dayton Hudson Corporation

Delta Education

Clarence & Anne Dunwalke
Trust

Fannie Mae Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Hart Fessenden

Fidelity Foundation

George Mason University

Goldman, Sachs and
Company

Mrs. Ruth C. Greenberg

The Greenwich Workshop, Inc.

Henry Foundation

Herman Miller, Inc.

Hughes Network Systems

IBM Corporation

Mr. and Mrs. Samuel C.
Johnson

Mr. and Mrs. Victor Kaufman

Mr. Harvey M. Krueger

Mr. Rogerio S. Lam

Metropolitan Life Foundation

Eugene and Agnes E. Meyer
Foundation

Mr. Jeffery W. Meyer

Mobil Corporation

The New York Community
Trust—The Island Fund

Mr. Peter Norton (Peter
Norton Foundation)

Mr. and Mrs. Carroll
O'Connor (Carroll and
Nancy O'Connor
Foundation)

Pacific Life Foundation

Mrs. Jefferson Patterson*

Pennzoil Company

Pratt and Whitney

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Mr. Arthur Ross (Arthur
Ross Foundation)

Victoria P. and Roger W.
Sant (The Summit
Charitable Foundation,
Inc.)

Mr. B. Francis Saul I (Chevy
Chase Bank)

Margaret Knowles Schink

Ms. Harriet L. Schwartz
(Harriet Schwartz &
Associates, Inc.)

Seiko Epson Corporation

Shell International
Petroleum Company Ltd.

The Gertrude E. Skelly
Charitable Foundation

Mr. Robert C. Tang, Q.C.

Target Stores, the
Department Store,
Division and Mervyn's by
the Dayton Hudson
Corporation

Time Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Anthony
Welters*

Xerox Corporation

$10,000 or more

Anonymous

Abbort Laboratories Fund

ABC, Inc.

Sir Valentine Abdy

Mr. Roger Abelson

The Abington Foundation

Academy of Model
Aeronautics

The Ahmanson Foundation

Alascom

Mrs. Kathleen B. Allaire

Allen & Company
Incorporated

Ms. Charmay B. Allred

Alyeska Pipeline Service
Company

American Business for
Environmental Leadership

American Federation of
Teachers

The American Foundation
for Textile Art, Inc.

American Petroleum
Institute

The American University

American Zoo & Aquarium
Association

Mr. Harold V. Andersen

Mr. and Mrs. Andrew
Anderson III

Applied Energy Services, Inc.

Arthur Andersen and
Company LLP

ASE Americas, Inc.

Ashron-Potter Ltd.

Association of Pakistani
Physicians of North
America

Autodesk Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Balzer

Banco Popular

Bankers Trust Company

The Beinecke Foundation,
Inc.

Bell Atlantic Corporation

The Hon. and Mrs. Max N.
Berry

Mr. and Mrs. Jack S. Blanton
(Scurlock Foundation)

Mr. and Mrs. John M.
Bradley*

Mr. and Mrs. Stephen F.
Brauer (Stephen F. and
Camilla T. Brauer
Charitable Trust)

Bristol-Myers Squibb
Company

BROAN a division of
NORTEK

Mr. Gerald E. Buck (Buck
Investments)

Ms. Joan Bull

Bunge Corporation

Charles E. Burchfield
Foundation

*Denotes a gift to the Fund for
the Furure, a citizens’ initiative to
raise endowment funds, both
unrestricted and special purpose.

Ms. Uschi Butler

Capital Re

Mr. and Mrs. James R.
Cargill

Mr. Oliver T. Carr

Castle Rock Entertainment

Mrs. Nancy Castle

Carerpillar, Inc.

The Hon. Henry E. Catto
(Catto Foundation)

Cisco Systems, Inc.

Citibank N.A.

Mr. and Mrs. Peter Claussen

The Coca-Cola Company

Harryette Cohn Fund

The Colbert Foundation, Inc.

Mr. Lester Colbert Jr.

Dr. John P. Comstock
(Abigail Van Vleck
Charitable Trust)

Mr. and Mrs. Peter R.
Coneway (Coneway
Family Foundation)

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas E.
Congdon

Conservation, Food &
Health Foundation, Inc.

Coopers & Lybrand, LLP

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas G.
Cousins (Cousins
Foundation, Inc.)

Drs. William H. and Isabella
C.M. Cunningham

Cyprus Amax Minerals
Company

Dade Community
Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Frank A.
Daniels Jr. (Julia and
Frank Daniels Fund)

Mr. David L. Davies
(Davies/Weeden Fund)
Mr. and Mss. Carl B. Davis

S. Sydney DeYoung
Foundation

Mr. Joseph A. Di Palma

Mr. and Mrs. David Dibner
(The Dibner Fund, Inc.)

Mr. Barry Diller (USA
Networks Foundarion, Inc.)

Discover Financial Services,
Inc.

The Walt Disney Company

Mr. Donald J. Douglass (The
Douglass Foundation)

The Max and Victoria
Dreyfus Foundation Inc.

Duggal Color Projects, Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. William C.
Dutton*

Mrs. Anne C. Earhart (The
Homeland Foundation)

The Eberly Foundation and
The Eberly Family Trust

Ebrahimi Family Foundation

Mr. Barney A. Ebsworth (The
Ebsworth Foundation)

Mr. Dean S. Edmonds III
(Dean S. Edmonds
Foundation)

Electric Power Research
Institute

Empire State Development
Corporation

Encad, Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. John Ernst
(Richard C. & Susan B.
Ernst Foundation Inc.)

Exxon Corporation

The Feinberg Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. George M.
Ferris Jr. (George M.
Ferris Jr. Foundation)

Elizabeth Firestone-Graham
Foundation

Ella Fitzgerald Charitable
Foundation

Reuben H. Fleet Foundation
Fund

Fleetwood Enterprises, Inc.

Ms. Barbara G. Fleischman

Mrs. Leslie S. Fogg III

Mr. John Dulin Folger

Juliet and Lee Folger (The
Folger Fund)*

Forstmann Little & Company

Mrs. Joanne Foster

Mrs. Daniel Fraad

Mr. James S. Frank

Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. Fri

Fundacién Smithsonian de
Panama

Ms. Caroline D. Gabel

Mrs. Aileen Garrett

Mr. William Gates III
(William H. Gates
Foundation)

General Atlantic Partners, LLC

General Electric Aircraft
Engines

Mr. David W. Gengler

Georgia Tech Foundation,
Inc.

Mr. Bert A. Getz (Globe
Foundation)

Mr. and Mrs. Alfred C.
Glassell Jr.

The Gold Institute

Government Development
Bank for Puerto Rico

The Ansley I. Graham Trust

Greening America

Mr. and Mrs. Patrick W.
Gross

Mr. and Mrs. Peter E. Haas Sr.
(Miriam & Peter Haas Fund)

Hair Research Society

Ms. Emiko Hakuta

Mr. Hugh Halff Jr.

Florence P. Hamilton
Foundation Agency

The Phil Hardin Foundation

Mr. Alan Hartman

HBO & Company

Mrs. Patrick Healy Il] (M.A.
Healy Family Foundation,
Inc.)

Mr. J. Roderick Heller III

Mr. Robert F Hemphill Jr.

Mr. Brian C. McK.
Henderson

Mr. Alan J. Hirschfield

Volker Hollmann-
Schirrmacher

Hong Kong Economic &
Trade Office

Mr. and Mrs. S. Roger
Horchow

Mr. Rampa R. Hormel

Mr. and Mrs. Raymond J.
Horowitz

Hughes Aircraft Company

ILA Foundation, Chicago

Imperial Wallcoverings, Inc.

Interface Inc.

International Paper Company

Johnson Matthey

J.M. Kaplan Fund, Inc.

Mr. Gene A. Keluche
(Communication
Resources, Inc.)

Mr. and Mrs. Dwight M.
Kendall

Klein & Saks, Inc.

Kmart Corporation

Mrs. Marie L. Knowles
KOLBUS America Inc.
KPMG Peat Marwick

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Krissel

Mr. and Mrs. Robert E.
Krueger (Peter Krueger-
Christie's Foundation)

Ms. Elaine La Roche

Mrs. Emily Fisher Landau

Lannan Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Philip A.
Lathrap

Lee Enterprises, Inc.

Mr. Thomas H. Lee

Mr. Robert B. Lehrman
(Jacob & Charlotte
Lehrman Foundation, Inc.)

Lemberg Foundation, Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Melvin Lenkin
(Thelma & Melvin Lenkin
Family Charitable

Foundation Inc.)

Levi Strauss & Company

Mr. and Mrs. Aaron Levine
(Law Offices—Aaron M.
Levine)

William & Nora Lichtenberg
Foundation, Inc.

Mrs. Gail K. Liebes

The Link Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. R. Robert
Linowes (R. Robert
Linowes and Ada H.
Linowes Fund)

Mr. and Mrs. Robert E.
Linton

Lockheed Martin Missiles &
Space

Joe and Emily Lowe
Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Donald G.
Lubin (The Barr Fund)

Mr. & Mrs. Peter Lunder

Mrs. Elizabeth S. MacMillan

Ms. Holly Madigan
(Madigan Family
Foundation)

Mr. and Mrs. Frank N.
Magid (Frank N. Magid
Associates, Inc.)

Mr. and Mrs. Robert H.
Malott

Nancy and Edwin Marks
(The Marks Family
Foundation)

Marpat Foundation, Inc.

Mr. Frank Martucci

Masco Corporation

Mr. Richard Meier (The
Richard Meier Foundation)

Merck & Co., Inc.

Merck Institute for Science
Education

Merrill Lynch & Co.
Foundation, Inc.

LuEsther T. Mertz Fund

Metropolitan Center for
Eastern Art Studies

The Robert & Bethany
Millard Charitable
Foundation

Min Chiu Society

Missouri Botanical Garden

Monsanto Company

J.P. Morgan & Company, Inc.

Mrs. Yoshiko Mori

Mr. Mario M. Morino (Mario
Morino Fund)

Mr. John M. Morss

Mr. Rupert Murdoch

Museo de Arte

Museum Loan Network

NAMSB Foundation, Inc.

National Association of
Secondary School
Principals

National Education
Association

National Geographic Society

National Postal Forum

National Rerail Federation

NationsBank Fund,
Charitable Foundation

Natural Heritage Trust

New York Power Authority

New York Stock Exchange,
Inc.

Newmont Mining
Corporation

Mrs. Paul M. Niebell! Sr.

El Nuevo Dia

Oasis Clinic, a division of
CMAC, Inc.

Orbital Sciences Corporation

Orkin Pest Control

Ms. Virginia J. Ortega

Mr. and Mrs. David M. Osnos

Ostrolenk, Faber, Berb &
Soffen, LLP

268

PaineWebber Group
Incorporated

Peabody Holding Company,
Inc.

Mr. Gerald P. Peters (Gerald
Peters Gallery Inc.)

Mrs. Elizabeth H. Pfister

Phillips Petroleum Company

The Pinkerton Foundation

Pioneer Hi-Bred International

Mr. and Mrs. Abe Pollin

Hazen Polsky Foundation,
Inc.

Dr. and Mrs. Meyer P.
Potamkin

Mr. and Mrs. William Porter
(Wm. A. & Ronnie N.
Potter Philanthropic Fund)

Mr. and Mrs. Heinz C.
Prechter (World Heritage
Foundation)

Prentice Hall Computer
Publishing

Mrs. Charles H. Price II

Purina Mills

Quantum Corporation

Mr. and Mrs. Harvey W.
Rambach

RCPI Trust

The Christopher Reynolds
Foundation

Mr. Edward Hart Rice (The
Rice Family Foundation,
Inc.)

Ms. Ann R. Roberts

Mr. John R. Robinson

Sara Roby Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. William D.
Rollnick (William D. and
Nancy Ellison Rollnick
Foundation)

Mr. Samuel G. Rose

Mr. and Mrs. Samuel J.
Rosenfeld

Mrs. Polly Rubin

The May and Samuel Rudin
Family Foundation

Mrs. Arthur M. Sackler

The Saint Paul Foundation

Samsung America, Inc.

SBC Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd G.
Schermer (Philip and
Henrietta Adler
Foundation)

Ms. Helen G. Schneider

Mr. Richard J. Schwartz
(David Schwartz
Foundation, Inc.)

Searle

Securities Industry
Association, Inc.

Nina & Ivan Selin Family
Foundation, Inc.

Sequent Computer Systems,
Inc.

Mr. Harezo Shimizu

Showtime The Movie
Channel

Siemens Hearing Instruments

Mr. and Mrs. David M.
Silfen (David & Lyn Silfen
Foundation)

Silver Dollar City Inc.

Mr. Theodore J. Slavin

Mr. and Mrs. Franchon M.
Smithson

Irene Sorrough

Sprint

Mr. and Mrs. Terry Stent

Jennie Stoddard Charitable
Trust Fund

Ms. Helen D’Olier Stowell

Mr. Kelso F. Sutton

TAAPI

Tamiya America, Inc.

Dr. and Mrs. Paul Tarver
(Tarver Family Fund)

A. Alfred Taubman
(Taubman Endowment for
the Arts)

Teknion, Inc.

Ms. Ann Tenenbaum

Texaco

Thacher Proffitt and Wood

Thaw-Collection-Fenimore
House Museum

Time Warner, Inc.

Ms. Rita Tishman
(Norman-Rita Tishman
Fund, Inc.)

Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A.,
Inc.

Troop Steuber Pasich
Reddick & Tobey, LLP

Unico Banking Group

Unite!

U.S.-Mexico Fund for
Culture

The Vantive Corporation

Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen &
Katz

Wallis Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. John T. Walton

Mr. and Mrs. Milton H.
Ward

Warren Wilson College

Washington Gas Light Co.

The Washington Post
Company

Mr. John D. Weeden
(Davies/Weeden Fund)

Ellen Bayard Weedon
Foundation

Mrs. Eileen A. Wells

WEM Foundation

Herbert B. West Fund

The Wildlife Conservation
Fund of The Walt Disney
Company

Wisconsin Sesquicentennial
Commission

Ms. Estelle R. Wolf

Mr. James D. Wolfensohn
(Wolfensohn Family
Foundation)

Woohak Cultural Foundation

World Wide Fund for
Nature Malaysia

World Wildlife Fund-UK

Mrs. Gay F. Wray (Roger S.
Firestone Foundation)

Mr. Robert Zapart

Mrs. Nancy Behrend Zirkle

Zurich Kemper Investments

$5,000 or more

Anonymous

A&H Sportswear Co., Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Ronald D.
Abramson

Dr. and Mrs. Bruce M.
Alberts

Ms. Ann Simmons Alspaugh

Mr. Arthur G. Altschul
(Overbrook Foundation)

American Investment
Company

Amtrend Corporation

J. Aron Charitable
Foundation, Inc.

Mr. Arthur W. Arundel
(AWA Family Foundation)

Asian Cultural Council, Inc.

Bajaj Family Foundation

Mr. Michael Baly II

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas W.
Barwick

Mr. Riley P. Bechtel (Bechtel
Foundation)

Mr. and Mrs. William
Beierwaltes

Bell Atlantic Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Robert H.
Bloom

Bloomberg Financial
Markets, Commodities
and News

Laura Boulton Foundation Inc.

Mrs. Fleur S. Bresler

Mr. Eli Broad (The Eli Broad
Family Foundation)

Ms. Sheridan Brown (The
Sheridan Brown Fund)

Mr. and Mrs. John B. Bunker

The Calvin Klein Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. David V. Capes

Ms. Elizabeth Catto

Dorothy Jordan Chadwick
Fund

The Chase Manhattan
Foundation

Chevron Corporation

Mr. and Mrs. Willard G.
Clark

The Hon. Barber B. Conable Jr.

Ms. Nancy L. Connor

The Council for Excellence
in Government

Cousins Foundation, Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Roger E. Covey

Mr. Eldon Crowell

Mr. H. King Cummings
(King and Jean Cummings
Charitable Trust)

Edward S. Curtis Foundation

Deloitte & Touche LLP

Denver Zoological
Foundation, Inc.

Dewey Ballantine LLP

Mr. and Mrs. Charles D.
Dickey Jr.

En Pointe Technologies

J. Epstein Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. George J. Fan
(Katherine and George
Fan Foundation)

Federal National Mortgage
Association

Alfred and Harriet Feinman
Foundation

Mr. Bertram Fields and Ms.
Barbara Guggenheim

Mrs. Dielle Fleischmann
(The Monomoy Fund)

Mr. Thomas G. Flynn
(Bechtel Foundation)

Ms. Anne Forbes

Mrs. Daniel Fraad (Rita &
Daniel Fraad Foundation,
Inc.)

Mr. and Mrs. Morton Funger

Ms. Nely Galan (gaLAn
entertainment)

General Re Corporation

Geo-Etka, Inc.

The Hon. Sumner Gerard
(Sumner Gerard
Foundation)

The German Marshall Fund
of che United States

Mr. and Mrs. Gordon P.
Getty (Ann & Gordon
Getty Foundation)

Mrs. John T. Gibson

Ms. Catherine S. Gidlow

Mr. George J. Gillespie III

Dr. Margaret Goodman

Ms. Elizabeth Gordon

Grey Advertising, Inc.

Mr. W.L. Hadley Griffin

Ms. Agnes S. Gund (Agnes
Gund Charitable Account)

Mr. and Mrs. Robert D.
Haas (San Francisco
Foundation)

Mr. and Mrs. Ben
Hammett

Harnischfeger Industries Inc.

Hawthorn Corp.

Mrs. Drue M. Heinz

Mr. Paul Hertelendy (Gramp
Foundation)

Dr. W. Ronald Heyer

Mr. Samuel J. Heyman

Mr. and Mrs. Frederick Hill
(Berry-Hill Galleries, Inc.)

The Clarence and Jack
Himmel Foundation

Mrs. Joseph Hirshhorn (Olga
& Joseph H. Hirshhorn
Foundation, Inc.)

Mr. and Mrs. Noriyoshi
Horiuchi

Interchange Standards
Corporation

Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. James

Mr. and Mrs. Bruce E. Karatz

The Katzenberger
Foundation, Inc.

Mr. Walcer Keating

Mr. and Mrs. William G.
Kerr (The Robert S. &
Grayce B. Kerr
Foundation, Inc.)

Mr. and Mrs. James W.
Kinnear

Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert H.
Kinney

Mr. Werner H. Kramarsky
(The Fifth Floor
Foundation)

Ladies Auxiliary to the VFW
of U.S.

Mr. and Mrs. James J. Lally

Mr. and Mrs. Jon Landau

Ms. Hilva Baillie Landsman
(A.R. Landsman
Foundation, Inc.)

Alvin S. Lane, Esq. (The Alvin
S. Lane Family Fund)

The Lasa Foundation

Dr. Thomas Lawton

The Hon. and Mrs. Marc
Leland (Marc E. Leland
Foundation)

Ms. Sandy Lerner

Mrs. Howard W. Lipman
(Howard & Jean Lipman
Foundation, Inc.)

Littleton Coin and Stamp
Company

Mrs. Jean Mahoney

Malden Mills Industries

Barbara and Morton Mandel
(Morton and Barbara
Mandel Family
Foundation)

Margery and Edgar Masinter
(Margery and Edgar
Masinter Fund)

Mrs. Nan Tucker McEvoy
(Nan Tucker McEvoy
Foundation, Inc.)

Mr. and Mrs. John F.
McGuigan

MCJ Foundation

Mr. Robert L. McNeil Jr. (The
Barra Foundation, Inc.)

Mr. and Mrs. Michael A.
Mennello

Dr. and Mrs. Samuel C.
Miller

Dr. Allen M. Mondzac

Mr. and Mrs. Paul S. Morgan

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas D.
Mullins

Mystic Stamp Company

National Society of the
Children of the American
Revolution

NationsBank, N.A.

Neuberger & Berman

Mr. and Mrs. Lucio A. Noto

Ralph E. Ogden Foundation,
Inc.

Orange County Museum of
Art

Onmono Interiors

Mr. and Mrs. Gerald L.
Pearson (Pearson Art
Foundation, Inc.)

Mr. James E. Pehta

J.C. Penney Company, Inc.

PEPCO

Phelps Dodge Corporation

Philip Morris Companies,
Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Frank N.
Piasecki

Podesta Associates, Inc.

Mrs. John Alexander Pope

Ms. Kathleen A. Preciado

Puerto Rico Federal Affairs
Administration

Mr. and Mrs. Morris S.
Pynoos

The Henry & Henrietta
Quade Foundation

The Reader's Digest
Association, Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Philip D. Reed
Jr. (Reed Foundation)

Sanae I. and Douglas F.
Reeves

Mary Livingston Ripley
Charitable Lead Trust*

Dr. and Mrs. Kenneth X.
Robbins

Karol Kirberger Rodriguez

Mr. and Mrs. Richard Roob

Theodore Roosevelt
Association

Mrs. Lucile Rosenbaum

269

Mr. Robert Rosenkranz and
Ms. Alexandra Munroe
(The Rosenkranz
Foundation)

Benjamin J. Rosenthal
Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Milton F.
Rosenthal

Helena Rubinstein
Foundation

Mary A.H. Rumsey
Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Clive Runnells

Dr. Elizabeth Sackler

Mrs. Else Sackler

Mr. and Mrs. James Sams
(The James & Betty Sams
Family Foundation)

Mrs. Diane Schafer

Shandwick

Kathy Daubert Smith

Mr. Ira Spanierman

Mrs. Ann M. Stack

Stag’s Leap Wine Cellars

Mr. and Mrs. Michael H.
Steinhardt (The Judy &
Michael Steinhardt
Foundation)

Mr. Leon Strauss (Strauss
Charitable Fund)

Mrs. H. William Tanaka
(H. William Tanaka and
Lily Y. Tanaka
Foundation)

Trizechahn Centers
Managemenr, Inc.

U.S. Airways Group Inc.

Van-American Insurance
Company

Mr. Lucien Van de Velde

Veterans of Foreign Wars of
the U.S.

Mrs. Beatrice A. von
Gontard

The Hon. and Mrs. Frank A.
Weil (Hickrill
Foundation, Inc.)

Wenner-Gren Foundation
for Anthropological
Research

WGBH Educational
Foundation

Mr. Richard E. Whalen and
Ms. Nancy Mattson

Mr. William F. Whalen

270

Mr. Eli Wilner and Ms.
Barbara Brennan (Eli
Wilner & Company, Inc.)

Winn Feline Foundation

Robert H. Winn Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. T. Evans
Wyckoff (TEW
Foundation)

$2,000 or more

Anonymous

Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Abeles
(Joseph and Sophia Abeles
Foundation)

Mr. Davey L. Adams, Jr.

Mr. Warren J. Adelson

Alabama Zoological Society

The Aleut Corporation

Aleutian Pribilof Islands
Association, Inc.

ALFA

American Express
Foundation

American Hospital
Association

Anne Corporation

Applied Electronics (OEM)
Lrd.

ARCO Foundation, Inc.

Arquitectonica International
Corp.

BankAmerica Foundation

Ms. Donna Barnett

Harry Bass Foundation

Bell & Howell Phillipsburg
Co.

Mr. and Mss. Berry Bergman
(BJNB Foundation, Inc.)

Bishop Museum

BMW of North America,
Inc.

Mrs. Esther S. Bondareff

Book-of-the-Month Club,
Inc.

Mrs. Howard Booth

Booz Allen & Hamilton

Mrs. Ruth Bowman (Ruth
Bowman Philanthropic
Fund of the Jewish
Communal Fund)

Mrs. Teresa Bressler

The British Embassy

Broadcast Music, Inc.

Dr. Irving F. Burton

Central Pacific Bank

Mrs. Hope S. Childs

Dr. and Mrs. Timothy W.
Childs

Citicorp

Mr. and Mrs. Brice M. Clagett

Coat & Suit Industry Trust
Fund

Coeur d’Alene Mines
Corporation

Mrs. Joan Lebold Cohen

Mr. and Mrs. Edwin I. Colodny

Conservation Treaty Support
Fund

Corning Inc.

Ms. Harriett M. Crosby

Dr. Worth B. Daniels Jr.
(The Jane & Worth B.
Daniels Jr. Fund)

Dart Industries, Inc.

Dartmouth College

Mrs. Dorothy S. Davidson

Mr. and Mrs. George C.
Dillon

Docent Council of Freer
Gallery

Ms. Mary F. Dominiak

Mr. and Mrs. Dale F. Dorn
(Joseph H. Thompson
Fund)

Educational Broadcasting
Corporation

Mr. and Mrs. James G.
Evans Jr.

Mrs. Myron S. Falk Jr.

Ms. Patricia H. Falk

Mrs. Norman Farquhar

Mr. and Mrs. Arthur A. Feder

Dr. and Mrs. Horace Feldman

Dr. Alan Fern and Mrs. Lois
Fern

First National Bank of
Anchorage

Mr. Paul C. Fisher

Dr. James Marston Fitch

Dr. Oliver S. Flint Jr.

Mary and Henry Flynt

Folk Alliance

Folklore Society of Greater
Washington

Ms. Rosemary L.
Frankeberger

Dr. and Mrs. Peter A.
Freeman (The Hull
Family Trust)

Ms. Ellen L. Frost and
Mr. William F. Pedersen

Fulbright & Jaworski

General Electric Company

Dr. Kurt A. Gitter and
Ms. Alice Yelen

Global Communications
Network

Mr. Leslie H. Goldberg
(Leslie Goldberg Charity
Fund)

Mr. Robert C. Graham Jr.

Mr. Victor Grahn

Ms. Lumina Greenway

Mrs. Heather Sturt Haaga

Mr. John M. Haddow (Rita
C. & John M. Haddow
Family Foundation)

Mr. and Mrs. George W.
Haldeman

Hannoch Weisman

Mr. and Mrs. Erwin Harris

The Hon. and Mrs. John W.
Hechinger Sr.

Mr. Norris Hekimian

The Hon. and Mrs. Richard
M. Helms

Mr. and Mrs. William G.
Herbster

Mr. and Mrs. FW. Herlicz

Mr. and Mrs. David Hess

Ms. Robyn Horn

Sir Joseph E. Hotung

Howard University Hospital

Mr. John K. Howat

Illinois Tool Works
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David and Pat Jernigan

Mr. and Mrs. Philip C.
Jessup Jr.

Johnson & Johnson

Mr. and Mrs. Stanton Jue

Mr. David Woods Kemper
II, Mr. and Mrs. James M.
Kemper Jr. (The David
Woods Kemper Memorial
Foundation)

Ken Smith and Associates

Ms. Marie-Louise Kennedy

Kerr-McGee Corporation

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Mr. and Mrs. Robert P.
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Mrs. Alice S. Konze (Alice
Stockton Konze Fund)

Embassy of Korea

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(Skycraft, Inc.)

Mr. and Mrs. James D.
Krissel

Mr. Jatinder Kumar, trustee
of APCA

Mr. Albert G. Lauber Jr. and
Mr. Craig W. Hoftman

Dr. Timothy Lehmann

Leica, Inc.

Drs. Edmund and Julie Lewis

Mr. and Mrs. Robert V.
Lindsay

Lippincott & Margulies

Long Bow Group, Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Yo-Yo Ma

Mars Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Tom Marsh

Dr. Wayne N. Mathis

The Hon. James A. McClure
(McClure for U.S. Senator
Committee)

Mr. and Mrs. William P.
McClure

Mrs. Priscilla M. McDougal

Mr. Terence McInerney

Mr. and Mrs. Arnold B.
McKinnon

Mr. Paul Mellon

Mr. and Mrs. John R. Menke

Metropolitan Center for Far
Eastern Art Studies

Mexican Government
Tourism Office

Dianne and Kenneth Miller

Mr. George Miller

Mrs. Madge R. Minton

Mitsui & Co. (U.S.A.)

Mr. and Mrs. Peter Monrose

Mr. and Mrs. Charles Moore

Morgan Stanley Dean Witter
& Co.

Ms. Justine Simoni Mullet

Mysdyscs Inc.

National Association of
Postmasters of the United
States

NEC America, Inc.

Dr. Dan H. Nicolson

Dr. and Mrs. Stanton P.
Nolan

Norfolk Southern
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Mr. Alvin F Oien Jr.

Ounalashka Corporation

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Pasadena Art Alliance

Mr. and Mrs. Frank H. Pearl

Mrs. Mary Pendleton

Ms. Antoinette Peskoff

Philip Morris

Mr. Elliott I. Pollock

Mrs. Lewis T. Preston

Mr. Gregory Primm

Ms. Judy Lynn Prince

Dr. William C. Ramsay
(C.B. Ramsay Foundation,
Inc.)

Dr. and Mrs. David Raphling

Mr. Elmer Rasmuson

Mrs. Carol Ray

Mr. and Mrs. John Richards

Ms. Carol S. Rodricks

Mrs. Yvonne Roth

Dr. Marietta Lutze Sackler

Mr. and Mrs. David Saity

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Betty Anne Schreiber

Dr. and Mrs. Rolf G.
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Mr. and Mrs. Iwao Setsu
(Setsu Gatodo Co., Lrd.)

M. Sigmund & Barbara K.
Shapiro Family Fund

Mr. and Mrs. Paul Shatz

Dr. and Mrs. Robert L.
Sherman

Mrs. Richard E. Sherwood

Mr. and Mrs. James Shinn

Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey R.
Short Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. Dominic F.
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Mr. and Mrs. Manuel
Silberstein

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Mr. and Mrs. Walter A.
Simmons

Mr. and Mrs. H. Robert
Slusser

Mr. and Mrs. E. Maynard
Smith

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Mr. Theodore R. Stanley
(Theodore & Vada Stanley
Foundation)

Mr. Henry M. Strong

Dr. J. Mark Sublette

Riley K. Temple, Esq.

Mr. B. Ray Thompson Jr.

Dr. and Mrs. F. Christian
Thompson

Ms. Judith C. Thompson

Lady Judith Ogden Thomson

Mr. and Mrs. Clayton
Timmons

TRW, Inc.

Tupperware

Turner Broadcasting System
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Ms. Virginia Ullman

Ms. Ellen Van Dernoot

Mr. Jerry D. Vanier

Beatrix and Ladislaus von
Hoffmann

Col. Harold Vorhies

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Walt Disney World
Company

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Watanabe

Mr. and Mrs. Guy Weill

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Weinberger

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(Edward A. and Sandra R.
Weinstein Philanthropic
Fund)

Mr. Julius Wile

Mr. and Mrs. Norman C.
Willcox

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Wilson

Mr. Paul Wolk

Wright Machine Tool
Company Inc.

Zoo Atlanta

Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin
Zucker (Lotry Zucker
Foundation)

Smithsonian
Corporate
Membership Program

The Smithsonian Cor-
porate Membership Pro-
gram is a national
initiative through which
corporations provide un-
restricted support to
Smithsonian education, re-
search, and exhibition in-
itiatives.

Proud Partners of the
Isoth Anniversary
Celebration

Discover® Card

Intel Corporation

MCI Communications
Corporation

Trans World Airlines, Inc.

Corporate Members

ABC, Inc.

American Investments
Holding USA

Anheuser-Busch Companies

ARCO

AT&T

Bayer Corporation

BellSouth Corporation

Booz, Allen & Hamilton, Inc.

BP America

Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.

The Capital Group
Companies, Inc.

CH2M Hill

Christie's, Inc.

The Coca-Cola Company

Concert Management
Services, Inc.

Daimler-Benz A.G.

Data Works

The Walt Disney Company

DuPont

EQUANT Network
Services, Inc.

Exxon Corporation

Ford Motor Company

The Freeman Companies

General Electric Company

3a
271

Global One

Goldman, Sachs & Co.

Hitachi Limited

Hoechst Marion Roussel, Inc.

Hunter Engineering Company

The Jaques Admiralty Law
Firm

S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc.

Joseph E. Seagram & Sons, Inc.

The Kansai Electric Power
Company, Inc.

KPMG Peat Marwick LLP

Lee Enterprises, Inc.

Litton Industries

Liz Claiborne, Inc.

Mars Incorporated

Marubeni Corporation

Met Life

Mitsubishi Public Affairs
Committee

Mobil Corporation

NEC Corporation

Nestle Food Services

New York Lawyers for the
Public Interest

Novartis Corporation

Pfizer Inc

The Phillips Group

Pricewaterhouse Coopers

Raytheon Company

SBC Communications, Inc.

Skadden, Arps, Slate,
Meagher & Flom LLP

Sony Corporation of America

Southern Company

Sprint

Riggs Bank N.A.

Texas Instruments

The Tokyo Electric Power
Company

Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A.,
Inc.

U.S. Bank

Xerox Corporation

James Smithson
Society

James Smithson Society
members share a deep
commitment to the
dynamic unfolding of
James Smithson’s vision.
The society’s dues and spe-
cial gifts provide un-

272

restricted support for the
Smithsonian's research, ex-
hibitions, and educational
programs.

Endowed Life Members

Anonymous

Pear! Bel! and Col. Billie G.
Matheson, USAF Ret.

Karen and Edward Burka

Ms. Ruth Boyer Compton

Mr. and Mrs. Dean S.
Edmonds

Mr. Daniel D. Gilbert

Mrs. Alton B. Grimes

William Logan Hopkins

Richard and Elaine Kaufman

Lr. Col. and Mrs. William
K. Konze

Gilbert and Jaylee Mead

Anton H. Rosenthal and
Ruth E. Ganister

Catherine F. Scott

Shelby Shapiro

Mr. J. Henry Sheffield

Mrs. Virginia Sheffield

Mrs. Shirley P. Sichel

Annual Members

$10,000 or more

The Eberly Foundation

Mr. Albert H. Gordon

Ms. Lumina Greenway

Mrs. Roy Johnson

Meriam McNiel

C. Wesley and Jacqueline
Peebles

$5, 000 or more

Mrs. Robert Amory Jr.

Ms. Nancy L. Connor

Mr. and Mrs. James C. Day

Therese and I. Michael
Heyman

Mr. Mark Miller

Mr. and Mrs. Michael A.
Moran

Mr. and Mrs. Charles L. Poor

Philip and Elizabeth Reed

Mr. and Mrs. John Watts
Roberts

Mr. and Mrs. Paul M. Sharz

Betty Rhoads Wright

$2,000 or more

Mrs. August Ackel

Mr. Terry L. Albertson

Miss Barbara Anne Ames

Mr. and Mrs. Paul M.
Anderson

Mr. Leonard Andrews

Mr. and Mrs. Rudolph Arkin

Mr. William Arndt

Mrs. Jack R. Aron

Ms. Barb Audiss

Mr. Robert J. Barker

Mr. E. William Barnett

J.F Barre

Rhoda and Jordan Baruch

Jonathan Baum

Albert Beekhuis Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Michael B.
Beeman

Mr. and Mrs. James M. Beggs

Mr. Michael E. Bershaw

Mr. Michael D. Bielucki

The Hon. and Mrs. Robert
O. Blake

Mr. John H. Blazek

Mr. and Mrs. James A. Block

Mr. and Mrs. William J.D.
Bond

J.A. Boorman

Mrs. Howard M. Booth

Mr. Bennett Baskey

Ms. Margaret L. Bourgerie

Col. Donald S$. Bowman

Ms. Rebecca A. Bowman

Charles and Fleur Bresler

Mr. Alfred Pope Brooks

Mrs. Keith S. Brown

Mr. J. Kevin Buchi and Dr.
Kathleen Buchi

George E. and Clare M.
Burch

Dr. Edwin W. Burnes

Ms. Alice Green Burnette

The Hon. George H.W.
Bush and Mrs. Bush

Mrs. Helen Cabell and
Christine Cabell

Mr. Kenneth S. Cameron

Phyllis H. Carey

Mr. Donald W. Carl

Mr. William Carlebach

Mae Casner

Dr. Jonathan L. Chang

Col. and Mrs. George E.
Chapin Jr.

Ms. Li Chu

Mr. and Mrs. Ernest H.
Cockrell

Dr. and Mrs. David A. Cofrin

Melvin and Ryna Cohen

Mr. and Mrs. Richard Cooley

Ms. Florence Corder-Witter

Ms. Jean Coyne

Mrs. Carole D. Crocker

Gretchen Smith Crow

Mrs. Joseph H. Davenport Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. Barry and Nora
Davis

Mr. and Mrs. Charles Alfred
Davis

Anna M. Day

Karhleen and Eugene De
Falco

Ms. Ann Demitruk

Mrs. Deborah J. Denefrio

Geert M. DePrest and Laura
Travis-DePrest

Mr. and Mrs. Desi DeSimone

Mr. and Mrs. Charles J.
DiBona

Douglas Dillon

Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Dixon

Mr. and Mrs. Wesley M.
Dixon Jr.

Norbert and LaVerne
Doligalski

Dr. William H-L. Dornette

Ms. Diane M. Dudley

Mr. and Mrs. Charles W.
Duncan Jr.

Barton D. and Debra J.
Eberwein

Rear Adm. (Ret.) and Mrs.
Edward H. Eckelmeyer

Mr. and Mrs. Robert K.
Edson

Miss Babs Eisman

Mr. and Mrs. James A.
Elkins Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. Richard
England

Col. Charles O. Eshelman

Dorothy D. Eweson

Mr. and Mrs. Michael L.
Fayad

Dr. and Mrs. James J.
Ferguson Jr.

Mr. Adrian E. Flatt, M.D.,
ER.CS.

Mary and Henry Flynt

Mr. Philip E. Forest

Ms. B.J. French

Mr. Cary J. Frieze and Mrs.
Rose Frieze

David Morgan Frost

Virginia Sugg Furrow

Mrs. L_J. Futchik

Mrs. J. Gardiner

Mr. Phil Gardner

Michael and Susie Gelman

Mary O'Brien Gibson

Bonnie Gillespie

Mr. and Mrs. David Ginkel

Dr. and Mrs. Clarence Glenn

Mr. Devon Graham

George C. and Erna M.
Graham

Ms. Judith Grass

Ms. Catharine Graton

Mrs. John B. Greene

Ms. Marion E. Greene

Mrs. Ann Y. Grim

Calvin and Marilyn B. Gross

Mr. and Mrs. Patrick W.
Gross

Bruce Guthrie

Mr. Corbin Gwaltney

Leslee Hackenson and Roger
Allers

Adele and Donald Hall

Stephen and Jocelin
Hamblett

Mrs. Gloria Shaw Hamilton

Robert V. and Rita S. Hanle

Mr. Niles Hanson

Ms. Helen Leale Harper Jr.

Mrs. Jane Hart

Mr. and Mrs. Max E. Harrtl

Dr. and Mrs. Herbert A.
Hartman Jr.

Miss Nancy A. Haynes

Philip and Maureen Heasley

The Hon. and Mrs. John
Hechinger Sr.

Mr. and Mrs. David Heebner

Robert M. and Gladys F.
Henry

Dr. and Mrs. David C. Hess

Mr. and Mrs. Stephen O.
Hessler

Mrs. Virginia L. Hickman

Mrs. Gloria Hidalgo

Clara Jane Hill

Mr. James T. Hines Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. Stephen A.
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Mr. and Mrs. John Hrncir

Mr. Tommy D. Hughes

Mrs. Peter D. Humleker Jr.

R. Bruce Hunter

Mrs. Jane Hunter-MacMillan

Mr. L.R. Ingels

John B. Ippolito, Diane M.
Laird-Ippolito

Drs. Jay and Mary Anne
Jackson

David A. Jacques

David and Pat Jernigan

Mr. and Mrs. Arthur W.
Johnson

Mr. and Mrs. Richard J.V.
Johnson

Mrs. Roy Johnson

Mr. and Mrs. Samuel C.
Johnson

W. Johnson

Mr. Robert A. Jones

Mr. and Mrs. Stanley B. Jones

Mr. Sheldon T. Katz

Mr. and Mrs. Jack Kay

Mr. Stephen C. Keeble

Mr. Neil E. Kelley

Ms. Jettie Kelly

Anne B. Kennedy

Dr. Rebecca Kenyon

Mrs. Virginia W. Kettering

Mr. Don Kiest

Mr. and Mrs. Clark H.
Kilhefner

Dr. William M. King

Mr. and Mrs. Norman V.
Kinsey

Mr. Edward J. Kirby

Scott A. Kisting

Mr. James M. Kline

Ms. Elizabeth Gelman
Kossow

Robert E. and Elizabeth W.
Krueger

Mr. Bruce LaBoon

Mrs. James S. Lacock

Judge Marion Ladwig

Edward and Beverley
Lammerding

Dr. and Mrs. Emanuel
Landau

Mrs. Stephens J. Lange

Mrs. Marge Langworthy

Mrs. William Leonhart

Mr. and Mrs. William B.
Levin Jr.

Mrs. Jean C. Lindsey

Mr. Bud Lindstrand

Mr. Carl A. Lohmer

Charles E. Long, EVP and
Secretary,
Citicorp/Citibank

Mr. Frank J. Lukowski

Dr. Steven Lunzer

Edmund C. Lynch Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. Fred W. Lyons
Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. A. Bryan
MacMillan

Mr. and Mrs. Richard L.
Mahfouz

Mr. and Mrs. Forrest E. Mars
Je

Ms. Virginia C. Mars

Mary Martell and Paul M.
Johnson

Mr. Frederick P. Mascioli

Maj. Gen. Raymond E.
Mason Jr. and Margaret E.
Mason

Dr. Wayne Mathews

Mr. and Mrs. Edward J.
Mathias

Ms. Vivian McCrary

Mr. Clayton McCuistion

Mr. and Mrs. John D. McLean

Mrs. G. Walter McReynolds

Scott McVay

Mr. Paul Mellon

Sue B. and Eugene Mercy Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. Richard M.
Merriman

His Excellency Sir
Christopher Meyer

Mr. and Mrs. Randall Meyer

Mr. Ewing H. Miller and
Ms. Donna Ari

Mr. George H. Miller

Mr. and Mrs. Herbert S.
Miller

Jerry M. Miller and Dorothy
T. Miller

Mr. and Mrs. Olan Mills I

Mr. Peter Monrose

Mr. and Mrs. James Robert
Montgomery

Mr. Robert E. Mortensen

Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth F.
Mountcastle

Dr. J. Andrew Mulholland

Mr. and Mrs. Patrick Munroe

Mr. and Mrs. John Murphy

Mr. and Mrs. Raymond E.
Murray

Mr. H. Duane Nelson

Mrs. Frances Newman

Mary L. Nucci and Abraham
Abuchowski

Mr. and Mrs. Charles
O'Connell

Dr. and Mrs. J. Dennis
O'Connor

James D. Oglevee and Susan
Marie Halliday

Beverly H. and William P.
O'Hara

William and Jean O'Neill

Mr. and Mrs. Steven F. Paes

Christine M. and Gregory J.
Parseghian

Mrs. Jefferson Patterson

Mr. and Mrs. Henry M.
Paulson Jr.

Peacock Foundation, Inc.

Mr. Scott D. Pearson and
Ms. Diani Farrell

Mrs. Mary V. Pendleton

Mr. J. Liddon Pennock Jr.

John L. and Carolyn J.
Peterson

Mr. and Mrs. Anthony G.
Petrello

George and Sally Pillsbury

Mr. John Pitts

Jane P. Plakias

Ms. Carol Pochardt

Mr. and Mrs. Leon B.
Polsky/The Polsky
Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Henry Posner Jr.

The Rev. and Mrs. Charles
Price

Mr. and Mrs. Whayne S.
Quin

Claire and John Radway

Mr. Elmer Rasmuson

Mr. Dan Rather

tv
™s
Ww

Mrs. Carol H. Ray

Mr. and Mrs. Michael F.
Reagan

Mr. and Mrs. Edward H. Rice

Mr. Peter B. Ridder

Mrs. Carlyn Ring

Ms. Gay A. Roane

Mrs. Dorothy Hyman
Roberts

Ms. Nancy J. Robertson and
Mr. Mark N. Cookingham

Mr. Arthur Rock

Senator and Mrs. John D.
Rockefeller IV

Mrs. I. Alfred Rosenbaum Jr.

Mrs. Yvonne W. Roth

Marya Rowan

Ms. Marcia Rubenstein

Mr. and Mrs. Marcos Russek

Mr. William R. Salomon

Vicki and Roger Sant

Mr. Fayez Sarofim

Albert and Thelma Sbar

Ambassador James H.
Scheuer and

Emily Malino Scheuer

Mr. and Mrs. Douglas R.
Scheumann

Roger P. and Nancy L.
Schlemmer

Mr. and Mrs. Harold J.
Schnitzer

Elizabeth and Edwin
Schreiber

Frank and Emily Scort

Mrs. Robert D. Scott

Mr. and Mrs. S. Norman
Seastedt

Mr. and Mrs. David M.
Shapiro

Mr. and Mrs. Marc J. Shapiro

Mr. Winslow T. Shearman

Ms. Virginia B. Shimer

Allan E. Shore

Mr. and Mrs. Alan B.
Showalter

Mr. Frank Shrontz

Mr. Charles Siegel

Simpson PSB Fund

Ms. Tammy Sisson

Mrs. David E. Skinner

Dr. and Mrs. Harvey C.
Slocum Jr.

Gretchen Smith Crow

Dr. Frank O. Smith

274

Gen. and Mrs. William Y.
Smith

Mr. and Mrs. Michael R.
Sonnenreich

Mr. and Mrs. John L. Sparks

Harriet and Edson Spencer

Mr. and Mrs. John Stack

Mr. Bernie Stadiem

Mr. Sydney Staffin

Mr. and Mrs. Malcolm T.
Stamper

Dr. Marjorie L. Stein

Ann C. Stephens

Mr. and Mrs. William C.
Sterling Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. Joseph T.J.
Stewart

Mr. and Mrs. Franz T. Stone

Mr. Roy T. Strainge

Mr. Ernest C. Swigert

Mr. and Mrs. Charles W. Tate

Ms. Marjorie E. Thomas

Mr. Randell C. Thomas

Mr. Glenn EF. Tilton

Mr. Stephen Tilton

Mrs. Helen Brice
Trenckmann

Mrs. Alice Truland

Mr. James F. Turner

Mr. Mike Turner

Ms. Evelyn Twigg-Smith

Mr. M.S. Ursino

Col. and Mrs. W.G. Van
Allen

Mr. and Mrs. L. Von
Hoffmann

Col. Harold W. Vorhies

Mr. and Mrs. Robert
Waidner

Mr. and Mrs. Steve
Wasserman

Mr. James R. Webb

Craig and Catherine Weston

Miss Winifred E. Weter

Mr. Lawrence J. Whelan and
Dr. Deborah Black

Mr. and Mrs. Ben White

Ms. Beverly White

Mr. and Mrs. Donald W.
White

Mr. John C. Whitehead

Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth
Wilkerson

Mr. Wesley S. Williams Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. Michael T.
Willis

Mr. and Mrs. Herman T.
Wilson Jr.

Ms. Kirsten Wilson

Dr. and Mrs. Ralph Wilson

Mr. and Mrs. Wallace S.
Wilson

Joseph G. and Michael M.
Wirth

Mr. and Mrs. Robert W.
Womble

Mrs. Jane Ludwig Worley

Mr. and Mrs. Richard E.
Wright

Ms. Alice Wrobleski

Mrs. Charlotte S. Wyman

Ellen and Bernard Young

Mary L. Zicarelli

Mrs. Nancy Behrend Zirkle

Mr. and Mrs. Sidney S.
Zlotnick

Life Members

Mr. and Mrs. Joe L.
Allbritton

David K. Anderson

Mr. and Mrs. William S.
Anderson

Mr. Ronald P. Anselmo

Mr. Scott R. Anselmo

Dr. and Mrs. Herbert
Axelrod

Richard R. Bains

Mr. and Mrs. F. John Barlow

Mrs. Donald C. Beatty

Mrs. Henry C. Beck Jr.

Mrs. Ralph E. Becker

Mrs. Clay P. Bedford

Mrs. Edward B. Benjamin

Mrs. John A. Benton

Dr. and Mrs. William B.
Berry

Dr. and Mrs. B.N. Bhat

Mr. Richard A. Bideaux

Edwin W. Bitter

Dr. and Mrs. William Beaty
Boyd

Lee Bronson

Dr. Ruth D. Bruun

Mrs. George E. Burch

Mrs. Arthur J. Burstein

Mrs. Hyman Burstein

Mr. and Mrs. Maxwell
Burstein

Dr. and Mrs. Benjamin H.
Caldwell Jr.

Lawson J. Cantrell

Mr. Allan Caplan

Mrs. George H. Capps

Carol Chiu

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas G.
Cleveland

Dr. and Mrs. George L.
Compton

Dr. and Mrs. Roger Cornell

Dr. and Mrs. E.J.
Cunningham

Dr. Bruce E. Dahrling IJ M.D.

Mr. Sam DeVincent

Mrs. Peter N. Delanoy

Mr. John R. Doss

Mr. and Mrs. Willard D.
Dover

Edward R. Downe Jr.

Dr. Dale B. Dubin

Mr. and Mrs. Willis H.
Dupont

Mr. Joseph M. Erdelac

Thomas M. Evans

Dr. and Mrs. Dan Feriozi

Mrs. Walter B. Ford II

Dr. and Mrs. Phillip Frost

Mrs. Edwin Fullinwider

Dr. and Mrs. Lawrence
Andrew Funt

Mrs. George Garfield

Dr. and Mrs. Lamont W.
Gaston

Mr. Kirkland H. Gibson

C. Paul and Pat S. Gilson

Mr. and Mrs. Stephen P. Gott

Mrs. W.G. Gould

Doris Stack Greene

Jerome L. and Dawn Greene

Mrs. Chaim Gross

Mrs. Melville Hall

Mr. and Mrs. Don C. Harrold

Mrs. Lita Annenberg Hazen

Mr. and Mrs. Wayne C.
Hazen

Edward L. Henning

Mrs. Joseph Hirshhorn

Mrs. James Stewart Hooker

Mr. Paul Horgan

Dr. and Mrs. Howard Ihrig

Mr. and Mrs. George H.
Jacobus

Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Kainen

Mr. and Mrs. Donald E.
Kastner

Dr. Annette Kaufman

Dr. and Mrs. Arthur A. Kirk

Peter Merrill Klein

Blanche M. Koffler

Mrs. Lewis Kurt Land

Mrs. David Landau

Dr. Maury P. Leibovitz

Mr. and Mrs. L.E. Leininger

Harry E. and Jane F Lennon

Mrs. Sara L. Lepman and Mr.
Joshua M. Lepman

Mr. and Mrs. John Levey

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Levey

Mr. and Mrs. Sydney Lewis

Mrs. Jack Lord

Adele Lozowick

Mrs. Robert Magowan

Dr. and Mrs. Leo J. Malone

Mr. and Mrs. Richard A.
Manoogian

John A. Masek

Mrs. Vincent Melzac

Mr. and Mss. Jack L.
Messman

Mr. W.A. Moldermaker

Dr. and Mrs. Walter A.H.
Mosmann

Mr. and Mrs. Joe H. Mullins

Dr. and Mrs. Marvin Murray

Mr. Mortimer L. Neinken

Dr. Melanie Newbill

Mrs. Henry K. Ostrow

Mrs. Rudolf Pabst

The Hon. and Mrs. G.
Burton Pearson

Mr. and Mrs. Wallace R.
Persons

Mr. and Mrs. Edward M.
Pflueger

Mrs. John Alexander Pope

Mrs. Abraham Rattner

Kare Rinzler

The Hon. Thomas M.
Roberts

The Hon. Martin J. Roess

Dr. and Mrs. Richard G.
Rogers Jr.

Mrs. Helen Goodwin Rose

Mr. Arthur Ross

Mr. and Mrs. Peter G. Sachs

Mr. Harry I. Saul

Mrs. Janos Scholz

Mr. and Mrs. Morton
Silverman

Mr. and Mrs. Edward J.
Slattery

Mrs. Helen F. Sloan

Mr. and Mrs. Robert H. Smith

Mr. and Mrs. Sherwood Smith

Mrs. Orto Spaeth

Earl and Trudy Spangler

Mr. Stuart M. Speiser

Mr. and Mrs. Harvey G.
Stack

Mr. and Mrs. Norman Stack

Mr. and Mrs. Norman H.
Stavisky

Dr. and Mrs. Leo F. Stornelli

Mr. and Mrs. E. Hadley
Stuart Jr.

Mrs. Hans Syz

Mrs. Katherine S. Sznycer

Drs. Yen and Julia Tan

The Ruth and Vernon Taylor
Foundation

Mrs. David J. Tepper

Mr. Richard W. Thomssen

Mr. Bardy! R. Tirana

Mr. Glenn O. Tupper

Lillian Scheffres Turner

Dr. and Mrs. Adolfo Villalon

Dr. and Mrs. Francis S.
Walker

Mr. and Mrs. C.C. Wang

Dr. and Mrs. Thomas E.
Whiteley

Mr. Leonard John Wilkinson

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas J.
Williams

Mr. Archibald M. Withers

Mr. and Mrs. Laurence C.
Witten II

Mrs. David O.
Woodbury

Mr. Stanley Woodward

Mr. and Mrs. James Wu

Mr. and Mrs. Barry
Yampol

Bequests

We remember with ap-
preciation the following
generous donors whose
gifts through bequests
from their estates were
received this year.

Leo L. August

Sidney Bates

Franz H. and Luisita L.
Denghausen

Richard T. Evans

Lydia Heiniger

Janet W. Johnson

Helen Katchmar

John Benton Kennedy Jr.

Sterling H. Kleiser

Theodore A. Krieg

Ru Lennox Lang

Dario A. Macchi

Constance Loudon Mellen

Henry Blackman Plumb

Ellen Pulvermann

Beatrice Rubenstein

Merriam P. Sargent

Miriam K. Schreiter

Frances Schillinger Shaw

George Sisley

Albert Snyder

Ellwood C. Stang

Ferne R. Warren

Annie B. Wetmore

Smithsonian
Washington Council

The Smithsonian
Washington Council, an
initiative established last
year by the Secretary and
regional leaders, is dedi-
cated to expanding the
Smithsonian's relationship
with the entire
Washington region.

Mr. R. Robert Linowes,
Chairman

Ms. Jin-Hyun Weatherly Ahn

Mr. Oliver T. Carr

The Hon. Elaine Chao

Mr. Emilio Fernandez

Mr. Donald E. Graham

Mr. J. Roderick Heller II

Mrs. Kathleen Hough

Mr. James V. Kimsey

Mr. Mario M. Morino

Mrs. Irene Pollin

Mr. John R. Risher Jr.

Mrs. Vicki Sant

Mr. Ladislaus von Hoffmann

Smithsonian Legacy
Society

The Smithsonian Legacy
Society honors our friends
who carry on James
Smithson's tradition by
making legacy gifts to the
Smithsonian, such as be-
quests, charitable gift an-
nuities, charitable
remainder trusts, pooled
income fund gifts, gifts of
retirement and life in-
surance plans, and other
giving vehicles.

Founding Chairman

Mrs. Gloria Shaw Hamilton

Founders

Anonymous

Mr. H.V. Andersen

Mr. and Mrs. William S.
Anderson

Mrs. J. Paul Austin

George and Bonnie Bogumill

Mr. and Mrs. Mark Boone

Mrs. Agnes M. Brown

Mr. Michael W. Cassidy

Fenner A. Chace Jr.

Mr. Harry R. Charles Jr.

Miss Jean M. Chisholm

Mr. Earl Clayton

Mr. Lawrence G. Clayton

The Hon. Barber B. Conable
Jr. and Mrs. Conable

Ms. Patricia Daniels

Mr. Dennis O. Dixon

Mr. and Mrs. William C.
Dutton

Mr. and Mrs. Arthur W.
Gardner

Mrs. Aileen Garrett

Mr. Gilbert W. Glass

Mr. Charles Goldsberry

Mr. Lloyd E. Herman

Dr. and Mrs. David C. Hess

Frank and Lisina Hoch

Miss K.T. Hoffacker

Mr. and Mrs. A. William
Holmberg

Dr. and Mrs. Lee Houchins

Mr. John R. Huggard

Dr. and Mrs. James C. Hunt

Mr. Joseph E. Johnson

Miss Narinder K. Keith

Miss Rajinder K. Keith

Lr. Col. William K. and
Mrs. Alice S. Konze

Ms. Lee Kush

Dr. Geraldine E. La Rocque

Mrs. James Spencer Lacock

Mr. and Mrs. Bruce Leighty

Ms. Eleanor L. Linkous

Mr. and Mrs. Burton Lowe

Mr. Frank J. Lukowski

Mr. Ronald W. McCain

Mr. and Mrs. Richard B.
McCrary

Ms. Lowen McKay

Mr. and Mrs. Carl
Mikuletzky

Mrs. Jane R. Moore

Mrs. Jefferson Patterson

Mr. and Mrs. David S. Purvis

Mr. and Mrs. Frank K.
Rabbitt

Mr. and Mrs. Galen B.
Rathbun

Sanae I. and Douglas F.
Reeves

Mr. and Mrs. Robert F. Rick

George W. and Margaret P.
Riesz

Mr. Stuart W. Rosenbaum

Lloyd G. and Betty A.
Schermer

Allan E. and Carol T. Shore

Mrs. Warren Sichel

Mary EF. Simons

Dr. Barbara J. Smith

Kathy Daubert Smith

Mrs. Margaret Sokol

Irene Sorrough

Mr. Charles W. Speck

Bernie Stadiem

Mr. Kevin B. Stone

Mr. and Mrs. Joseph T.N.
Suarez

George D. and Mary
Augusta Thomas

Dr. and Mrs. F. Christian
Thompson

John and Ellen Thompson

Jeffrey and Diane Tobin

Mr. David E. Todd

Ms. Patty Wagstaff

Miss Catherine M. Walsh

Dr. and Mrs. Richard Ward

Mr. and Mrs. Charles Watts

Mrs. Harriet K. Westcott

Mr. and Mrs. Donald W.
White

Mrs. Laurence I. Wood

Mr. and Mrs. Robert
Zapart

Mr. and Mrs. Robert S.
Zelenka

Dr. P. Joseph Zharn

Mrs. Michael N. Zirkle

Memorial and
Commemorative Gifts

The following were so
honored by their families
and friends.

Mr. and Mrs. Isaac Behrend

Mr. and Mrs. William I.
Behrend

Jose Cuatrecasas

Laurence E. Fleischman

Michael Kalinoski

Frederick Krieg

Jerome H. Lemelson

Richard Louie

James F. Lynch

John T. Lyons

Enid Morse

Charlotte K. Ramsay

Philip Ravenhill

Frances Schillinger and
Joseph and Elsa Snyder

J.T. Vida

William J. Woolfenden

Donors of In-Kind
Support

Adobe East Gallery

Air Jamaica

B. Smith's Restaurant

Nathan Scott Begay

British Airways

British West Indies Airways
(BWIA)

Embassy of Canada

Cartier, Inc.

CBS Radio

Continental-Anchor, Ltd.

Coors Brewing Company

Delta Air Lines, Inc.

Joyce Growing Thunder
Fogarty

Juanita Growing Thunder
Fogarty

Gallery 10, Inc.

Glenn Green Galleries

Hewlett-Packard Co.

Rhonda Holy Bear

Delbridge Honanie

Yazzie Johnson

Kinko's Corporate

Jan Loco

National Business Aviation
Association

Angie Reano Owen

PIA (Pakistan International
Airlines)

Radio ONE

The Recording Industries
Music

Performance Trust Funds

The Scale People, Inc.

Schieffelin & Somerset Co.

Embassy of Spain

Steelcase, Inc.

Sunset Hills Foliage

Tamiya America, Inc.

The Embassy of Trinidad
and Tobago

Mark Tupper

Twin Rocks Trading Post
and Blue

Mountain Trading Post

United Airlines

U.S. Airways Group Inc.

Financial Report

Rick Johnson, Chief Financial Officer

The Smithsonian Institution receives funding from both
federal appropriations and nonappropriated trust sources.
Nonappropriated trust funds include all funds received from
sources other than direct federal appropriations. These other
sources include gifts and grants from individuals, corpora-
tions, and foundations; grants and contracts from federal,
state, or local government agencies; earnings from short- and
long-term investments; revenue from membership programs;
and revenue from sales activities, such as Smithsonian
magazine, museum shops and restaurants, mail order
catalogues, and licensed products.

Federal appropriations provide funding for the Institu-
tion's core functions: caring for and conserving the national
collections, sustaining basic research on the collections and
in selected areas of traditional and unique strength, and
educating the public about the collections and research
findings through exhibitions and other public programs.
Federal appropriations also fund a majority of the activities
associated with maintaining and securing the facilities
and with various administrative and support
services.

Smithsonian trust funds allow the Institution to under-
take new ventures and enrich existing programs in ways
that would not otherwise be possible. These funds provide
the critical margin of excellence for innovative research,
building and strengthening the national collections,
constructing and presenting effective and up-to-date
exhibitions, and reaching out to new and underrepresented
audiences. In recent years, the Smithsonian has also begun
to rely in part on trust funds for the funding of major new
construction projects.

The following sections describe the external environmental
factors affecting the Institution's general financial condition,
its financial status, and its planned response to changing con-
ditions; financial results for fiscal year 1998; and organizational
and financial measures being taken to ensure the continued
fiscal health of the Institution.

Financial Status and Prospects

In fiscal year 1998, the Smithsonian took major steps to
address the increasing financial needs of the Institution.
Congress has been very supportive of the Instirution in its
provision of federal appropriations for core functions and the
maintenance of facilities. This support, however generous,
cannot be expected to sustain the growing costs of new exhibi-
tions and programs that allow the Institution to continue as a
world-class center for research and education. Consequently,
in fiscal year 1998, the Institution focused on restoring and
strengthening its revenue-generating activities, as well as on
its fund-raising efforts.

Over the past several years, income from the Institution's
business activities has remained relatively static. In response,
the Institution made two critical decisions. The first was to
discontinue the commercial activities of Smithsonian
Press/Smithsonian Productions, transferring the profitable
ventures to Smithsonian Retail and establishing the Univer-
sity Press division as a programmatic function of the Insticu-
tion under the auspices of the Provost with the name
Smithsonian Institution Press.

As an important step to promote the long-term growth of
the Institution’s business activities and ensure its financial
health, the Board of Regents approved a new approach for
managing those ventures. Major elements of this new
approach include the creation of a separate organization
within the Institution to increase the Smithsonian's major
business activities, the creation of a separate board of directors
to help guide the new organization, and the recruitment of a
senior-level business executive to be the new organization’s
chief executive officer. The goal of the new approach is to
double the annual level of business-generated trust dollars
available for the Institution within the next five years.

Fund-raising received continuing attention as a critical
element in the improvement of the Institution's financial
position. Work was begun in earnest on the Smithsonian's
capital campaign. An overarching strategy has been developed
and a budget established to fund the campaign. Currently in
its “quiet phase,” the campaign has already achieved substan-
tial results. In fiscal year 1998, donor and sponsor support was
at its highest level in the Institution's history.

Fiscal Year 1998 Sources of Net Revenues

e Gov't Grants & Contracts (9.9%)
¢ Donor/Sponsor (15.1%)

e Federal Appropriations (68.1%)
¢ General Trust (6.9%)

Fiscal Year 1998 Results

Revenues received by the Institution in fiscal year 1998 from
all sources totaled $774.5 million. Revenue from federal ap-
propriations accounted for $393.0 million, and nonap-

propriated trust funds provided an additional $381.5 million.
When adjusted to remove auxiliary activity expenses of $197.0
million, net revenues totaled $577.5 million. The chart below
reflects revenues by source and broad purpose of use.

Fiscal Year 1998 Sources of Gross/Net Revenues

Percent
Gross Net Net
Revenues Revenues* Revenues
($ thousands) —($ thousands) (%)
Operations
Federal Appropriations — 393,032 393,032 68.
General Trust** 237,026 40,036 6.9
Donor/Sponsor** 87,081 87,081 15.1
Gov't Grants & 57,320 571320 9.9
Contracts
Total Sources for 774459 577,469 100.0
Operations

*Net of expenses related to revenue-generating activities, e.g., museum
shops, restaurants, publications, etc.

**General trust is reduced from Table 1 by the Donor/Sponsored
Contributions.

Operations (Tables 1 and 2)

Federal operating revenue of $331.5 million provided the core
funding for ongoing programs of the Institution. The fiscal
year 1998 operating appropriation of $333.4 million repre-
sented an increase of $14.9 million from the fiscal year 1997
level. Toral increases were $15.7 million, with $0.8 million in
one-time funding being returned. Increases to cover certain
uncontrollable costs included $6.6 million to cover the cost of
mandated pay and benefit increases, $2.7 million for utilicy
costs, and $0.3 million for inflation for library materials. In
addition, the following program increases were provided: $1.2
million to fund operation of the Smithsonian Astrophysical
Observatory Submillimeter Telescope Array, $3.0 million for
the National Museum of Natural History's East Court project,
$1.0 million for collections information systems, and $0.9 mil-
lion for other projects.

General trust revenue was $270.6 million. Overall revenue
levels in this category were up 3 percent over the prior year.
Donor/sponsor revenue was up 8 percent, sales and member-
ship revenue was up 5 percent, and other revenue was down 41
percent, primarily as a result of the closedown of 15oth an-
niversary activities. Overall net revenue for auxiliary activities
declined 9 percent. Major increases in net revenue for museum
shops/mail order and concessions were offset by a loss for
Smithsonian Press/Smithsonian Productions related to discon-
tinuation of major portions of that operation.

Revenue from donor/sponsor designated funds totaled $53.5
million. Donor/sponsor revenue in this category increased by
123 percent over the prior year as a result of intensified fund-
raising activities and the development of and focus on new
strategies. In addition, tsoth anniversary activities had a posi-
tive impact on overall giving. Major gifts and grants included
$20 million from the Kenneth E. Behring family to support

278

exhibitions, public programs, and related activities at the Na-
tional Museum of Natural History; $5 million from the Pew
Charitable Trusts to the National Museum of American His-
tory for the Star-Spangled Banner Preservation Project; and
$1.3 million from the Nippon Foundation to the National
Museum of Natural History for the “Ainu: Spirit of a Northern
People” project. The Smithsonian is especially grateful to its
many friends in the private sector whose generosity con-
tributed vitally to its work. The names of major donors are
listed in the Benefactors section of this annual report.

In fiscal year 1998, the Institution recorded $57.3 million in
income from contracts and grants from government agencies,
an increase of $0.6 million over fiscal year 1997. Support from
government agencies constitutes an important source of re-
search monies for the Institution, while also providing the
granting agencies access to Smithsonian expertise and resources.
As in prior years, the majority of these funds were provided
by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for re-
search programs at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Obser-
vatory. Other awards included $1 million from the National
Science Foundation for a program in science education
developed by the National Science Resources Center and $0.5
million from the Department of Energy for a study of carbon
dioxide levels in selected ecosystems at the Smithsonian Tropi-
cal Research Institute.

Endowment (Tables 3, 4, and 5)

The Institution pools its endowment funds for investment
purposes into a consolidated portfolio, with each endowment
purchasing shares in a manner similar to shares purchased by
an investor in a mutual fund.

The Investment Policy Committee of the Smithsonian's Board
of Regents establishes investment policy and recommends the
annual payout for the consolidated endowment. The Smithsonian's
policies for managing the endowment are designed to achieve two
objectives: to provide a stable, growing stream of payouts for
current expenditures and to protect the value of the endowment
against inflation and maintain its purchasing power. Current
policy calls for an average payout of 4.5 percent of the average
marker value over the prior five years. The investment policy
targets a real rate of rerum of 5 percent.

As depicted in the chart on page 279, the marker value of
the endowment decreased from $600 million to $580.9 mil-
lion during fiscal year 1998, reflecting the market downturn
in the last quarter of the fiscal year. New gifts and internal
transfers totaled $11.5 million, while the payout was $19.7
million and fees were $1.5 million.

The coral rerurn on the consolidated portfolio was (8.16)
percent, reflecting the marker downturn in the last quarter of
the fiscal year. Rerurns rose again substantially as the market
rebounded in the last months of calendar year 1998. At year’s
end, the Institution's portfolio was invested 64 percent in
equities, 33 percent in bonds, and 3 percent in cash. The
portfolio had 22 percent in foreign stocks and bonds and 78
percent in U.S. securities.

Construction and Plant Funds (Table 6)

In fiscal year 1998, the federal appropriations for construction
were $68.8 million. This amount included $32.0 million for
general repair, restoration, and code compliance projects
throughout the Institution. With the support of Congress,
the Institution continues to seek the $50 million per year re-
quired to maintain systematic renewal of its physical plant.
Funds earmarked for new construction, alterations, and
modifications totaled $36.8 million. Included in this amount
is $29.0 million for the Mall museum for the National
Museum of the American Indian; $3.8 million for renovations,
repairs, and master plan projects at the National Zoological
Park; and $4.0 million for planning and design of the National
Air and Space Museum Dulles Center.

Nonappropniated trust construction funds, also termed plant
funds, totaled $5.2 million. Approximately $3.5 million sup-
ported construction of facilities for the National Museum of the
American Indian; $1.4 million supported renovation of the
Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum; and $0.3 million con-
tributed to the reinstallation of the Janet Annenberg Hooker
Hall of Geology, Gems, and Minerals at the National Museum of
Natural History.

Financial Position

The Smithsonian Institution's Statement of Financial Position
presents the total assets, liabilities, and net assets of the Insti-
tution. Total assets of $1.5 billion far exceed total liabilities of
$394.0 million and are indicative of the financial strength of
the Institution. During fiscal year 1998, the most significant
change in the Institution's financial position was a $41 million
increase in debt to finance the Discovery Center at the National
Museum of Natural History and a $37 million increase in invest-
ments levels.

Financial Management

During the year, the Smithsonian's Office of Information Tech-
nology conducted an analysis of the Year 2000 software problem.
That analysis indicated that for all major critical systems the In-
stitution will be Year 2000 compliant. In one instance, software
cannot be made compliant, but an alternative solution will be
employed to solve the problem. At present, all major financial
system software is warranted to be Year 2000 compliant. Never-
theless, the Institution will continue to conduct testing during
fiscal year 1999 to confirm these findings.

Other financial management improvement initiatives
undertaken in fiscal year 1998 included:

* A new database for sponsored project data that will increase
the efficiency and effectiveness of managing sponsored
projects. This database is also the source of critical financial
measures for sponsored project activity that is distributed
to senior management in weekly and monthly reports.

Additional application modules for the Institution's
Budget Management, Planning, and Policy System. This
improvement has further automated the budget and plan-
ning process, eliminating duplication of data entry and
reducing error rates.

A system to facilitate use of a new travel credit card for
employees. The system includes an enhanced ability for
tracking and reporting activity. Use of the travel card will
be greatly increased over use of the previous card.

A new electronic fund transfer system for vendor payments
and employee reimbursements. Most paychecks are already
sent electronically. The system was scheduled to be
launched on January 1, 1999.

e A major training effort for unit staff in procurement and
contracting. This training is required to support the delega-
tion of greater procurement and contracting authority to
program units and to implement other changes to the
procurement and contracting process.

Additional financial management improvement initiatives
planned to start in fiscal year 1999 include the following:

e Electronic routing of monthly financial reports

e Updating and streamlining of financial policies

e Automation of payroll data entry at the unit level

e Implementation of software to facilitate accurate prepara-
tion of travel authorization and voucher forms

Audit Activities

The Institution's financial statements are audited annually
by KPMG LLP, an independent public accounting firm. The
audit plan includes an in-depth review of the Institution's in-
ternal control structure. KPMG LLP Independent Auditor's
Report for fiscal year 1998 and the accompanying financial state-
ments are presented on the following pages. The Smithsonian's
internal audit staff, part of the Office of Inspector General, assists
the external auditors and regularly audits the Institution's various
programs, activities, and internal control systems. The Audit and
Review Committee of the Board of Regents provides an addition-
al level of financial oversight and review.

In accordance with the government requirement for the use
of coordinated audit teams, the Defense Contract Audit Agen-
cy, the Smithsonian Office of Inspector General, and KPMG
LLP coordinate the audit of grants and contracts received
from federal agencies.

Table 1. Source and Application of Institutional Resources for the Year Ended September 30, 1998 (in $000s)

Trust Funds
Donor/ Government Total
Federal General Sponsor Grants & Trust Total
Funds Trust Designated Contracts Funds FY 1998
REVENUE & GAINS:
Federal Appropriations (see Note 1) .........-.--..++---- 331,484 — = = = 331,484
Endowment Payout & Investment Income. ............... —_— 15,582 6,524 _— 22,106 22,106
Government Grants and Contracts ...................0.. —_ — — 57,320 57,320 $7,320
DONOD/ SPONSOR 1 MMeisekatouny Mcrae vena UL Mss ekalt oN edtid ai — 33,570 46,987 — 80,557 80,557
Sales and Membership Revenue ............-.-.-.0-000- — 213,109 — — 213,109 213,109
WOMS tr CHOTI he late se telertes vapel seonare--saa ably eck sane: to ivaiia nop suas or tiars 61,548 _ — — —_— 61,548
tery ee inc 5 GHA a ata Ga ran Eee ate ararken) Mgabe oGS _— 8,335 — — 8,335 8,335
TOTAL REVENUE:S: GAINS; 22:3 spn ces tthe) Ses cee ne: 393,032 270,596 $3,511 57,320 381,427 774,459
EXPENSES:
Museums & Research Institutes:
Anacostia Museum and Center for African American
FAIStOTy, ATU CULE UTe eos cee clea coutie. 2 cud dnay esis ingolalaleacey sia 1,752 702 632 _ 1,334 3,086
Archives of American ATt i235. 05 60540866600 s esos wes 1,587 123 677 —_ 800 2,387
Arthur M. Sackler Gallery/Freer Gallery of Art ......... STU 5,664 1,679 — 7,343 13,054
Center for Folklife Programs & Cultural Studies ........ 1,861 1,080 548 — 1,628 3,489
Center for Materials Research and Education .......... 2,770 111 11 7 129 2,899
Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum. ............ 2,829 2,795 992 86 3,873 6,702
Hirshhorn Museum & Sculpture Garden .............. 4,272 1,827 358 -- 2,185 6,457
National Air and Space Museum ...................- 12,340 2,742 2,843 $32 6,117 18,457
National Museum of African Art ..................-. 4,318 $20 4 —_ 524 4,842
National Museum of American Art (incl. Renwick) ...... 7,339 1,699 1,439 — 3,138 10,477
National Museum of American History ............... 18,654 2,154 3,800 16 5,970 24,624
— National Postal Museum. ...................0045- $12 93 4,972 —_ 5,065 5,577
National Museum of the American Indian. ............ 13,313 1,494 3,242 (8) 4,728 18,041
National Museum of Natural History ................. 38,324 6,391 2,509 1,784 10,684 49,008
= Museum: Support Center 0 23225. ade soca eee esis 3,170 _ 1 — 1 3,171
National Portrait Gallery e9s,s ius os knokts steal vas oe oe 4,592 452 396 — 848 5,440
National Zoological Park. si. seis; see sarscccs stews e aioe erties 18,914 1,349 1,110 710 3,169 22,083
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory .............. 24,352 6,439 1,599 49,450 57,488 81,840
Smithsonian Environment Research Center ........... S123 359 232 1,805 2,396 5,519
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute .............. 9,208 2,152 na nl 1,508 4,772 13,980
Total Museums & Research Institutes ................ 178,941 38,146 28,156 55,890 122,192 301,133
Education, Museum & Scholarly Services:
Center for Museum Studies .....................00- 1,005 113 3 — 116 Za
EAUICALOM a sens oyetas he a oat io ays otis Pauaze a ainccetteaps 733 486 154 66 706 1,439
Exiibits' Gemtrall js \srvers. s5.0.c. so aceveiens oro. oye sttyn,0.0! dese oes 2,079 86 37 — 123 2,202
Fellowships and Grants ................---2 eee eee 221 1,512 82 — 1,594 1,815
International Relations 6.06.0..6 sis cite os Sadie dared Sate 2,051 380 46 63 489 2,540
National Science Resources Center................... 216 602 141 1,130 1,873 2,089
SNE WPLOV OS theese Saeecrere ae nieraveenvien eiseor oer eek: ah ae 1,709 1,875 1,369 173 3,417 $,126
Smithsonian Institution Archives ................... 1,330 139 59 — 198 1,528
Smithsonian Institution Libraries ................... 5,889 981 177 —_ 1,158 7,047
Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service .... 2,862 599 904 — 1,503 4,365
SPONSOLE IPIO]OCESS aise ates iw sosveleiactiousss, essed wee Salers _— 940 a _— 940 940
Total Education, Museum & Scholarly Services ...... 18,095 7,713 2,972 1,432 12,1:1;7 30,212
Auxiliary Activities (Programmatic) ...................-. 1,564 101 V1 — 272 1,836
ATMeTI CaS SMUthsOniard «oe cscs wis sr6ls hose oie eiepe wud wselm asin —_— 1,611 708 — 2,319 2,319
Prior Year Annual Appropriations .....................4. 10,647 _ — — — 10,647
PL Otall eye rsyy se satrere Mevars ees mei aie, cn arp snahesa pos sisi fatiue tues eae 2 209,247 47,571 32,007 $7,322 136,900 346,147
Allocation of Facilities and Depreciation Expense .......... 106,766 4,780 —_— _— 4,780 111,546
Motil ele ay Sense iss cicero b Seeye, S Bic was ete Ris. Ri a leue ee. bes) ays 316,013 52,351 32,007 57,322 141,680 457,693
Auxiliary Activities:
Smithsonian Press / Smithsonian Productions. ........... — 17,061 —_— — 17,061 17,061
Smithsonian Magazines, c1.-cus o:cfeneieje's cng eiieie ie 8 ayeterne se — 57,581 — — 57,581 57,581
The;Smithsonian ‘Associates .< ......cc se care ees sacs woes — 32,866 —_— _— 32,866 32,866
STWRetarl er st sree orssfere.cos vere te cin BE erecta — 67,211 — — 67,211 67,211
WritvAuxihary ACHVIGES: 41.605 ae Scio ls Save wy sinia a See lalsie ce! ¢ —_— 22271 — — 22271 22,271
Total Auxiliary Activities (including Overhead) ........... _— 196,990 — — 196,990 196,990

280

Table 1. Source and Application of Institutional Resources for the Year Ended September 30, 1998 (in $000s)—(continued)

Trust Funds
Donor/ Government Total
Federal General Sponsor Grants & Trust Total
Funds Trust Designated Contracts Funds FY 1998

Administration:
Membershipjand Development 6... 2'<...0.8.0 sweet ee stews be — 2,494 16 _— 2,510 2,510
Administrative Offices (Net of Overhead Recovery) ......... 31,085 5,748 239 (2) 5,985 37,070
Total Administration before Allocation of Facilities

andiDepreciatlon EXpense’ oc oi ited otot1. eieietclac io niaceehels 31,085 8,242 259 (2) 8,495 39,580
Allocation of Facilities and Depreciation Expense .......... 15,855 360 _ — 360 16,215
OtalEA dministratiOn ete oi ia. sce rinis cant Saha see ees 46,940 8,602 255 (2) 8,855 55,795
RAGTITEIESYSCT VICES emetic be eo en paces Lge cena Ete ye ata 91,430 841 — — 841 922A
DEDIEClatOTMe apes ea toi at stare eect iatiocs fovcuy Suet teens tthacsrey eed) & ohre 31,191 4,299 — — 4,299 35,490
Allocation of Facilities Services and Depreciation to Functions (122,621) (5,140) — a (5,140) (127,761)
Total Facilities Services and Depreciation ............... _— _ — — _
MOTATHEXPENSES a2 sees a ces oe Stine sn Se et ed ge ade ode 362,953 257,943 32,262 57,320 347,525 710,478
Endowment Return Reinvested ...................00005. — (21,207) (9,618) — (30,825) (30,825)
Proceeds from ColleChOnsy: 2 Hecc% «auc sess e oe ee eS Ase _— 737 — os 737. G37.
Net increase (decrease) in net assets.................... 30,079 (7,817) 11,631 — 3,814 33,893
Net assets, beginning of the year ...................... 396,192 — — — 714,618 1,110,810
INEtiassets end Othe year cic). 210 cs cies wchegrs scone arevere 426,271 — on _ 718,432 = 1,144,703

Note 1: Includes $363 thousand revenue recognized as a permanent indefinite appropriation for the Canal Zone Biological Area Fund. Also,
includes $1,594 thousand revenue recognized in foreign currency for research projects in India.

Table 2. Auxiliary Activities, Fiscal Year 1998 (in $000s)

Sales and Net

Membership Revenue Gifts Expenses Revenue (Loss)
LEY TSIM eke afer cet eat Rade SE ea a Ee 202,467 856 183,369 19,954
FY 1998:
Central Auxiliary Activities
IVIASAZITICS Pe Aeeh Sees Ste, oft staitos os lose tols fev fayrasaiteterinlbs enasyé to ea! acie Sy telaste Me: erateiiena, ala: eraugie, afbes 70,083 4 57,581 12,506
ELIS SIMITMSOMIAaNASSOGIALES harc.< ctstere es cyou e-em bloke euyieceretereraen caren Pec ecco 32927 — 32,868 (341)
MuseumltShops/Maili@rder® oi... fetes aiecs cred sreveus 1s Gusiee aovinvn sith and uate wine 70,999 — 64,656 6,343
KE OTIGCESSION Scares rs eis eens ties CIN ike tiiciahs o tgycvvend (eit eansh ciigtcltece caseversheals Gre sides des 4,707 — 1,688 3,019
Rroduct;Mevelopmentiand LicensiNg® » ...1..0/. sics ise eiss o oreierereee nem ee eies 1,417 — 865 $52
Smithsonian Press/Smithsonian Productions ................000eeeeeeee 9,734 _ 17,061 (7,327)
Unit Auxiliary Activities
Air and Space Theater and Einstein Planetarium .......................-- 5,160 — 3,302 1,858
Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum ....................0-000005- 1,229 4 776 457
iravelingEXMIDitiOM SELVICe: as ic. Siete sedveiles a rao! cocci te sarto dg atiecendue) svetg Rlvdeieietied LD — 727 (S)
SECT ret oes betas oe e rsatn by aiauaah ern gros eters, ested ye. tag anahcaeicden ohn Sai airo ches eleanor tets 16,531 2,037 17,466 1,102
SLO) PATREY S998) wiz cecticcs Suse. wis oectelaeies cus dialed S aysterh se @ Ogio lacn wietale wae elevation 213,109 2,045 196,990 18,164

*The Business Management Office expenses were allocated to Museum Shops/Mail Order, Concessions, and Product Development and Licensing.

281

Table 3. Endowment and Similar Activities September 30, 1998 (in $000s)

Market
Value
ASSETS:
Pooled Consolidated Endowment:
Washvandlequivalemtse anc cistec 2 ste rovciskvae wotva esi paral aosiaalstel eosie bial b ome aude! liste aOers ecgl as SPST g Soba steele: wb aavaniaverts lad yearaheea/lsperavan stench ROR ROR 5,270
@EMETPRECCI VAD Lema is hte a. cue se yeas aie, Ayana coi o &yteocbdos dase eedyea genie ahnyanGa ol eldy's le. -e cele cavatuayin cere, ou up tenbhianteuet ahaa atia ois a cuvedal aeegeee tegen eee ate a 836
WS:Government,and:@Quasi-Government Obligations j:..ja.c.% <4 oes dtydse pee tock wim ayes tbe ew pgieaiia Mlep sie e wijes wich olaneae ar chewe 6 ralicneh exes 55,731
CorporatesBondsiandi@thenj@bligatlonss, 3 ors. .yatsiiays sensuovs,-ose steve oisneadqeniastinse teayecavorsnaisoC44 Use covdne ee Mleterte, faerie a) Haat GENS chee eey eee Rete 169,779
(Gommonvandwereferred:StOCKS 5. Nels ere: ells Scesete.tou nce erduacevnigiie SieweueueyShevaus « woieus uhvie tas apes a gene, a.senes aAadetoveneuebene laud gen ansu sR ROMEO LIE: Sp RRR 373,146
ReceivablefornSecurities:SOldeac cis ccevssc s ooo Sie Gs oie eee arava ete wire beta EE a witha, Gre aeanes re cas aoc etele Mov wiiene cotecayoe SPC EERORURE Hee eRe EST 15,902
WotalWPOoOled *ASSEtSi. 5 ssc Feat hic m5 wera: oiSte le: evevevace, own cdcelehe lene. esate, endl pieleee ce, mug) sdgpennh en eytue Suga les oo ated bes HSU ate Ro he Ee 620,664
Nonpooled Endowment and Similar Activities:
oariitowU:S.lreasury in Perpetuity. eas tiace's, Seto hs ee ae ob d.sigicetotees ocutalons Gusvouer a Wh sue aSroanareve «1 nfele dig ysysye Suey sensens Sucks eee eR TCrEee 1,050
IPLOIMISESstOiIGIV El Gitta ed sures eres canbe rbd vw as Shere bo knibite vw arava eave yore. avavave avdvece Gudlalew aghelie @ a-aaleteyate! be afava a aise tae shat Nes ras ina kG koeatapen AES See RE 7,387
PromisestorGive=:EharitaDle Taste oo... oy ssscP eS evenecdie re nesieeceqer ead dosiese se) s wieyei sens, siniavas al eawien te afielidle, is ebsicseca bite ser atela te. siGiws alfatene a ee aa 2,565
INOLESIRECEIVADI Cha Man chek. os ere degre sin See ue Gah S Oe Gee eda ave SNe ale aS a eG See brace ec neue Rite areeere, one AUR Bi cae a en NRO 245
Gift Anmuity RrOsramn IVES EMETIES! gy. 75 oasis oe ge ous va occas Geyaiteo-snechi969)-gua Gaya ae “ey etsia ve caus ig ai saute, avpue el save leganey st oystloia cliedees 5 lee eee eee 447
otalyNonpooledvAssets! cers serie rycyst secs exsiataustert pes 1-5 25 7a) saved Gusuey avec sis devel cae aha ececorersv alee sibs ehcds aus ieasl shaaaion traits Gira 3 ora ee ORES 11,694
MO LAPASS OES me peeeaten te sts httehe he coe dors psa Een etal aesms Ries Cag ara mya Miei ae ASOEE Sagem revtaors, cessor au Aenea cia dutta ChrenBeebe a’ Sates in ito eae cee ee 632,358
LIABILITIES AND NET ASSETS:
LIABILITIES:
Rayablespforisecurities purchased? *.o....05 06's nscera wen e eseun M ace ra See ler aaad odie aie ld Tiere mela scree wiabstesia resere geo as syaretes a: Meese eee 40,865
WefernedtRevenue— Charitable rusts: 2 say ssaneveijs.sser scs/airece siteva: eyahiaite, Guensiea eitanaiyene. oe agaaidegavz/ale eneutls we leksiele-Sydien ehenephere e Ridaas ae cosh ROM eon 25
ATAIN LAP ayAMe MME AD LIV or see cdien sec aye = fae of Gy eeus Guo 20-as,0)'sytle os alee 1o0e Semin dh Aare eyeyever eve or aba aPsisie apedatne te aussie alta =,<ya\see aoe Le 247
MPO tal ADU eS ea tet ye ta cy os (a ake afeustes suet diersenses oreo ahenccu2 fy soetehd or anecss on Sree © eRe taal So, a oer Ste OE a ene GneePeL Ohi minute nach pets nei Shona ee Tee 41,137
NET ASSETS
REFIT ESET CLOG ceceen sp circt ty acne nes on cist vans xc rapes se) arov naiics/oq on ceente taney ove ay euersairav cu ciiansususiawedeucistitew’ rausisby-aisskey Saciesicwal ewaratenaiesee. cosheueteneaheSiecss ions en ae 215,094
WrirestrictedeDesigniated. .: csi -asieisis ais aysteye: ejsvenere Studie Sudctrqneieieueyeicdne ues Fb Si slaty olde, bets se: ayes are.g Gh auele Swe wisi Gun. wo elenslad ean SEI 172,514
Wem porarilysRestrictedee ss tay. ss, cm <b sraleciei os ceanc wa WiGG IR Ce a Sie oe everaNte Oya ayeyeie eure ey iey ape nave ewayeye sie Sieve ladn Sere) atay sae ee 138,686
RELIMAMEM EY IRESTEICEC GY i pause. ca vas lavans rar eh arczytee: sua fo 40: 3 atavaenualtd al sivaiiae: or anara oy dpacacal $05 alle tars anosid © wie ein i ce cede eine evdtiond vey spas oclaeh ane ie ceeasyemedenamers 64,927
WO UAIUIN ChYASSCUSieenraray srencesices cael sie ieucre ae stetes ones, © tesa onsen a earch es UME ee eae ae ns aOR, het cee coat peyetc Re C yop ee 591,221
Motallciabilitiestand: NEtASSets: << 2)<::,casee ace arated «6 wishes. lhe ausle aie bo eevee ole arevale Sea grataliaea ive cecewarare te o-ce ers aishievn nes at etree ne 632,358
Table 4. Changes in Market Value of Endowment and Similar Activities September 30, 1998 (in $000s)
Unrestricted Temporarily Permanently
Unrestricted Designated Restricted Restricted Total
Market Value Endowment - 10/1/97 ................0000 ee aee 226,026 177,979 148,759 47,196 599,960
Changes
GURESW He eer oye Stee asegeys diay Sie ihe oseiar ec Grd dae ws eyaraveie,s-ayavens @'s — —_ _— 4,822 4,822
NratermaliranSfers oc voce. vases ois) 5. 20)s acess) efc ale, Scilzietewieiciece beds eae $24 4,061 (1,929) 4,058 6,714
Other
Imterestiand Dividends: esc seu cine bce « sBlerd Sele les: asece o ecdg les 7,614 4,568 4,914 459 17,555
IMarketaValue Depreciation +... ... loins iste: Gordie aches acs eBay serene (10,093) (8,394) (8,477) = (26,964)
AV Outer lien etter tte de ce Sil ws Sukie ciain gis andudu teva Bao (7,508) (5,700) (6,059) (459) (19,726)
INTANASCTISAFCESK Gute ac sic hes ee Sie shove dle «dials Sesvass Shacbd Saves wre (1,469) — — a (1,469)
Market Value Endowment - 9/30/98 ................2.2.-005- 215,094 172,514 137,208 56,076 580,892
IPLOUMISESHLON GIVE eieuevey ists are ow aS, E, ava vSucie @ HS esa-eiieilaansieie evens eo. _— — 920 6,467 7,387
Gharitablewirusts: ars cayacicstets cua Sh savelcdjeaesega cesmacs cos ease _— — 558 1,955 2,513
GUTATIMUI TIES Wipe ee cietcte ec cities was «/Sublbis, SS ete ea emh ares De ecees _ — _ 184 184
INOtESIREGeIVable mye scters cxcserc rere con iaie cays) ia PRA cal atard edie. ouas aubrey ete — — — 245 245
Market Value Endowment and Similar Activities - 9/30/98 ........ 215,094 172,514 138,686 64,927 391-2241

ST

Table 5. Endowment and Similar Activities September 30, 1998

Unrestricted Temporarily Permanently Total
Unrestricted Designated Restricted Restricted = Market Value
UNDESIGNATED PURPOSE - TRUE:
Avergrundi(SeeiNotett)) 220 tise ed att cobs bees sete 450,207 a — 49,334 499,541
OG BER PatriGlaipe AAs ae Re eS Saat e Sans, che ents 218,246 — — 960,518 1,178,764
Fund for the Future-Unrestricted (See Note 1) ............... 169,683 — — 931,677 1,101,360
Fund for the Future-Glass, Gilbert W. (See Note 1) ........... —_ — — 64,778 64,778
Fund for the Future-Schermer, Lloyd G. and Betty (See Note 1) . _— _ — 414,040 414,040
Fund for the Future-Holmberg, Ruth S. (See Note 1) .......... — — — 900,590 900,590
ELIS DCO MEATY AICI OT Al eset ites sth tcaicyaisiiose tyeie! oe «Sie sa lows So etbuete 146,768 a — 30,672 177,440
HoOdskins Funds (SeesNOter)) 53545 xj c.e ess eishefete Sua sv oie oo eae 394,017 —_— — 202,927 596,944
Morgan, Gilbert B. and Betty J., Memorial .................. 35,075 — _ 35,000 70,075
IMOLLOWN DWISHE Wir csese le Caetchoudiias oc siaveiaviepeqtesne Ha ass BSE GAs: 825,823 — — 100,000 925,823
MMassinanyAlTed teesec sey ouc cus, «op saeusiererace e yenksesye aesuretes aceusise wid 231,760 — = 38,990 270,750
OMS Fea elem Ay alo sele sorrcys c:iay saepetieue csi a ee @ ariel sre susie ah areeees ne 8,451 = — 1,000 9,451
Poore, Lucy T. and George W. (See Note 1) ................. 1,736,562 — — 288,941 2,025,503
Portermtienryskirke Memorial Yi 2d oor noe cance eee 3,128,562 —_ — 290,162 3,418,724
SanfordnGeorgerin (See NOTeM sees oo aie la Soaps 2 nacreysto eee ores 10,051 _ _— 2,706 120757,
Smithson jamesi(SeesNOte dl)! 52 enters oc bee ego ee es ees 203,425 — — 229,831 433,256
Smithson Society, James (See Note 1) ....................-. 277,167 _ -- 1,214,860 1,492,027
Subtotal te Pree ac se scnna seco ees REE ohh Pe echt oles 7,835,797 _ — 5,756,026 13,591,823
UNDESIGNATED PURPOSE - QUASI:
DOG GE GRatri Gia gin, <eeystt- Bucy Aaj cysts ee cb Sista! axe eee Shnaye-aveeno uae oye 282,583 — — — 282,583
joa | (3 ae hg (CH & Rote es cere See em Lc ie ee 2,077,841 — — — 2,077,841
ECT SUSON se hLATIGCS{Dages- chiey stage ates oe el olioley oy srclye, siepel ee) eee hie 68 1,014,681 — — a 1,014,681
ROTECS i BRODENG CCM a sree ee ror cosus eee ets EE ei se Sens 10,302,634 — — = 10,302,634
Fund for the Future-Unrestricted (See Note 1) ............... 820,537 — 20,000 — 840,537
General‘Endowment (See Notel) =. 2... ee eee es 181,752,962 — — — 181,752,962
Goddard Roberti yer cect. ato acicjcpotepcnsucd.c,c eve sides eroraiausle kee + 81,590 a a= 81,590
abel SIT S-\(SCCuNOCE 1) J alece ses ceas-s caysrsve a nits arsusralavaus auld cues 972 — — — 972
EXAGER GUSTAVUS Esse te cay ecnec ss) suaite 5 ys tobi sie. ai ene, helain Seo xera ood es 6,106 — — — 6,106
Verna CarOlimedceneyeis ie sa nutter ca the eis iaceh Leta o ooenaid a aurea ayers 15,059 — — — 15,059
entry NjosephianGiharnlet Au ear. aioe. eisisiais ob tie owe std deem wcseas 602,309 _— — — 602,309
Ley Se Maule Oa ark te creer ety renee’ vaiesale oe metetel nie 21 oeGye a) ote 1,002,501 _ — — 1,002,501
EAUITOR Carrie: SUSALIe oops taki oe ee oe Nee ek OR es hears 293,264 — — —_— 293,264
Kote Dorothy Bs pis. -24.5 SRR eee eis Sec nseie GG. Siaue ear eRaee 349,823 a — — 349,823
Warmibertbattlat Ge test scoot be epee once eustere erie trons cede etaiasereanre $38,031 — — — 538,031
IMCGINUS! GraCe abe oe ors o's, 5 otevelENee tas old. > cca rdcadahan sicite sone eueliecesevers 9,978 — — _ 9,978
Op Dear ar a Dien sep eens sos ysicchetfone yeyete ays! 8e atch ovate setenetevace abaya Suaye 342,568 _ — os 342,568
PHISH ROY eRe pEStALC ents se ote verses Ag oyls te Sue graven shchafove Stare ovens 1,473,414 — — —_— 1,473,414
Rhees, William Jones (See Note 1) ......- 0080.02 - cece sees 6,988 — _— — 6,988
Sattord | GlaravwtOuise: 2% 2 5 s.-00 hae Mae ae cele A oes aes 468,259 — — — 468,259
Smithsonian Bequest Fund (See Note 1).................... 4,317,371 — 57,368 — 4,374,739
SultmersDonalgibish eee. ccc cero apes cee ialde ede Bia0s S08 Sears ene 1,277,331 — —_— —_— 12775331
sas card GansOmr sc eane clere tote stern See haus ial enshises Sve esiS dceey 5,706 —_— — _— 5,706
WV ATR ECTST A TICE?I2 WavetN ans sear citecs aus oes os oisi-arsndeala aye sueiarerewrelen eee 215,622 — —_— _ 215,622
SUIDEO Calpe rtm an cpeitcre Steet ets wa 1a sense lS rade Susge lk adie dabje Ghacden 207,258,130 — 77,368 — 207,335,498
otal-Undesignated Purpose. . ecto. ce ec cee cece cee wets 215,093,927 — 77,368 5,756,026 220,927,321
DONOR DESIGNATED PURPOSE - TRUE:
PRALKETI SATANIC PATIO! ech sce Joy sayststactacts sie ssvsq3; custroe sevaihis aresstisipuetoceks — 359,051 — 325,000 684,051
PAL ULSEE FAT MCS ren verez-ascevensy susie ecUeNe orice ste. eh tacat se merratomea ave Tse cere ane — — 409,128 54,587 463,715
FXCITOG MDE VESCLIELE Rens ahd: aycneus atti eb aa els ayeeeae Daaia ayolon — — 49,124 120,000 169,124
AXelrOd, herbert Ric Evelyn, MUSIC ‘isacis ab eel so' ee on ee 0 oie — = — 950,000 950,000
Axelrod, Herbert R. & Evelyn, Revolving Chair .............. _ — _ 1,460,000 1,460,000
Paina Spencer Fullerton! 3 68s she ew eae ee Sa acclelaies dente — 364,151 — 50,362 414,513
Barney, Alice Pike, Memorial (See Note 1) ............-.-..- — 317,301 _ 828,445 1,145,746
BatchcloriEmimatbe ie. 8. 2 tire IS oes fics ewweraudias'S ayece sees =— _— 283,729 60,000 343,729
peauresard, Catherine Memofial 2... 20056066088 t secce cee — — 412,832 141,227 554,059
Bere emi Charl OtieeVainecrscrs 2 eter aan eica aan gab taceiane fare ayia panies ala dd — — 24,319 10,000 34,319
BEOW ROA GI ts Sie BOE te ok ae ee Swe eee ete — 216,593 69,041 70,295 355,929
Burch, George E. Fellowship in Theoretic Medicine and
Affiliated Theoretic:Sciences; cis scce 6 ccc hee b diss cece ee os —_ — 1,449,751 1,668,889 3,118,640
Care le iid FAs oe sacs ne State ey AUio c-tuacccignere aseuaineererendiee eos _ 37,439 76 100,800 138,315

Market Values

Table 5. Endowment and Similar Activities September 30, 1998 (continued)

Market Values

Unrestricted Temporarily Permanently Total
Unrestricted Designated Restricted Restricted = Market Value
DONOR DESIGNATED PURPOSE - TRUE: (Continued)
@anfield MErediiGkvA® h\5 2 aie tees ote ts et so peda eee ee ees _— 14,307 450,369 46,233 510,909
Gasey Sih OmasieiMCo lita. jic.5 dossier, crtssauateycderoasve ocsqecd.oe esr ecdve O4S — — 147,874 1,000 148,874
GhamberlainphraneistLea ect ysccrc nee kicw's sacs caine ce hd me ahs — — 291,277 35,000 326,277
Chinese Art Research (See Note 1) ...-........ 00 ccc e eee nee — — — 500,000 500,000
CooperFundifomPaleobiology:«.... <.....2.0 <b ietreis eee ety ae ce: eae — 332,494 13,574 247,580 593,648
Cuatrecasas, Jose; Botanical «2.2050. cs ce eh ees te cee See — 33,000 — 72,124 105,124
Cullman; JosephiF Ill (See Notel) ... 222. secece ce cee ease — — — 100,000 100,000
MavisshOUNGatiOM WM. sso.caje.s Stdere eas endre queue, lSie wp Sieieicnc ea ate bee — _ 26,188 125,000 151,188
deSallewAlbertianideResoyit. attsctcha Nea eases ogee one odds _ 4,147 16,640 65,000 85,787
Weibel: GharlesuPsit se cha kcal Ms siaveta eyed eiand se-deacd wid aomiew soace & _— 45,288 — 100,000 145,288
Discovery Communications, Inc. (See Note 1)............... — 235,278 — 2,402,262 2,637,540
Division of Mammals Curators Fund .................--.-. a 21,661 — 8,901 30,562
Dodge, Gary and Rosalind, Memorial ..................... — — 2,845 25,000 27,845
WMraket oumdatiOme sees. voc.- coe. veieaes So heave a ene Gave waes m eerdes — — 1,586,475 448,355 2,034,830
Drouet, Francis and Louderback, Harold B. ................. — —_ 412,243 254,072 666,315
Dykesi@harles,;BeQuest: ci. sc. casa cc acte tes osee oe oes oe ees — — 599,925 131,978 731,903
AtOM sETATTICH PMNS eo. oy ciitrs ivcice a nance eine lye dates co grail @rasanaes — 49,425 _ 64,403 113,828
rickemeyer, Florence BIEVOOTE ......2 nes science se cere ceees — — 115,392 10,500 125,892
EPPleyZNTEMON al Visits. sisvsnone.scuand Sieterarsvetgerw areie-Renasn namcrate oie RAT — 23,187 _ 30,214 53,401
RorbesEGwardswaldoaiive is cca cits S046, <.0,are sates, eave sraiaie #erd idle — 1,073,891 a 818,912 1,892,803
Rreers@harlesuliy.. seams tones scetess ee ade tes oe eee eens —_ 7,468,936 84,318,008 1,958,591 93,745,535
Fund for the Future-Samuel C. Johnson Theater ............. = 358,191 —_ 1,003,120 1,361,311
Fund for the Future-Mary L. Ripley Garden ................. — 6,880 26,147 129,516 162,543
Fund for the Future-Ethel Niki Kominik ................... os 43,591 a 100,000 143,591
Fund for the Future-Vincent Wilkinson ................... — $;557 14,212 144,526 164,295
Fund for the Future-Jerome and Dorothy Lemelson (See Note 1) _ — 322,771 4,943,307 $,266,078
Fund for the Future-Smithsonian Luncheon Group (See Note 1) _— 25,942 ~ 128,751 154,693
Fund for the Future-Frank J. Lukowski (See Note 1) .......... _— -= i 134,868 134,868
Fund for the Future-National Postal Museum ............... ~ oe 2,358 25,000 27,358
Fund for the Future-Craveri/Giamporcaro (See Note 1) ........ — — 475 500,000 500,475
Fund for the Future-Dutton, William C. (See Note 1) ......... — — — 10,013 10,013
Fund for the Future-Konze, Alice Stockton (See Note 1) ....... _— — a 46,840 46,840
FSG Education Program Fund (See Note 1) ................. _ os — 1,000,000 1,000,000
Global Environmental Endowment Fund .................. = 2,311 — 3,000 5,311
GIT S CT SET Ne tee sycta cate uscsvaycvsiiste counts onstrate weiava,@ efoto mpaleletere — 221,849 — 71,863 293,712
Groom BarniGkswye. isos fee. etic. siore eas 0s. comes cscs @ el netelaaPee — 195,659 — 100,000 295,659
Guggenheim, Daniel and Florence ................-..02.-. — — 948,380 251,108 1,199,488
Hamilton, James (See Note 1) .......06 006. choc ee ea cee e aces — §,731 — 4,150 9,881
Haupt EMid AsGarden i. s.0 = swisiees oy cs ae si veeerwic ee ae —_ — 1,303,698 3,106,978 4,410,676
Henderson, Edward and Rebecca R., Meteorite Fund.......... — —_ 206,186 257,256 463,442
Herman, Lloyd-E: (See Note 1)? so. .cj.. 2 cs cee is be te we een — —_ —_— 79,347 79,347
Hewitt Eleanor G:, ‘Repair Fund <0. 0.2 njs cnet eee oe eee _— 66,525 — 15,003 81,528
eWitts, Saal! COOPER 2 ase avayos ayateie orev abe eters, are alarsavereteveale, edie — 377,230 — 88,633 465,863
ily ere Vareultier evcvei: G.\istscs evesgne ns sivieciguitiee cuneate eeltein door —_ — 71,070 7,000 78,070
FirayamasFund' (See Note 1). 2..cjsc eno secs seen etn Seas — _ 85,311 2,583,247 2,668,558
ILC COCK PAIDELES! amc dac:.5. e214 wlavarsus: Erste, esize Sensis Heise oases — —_— 17,376 1,200 18,576
HModskins;Fundy(See Noted) 2a. -)sag.s.0.6 wsisa8.6 sips ovanw 6 whose sre — 48,398 — 146,012 194,410
EIOHUM SH SIT JOSEP coc ece wis ecreyonseis ere ie Gye Rees Freie a aa 4 BES — — 3,982 100,000 103,982
irdlicka; Ales and Marie io iics:s.s:0:s:sve-aceseueerecanece estue. crease wieete eels — 394,325 111,982 71,000 577,307
AAU PINES pBTUGE etches yc fe) uate ole ere satan =) Sim: Sie selene 5, 85/0 eo 8%%) «ei eve or _ 212,684 9,352 222,036
Huntington Publication Fund (See Note 1) ................. _— 205,345 — 508,960 714,305
Johnson, Seward, Trust Fund for Oceanography ............. — — 35,574,549 3,415,606 38,990,155
Kellogg, Remington and Marguerite, Memorial .............. — 364,911 — 223,178 588,089
Kottler, Howard, Endowment for Ceramic Art............... —_ 3,463 18,882 75,000 97,345
Kraan Na Gla Ween saves Agia /2.c.av'5,5 “says, 2 else iste ee vareeutacue zpense ws bubs = 21,030 7,974 12,103 41,107
INTOMBEMM ARAL Vises o cise wicacne, De betes ce bieaga sa ere nase nee ees — 8,709 14,653 52,180 75,542
angehanhandeRulie. vce ieee cee e wide setae wa mdree ges s = — 5,708 200,000 205,708
Lang, Hank and Ru, Educational ......................... — 30,605 _ 117,723 148,328
Lichtenberg, William R. & NoraH. ...............000 2 cece _ — = $0,000 $0,000
Mandil, Harry and Beverly ......... 2.2... cece eee eee eens — — 62,969 100,000 162,969
Mashantucket Pequot Nation ...................2-0 00005 _ — 89,253 500,000 $89,253
MaxwellWiMaryEiprvctcys, <a ienalsiavs <helefepe sore s.cisegs. 5.0 ou,ei8 6 © Giels 8 — 163,368 44,128 20,000 227,496
Mellon Foundation-Advanced Studies in Plant Science Research — — _— 1,150,000 1,150,000
Mellon Foundation Challenge Grant/Endowment ........... — 613,372 — 655,465 1,268,837
Mellon Publications Endowment Fund ..................-- —_ 288,155 285,933 900,000 1,474,088
Milliken, H. Oothout, Memorial.......................05- — 2,379 — 443 2,822
Mineral FENGOWMEMtH er ue yeas. oc sinit.s sictbebeyatrets os arora ae — —_— 844,834 179,008 1,023,842
INtitChellmVValliameAtn amt sprarcisretacestcy syste etar av syencts cys euath oieiah crave on 115,694 — 24,072 139,766

284

Table 5. Endowment and Similar Activities September 30, 1998 (continued)

SS SSE a RR IE AES 1 ERE ero rN ee Ne a baie
Market Values

Unrestricted Temporarily Permanently Total
Unrestricted Designated Restricted Restricted Market Value
—— as
DONOR DESIGNATED PURPOSE - TRUE: (Continued)

Moynihan} Elizabeth Brennan 9ii2's..2,22.0 ... save Secu ajoace vis — — 16,598 50,161 66,759
Museum of the American Indian-Heye Foundation .......... — 706,499 _— 920,587 1,627,086
NMAI Educational Endowment Fund (See Note 1) ........... — 50,630 — 273,047 323,677
INMAT George Heye! Genter (See'Note-1) 3.2...55) 0. cece ees — — — $33,500 $33,500
BN@LMSHELETINIT Sita che Laat cpp te tip ane ise enty bi pers esOceecatociue its — 173,743 a 218,001 391,744
INelsoneEdwardyWalliatn aii, crop teverace ath ans Avocent, na uaversvele ies — 177,648 49,971 30,000 257,619
INesbittlowelll ys stinc cena tenses a cyoctives.strigauereysecaueared eon _— _— 8,863 20,000 28,863
Retrocellisjoseph Memorial... 2c.6.2 sccce sie Bap ergeere aie cuss es 0 — —_— 76,291 10,000 86,291
REIGWAddisonwen(SeeNOLE: 1) ie, Me torsos Duane: eyors eroucrotyev/dyclens — — 211,950 20,561 232,511
Ripley, S. Dillion and Mary Livingston ..................... a 223,044 63,491 197,080 483,615
IROEDHT SHRUTI 6s ae pa esceevaistete a ecole venelsd outa ithbes levawiiera le eaees _— _- 1,241,647 150,000 1,391,647
RollinsaMiriamiand! William tos): ie) 554 neh Sebo one sieves sce — 2,401,213 — 691,493 3,092,706
SacklerjEise Flower: < s.oi- 22S ep eas auairc tata wus deus bs, endes — —_— 37,146 398,237 435,383
SaeklemPuphcAtfairs) 0 ccis,c: crate a°s ssuaicriee sah me eras are orans — — 1,293,826 2,856,875 4,150,701
SGHMITES) OLN sees aye cic -arefeesenie Shere yo cana, Ipoh wig ewiai a. svakels _ 14,442 _— 18,817 33,259
The Sichel Family, Endowment for Research at the NZP ....... — 8,334 33,749 400,000 442,083
SIASMGEOTSER WH: fae speierterse ter cna cata, oa ctewene Wana tec ade one aa _ 193,515 — 110,000 303,515
SISIEVAGEOTSEN Meee teva ce Seah) Mesias eye acetone. o's MA ERE ose sais CO _ 22,782 154,980 926,650 1,104,412
SPIASUCHEUNG yeas a cere cise ee gis osre ce me oe we es ar Oe — 13,539,840 — 4,949,996 18,489,836
SPH SCT ETAT RO regs ager gays istcic eimye ates ee einige ye eee ewe sea _— 137,383 40,281 30,000 207,664
Stauopangied Banner (See'Note:d)) 2... 2. eve ee eae — — — 100,000 100,000
StermmuraroldsP Memorial accuprns, 36.6 2 2 capes misyenee a suole arenes _— 1,140,304 384,662 458,101 1,983,067
Stevenson, John A., Mycological Library ................... — 35,677 11,005 10,053 56,735
Stuart MaryarlOrmen oyster... ieee cpateya cn a. eh tedeusherteers #a,s) acne es & —_— — 429,426 291,426 720,852
shuippersbarl:Ss (See NOTE) aan so scie a, sie co Savane euapers «Goer A sien — 1,439,423 _ 6,725,650 8,165,073
Walcott, Charles D.and Mary Vaux, Research ............... _ 1,521,134 — $74,743 2,095,877
Walcott Research Fund, Botanical Publications .............. —_ 622,274 —_ 80,124 702,398
Wels ADE ORT IWE Siieocs 5 cen ete ee ac eo ede Aattehs oun ebe-e yas _ — 2,211 4,577 6,788
Wetmore, Alexander, Fund for Ornithology (See Note 1) ...... — _ _— 448,868 448,868
Williams (BlaitanG EISIG', 2 eccayeve.aiectta sous) cj lece WE aS ohaieu oaueds — 30,408 — 39,622 70,030
Williston, Samuel Wendell, Diptera Research ............... —_— 26,887 12,895 32,942 72,724
Wineland'!Research Libtary = Aste ote .d acc cde tiine ose. an — _ 123 41,160 41,283
Woolfenden, William J. (See Note 1) .................0000- — = — 126,127 126,127
Wood, Elizabeth B. and Laurence I. (See Note 1) ............. — — — 209,685 209,685
ZETHCCMETANGES DEMICKIC orsjai= eye sass cn euch @ ciachcne none ne — 7,801 2,118 1,000 10,919
Zitkle Nancy: BENTeNG: i515 ef-s drcheye weiisoravens o ereueiains! tual ee 2s _ 30,014 _ 117,868 147,882

SUDO tA seers orescence ee wri S ee a en Maske aih oe — 36,668,364 135,025,558 $8,596,509 230,290,431

DONOR DESIGNATED PURPOSE - QUASI:

PADDOtES Matic BONITIM <, 252% ave. a:'eds ins:c0ey sitlte.e ree sone sszieie- de xe 4. slenane — 282,895 — _ 282,895
Aschivesiof American ATt® oo js 6022.2 eae bee oh ocyers Fees a wais 7 505,552 —_— = 505,552
AETHS{tTON 3 EAWiIn JaMes, i... sess ded exercise oso eo apecero sro are-o ahs —_ 52,651 _ _ $2,651
PRIBUR ATCT PL CUT Ay os rays yang eyeet =. eg Sus Ae dace apa AOE ais Silene cuens — 199,797 —_ —_— 199,797
BACOMP VATSINIAIPUTAY? aise 2 opetciece eaves ue esse RAN Boteys. + God 3: oem —_ 964,435 — —_— 964,435
aber a (RODEEE ai aleretscere jhe Seene. cus sib heed cece RIOR fis rane azn — 71,003 91,248 —_— 162,251
BECKET AG COTSE*F a6. otis see REC rane ae ese hh Reems Ob asics oa 1,669,257 — —_ 1,669,257
The Cafritz Foundation Fund (See Note 1).................. — 494 500,000 — 500,494
Compton Bertita Ez =. 8 5 -eS sss, leone 260 ob te eee san eee eet _ 25,020 286,820 — 311,840
Gompton, Bertita-E.,,. Memorial’... 22.02.02. 08 bei cou eens es — 3,642 32,000 —_— 35,642
Cooper Hewitt Acquisition Endowment Fund ............... _— 828,028 _— _ 828,028
Waniziger, Richard (See Note 1) .......2-...00 0 ence esee en aale _— — 500,000 _ 500,000
Davis,.Gene, Memorial, ...22 Sed 22 we secu. balees deswiesee ts _— 411,322 — — 411,322
Denghausen, Cuisita L. and Franz‘H. ......22 00 cae ese ee gene — 18,358,871 308,906 — 18,667,777
DCSAUITEISAP AU ibis ctencysrs eee Aee cys Wate lave shale tote cievones tra oes, state es oH 30,642 — — 30,642
EV ALIS RACIIAT GC We ieyeysrnen eS reps oy Sco, nea ond sates aan Dkeyind wiavaneiere's ¢ — (6,160) 68,137 — 61,977
Friends of Music Endowment Fund ..................20005 — 200,490 — — 200,490
GAVCTAG OL OM ea yoyesosus wane nee ysietieaee op sces nh exes butoueuci titer fo eiesven esses _ 27,543 — a 27,543
FiaaseGloria; FelOWSHID: cis:s:sccim fucerccs: on. aie sige gain nsio ayes 13;227 26,329 — 39,556
Hachenbergh, George P. and Caroline ...............2-.-4- — 50,740 — — $0,740
ElasenmWarl:(SEE/INOtE: 1)! 312.5 erecta lee eo SEMEN ches, dave eens — — 240,655 — 240,655
Hammond, John Performance Series Fund ................- — 536,993 — — 536,993
Hanson, Martin Gustav and CarolineR. .................-. — 105,530 — —_— 105,530
Hirshhorn Collections Endowment Fund .................- == 14,029,723 — — 14,029,723
Hirshhorn, Joseph H., Bequest Fund ..................-+-- — 2,683,656 _— — 2,683,656
se FIONA LLUSE FUNG: 2c \ens eve jc pcecers vers. 4, 4 sobig.g .e bio are lewis Gs _ 8,964,344 — — 8,964,344
heeiOleria Trust Fund Mee cs Neg aes «cosine atertecine cieiaieieeiefees — 3,838,335 _ _ 3,838,335

285

Table 5. Endowment and Similar Activities September 30, 1998 (continued)
Market Values

Unrestricted Temporarily — Permanently Total
Unrestricted Designated Restricted Restricted = Market Value
DONOR DESIGNATED PURPOSE - QUASI: (Continued)
sihetHoleniavimust:Funa sll. - BRA siciee soothe shee cee 's oo eens = 1,288,711 — _ 1,288,711
Houchins, Lee and Chang-Su (See Note 1) .................. — — 74,017 — 74,017
PunterdomEndowment iy. ctesine secs are saints 11 QGebee ewe dos oceans _— 36,110,132 — — 36,110,132
VOhnsoneEsRskenimMoOrey | eco csc eh s osu eae ee oe See — 78,135 a _— 78,135
Johnsons anetyWi Ge exyeiimnsroresess wo cytes cele e oa Fie alele Slee fas ene _ (9,847) 125,000 —_— 115,153
Keyzer-Andre, Henri, Conservation Internship .............. — 4,477 144,893 — 149,370
KISH DTA WIN GS SAPTINUSy fecteyereust wale dere a Soave ayo tia a eRe ae — 714 25,000 — 25,714
Lane, Robert and Mildred Katchmar ................-..--. — 392,035 —_ _— 392,035
ECO NIORIIS sewn diary oh oie ois Sldecen oe ve.siake Dain oe Rene ere arsndieteed — 1,046,621 — - 1,046,621
Mone wAnmetievk. an@ EGith Ce oo. cos eee pate us eles ke ee — 6,464 —_— — 6,464
Moure-RichardiMemorial’ 2g encrs cee ckine ence boesanene ss — 99,317 —_— — 99,317
McGovern] OMINP ere Sy hvartrete cians 5 Saree Sara wy Aare eet BE Renee — 25,101 87,798 — 112,899
McEaushlanyeMMOmastse to fs soir s 5.4 sue dies S dutilont efor Gace ares — 137,855 _ — 137,855
Merrellmblinor tena sae ccc. te S efehe dS epee ne die aye e elem erence - $44,968 60,469 — 605,437
MyeraGath erine: Walden: si. Sateiert sie cara ge sete dc leserisiaces — 239,871 — — 239,871
INOYESHETARKIB) yet sisiarot cad cploicya ee aaa naa Sew ee a eee ee — 12,090 — ~ 12,090
ING YES ME AULIMNGNRI SS pera a saa te eslaeleious cis ose aleunntaeccsaieis orn. eis — 98,066 _— — 98,066
OrthEdward J Memorial. 2c... 2 ee cede le ee ne ee we olen - 2,523 23,354 — 25,877
Pell Gornelia LivingstOn «001... cen sees eee ee oe eee nes — 88,553 _— _ 88,553
eluamn bP ON ry ths Mercer ats sees /avendneie, s/o side ans eneatuctarecpausreoe areyere — 221,470 a — 221,470
Ramsey, Adm. and Mrs. Dewitt Clinton .................... _— 1,868,548 _ — 1,868,548
Rathbun; Richard; Memorial 3.2... 0000 0csecc cee cstecsewes — 126,881 — J 126,881
Reeves, Douglas F. and Sanae lida (See Note 1) .............. — — 186,258 — 186,258
Ripley S: DillomebiDrary 2:5. sce sissies ise sis 8 sso syayeis @ syste Sve: eave aos _ 243,788 168,218 _ 412,006
Roebling Solar Research osc evavsie ena esis wave Sota 'e ent Hae wisi eee s —_— 272,797 — — 272,797
Ross; Arthur Garden and Terrace 2... 6.0... ccc cece cece sess — 293,870 618,474 — 912,344
RUCTHBETtH ACME dss. 25 so cee ehevudidie's wee arsuscrey srenttonsieiere.ofeus acess — 304,493 _ — 304,493
Sehultz Leonards Pe susie s:sic! acs, dickens arose ws 4 ates erghaseasdsnae eatiacs sls a 250,334 — —_— 250,334
Seid ellPATMertOnese.s, taster aa eat gavtwe, ays, cieraptyn oreyacane denen ereus os _ 6,594,930 — —_— 6,594,930
Smithsonian Institution Libraries ..............-22..-.2.-2.. — 520,421 15,627 — $36,048
STON Sy Ula les sere oeie co cbswleneis weed siareiesrejels sloisies © 2 — 119,227 — — 119,227
Witherspoon, Thomas A., Memorial ...........-.....----- — 1,529,836 —_— — 1,529,836
Sib tOtald sreeetees tenes: cic cgaicner ie toneniese sie leeeheoaisicderernis Scvsaece eve > 106,360,411 3,583,203 — 109,943,614
TotalbDonor Designated Purpose 3s... ste e Se cic ewes se eee — 143,028,775 138,608,761 $8,596,509 340,234,045
BOARD DESIGNATED PURPOSE - TRUE:
Walcott, Charles D. and Mary Vaux, Research ..............- _ 4,753,991 — $74,182 5,328,173
SUDO take ereretystaete eect tape, se fever aberee wteqiiace choice cote xvas tere _ 4,753,991 — $74,182 5,328,173
BOARD DESIGNATED PURPOSE - QUASI:
AbbOteaWilliamiUciisei, 4 cients seas he cies, cee wa citer eens — 1,415,752 — 1,415,752
BAT SLO WigETOCTIGHINS Jeretara eeiavsen aya 7 sane aise rales Siereras essa tha, Hasler — 11,833 _— —_— 11,833
Cooper Hewitt Masters Program for Education .............. — 238,118 — 238,118
Heekscher, August, EXHIDIHOM «222 ces cnc dees sce ew sees — 165,087 a -~ 165,087
Hirshhorn Museum Acquisition Fund ..................... — 4,003,883 _— _ 4,003,883
Jackson,'Charles:Bremmer HOSS! ais esc sis «sis eves goe ae satelerd on ees —_ 2,166,918 _— _— 2,166,918
Lindbergh Chair of Aerospace History ...........-2--.-.-.. —_ 4,903,372 = — 4,903,372
BindbershhiGharlestA. a. fsccchte sec. nsicic a elgrewteke OG cusses — 78,944 = — 78,944
YOMra Marcus: Ward) JI. is side ei eterete wesc cesie eens aie ee sie ein erere — 53,703 _— — 53,703
MartintMarietta:Intemship'..c8.000-0ccce cde nmaiga ncaa naceins — 352,345 — _ 352,345
INIMINEGResSearent scciisis cle sie c fitie ogc cin sy ow sie Rane ware Cosi@leneds — 232,662 — — 232,662
INZPAPTOSTAMSofaccsices: sieteie bcetuciay tule’ afeis grtieeSieisie > Se.+ ite — 4,619,930 — — 4,619,930
SAO Directors ENdGOWMENE: < .occe.c.cje eo ccc eas we tana e eee waaia ees —_ 247,236 —_ _ 247,236
Smithsonian Institution Libraries General Support .........-.. _ 29,158 — _ 29,158
Smithsonian Press Scholarly Books Fund ............-...-.. — 3,436,092 - _ 3,436,092
Webbiijamessb: SRElOWSHIP a orc0<. esse 6 oe, «: lepare eusierensiere vars ars — 2,283,094 — —_ 2,283,094
Women’s'\Committee Fellowship. .........2- 560.22 es eee — 492,924 = — 492,924 — |
Subtotalisypescrrterpecrctice oe oo olkc wis no seh staas Sloe aut aie bats a 24,731,051 — — 24,731,051 |
Total Board Designated Purpose .................0 000s e eee — 29,485,042 _ 574,182 30,059,224 |
TOTAL ENDOWMENT AND SIMILAR ACTIVITIES ..........--- 215,093,927 172,513,817 138,686,129 64,926,717 591,220,590 |

Note 1: Invested all or in part in nonpooled investments

286

Table 6. Construction and Plant Funds, Fiscal Years 1998 and 1997 (in $000s)
FY 1998 FY 1997

FUNDS PROVIDED

Federal Construction Appropriations:
National ZoologicallParkersc oat. ss\lo2ucis fetes esstomeesshenstohctea niet sieiciaty Bsien cxcia tea evel atest e gana ialens sie Clerooee enero oo 3,850 3,850
Reparrand: REStoratviom Of Buln gS ye coi 5 al dve ct ave weve eacrnre 6 Se eta ayes thaws eee ora epaye Shandon ar aye aston d Sue: dv cielo tou bee 32,000 39,000
Construction Planning’ and Minor Constructions Aes S Ns Sac 5s Lpspepettilays Qpetiale © siee teorh ee las sche ees tie Gertie —_ 3,000
NationalyMuseumisof the American ImGian « staasyeus mysden qisrcpsadoussinuh alle, avoita gy dicvid! Said sure 6 lpah Sia po BPS Spa to4e colidutinanchs feist eyenyy « 29,000 4,000
National yAinand Space Museum Dues EXtensiOn: 22 cGh sexe uaiinysye sare. sors queers o- cyaph ake. eyend-e cases pw: suai ators ovdsecs @ ieiave 4,000 3,000
frotalykederal Consimuction-AppropHations® 2). theese eee ce oe Sante hh RSS Re Mle lee 68,850 52,850

Nonappropriated Trust Plant Funds:

Income - Gift and Other
Coopers Hewitt, National/DesigniMuseumt "havi se tes sd apie ys oe otal barca nthe SQM Stebel cia aisha bie eases, sat whe enets 1,400 1,670
INationaliMuseum-of:the:Americamlndiant c:cece wtitcc oie SRA ois siete le Sajna nine tba dea Meee costae 2 Mears 3,477 4,629
NationalyMuseumiofiNaturalsbistory = Germ Hall: 6 cian i ss. ccs tera nace ores ore, op suggoueitsecd apatarsieleyarelspee cnzuadoptac, anzvergeh cheters 359 963
NationalWAinand'’S pace: Museum PullessEXtenSiOn.-1..c.5...0 5 acs ee eos Gioia so hab Sik eek ays CIs sous cet la alee sie diata eye _ 500
OP eter sree eo oS oie fa) suspen STS see: Site fos: Sys s. iow, dase S_leuss sytitas oi Saas Sie: aud; aycos Dey sije BYES Pine es ale ih eietisla g ataa ue aconauer sl steeutins) eens & 10 13
HOtaliTUSt RESOUTCES crvjnk ie Secacle fo stens, Sree pave susie Te cae, wages Cay egestas Se echrauis sia voy Svs up OARN ET SaratreCe) enpnscd nck ORE TOM an Seats aT ATO TERENAS alteh 5,246 7,775

sotalphurids Provided gers casters tries tec ieresc cea er oce Seveia sm, Gnesi grec Oee oS Rw tune ore ew ee eee S ecwines Oimleweee aise « 74,096 60,625

Independent Auditors’ Report

BOARD OF REGENTS
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION:

We have audited the accompanying statement of financial
position of the Smithsonian Institution (Smithsonian) as of
September 30, 1998, and the related statements of financial
activity and cash flows for the year then ended. These
financial statements are the responsibility of the
Smithsonian’s management. Our responsibility is to express

an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with generally ac-
cepted auditing standards. Those standards require that we
plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance
about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis,

by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial
statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a
reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above
present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position
of the Smithsonian Institution as of September 30, 1998, and
its changes in net assets and its cash flows for the year then
ended, in conformity with generally accepted accounting
principles.

evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the Washington, D.C. KPMG LLP
financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the January 13, 1999
accounting principles used and significant estimates made
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
Statement of Financial Position September 30, 1998 (in thousands)
Total Funds
Trust Federal
Funds Funds 1998 1997
Assets:
Cash and balances with the U.S. Treasury 5,193 200,636 205,829 197,048
Receivables and advances (note 3) 69,460 16,066 85,526 69,529
Prepaid and deferred expenses (note 2) 15,663 _ 15,663 16,956
Other assets (note 5) 4,300 — 4,300 4,300
Inventory 20,254 921 21,175 18,959
Investments (note 6) 646,455 _— 646,455 609,660
Property and equipment, net (note 9) 1197739) 440,103 559,842 $16,496
Collections (note 5) _ _ — _
Total assets $ 881,064 657,726 1,538,790 1,432,948
Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses 35,790 34,080 69,870 69,512
Net payable for investment securities purchased 24,963 — 24,963 1,001
Deferred revenue $0,505 _ 50,505 $3,602
Debt (note 10) 41,526 _— 41,526 1,000
Deposits held for affiliates (note 11) 4,864 = 4,864 3,933
Accrued annual leave 4,984 14,752 19,736 19,290
Unexpended federal appropnations — 182,623 182,623 173,800
Total liabilities 162,632 231,455 394,087 322,138
Net assets:
Unrestricted:
Funds functioning as endowments (note 7) 387,608 — 387,608 404,005
Operational balances 63,673 426,271 489,944 471,377
Total unrestricted net assets 451,281 426,271 877,552 875,382
Temporarily restricted:
Funds functioning as endowments (note 7) 138,686 a 138,686 149,089
Donor contributions for ongoing programs 63,538 _ 63,538 29,877
Total temporarily restricted net assets 202,224 — 202,224 178,966
Permanently restricted:
True endowment (note 7) 62,972 _— 62,972 54,560
Interest in perpetual and other trusts 1,955 —_ 1,955 1,902
Total permanently restricted net assets 64,927 _ 64,927 $6,462
Total net assets 718,432 426,271 1,144,703 111,0810
Commitments and contingencies (note 12)
Total liabilities and net assets $ 881,064 657,726 1,538,790 1,432,948

See accompanying notes to the financial statements.

ied
co
co

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
Statement of Financial Activity For the Year Ended September 30, 1998 (In thousands)

Unrestricted
Temporarily Permanently Total
Trust Federal Restricted Restricted
Funds Funds Total Trust Funds Trust Funds 1998 1997

Operating revenue:
Government funding and other revenue:

Federal appropriations $ — 393,032 393,032 _— —_ 393,032 383,468
Government grants and contracts 57,320 _ 57,320 _ — 57,320 56,703
Short-term investment income (note 8) 2,374 _— 2,374 6 _— 2,380 1,924
Endowment payout (note 8) 13,208 —_ 13,208 6,059 459 19,726 18,174
Private grants 5,682 — 5,682 7,318 — 13,000 7,708
Rentals, fees, and commissions 8,335 _— 8,335 _ — 8,335 14,055
Auxiliary activities (note 15) 213,109 — 213,109 _— — 213,109 202,467
Total government funding and other revenue 300,028 393,032 693,060 13,383 459 706,902 684,499
Contributions:
Program support 27,888 — 27,888 27,851 8,003 63,742 37,924
Construction of facilities _ _ = 3,815 — 3,815 6,422
Total contributions 27,888 _— 27,888 31,666 8,003 67,557 44,346
Total operating revenue and support 327,916 393,032 720,948 45,049 8,462 774,459 728,845
Net assets released from restrictions 12,170 _ 12,170 (12,170) — _ —
Total operating revenue, support and other additions 340,086 393,032 733,118 32,879 8,462 774,459 728,845
Expenses:
Research 73,953 127,644 201,597 — — 201,597 190,042
Collections management 2,729 57,128 59,857 — _— $9,857 $6,545
Education, public programs, and exhibitions 30,506 77,304 107,810 — _ 107,810 130,158
Auxiliary activities (note 15) 196,990 — 196,990 _ _ 196,990 183,369
Administration 25,950 98,984 124,934 = — 124,934 122,471
Advancement 10,459 — 10,459 — — 10,459 9:353:
Total expenses 340,587 361,060 701,647 _ _— 701,647 691,938
Inctease (decrease) in net assets from operations (501) 31,972 31,471 32,879 8,462 72,812 36,907
Endowment return in excess of (less than) payout (note 8) (21,207) — (21,207) (9,621) 3 (30,825) 109,283
Change in net assets related to collection items not capitalized
(note 5):
Proceeds from sale 737 oa 737 — — 737 2,719
Collection items purchased (6,938) (1,893) (8,831) — — (8,831) (9,358)
Inctease (decrease) in net assets (27,909) 30,079 2,170 23,258 8,465 33,893 139,551
Net assets, beginning of the year 479,190 396,192 875,382 178,966 56,462 1,110,810 971,259
Net assets, end of the year $ 451,281 426,271 877,552 202,224 64,927 1,144,703 1,110,810

See accompanying notes to the financial statements.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
Statement of Cash Flows For the Year ended September 30, 1998 (In thousands)
Total Funds
Trust Federal a ee
Funds Funds 1998 1997

Cash flows from operating activities:
Increase in net assets $ 3,814 30,079 33,893 139,551
Adjustments to reconcile increase in net assets to net
cash provided by operating activities:

Proceeds from sales of collections (737) _ (737) (2,719)
Collection items purchased 6,938 1,893 8,831 9,358
Depreciation 7,388 38,493 45,881 37,938
Loss on disposition of assets 364 219 583 1,339
Contributions for increases in endowment (4,822) — (4,822) (2,916)
Contributions for construction of property (3,815) — (3,815) (6,422)
Appropriations for repair, restoration and construction _ (68,850) (68,850) (52,850)
Investment income restricted for long-term investment (462) — (462) (419)
Provision for doubtful accounts 27t — PAS 792
Net realized and unrealized loss (gain) on investments 26,505 —_ 26,505 (107,160)
Decrease (increase) in assets:
Receivables and advances (18,325) (1,698) (20,023) (9,564)
Prepaid and deferred expenses 1,293 — 1,293 6,603
Other assets — — _— (300)
Inventory (2,133) (83) (2,216) 1,268

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
Statement of Cash Flows For the Year ended September 30, 1998 (In thousands)

Total Funds
Trust Federal
Funds Funds 1998 1997
Adjustments to reconcile net increase in net assets to net
cash provided by operating activities: (continued)
Increase (decrease) in liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses (299) 657 358 5,586
Net payable for investment securities purchased 23,962 _ 23,962 (16,635)
Deferred revenue (3,097) — (3,097) 2,555
Deposits held for others 931 — 931 (2,950)
Accrued annual leave 169 277 446 (1,489)
Unexpended federal appropriations — 8,823 8,823 (9,920)
Net cash provided from operating activities 37,951 9,810 47,761 (8,354)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sales of collections 737 — 737 2,719
Collection items purchased (6,938) (1,893) (8,831) (9,358)
Purchase of property and equipment (20,824) (68,986) (89,810) (90,789)
Purchases of investment securities (750,907) — (750,907) (865,439)
Proceeds from the sales of investment securities 687,607 — 687,607 901,596
Net cash used in investing activities (90,325) (70,879) (161,204) (61,271)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Contributions for increases in endowment S$ 8,571 — 8,571 7,605
Contributions for construction of property 3,815 — 3,815 6,422
Appropriations for repair, restoration and construction _ 68,850 68,850 $2,850
Investment income restricted for long-term purpose 462 _ 462 419
Proceeds from issuance of debt 40,526 — 40,526 S00
Repayments of debt —- _ _ (2,597)
Net cash provided from financing activities $3,374 68,850 122,224 65,199
Net increase (decrease) in cash and balances with the U.S. Treasury 1,000 7,781 8,781 (4,426)
Cash and balances with the U.S. Treasury:
Beginning of the year 4,193 192,855 197,048 201,474
End of the year § 5,193 200,636 205,829 197,048

Cash paid for interest during fiscal years 1998 and 1997 was $1,332,000 and $58,000, respectively.

See accompanying notes to the financial statements.

(1) Organization

The Smithsonian Institution was created by act of Congress in 1846 in accordance
with the terms of the will of James Smithson of England, who, in 1826, bequeathed
his property to the United States of America “to found at Washington, under the
name of the Smithsonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion
of knowledge among men.” After receiving the property and accepting the trust, Con-
gress vested responsibility in the Smithsonian Board of Regents (Board) to administer
the trust.

The Smithsonian Institution (Smithsonian) is a museum, education and research
complex of 16 museums and galleries, the National Zoological Park, and other re-
search facilities. Research is carried out in the Smithsonian’s:museums and facilities
throughout the world. The Smithsonian’s extensive collections number over 140 mil-
lion objects. During fiscal year 1998, over 28 million individuals visited the Smith-
sonian museums and other facilities.

The Smithsonian receives its funding from federal appropriations, private gifts and
grants, government grants and contracts, investment income, and various business
activities, including the Smithsonian magazines and other publications, a mailorder
catalogue, museum shops, and food services. A substantial portion of the Smith-
sonian’s annual operating budget is funded from annual federal appropriations. Cer-
tain construction projects have been completely funded from federal appropriations,
while others are funded using amounts raised from private sources, or by a combina-
tion of federal and private funds.

290

Federal operating and construction funding are both subject to the annual federal
appropriations process, and therefore the potential exists for reductions in approved
federal funding that would significantly impact the Smithsonian’s operations.

These financial statements do not include the accounts of the National Gallery of
Art, the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, or the Woodrow Wilson
International Center for Scholars, which were established by Congress within the
Smithsonian, but are administered by independent boards of trustees.

(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

These financial statements present the financial position, financial activity, and cash
flows of the Smithsonian on the accrual basis of accounting. Funds received from
direct federal appropriations are reported as Federal Funds in the financial statements.
All other funds are reported as Trust Funds.

(a) Trust Funds
All non-appropriated activities are classified as trust funds, income from which arises
primarily from contributions, grants and contracts, net investment income, and auxil-
jary activities. Trust net assets are classified and reported as follows:

Unrestricted net assets
Net assets that are not subject to any donor-imposed or other legal stipulations on
the use of the funds. Funds functioning as endowments in this category represent

unrestricted assets which have been designated by management or the Board for
longterm investment.

Temporarily restricted net assets
Net assets subject to donor-imposed stipulations on the use of the assets that may be
met by actions of the Smithsonian and/or the passage of time. Funds functioning as
endowments in this category represent donor-restricted contributions that have been
designated by management or the Board for longterm investment. Donor contribu-
tions represent unspent gifts and promises-to-give of cash and securities subject to
donor-imposed restrictions which have not yet been met.

Permanently restricted net assets
Net assets subject to donor-imposed stipulations that the principal be maintained
permanently by the Smithsonian. Generally, the donors of these assets permit the
Smithsonian to use all or part of the income earned on investment of the assets for
either general or donor-specified purposes.

(b) Federal Funds
The Smithsonian receives federal appropriations to support the Smithsonian’s operat-
ing salaries and expenses, repair and restoration of facilities, and construction. Federal
appropriation revenue is classified as unrestricted and recognized as an exchange trans-
action as expenditures are incurred. The liability reported as unexpended appropria-
tions represent either goods and services that have been ordered but not yet received
or appropniated funds that have not yet been obligated.

The Smithsonian received appropriations for operations of $333,408,000 in fiscal
year 1998. Federal appropriations for operations are generally available for obligation
only in the year received. In accordance with Public Law 101-510, these annual ap-
propriations are maintained by the Smithsonian for five years following the year of
appropriation, after which the appropriation account is closed and any unexpended
balances are returned to the U.S. Treasury. During fiscal year 1998, the Smithsonian
returned $2,193,000 to the U.S. Treasury which represents the unexpended balance for
fiscal year 1993.

Federal appropriations for repair and restoration of facilities and construction are
generally available for obligation until expended.

(c) Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets
and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of reve-
nues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those
estimates, however, management does not believe that actual results will be materially
different from those estimates.

(da) Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying value of financial instruments in the financial statements approximates
fair value.

(e) Cash and Balances with U.S. Treasury
Amounts represent cash deposited with financial institutions, balances held by the
U.S. Treasury that are available for disbursement, and a repurchase agreement totaling
$7,810,000 at September 30, 1998.

(f) Investments
The Smithsonian’s marketable equity and debt securities are reported at fair value
based on quoted market prices. Changes in fair value are recognized in the statement
of financial activity. Purchases and sales of investments are recorded on the trade date.
Investment income is recorded when earned, and realized gains and losses on the sale
of investments are recognized on the trade date basis using the average cost method.
As mandated by Congress, the Smithsonian maintains two $500,000 Treasury invest-
ments relating to the original James Smithson gift.

(g) Contributions Receivable
Contributions receivable that are expected to be collected within one year are reported
net of any estimated uncollectible amounts. Contributions expected to be collected
beyond one year are also discounted to present value. Conditional contributions
Teceivable are not recorded until material conditions have been met.

(h) Inventories
Inventories are reported at the lower of cost or market, and consist primarily of
merchandise inventory, books, recordings, and office supplies. Cost is determined
using the first-in, first-out method.

(i) Deferred Revenue and Expense

Revenue from subscriptions to Smithsonian magazine and Air & Space/Smithsonian
Magazine is recognized over the period of the subscription, generally one year.

Promotion production expenses are recognized when related advertising materials
are released. Direct-response advertising relating to the magazines is deferred and
amortized over one year. At September 30, 1998, prepaid and deferred expenses
include $5,403,000 of deferred promotion costs, mostly related to the Smithsonian
Magazine. Promotion expense totaled $15,475,000 in fiscal year 1998.

(j) Split Interest Agreements and Perpetual Trusts
Split interest agreements with donors consist primarily of irrevocable charitable
remainder trusts and charitable gift annuities. For the charitable remainder trusts,
contribution revenue and assets are recognized at fair value on the date the trusts are
established. Assets are adjusted during the term of the trusts for changes in the value
of the assets, accretion of discounts, and other changes in the estimated future bene-
fits. For the charitable gift annuities, assets are recognized at fair value on the date the
annuity agreements are established. An annuity liability is recognized at the present
value of future cash flows expected to be paid to the donor and contribution revenue
is recognized as the difference between the assets and liability. Liabilities are adjusted
during the term of the annuities for payments to donors, accretion of discounts and
changes in the life expectancy of the donor.

The Smithsonian is also the beneficiary of certain perpetual trusts held and adminis-
tered by others. The present values of the estimated future cash receipts from the
trusts are recognized as assets and contribution revenue at the dates the trusts are
established. Distributions from the trusts are recorded as contributions and the carry-
ing value of the assets is adjusted for changes in the estimates of future receipts.

(k) Property and Equipment
Property and equipment purchased with federal or trust funds are capitalized at cost.
Property and equipment acquired through transfer from government agencies are
capitalized at net book value or fair value, whichever is more readily determinable.
Property and equipment acquired through donation are capitalized at appraised value
at the date of the gift. These assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their
estimated useful lives as follows:

Buildings 30 years
Major renovations 15 years
Equipment 3-10 years

Certain lands occupied by the Smithsonian’s buildings, primarily located in the
District of Columbia, Maryland and Virginia, were appropriated and reserved by
Congress for the Smithsonian’s use. The Smithsonian serves as trustee of these lands
for as long as they are used to carry out the Smithsonian's mission. These lands are
titled in the name of the U.S. government and are not reflected in the accompanying
financial statements.

(1) Collections
The Smithsonian acquires its collections, which include works of art, library books,
photographic archives, objects and specimens, by purchase using federal or trust funds
or by donation. All collections are held for public exhibition, education, or research,
furthering the Smithsonian’s mission to increase and diffuse knowledge to the public.
The Smithsonian protects and preserves its collections, which total more than 140
million items. The Smithsonian’s Collections Management policy includes guidance
on the preservation, care and maintenance of the collections and procedures relating
to the accession/deaccession of items within the collections.

The Smithsonian's policy is to not capitalize its collections, therefore, no value is
assigned to the collections on the statement of financial position. Purchases of collec-
tion items are recorded as expense in the year in which the items are acquired.
Contributed collection items are not reflected in the financial statements. Proceeds
from deaccessions or insurance recoveries from lost or destroyed collection items are
reflected as increases in the appropriate net asset class, and are designated for future
collection acquisitions.

Items that are acquired with the intent at the time of acquisition not to add them to
the collections but rather to sell, exchange, or otherwise use them for financial gain
are not considered collection items, and are recorded at fair market value at date of
acquisition as other assets in the statement of financial position.

(m) Annual Leave
The Smithsonian’s civil service employees earn annual leave in accordance with federal
laws and regulations. Separate rules apply for trust employees. Annual leave for all
employees is recognized as expense when earned.

(n) Government Grants and Contracts
The Smithsonian receives grants and enters into contracts with the U.S. government
and state and local governments, which primarily provide for cost reimbursement to
the Smithsonian. Revenue from governmental grants and contracts is classified as
unrestricted and is recognized as reimbursable expenditures are incurred.

(0) Contributions
The Smithsonian recognizes revenue from all contributions as revenue in the period
unconditional promises are received.

Unrestricted contributions with payments due in future periods are initially recorded
as temporarily restricted support, and are reclassified to unrestricted net assets when
payments become due.

When donor restrictions are met on temporarily restricted contributions, the related
net assets are reclassified as released from restrictions in the accompanying statement
of financial activity.

Gifts of long-lived assets are recorded as unrestricted revenue in the period received.
Contributions of cash and other assets restricted to the acquisition of longlived assets

291

are recorded as temporarily restricted revenue in the period received. The donor's
testrictions expire and the related net assets are released from restriction when the
long-lived asset is placed in service by the Smithsonian.

In-kind contributions of goods and services totaling $6,310,000 were received in
fiscal year 1998 and recorded as program support in the accompanying statement of
financial activity. The nature of the in-kind contributions primarily includes donated
space and interactive multimedia software programs.

A substantial number of volunteers also make significant contributions of time to the
Smithsonian, enhancing its activities and programs. In fiscal year 1998, more than
5,600 volunteers contributed over 496,000 hours of service to the Smithsonian. The
value of these contributions is not recognized in the financial statements.

(p) Advancement
The Smithsonian raises private financial support from individual donors, corporations
and foundations to fund programs and other initiatives. Funds are also generated
through numerous membership programs. Fund-raising costs are expensed as incurred
and reported as advancement expense in the statement of financial activity. Member-
ship program costs are amortized over membership terms, typically one year, and are
also reported as Advancement expenses.

(q) Comparative Financial Statements
The statement of financial activity includes certain prior-year summarized comparative
information in total but not by net asset class. Such information does not include
sufficient detail to constitute a presentation in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles. Accordingly, such information should be read in conjunction
with the Smithsonian's financial statements for the year ended September 30, 1997,
from which the summarized information was derived.

(r) Reclassifications
Certain amounts have been reclassified in prior year to conform with the current year
presentation.

(3) Receivables and Advances

Receivables and advances consisted of the following at September 30, 1998:

($000s)
Trust Federal Total
Auxiliary activities, net of $1,590,000 in allowances $ _ 18,011
Contributions receivable, net —_ 33,789
Grants and contracts _— 13,264
Interest and dividends due _ 660
Advance payments 16,066 17,237
Charitable trust —_— 2,565
Total receivables and advances $ 69.460 16.066 85.526

(a) Contributions Receivable
Contributions receivable (pledges) are recorded as revenue when received. Pledges for
which payment is not due within one year are discounted based on United States
Treasury risk-free obligation rates according to their corresponding terms. As of Sep-
tember 30, 1998, the aggregate discounted contributions receivable was as follows:

($000s)
Due within:
Less than | year $ 14,079
1 to 5 years 21,596
More than 5 years 5.964
41,639

Less:
Allowance for uncollectible pledges
Discount to present value

Contributions receivable, net

At September 30, 1998, the Smithsonian has outstanding conditional contributions
totaling $14,000,000 which will be recognized when the specific conditions are met.

(b) Advance Payments
At September 30, 1998, federal advance payments of $16,066,000 represent prepay-
ments made to government agencies, educational institutions, firms and individuals
for services to be rendered, or property or materials to be furnished.
At September 30, 1998, Smithsonian advance payments included amounts paid to
the General Services Administration of $8,512,000 for equipment purchases for the
Museum Support Center and other projects to be completed in future years.

(4) Reconciliation of Federal Appropriations

Federal appropriation revenue recognized in fiscal year 1998 can be reconciled to the
federal appropriations received in fiscal year 1998 as follows:

292

EE

Repair and
Salaries and Restoration and
Expenses Construction Total
Federal appropriation revenue $ 331,484 61,548 393,032
Unexpended 1998 appropnation 49,723 68,850 118,573
Amounts expended from prior years (46,724) (61,548) (108,272)
Other funding (41.075) = (1,075)
Fiscal year 1998 federal
appropriations $ 333.408 68.850 402.258

Federal expenses recognized in fiscal year 1998 can be reconciled to the federal appro-
priations received in fiscal year 1998 as follows:

($000s)
Repair and
Salanes and Restoration and
Expenses Construction Total
Federal expenses $ 331,426 31,527 362,953
Unexpended 1998 appropnation 49,723 68,850 118,573
Depreciation (6,966) (31,527) (38,493)
Supplies consumption 82 _— 82
Loss on disposition of assets (219) — (219)
Unfunded annual leave (277) _— (277)
Amounts expended from pnor years (46,724) (61,548) (108,272)
Capital expenditures 7,438 61,548 68,986
Other funding (1.075) = (1.075)
Fiscal year 1998 federal
appropriations $ 333.408 68.850 402.258

Federal unrestricted net assets primarily represent the Smithsonian’s net investment
in property, plant and equipment purchased with or constructed using federal appro-
priated funds.

Unexpended appropriations for all fiscal years total $182,623,000 at September 30,
1998, and consist of $73,332,000 in unexpended operating funds and $109,291,000 in
unexpended repair and restoration and construction funds. Unexpended operating
funds include amounts for the Museum Support Center move and the National
Museum of the American Indian. Unexpended repair and restoration funds represent
amounts available for on-going major repair and restoration of the Smithsonian’s
museums and facilities. Unexpended construction funds represent amounts appropri-
ated but not yet expended for construction of new facilities.

(5) Accessions and Deaccessions

For fiscal year 1998, $6,938,000 of trust funds and $1,893,000 of federal funds were
spent to acquire collection items. Proceeds from trust fund deaccessions were
$737,000. There were no deaccessions of collection items purchased with federal
funds in fiscal year 1998. At September 30, 1998, accumulated proceeds and related
earnings from deaccessions of $16,269,000 were designated for collections acquisition
in the trust funds.

Non-cash deaccessions result from the exchange, donation, or destruction of collec-
tion items, and occur because objects deteriorate, are beyond the scope of a museum’s
mission, or are duplicative. During fiscal year 1998, the Smithsonian's noncash
deaccessions included works of art, animals, historical objects, and natural specimens.
Contributed items held for sale total $4,300,000 and are reported as other assets in the
statement of financial position.

(6) Investments

At September 30, 1998, investments consisted of the following:

($000s)

Short-term invesuments.

Cash equivalents s 16,407
U.S. Government obligations 24.625
41,032
Endowment and similar investments:
Pooled investments
Cash equivalents 5,270
U.S. Government and quasi-government obligations 55,731
Corporate bonds and other obligations 169,779
Common and preferred stocks 373.146
Total pooled investments 603,926
Nonpooled investments
Deposits with U.S. Treasury 1,050
Total endowment and similar investments 604.976
Gift annuity program investments:
Corporate bonds and other obligations 140
Common and preferred stock 307
447
Total investments $ 646.455

(7) True Endowment and Funds Functioning as Endowments

The Smithsonian uses the “total return” approach to investment management of
pooled true endowment funds and quasi-endowment funds, referred to collectively as
the endowment. Each year, the endowment pays out an amount for current expendi-
tures based upon a number of factors evaluated and approved by the Board of Regents.
The payout for 1998 was 4.5 percent of the average market value of the endowment
over the prior five years. The difference between the total return (i.e., dividends, inter-
est and net gains), and the payout is reinvested when there is an excess of total return
over payout, or withdrawn from previously accumulated returns when there is a defi-
Gency of total return to payout. The payout amount exceeded the total return in fiscal
year 1998 and the deficit was withdrawn from the endowment asset pool. The with-
drawal is reported as a non-operating loss in the accompanying statement of financial
activity (see note 8).

Substantially all of the investments of the endowment are pooled on a market value
basis, with individual funds subscribing to or disposing of units on the basis of the per
unit market value at the beginning of the month in which the transaction takes place.
At September 30, 1998, each unit had a market value of $614. The market value of the
pool's net assets at September 30, 1998, was $579,444,000. This represents all pooled
investments plus net receivables and payables related to investment transactions.

Each fund participating in the investment pool receives an annual payout equal to
the number of units owned times the annual payout amount per unit. The payout for
fiscal year 1998 was $21.00 per unit. Based on approved Board policy, if the market
value of any endowment fund is less than 110 percent of the historical value, the cur-
tent payout is limited to the actual interest and dividends allocable to that fund.

Net asset balances of the endowment consisted of the following at September 30, 1998:

($000s)
Unrestricted $ 215,094
Unresmicted-designated 172.514
Total unrestricted 387,608
Temporarily restricted 138,686
Permanently restricted 62.972
Total endowment net assets $ 589.266

(8) Composition of Total Return from Investments

Total return from investments consisted of the following for the year ended Septem-
ber 30, 1998:

Composition of Endowment Return:

(S000s)
Endowment payout $ 19,726
Payout in excess of investment income (2.171)
Total investment income 17,555
Less - invesument fees (1.469)
Net investment income 16,086
Net realized and unrealized loss on investments (27.185)
Endowment total return $ (11.099)

Endowment total return is reported as $19,726,000 in operating revenue and
($30,825,000) in nonoperating endowment retum in the statement of financial activity.

Composition of Short-Term Investment Total Return:

(S000s)
Interest and dividends $ 1,700
Net realized and unrealized gain on investments 680
Short-term investment total retum $ 2.380

(9) Property and Equipment
Property and equipment consisted of the following at September 30, 1998:

$000s)
Tust ‘ederal Total

Land $ 2,387 — 2.387
Buildings and capital improvements 159,668 818,325 977.993
Equipment 25,295 49,283 74,578
Leashold improvements 2.290 =— 2.290
189.640 867,608 1,057,248

Accumulated depreciation (69.901) (427.505) (497.406)
Total property and equipment $ 119.739 440.103 559.842

At September 30, 1998, buildings and capital improvements included $28,135,000
and $125,296,000 of construction in progress within Trust and Federal funds, respec-

tively. Depreciation expense for fiscal year 1998 totaled $38,493,000 in the federal
funds and $7,388,000 in the trust funds.

(10) Debt

In January 1998, the District of Columbia issued $41.3 million of tax-exempt revenue
bonds on behalf of the Smithsonian. The Smithsonian is obligated under these bonds
as follows:

($000s)
Series 1997 Revenue Bonds, Serial. with principal amounts ranging
from $800,000 to $1,225,000 interest rates ranging from 4.10%
to 4.75%, maturing at various points from February 1, 2002
through 2012 S 10,950
Series 1997 Revenue Bonds, Term:
Interest rate 5.00% due February 1, 2017 7,105
Interest rate 4.75% due February 1, 2018 1,640
Interest rate 5.00% due February 1, 2028 21.625
Total bonds at face value 41,320
Less —- unamortized bond discount (794)
Total bonds payable $ 40.526

The serial and term bonds represent an unsecured general obligation of the Smith-
sonian. Proceeds from the sale of the bonds will finance certain renovations of and
improvements to the National Museum of Natural History, fund capitalized interest,
and pay certain costs of issuing the bonds. Interest on the bonds is payable semi-
annually on August 1 and February 1, beginning on August 1, 1998. Principal and
interest payments will be funded solely through unrestricted Trust funds.

The term bonds maturing on February 1, 2017 and 2028 are subject to mandatory
redemption by operations of sinking fund installments. Installment payments for the
term bond maturing February 1, 2017, begin on February 1, 2013 and range from
$1,285,000 to $1,565,000 per year through the maturity date. Installment payments
for the term bond maturing February 1, 2028 begin on February 1, 2019 and range
from $1,720,000 to $2,665,000 per year through the maturity date.

Interest expense on bonds payable for fiscal year 1998 totaled $1,332,000, net of
capitalized interest of $173,000.

At September 30, 1998, the Smithsonian also had an interest-free loan from the
Virginia Department of Aviation totaling $1,000,000. The Virginia Department of
Aviation agreed, in fiscal year 1995, to make available to the Smithsonian an interest-
free loan facility totaling $3 million, of which $500,000 was drawn in fiscal years 1996
and 1997. This loan facility is intended to assist in the financing of the planning,
marketing, fund-raising, and design of the proposed National Air and Space Museum
extension at Washington Dulles International Airport. The Smithsonian is scheduled
to repay the outstanding loan not later than June 30, 2000.

(11) Affiliate Relationships

The Smithsonian provides certain fiscal, procurement, facilities and administrative
services to several separately incorporated affiliated organizations for which certain
officials of the Smithsonian serve on the governing boards. The amounts paid to the
Smithsonian by these organizations for the above services totaled $164,000 of trust
funds and $70,000 of federal funds for fiscal year 1998.

Deposits held in custody for these organizations at September 30, 1998, were
$4,864,000 and were recorded in the trust funds.

The Friends of the National Zoo (FONZ), an independent 501(c)(3) organization,
Taises funds for the benefit of the Smithsonian’s National Zoological Park. Funds
received by the Smithsonian from FONZ are recorded as unrestricted revenue and
totaled $548,000 in fiscal year 1998.

(12) Commitments and Contingencies

(a) Leasing Activities
Leases for Smithsonian warehouse and office spaces provide for rent escalations to
coincide with increases in property taxes, operating expenses attributable to the leased
property and the Consumer Price Index. The Smithsonian has the authority to enter
into leases for up to 30 years using federal funds.
The Smithsonian’s operating leases for the warehouse and office spaces require future
minimum lease payments as follows:

(SO00s)

1999 S$
2000

2001

2002

2003

Thereafter

Total S 78.815

Rental expense for these operating leases totaled $15,516,000 for fiscal year 1998.

293

(b) Government Grants and Contracts
The Smithsonian receives funding or reimbursement from governmental agencies for
various activities which are subject to audit. Audits of these activities have been
completed through fiscal year 1997, however, fiscal year 1997 has not been closed with
the cognizant federal audit agency. Management believes that any adjustments which
may result from this audit and the audit for fiscal year 1998 will not have a materially
adverse effect on the Smithsonian's financial statements.

(©) Litigation
The Smithsonian is a party to various litigation arising out of the normal conduct of
its operations. In the opinion of the Smithsonian’s General Counsel, the ultimate
resolution of these matters will not have a materially adverse effect on the Smith-
sonian’s financial statements.

(13) Employee Benefit Plans

The federal employees of the Smithsonian are covered by either the Civil Service Retire-
ment System (CSRS) or the Federal Employee Retirement System (FERS). The terms of
these plans are defined in federal regulations. Under both systems, the Smithsonian
withholds from each federal employee's salary the required salary percentage. The
Smithsonian also contributes specified percentages. The Smithsonian’s expense for
these plans for fiscal year 1998 was $15,959,000.

The Smithsonian has a separate defined contribution retirement plan for trust fund
employees, in which substantially all such employees are eligible to participate. Under
the plan, the Smithsonian contributes stipulated percentages of salary which are used
to purchase individual annuities, the rights to which are immediately vested with the
employees. Employees can make voluntary contributions, subject to certain limita-
tions. The Smithsonian’s cost of the plan for fiscal year 1998 was $9,365,000.

In addition to the Smithsonian's retirement plans, the Smithsonian makes available
certain health care and life insurance benefits to active and retired trust fund employ-
ees. The plan is contributory for retirees and requires payment of premiums and de-
ductibles. Retiree contributions for premiums are established by an insurance carrier
based on the average per capita cost of benefit coverage for all participants, active and
retired, in the Smithsonian’s plan.

The inclusion of retirees in the calculation of average per capita cost results in a
higher average per capita cost than would result if only active employees were covered
by the plan. Therefore, the Smithsonian has a postretirement benefit obligation total-
ing $6,097,000 at September 30, 1998, for the portion of the expected future cost of the
retiree benefits that is not recovered through retiree contributions. The Smithsonian’s
policy is to fund the cost of these benefits on the pay-as-you-go-basis.

(14) Income Taxes

The Smithsonian is recognized as exempt from income taxation under the provisions of
Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code (the Code). Organizations described in
that section are taxable only on their unrelated business income. Periodical advertising
sales is the main source of unrelated business income. An IRS determination letter has
been received supporting the Smithsonian's taxexempt status. No provision for income
taxes was required for fiscal year 1998.

It is the opinion of the Smithsonian’s management that the Smithsonian is also
exempt from taxation as an instrumentality of the United States as defined in Section
501(c)(1) of the Code. Organizations described in that section are exempt from all
income taxation. The Smithsonian has not yet formally sought such dual status.

(15) Restructuring of Smithsonian Press / Smithsonian Productions Divisions

During fiscal year 1998, the Board voted to discontinue operations of three divisions of
the Smithsonian Press/Smithsonian Productions auxiliary activity, including Smith-
sonian Books, Smithsonian Collection of Recordings, and Smithsonian Videos, effective
April 1, 1998. Costs associated with the closure, include write-offs of inventory and
accounts receivable, accruals for contractual product and fulfillment contract guaran-
tees, guaranteed royalties and commissions, potential merchandise returns, litigation
claims and severance costs. In fiscal year 1998, the total loss from operations and
closure of the three divisions was $4,791,000, the net effect of which is reported within
auxiliary activities in the statement of financial activity.

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